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mm VOL. xx WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 23, 1S70. NO 46. Tlaneo Danaoa B< Doa? Perentie*.-Vir?. DEVOTED TO LITERATURE. MORALITY AND GENERAL INTELLIGENCE* COMMENTS O?? T life j? A ST AND PLEDQK? 'iWfoio Citizens of th? Senate and of the House of Representa t (vc* : ~ lo transmitting my' annual message to th? Ornerai Asst'mbW, I,take ple^Pur. ?u Cuu'urutul]iltUK s?\\i tfap lh{ gta^fW ?ug evidcDC.tS Of m?ien*I. prdgre?rt ;Mu<i improvement eur rounding UH, and tu?* general indications ol'tho^prevaUn?e ul peace and Wn?uhy Wn'?V rnVj rSiate. Health ant prusperity have generally ;pTey?iled!'jdnr?Mg/j|iye:'t ft?t?lye?r, ^.Uie earth has borne a must Doun! eu us har? vest, and I aoi happy to say ,thaA, ?wit! but few exceptions, peraoual and pt nti cal anituosities, the eradication of which is necessarily the work -ol', time, are being (gradual ly am eli erat ed, and a very geueral desire is manifested, e.-peoi?lly am un g tito more thought ful und re? sponsible, to obliterate old animosities, aod, by co opei^?up, aud , harmony, ,?t,i. manifest the power of a Quited people, iu a united purpose lo give their State prominence aud themselves' respeotti bility. .... e*,*"C -,, The foltuwiog statement exhibits the indebtedness and assets of the Slate un October 31st. iXff? AJjJ V. bunded debi of the State, Octobei 81st, 1870, ^0^908 98. Assets heh) by the- State. *ou that- date, $2 29070U Leaving a balanou of $5,375, 208 98. Fojr arf^llVp^dQ detailed statement ol the financial condition of the State, J would respectfully- icier you to lilt reports y Ahe comp tro 11 er and treasurer THB 'SINKING FUND. From a report of the' secretary of thi coin missioners of the sinking fund, it will.be.fQU0dih.at,> of tho.. un rem une.ru live property ot the Slate, there' hat been disposed ? of 21,698 shares u Greenville ?iiJ, ., Columbia Jtailroui s.nek,'at two dollars and seveniy-fivt oems perge?are, amounting to fi fi y -ni m thuus?utt lix hundred 'aud siVjiy*niu? dollar?aud fifty ceut$ . two hundred ant lotty altares1 of South Carolina anc Western liailroad stock, at furty-fiv< . dot lara per ?share, amounting to tei thousand eight'hundred dullurs; build? ing uiuterials iu the Stat choose yard three thousand and fourteen dollars ant seventy, den la , 'real esl alo, (four nero: on Arsenal Util, und u?? acre un Muir street, iu rear of S alehoUi?), sis thousand ' unte hundred and sixty-Tm dollars ; four thousand shares ut Cheruv and Coalfields Railroad Company stuck at three dellars and seventy five cent per share, fifteen thousand dollars - Amount realised, ninety-five thousam four hundred aud forty uiue dollars anc twenty cents. Expenditures : For one hundrei ? thousand 8 -uth Carolina bonds, eighty ono thousund bine hundred and thirty \seven dollars and fifty ..oems; fur oum fissions, advertisements, &oM eigh IWjndred ''and fifty-five dollars; total eighty-two thousand seven hundred atti ninety two dollars - and filty cents baljfctce on hand, twelve thousand si: hundred and fifty six dollars aud soven;; ceutaV V-^ STATE DEPARTMENT. The a iport of the-, secretary of Stat prescntaldto epitome of the labors of hi department for the current year; am gives a *\ely idea of the amount o labor transacted in the executive de partinciitsvL lu addition to the. usus amount orworjc, the secretary in hi present repVft- h at? . prepared a care fe coiupilutiotMf alt th? ?lection return; io tabular finu, presenting the name ol all the pArties vt ted for, and th number of vtitiw they received. TH* PENITENTIARY. The report \> \ thc ewin minion ers c the peiiiteutialyVpreaeute the affairs i. that institution tit a highly favorabl aspect, aud it is folly borne out by th aooual report of the superiuteudeu which accompanies it.y Sinoe his ls; annual report, the super iu tende nt hit received in the institution two h/Uiidre aod eighty persons. The * number t inmStcs at that date ^?'-'ljk?^h?^?t^ and ninety five. Wh'oje number duri o the year, five hundred ?od seventy-fivt of which number ' there haye boe discharged by expiration, ot .ouotunc twenty three ; pardoned, two . bund re and five^ died, twenty-lour ? ; esoauet ?I? u?ijarie, oue- ?Total, *f.<f huyore and fffly-tiitie ; leaving a balance Of titre hundred ?ud sixteen io confinement, < which three huudrcd aod o?oe?are maje; andfey-eu MlisJ &fth as?rl'ejjh?o^ ted as pardon cd, ' ti^ibly, pytiei^toU < those whoso term? were shout to expir sod who were recommended for the good behavior by the sd pe Hu t'e ?den t. Hy autimpatiuj-th? expiration, ot the seot?oee the criminal -generally avoid tho deprivation of bia civil rights, man of which .would h? ,tor&ited-. *?y tho consummation, frii? < .etleot of th leniency is stated by tho buperintendei as being most sa)oiefy iu promotin good behavior smtmg tba convicts, at enabling hm? Aupfday Jo, flsyf to desi] oate large uuuVberaot the. convicts ff h work aa laborer?,' teaursters and ruecha l?s without the pruseupe of a gtiai outside tba enclosure of the pt ison, at net oas has 'betrayed 'the confident thus reposed io them.. Tho superiuto dent uiakes a variety of suggestions fi the extension and improvement ot tl ijoatitutiou, willoh uro respectfully coo mended to your^a^erB^j? cousidon tioo> ll ;j iv'r/ .>. jo nr.-i ?ti I a LUNATIC ASYLUM, ? , I submit ibr i*$*1^MiiM'ti report ot the r*g ;irte \m Uie J.onat Asylum, accompanied by t.he anuu .reports or tbe s?pef intendant nod of ?hi i treasurer ot the institution. The repot ? vf3.?r.? KfiHor^ flh?wu'ithat brunts' tuen cement of the yefr the . number of path nts'waa two .hundred, ind tbirty? tWo; to wfcich Vus adde* ntoety, making . total of three hundred and twcDty-two "d, cured ; sixteen lia yo been r eryn ved i ibhity ?lM h^mtditd, jaudrfeoV f Htfte ercaped; leaving iii the institution, at . waive are males, and one hundred and. ' hjrtX,w? are fema|?s. Thautc.eja?ra>'? .HVaJeiiiint >boWK tbit during tibe ya-r 'lie receipts und disbursements were aa Col lows : Col lections, forty-one thousand 1 tinCl. two' Mullara add fifty-two ' -wents ;| appropriations, seventeen thousand five hundred and five dellars./. Totals ! fMy-' ?d?ht thousand five hundred and seven .4Hi*"9i/V^>>olp?iiia. tDUburaehi'eAtaPt ? My deficit in last annual report, one h um red nod fifty four.. do ll? rs ^ 'and, eighty one cents ; supplies, forty thou? sand nine hundred and . ninety four dtill.rs arid twenty oine cents; salaries und wages, fourteen thousand four hund-ed and eighty two dollars and '??ty nine cents; repairs and improve-, inen ts,, two t housund.t tiree .hundred and thirty six dollars abd twenty five cents;, tiolanco . deposited, , five hundred, and thirty nine doliurls and forty eight.cents Total." filty eight thousand five hundred und seven dollars and fifty two oems-. Li'ibililies, for supplies, eleven thousand eight hundred and thirty five dollars; salaries and wages, three thousand one hundred and forty three dollars and filty cents ; total, ' fourteen thou-and oine hundred.and seventy eight dollars and 'fifty.cc^tav. Assets dpe by county com? missioners, twenty three thousand five hundred and nineteen dollars ?nd twenty six cents ; pay of patents regarded good, three thousand nine hundred and twenty lour dollars and ninety three cents ; State appropriations to January ist, 1871, six thousand and tweuty six dollars and ninety seven cents; exten? sions nnd repairs, ten thousand dollars; total forty titree thousat d four hundred and seventy one dollars sixteen cents. The board of regents, in transmitting i he reports of thc superintendent and bf tne treasurer of the institution, accom? pany them by two important recom? mendations, viz: First. That tho beneficiaries should be maintained by thc State instead of the sovcr.-l counties; ?ind, second, tho extension of tho present new building so us lo enable us io abandon the interior quarters used lor patients. W5.tli regard to tho first reconimendation.it has my thorough eoneurience. The effect of the present ^ystfiu is to throw the 'eh ti ra -expense of supporting the Asylum on a portion of the counties-! while a considerable number is largely in arrear of their payments as will be seen by the table accompanying the treasurer's report. By apportioning the amount of the tax ou the respect i ve counties to the nu inlier of beneficial ii s accommodated at the Asylum and collecting it with the -en. ral tax, a more equitable system will be reached, and the Asylum saved norn several embarrassments to which it is now liable. With regard to thc proposed extension of the Asylum, tor wlnoh an approprition Of forty thousand dollars is asked, I think its propriety as weil us expediency aro matters of eoiibide'rablo doubt. It will be recollected that for more tbuu twenty years I he suitableness of the present locality hu?s been a mutter of discussion, while the want of adaptability of the building 10 their present purposes is generally admitted. In consequence of these d?ficiences, the South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, which at its establishment stood ut the head of similar institutions in this country, has entirely lost that proud pre tminenoe, and- now lags amentiibly in the rear Among those who have beeo most urgent for the abandonment of the present Bite and buildings, are Dr .11 Tresevunt, the former, and Dr J W. Parker, the recent, superintendents of the institU* lion, who unite in condemning ihem for want of space in the grounds and of suitableness in I he buildings To these gentlemen, whose long connection with the institution, renders their, opio i pu. .lUlh?r.ifutive, niay. oowiie added th dbe of ?Dr. J. P. Ensor, the present super ini*?tider/?, who says that on taking ehirge of it, the. Asylum, np : August' fifth, he found it far behind the times in almost everything.that, -isy now pon^ H^d^^ed^hecessaVy in a well nppol?fetr asylum. Its buildings are not of proper capacity or const ruction. No greater blunder was over made in architecture than {be plan upon which this gloomy, i r^Lruowf ?pilona? eVecte*'T^;mo*5 of 1 h e Vo?ti?s'.a re iii ero oe I ls or"* dri ? ck s in tho Wall?, durk und illy tra ? ti We'd, end tho^e on the ground floor so damp und unhealthy that it would bc, .10 say the least,, the greatest inhumanity to 1 equi rc the patients to occupy them'. In corroboration of hia own statement, Dr. Ensor quotes Dr. Wilkins, commissioner of insanity for the State of Caldo mu, who is now making a tour of the United State? and Europe in quest of informa? tion tuuohjng the .subject of insanity and institutions for . tho insane, who spoke of our Asylutn "us tho furthest behind tbtf aga,of atll thatM.? Had ?lite* i a* tm* eouSuryy' #ith dire wcep/roo. With thoso concurrent remarks of medical men of tho hiebest authority it may well ba. inquired whether it ia consistent with 'policy br' expediency to patoh up an old ?nd generally condemn* ed building, by expending a large addi tional amount of money on it, and thus perpetuate the institution in its present unfit locality, or to make tho necessary ioveaMK*tWf*Maa, Vj whether V>ft9" suitnrjl?'Ioca?ldti' could not be seicotcd, where ample ground/.could be secured, and suitable building? eroded for a modulate *um io addition , to the price . obtained for the presoot premiso*. I Command i^nb^tU?k "yucaar?rut T^^^itrlV? o/ 0?. ?ob?rt teV ' by, health pfioer ol' th* ?or*'-or''.Char* lesion, wjll be found highly, interesting and satisfactory/as exemf>!dty?og beyond all cavil the important tact that, with an attentive and vigilant quarantine' officer the Ci^o?| ^Mlejjtp^, n,?j bi ^l4y??i>?r?ec1tlyifl?fe from^be vjsite V KMB^K??i49^??.'Wn??b have occa? sionally desolated,her Btreots and nara? ly ted h er com m ercie': . Her e)x?mp^lbrj from pestilential'diseases', her general salubrity, her accessibility at alt seasons, with her other signal advantages and facilities, present a.brilliant I; future to Charleston, .which j if properly improved, : cannot fail toplace herat the head Of Southern seaports. . Dr. Lebby, io his report, mak.ee a cumber of ?.suggestions and rccoinmendatiooevwhlch are-defier. vedly-eotUM to th? higbeat respeet, ' and arr recoinmonded to your favorable consideration. .....,~ . . - , , AGRIGULTURAL STATISTICS. Tho report of .the- commissioner Of agricult ural Statistics contains much valuable information in relation tn the soil and productions of tho State, em? bracing the various crops and nodes of cultivation, the value of the nu tuero us ferti litters, the cult ore of fruits and ol the grape, and the formation 'of ronda I recommend that a liberal appropria? tion be made to be distributed in premi? ums'as prises lor excel len co io agricul? ture and the inechanio arts among the several counties, and the State fair at Columbia, with the understanding that an equal amount, from private sources, be ruised for tho salue purpose^ by the Stute fair and county fairs respectively. 1'UOSPOATBa. ! Attention is balled to the elaborate and suggestive report of Professor Charles U Shepard, Jr., inspector of guano Hld fertilisers. It presents in a moat loroiblc aspect the magnitude and importance of this DOW field of enter? prise und industry, its rapid growth and probable extension. In this connection your attention may bo usefully given to the luw of last session, granting to cer? tain parties t erein Damed, the right to dig aqd mine in thc navigable ? streams of the Si uto for phosphate. The re* ccipts thus far to the State from that , company have been nineteen hundred and eighty-nine dollars. In ray judg ment, further legislation is imperatively required to protect the interest of the State in this matter. It is believed that with a moderately efficient administra* tj">n of the affairs "of this, valuable pro pHtj'j a sum muy'be- Yea Used to' the" treasury sufficient to pay tho interest on tlic debt of* thc State or its equi valent Tho constitution provides for a uniform and equal rate of assessment and taxa tion, und that only the proceeds of mines and mining claims shall be asses ned. The inquiry may be suggested whether the present mode of assessing the.phosphate land? is the most advan? tageous to the State and equitable to the taxpayer, and whether some change is not demanded. ' . ? THE LAND COMMISSION was undoubtedly one of the wisest and mont beneficent projects of the State, bu.-, from the odium which has been brought upon it by charges freely made ol peculation uod personal purposes in its administration, tho results hove not been commensurate with the sagacity and philanthropic of its objects. About six hundred thousand dollars have-been, ex pended, and1 thousands of acres of, laud have Ween purchased, but, up to this time, only a comparatively small portion of the land has been .sold to ac? tual settlers, and tho tardiness of the com m ission should be a subject of inves ligation by tho Legislature. 'I bis in? vestigation should^ be thorough /and searching, by intelligent ' and hones'. tuen, who should examine fairly and fearlessly into alleged abuses which have **ff\*? i?ld3, 0QO?inent, ?nd d?riduci?f?on. 'Desirihg to' Investigate these alleged abuses myself, 1 applied to an eminent law firm in this oity, but was informed that owing to the imper? feet legislation which characterized the act, my power over the matter was very limited and questionable. Whatever abuses have characterized this agency and paralyzed its usefulness, are mainly traceable to its organization, by which its authority was delegated . .to five com missioners, .'. and' by ' its ' divided responsibility io constituting any three of them whose assent was obtained, either individually or in tho aggregate, a .quorum to decide all questions brought before them. I will make no reoom mandat ion upon the subject of modifying tho providions; but[,( would ?respectfully asl. that the Executive be relieved from his share of the control and responsibility bf the management of its affairs, of Wj\\ch hejs1 entitled, und# the }*yt ttv Our fifth, while in public estimation, he is held responsible for all the faults and abuses connected with its entiro super? vision. . Ile would take tho liberty, however, of suggesting the entire sopar Stion of the commlssfdnei from politics and restricting hi tn lo the direction i of tts legitimate operations. Your atten? tion is culled tb the ?net that from the sold her??fisrV tWe "is* no" provision made for Its info keeping other than the persons).responsibility, or th? commis? sioner, who has them under his exolusi ve made for'their deposite io some Safe and responsible Institution, or they shouioXb/9 useWfet. the/purpose of the redemption of the bonds issued for tbs purohase of lands. The report of the,Itibrarioir witnesses: his indefatigable seal' snrl<"industry in the discharge of his 'duties- Slid (be pre? servation ?-fth? property entrusted to bin. ? -??.Wt?,,<..^,^y?vvM)f~?. ,?.?- PS AUDITOR O? STATE. ^ U? / For in forma ti ou in this depart tpoot, < ^^j$?^^^W0 Wim ! full and complote report, and ?a 11 jour ' attention to tho irap^rtanoe of hi? recommendations. ..' 1 \ "~ ! For tho operations of the State' | superintendent of education, during tho \ yea?, I reter you to tlie report of that , officer. x % ? aw MtLITIA. Tho report of the adjutant and in? specting general ?a referred tb lor the operations and proceeding of : the mili* tarj department of the State duriug the Jfjear. . .. V. ii 3 Ttl E STATE CONSTABULARY. The report' or* the chief constable presenta a lull and satisfactory acootttit of the proceeding:) and expend turua of the bjudy- under hi6 control during the past* year. Captain Hubbard, in the discharge of his responsible and unplea? sant duties, has acquitted himself creditably and efficiently. Strong hopes were entertained that after the expira? tion of the late heated political emu-1. it wonld hare bec? uueiu>-d advisibio to dispense entirely with the services ot thin loree, and orders had boen given looking to that result on the first ol November; but the unfortunate and disgraceful occurrences reeeutly tn the Counties of Laurens, Union, Spartan burgaud Newberry, ID which outrages were perpetrated and valuubh lives .sacrificed, have compelled the postpone? ment of the desirable result. Recent indications, however, encourage the hope that tho postponement will bo but temporary, and that the police duties ol' the. State will soon revett to the local authorities. Up to this time no arrests have been made of the authors and participator- in the recent murders and outrages, and, having thus long waited on the local authorities in vain, active measures are now io progress for the arrest of the criminals. * TRIAL JUSTICES. Owing to tho existing prejudices and the difficulties ot obtaining impar? tial decisions in litigated cases, thu Ex e?utive has unfortunately been thrown almost exclusively upou tho members of one political party for his choice of nial justices, and in tunny case* persons with? out the requisite qualifications have been recommended. Li ?8 very important that this ovil should bo corrected, und wc may reasonably hopo (hut io future a winer field muy bc opened to .select from among auch ol our citizens us ure dis? tinguished for their intelligence, impur Utility und love ot justice. In a prompt equitable and economical administration of the laws depends much of the peuce and harmony of the community by tneoblwer ution ol causes uf discord and tho estab lishtnenlof friendly relations between in? dividuals, li jt ess. rt t i a I modifications me necessary in tho existing administration of justice. Complaints ure prevalent that io many cases a ppirit ol' litigation ts promoted and stimulated with a view solely to personal acquisition, and it is asserted that not only individuals ap? pearing bef?te these magistrates arc charged extravagant lees, but there is too much reason to believe that in many cases the costs have been i.ot only churg cd to the parties, but in addition, have been charged and collected from the State. A correction of tho abu?es is loudly demanded. There sh o aid be also an essential modification of the amount of costs permitted to bc charg? ed, and the State thoroughly protected aguiust tho abuses of unprincipled men holding these positions. Tho cxtiava gu nee of the costs, at present, in oises b?forth?a justice are, in many iutsanoes, a denial of justice as in must of tho 0t-SJ8 taken before tite e mi nor courts they ure greater in amount that) the Sum in litigation Tito powers und the duty ol thc magistrate should bc weil defined, and the severest pen? alties imposed tor their violation. None should bo .held more rigidly amenai.li? to the law than those who ure chosen to aduiioister it. I would here remark that I must necessarily depend very much upon the membets of the Lcgis I ture lor the channa, r and firness ol trial justices, und I am disposed to consider education as an osseuiial ele ment among them. This w >u!d not only bc proper in itself, but would itfiord an additional stimulus to its acquisition. By making a knowledge of tho elemen? tary branches an indispensable requi? sito to appointments or to office, r higher grade of service would be so cured as well as a moro efficient per I'ormanco of it. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. .I woold direct your attention to tin laws defining tho powers and duties o county commissioners, and, their per versions and abuses. From thc Ire que pt. complaints against some of th< boards, it would bo imagined that the; wore devoted more to private aiquisiiioi than tho faithful discharge of publi trust. In neighboring States the offic of county ?commissioner is looked upoi morcas an honorary station, bestowed a a mark of confideooj ami trust in th 'judgment and business capacity of th individual, rather than ns a position c pecuniary emolument, and except in th ? neighborhood'bf largo cit ie?, tho oom poniatton is but trivial, seldom annum iug to more than from fifty to ?'Mindie dollars per annum. Stringent laws ut required for (he prevention und punish mont of abuses, which will rest riot el pendil urea within legi ti tn at o bound forbid all participation, direct or i nd i ree in contraota for which, proposals shoul be invariably advertised, restricting tl amount of county orders issued, const tuting tho ooun ty auditor tho permaoei clerk, of tho board, by whom all orde should'bo signed abd issued. TRUST DKP08IT8 Since tho Bank of the State coast operations, tr ere has boon no ault ab in ea ni. of- ? eourel.v depoui t iug? ni n ?is b tdd by the courin. lt \? ot ureat impurtauoe bat provision should be made 'by ' law? lor th? security of iueh fund*, bin h for the preservation of a pure ad mi nisi rat ion lt* that important brunch ot judi'?al jurisdiction', ?nd <> fur the pro t eu t i ou of J milora. Planes nf security should he udicuted and provision made for the lepoait of adequate pledge* fr?nu part ies unburned by law to heentuo custodians if such lund? ; und meuiiashonld be pru? rid?d tur iucrousiog such securilies rum time to time, HO MS to afford tmf io'i'iit protect iou to ull amounts KU de-, posited.; and the control over such, de posits while in the hunda of such lepositoties. should be further secured >y ullowing tu tho courts summury remedies against (hem, to the* sumo ?xtent us if they were the regularly up - puiuted receivers ot the courts. J UKI KB The ?ittontiori uf thc lust General Assembly was called to the necessity uf i ol?anle in the .system of selecting ju? ries. As at present conducted, it is li ible.to bo, mid ia, perverted to firent tbuse. OQ account ot tbe character uf the pantons placed upon them k lt-is high? ly important thut thu jury box should ie placed beyond the reach of political ufluence, or prostituted tu the purpos ?S uf tuen who ure themselves guilty ot sri we. It should be Ailed with our best iud most reliable citizens. Thc appoint UCUt of a commissioner of juries bas leen tried in nome of sistei States, ind has been found to work admirably. COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS Iii view of tho frequent expenditures br furnishing thc publio buildings, and h* irresponsibility of the modu in which >ublio money is disbursed therefor, 1 VDU Ul recommend the designation of mine officer who should have a super Msinu of the publio buildings and rrounds, and of all expenditures for heir furniture ?iud improvement. TIIF. KLUB RIDGE RAILROAD. I regret to inform you thut but lillie ..regress bas bodn recently made upon bc Blue Ridge Railroad. Tho liberal )olicy pursued by thc Legislature was lbstructod by parties prompted by per ?until aggrandizement mid political pre? udices entering intu combination (o brow obstacles in thu way uf negotiat og tho bonds, which prevented their mle nt the time, and before those diffi solfies wereovi roo mu tho war in Mu rope ntervened und rendered their sale uipracticnble. I have no recommen? dations lo muke on the subj ct, HS all be laws necessary arc in existence, aud viii I hore fore refer you tu tho annual report of tho president uf thc road for ill the necessary information to an understanding of the details, lt. is ex? remcly union unute that personal imbi ion or political rancor should bc -lormitted to delay or interfere willi thca progress and completion of n work of mott vital, tra II sue II de ut importance to .lie prosperity ol' tho State and its chief ;oiumorotai city. EMIGRATION AND LAUOR. Wiiile I um willing and anxious by ill legitimate means tu encourage and promotecmigrution to this Stuteufall peoples who ure homogeneous in customs iud usages with our own that uro willing o labor, us well us those who will briny: mo it skill und capital, I cannot forge! he expression of my opinion that thc passage und enlbrocment of stringent awe for tho pr<>tietion of lifo ?md prop ;rty and thc free und unrestricted ex >ressiou ol* political opinion is all that is necessary to acoomplisb that purpose in a state that presents so many aurac lions and udvautagos to thc emigrant md capitalist as ours. LABOR AND CAPITAL. There has been much discussion upon he alleged scarcity of labor, and a rariety of schemes has been suggested ur its alleviation, but, thus far without ?iMCtical result The importation ul oreigners, cit h r Christian or Pagan, ?un work un inconsiderable influence, as .hese aro keenly ulive tu the facilities ol inproving their condition as the native Hmm they attempt to r-upplnut, mid wiil dispose of thuirs?vices to those who .viii pay the highes prices for them - . ny own impression is, that thc present abor of the country, oat ive and tu thc minnei bor i, furn s ?es tho most ccouoin cal, tho must skillful and tho most diieient system if lobuf for tho outh, iud cannot advantageously bc substitu? }d by any other. A true appreciation >f the mutual dependence of capital iud labor, and a disposition tu arrange imioably and equitably terms ol' ngree III en i, between thom, would gu far to reeoticilo existing difficulties und remove \ fruitful cause of dissent inn and irri? ta t i on milong our own people Induce meurs might n Lo be held out by which thc ranks of tho productive class may bc largely recruited from limsc who ire nooprodue.Ts, and whoso complaint is that they can got. nothing to o ; ?md ilse by grants of lund to tenants in lee ibo payments properly secured, running liver u long series of years to thosu who may settle in Inmilies LANDLORD AND TENANT. Attention ?H called te tho necessity of ii cheap nnd ?peedy remedy by rhieb the owners of property may repossess themselves of it by n summary magiste? rial process While honest poverty is deserving of our sympathy, mid entitled to ull legitimate protection, yet there ii too much reason to believe thut lhere arc ca os in which tho la -v is pervert? ed, wh i cb, by these vexatious results compel landlords to en hune.? t heir rent? and. militate against tho interest of thc publio at large. Arru EN TIC KN. The attontion of tho last General Aa sembly was called lo tho necessity nm importance of a law lo reg?late mid de? fine tho relations and obligations of em ployer and apprentice, An inielligcB himself the elementa of loH?t^ttWeA, .nd re*p>etabHity. : aia'artrfcl***^ tal o? vb ?oh he cannot ft***ed> His labor is always abd eve^arhef? -lo demand. As illustrating thV-effeot of idleness aa tba Beare* oT, e*rme, ? lt >li stated itt the roport of the' prison \ Asso? ciation lately imm?d,< that of ? dfuurterm thousand ?Ve handred and ?rVet??aix prisoners confined io< the peoiteatlari? of thirty Statesi iii ?870; more \h?o ten housand of that number', or' over se? venty per ceut . had never learned a trade. Thia pregnant fact o?oveya a lesson ol' profound interest IO those who have io ?harpe trie training of boys and iiirls for the active duties of life . lu framing a?oh a law as isauggested, the amp!, st .security should be provided that the apprentice bo" protected cruelty ard injustice, and that ho should' resuive ao adequate amount of educa lion. . \ .. % &i ' PllE.SKRVATlOlV'?t^?^M?^f|ri PROFAN Many of thc States of thc Ubi on have enacted laws for the' preservation of game by the probihiti?n tP.'.ir.g ihcixj during tho breeding j season, ^s the wanton and indiscriminate snooting of birds and game animais during the breeding season must result gradually in their extinction, and to the encour? agement and ?multiplication of myriad*, of destructive insects, to the great io< jury and destruction of vegetation and the crops, I would call your attention to the matter ns worthy . of your con sideration. In this connection I would also recommend the protection and en courugetiient of artificial fish breeding by protecting the owners of flail ponda from ti espusscs and depredations.' ? law was passed by the last Gcuera' Assem., bly, authorising the appointment of eight fish commissioners-one for each judicial oirouit-and defining the duties thereof. These appointments were not made, for the following reasons : It was found that- competent- men- could not be procured for the salary authorised to be paid, and no greater results would have been attained by the selection ol incompetent men than without any. It was thought best to leave the whole suhjeot for additional legislation, in the hope that it would conform to the prac tico prevailing in those States which have hud most experience and success in fish culture, by appointing one person experienced in the business, and known as tish commissioner. Mr. Seth Qroene. who has been 80 prominently connected with thc nrtici?ul propagation ol migntory fish, has been during tho past summer employed by the State of Now York in restocking the Hudson River with thud, and hits been hatching from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand daily. He states, in published communication, that he can satisfy ?ny person with common sense that, ul I toe rivers on tho coast can be stocked with shad so as to make them equally plentiful with the olden time. NATIONAL 0 KM ET KUY, &0. A letter hus been received from the Hon M W. Belknap, Secretary of War of thc United States, in relation to the national cemeteries '. at Beaufort. Florence and Charleston, requesting that thc Legislature of this Stale may pass an act in conformity with a law ol the United States, ?utitled ''Au act tu amend un uct entitled un act to establish and pt ol oct national cemeteries." Information has been received at this office, from llou. W. B. Shubrick, ol tho Navy Department, that an appro priutlon wus made July 20ih, 1808, ol fifteen thousand dollars for range lights on Sullivan's Island, Charleston harbor, and i hat it is necessary that an aol should bo passed ceding the jurisdiction of their sites to the United States, to which your attention is respectfully invited. There are n number of provisions in ;he constitution which require appropriate legislative action to carry them into effect, such as the provisioo for divorce, th appointment of officers and employees of the Lunatic Asylum, time uhd manner of inaugurating the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, and decline justices of the peace, (fcc, to which I would respectfully call y out attention. . -. ... .. - . . .. .'. >. 'V .< i MISCELLANEOUS. Q?ulfenitn of tho General Assembly Taxai ion is the vitul power, of all governments, and I invoke your serious attention to the necessity of' a strict economy in ex pend i t tire, so that no more taxes be levied than is consistent with an ellieient administration of the govern? ment Notwithstanding the constitution! provision for n uniform and equal ra,tc ol'assessment and taxation, tho tuxes on real und personal property have become onerous, while railroads and oilier im? portant interests ure virtually exempt. There is much room for retrenchment in the salaries of enmity officers, and especially in that of school and con uti on ni ul i -Hiiiueis, whose' compensation is greatly disproportional to the trifling amount ol' duty peif< lined by them - Having thus submitted to you the 0;Vn? dil ion ol thc State, and'ma fo (hose re commendations us lo your legislation' which scorned to ibo jitdiolous, I might perhaps properly couuiudo ibis message; ?Mit I uuniiol icttuiu Irotn saying wh it, I feel ?b eply. i om' conscious that ] have becii re-elected by a large mujor'ty ol thu ciiiseils of thia Slate-a majority so largo as to secure my administration against any opposition o' practical co I* sequence, and (.trust that my .ennduot ir the future; us in tho past, will slum how thoroughly I recognize'ibo confi? dence which has boen ; vouchsafed tc ino - but! rf) li not refuto 'to 'recngn i/t the tact that ti larg? body of those il whose.bauds the wealth- the influence and tho educa!lott of tho ?toto have,-ir furmor time*, bveit futirely pinned, anr in whoso hands, io a very o?n?id-r ibU j ox'out, they ure still placed, havo boer opposed to't,Ue party of whh-h I Jin th? SUCCESSOR TO ?J i now, OULD respectfully inform bia fr?endi und th? public of Sumter, and ?JJ oin lug oount te?, that he baa recently received a ehoioa atlee lion of -?..i LADIES' AND GENTLEMENS' Wato laps, JEWELRY, SILVERWARE, SPECTACLES, &,c., &c, Ilia a took embraces ali the latest stylen, and witt be aold at reasonable rates. 8ept 20 F. HALTOM FOLSOM, CO M ? O ?J O Watchmaker and Jeweller. SUMTE?, S. C. Calls the attontion of tbe public to his assort ai int of Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Spec tn ole.? and a Fine Article of SILVER IT, ATED W A HE Bridal Presenta, Ac Parsons parch nul np of hhn cab rest assured o< netting article* a? represented. All work In my line neatly repaired and guaranteed.- ? Burrett'* Building, South ? West Corner Main and Libcrty-street*. OctS_- ... C. T." MASON" WATCH itJAKElt AND 4 s orr iou, s. c. Haa Just rocoived and keopa always oa band New and Benutlful Styles of JEWELRY, F YE Q LAPSES, kC, WATCHES, CLOCKS 'and JEWELRY RH PA! h ED WITH DISPATCH. ' D. A. SM I TH, WHOLESALE ANO RETAIL DEALER.IN 7 Parlor, Cliamber, Dihing-Rooin, Office and Library Puru ltu.re Mutirosias, . ?*, Window Sbrtd;.. ' O J . Saab. / 1 ?Blinde ?Hd Doora. Granite Iront ?ulidiugs, .Sept. H-^vm] - WILVifrOTON, N. C. WII^I?fliNGTOB? Iron and Copper Worksj ?8ACH??a: '?SHOP, ? FRONT STREET, BELOW MARKET, ? . WILMINGTON, N. Ct '. . ' i' ?> : ".. i.1. ?i *. Danjera and Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Peii HaCMfchlne*. Buteur ?i,d "'her Milts; din Ciea>, Cottoa, 8xu;o<v<Jand Presiles, Urfeentlne j Stille, and-ll klwta nf?Ml?j??p^4.Mt^|nftr, | made ar rufa i ' eil. Als??, Patklne; and B?trhur, i Wood Moulding Brackets. Newell Posts, StaT* Rilling; Ac* of the fotest patterns. ll ART fe BAILEY, fl.pi M ?y* ..T?IB^NLV STRICTLY:?-.--. '' .9-.<] IN; TO WK CU E U N D K lt SI O KE li, 1?*?* Itave .to ;? cull tho jdle'ntb'm o?lild frluidtv?utl th*. ublla, generally to bia . 1 .? rr <? . . v'j NEW AND Wiaii SKLKOTRrV ; STOCK OP 1 *J jj& Heavy and Fancy firbcetl^.^ Vhleli ho offlsrelow for CASU OK*LY. .*. ."'^ . "-?| *^SSU All article? warranted *t rcroromftArJJt^ ,'. pfr Pure McJ'elnal WS??r* K?** J6$W? on hand. ' .*' . J. fl. KBRItlrART^^V . April 13 . . A .tf' ' General Life and; mum* WM;::$ 1 SUMTER, s. 'o. v : : THE foHowlng Coiupaulc? hnvlpg^.iyatap?u' j vrtlh tho Law,and ?lop.nit ed $2i\uOJ euet} .'with iii? Comptroller Honora', ?Bor protection (4 iqueehulde ngaluet loas or damage hy Util''.- i. Phoenix Kire I usurnnco Company, pf^B Brooklyn, N. Y. (Ju?ii AsrielK, ; fi ... ^ei^o^oao.;*;, Southern Life Insurance, X?^nipat?yjplj,'J Atlunta, Gu , Gen. . J. H. 'tiottDON,, President, fd. C. M0MRI8, SeViyi ( Security Pire Insurance' Company ojft New York," ASMUS, ?2;UIT.8G9' St'.; . German Fifo Insurance Company otV Vcw York, Assotts. l.U.rj3.U$_ ?l, g Georgia liorna^ Insurance 'Company, Columbus, Ga., A^s?.Uj, 4??.78l.'l?.. . Richmond Dunking Insurance ?i>.> of Virgiuiu, Assetts, L'79.546 24. A. Will TE, June 22_ '..?? . . y' ? Two Swelling ?o?se%iii! Town, and a .Farm v NEAR SUMTER FOR S?LK; V HOUSE with five Rooina and Outbuilding?,, iin'Wii'ahingiiiirStreet., .?, V HOUSE with tour Mooma and O?tlmlldlngs . on Sumter Street. , .??/.' '? '?. Also a Small Farm Fifty- Acres,\.. wit bin two miles of Sumter. Term? oa?y, Ool 6 Apuly.to CHAS, TT: Moth lt: ROBERT BROUN, Architect, County .Sumyor,* -- AND -^ Mechanical Engineer, WILL ATt EXD TO. ANT .liUrMN ittS Kit *.-iii?to-l lo dim with iipeiir<ti'V mu) ditputcb.. lt. foi? to POES Ult Fit 11?XDs. A.'ileitr, .M.rl.vllvr 1er. S. fl, Oct 19 ?f V* 1 i5' TT BA VJ CITY .Mitts .PORK, Dry fulled., Shonldera,'I1I11L. oed l?og?>r'| Di v Suited.' Sirica, illida.-*i?nd l> <<?!>. s ched Wuriern ^ Shoulder*, Mol< : Su)/'tori ?. o 11 lt ib' Side.?. Iiliijn, ? Break fl i<t Siripi, l|utui>, O^VH ...rod and < ni: il _AUl> - I'oic Priii.e Natural und Kxtr?, in tie.roef, Idil.' ni.d iii'-x. Extf.i Fine filide Hu.(er. ?lil'?. He?t Fa.-tory Cto em. (>?FFE?S~Java, L'n'gVi.vra,' in ?, rill ?r$f???"|' j Fl,01; Its- nil graiha .. ? nti v i!'- - ..;!.<. i,de-< ? ?'' Mol.A.vSL.S und fi? {i fr.v-..Jj ir i.; i Vit A' Iv li s-,.l; Wio.iH ;n lddf.4i?d . . - I. lxo? : RAL-ISS; 'IJlU fro .1. ,n - *>** un i .?ii-tiiire?.3 Ill<t)led . .? ;t ,-. , Alp mid ,l,o .er...ll. vi.?Ji,'. ; ! : ' iMrteti. . R nml barrelli ; Cliewing 'IMlmero. (otlliiivij, ipiuf'er-" ?"ii LfitfVO boNtri 5 t/olu?vli.i. Wino, C-J-v*?i ''.li por i ?fi ii... x ine, Cn ii i .1 nil? il". K tl I he, i Ciarais, ItnKfdiVrri ??> i np, ? H'iiek- ' berry BMiiily,' Jelllt?, F*|o?e>>8, T1 :' pk and Groecri* D'"4?. L>e>?fid ffa{ '; , PoUab. und n gem roi , ' . ; ,'Vorlnien" of . ' ' , ' 'Liquor*, Ctrofirietiy Stynr*, fot'iSr?; ?\, For aale, at wriple^k only, by ; . A i) it x * Xf <*?. v^r.i.s'it^i, . ., , Nov f ?. v' WI|i?dii?i6n,.N{'C?'' .?' 284 KINO '.?>RliWT. (IX JKlS .i;ND,) . UH.VRUOSiO?^^t;. v 'P'IU S POPULAR >K^TAlMiTiinf. 1 MENT, pliaeanily focoled -wJ?rig, la. tween 'Wbflt Worth, and H ??et . Hirvei?. oflara ak e>eelh,nt aeeoramodiitioA to ib,? itu eiir.^ publie. li Ur turi a to w ,?id< ir.uo from ile ^Viy Rall* Hay^nnd not morn.thnn fi-i> mlnute? Walk to ^e. POE? 'MBc?, and nil Mic Su?iui'*a b^xfaea on Meeiinx ".nd tl ant rWia. ' ' F?J Trirnvterit I oard %2 (10 pf-rdey. 11 Spcet il arrgngemeai* /HI ?e. wida for^ibo.erd <>n application to trie promietor*.. I NSv1<L??m' ?? . ^ j v?h jtSr* IVI?5 Of. Books at?d Stationat^e |; , t?o to, ?iyj^i> pEr^nt? , lee Meei lng-?% MW ajjj, Hi berida l fe le U