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YOMILLEjENQUIRER. MSUl^ggap'WEgHLT, J a. GRIST'S SONS. Publishers.} % Jleurspaper: ^or the promotion of th$ political, go^il, Sgrieultural and (fommercial interests of th$ peopl*. ~ J TERMs^^?c^Ei^iNc^ANCE ESTABLISHED 1855 YORK, 9. C., TUESl)3r. Q( TO"HYHT, 1918. NO. 79 follows." Ijj This was President Wilson's answer |.|. irivi-n in New York lust Pndas night. L beiore an audience ol fourth l.ihertvl. I '* loan wurlii-rs, to the recent peace talk I ^ Iron* the Central powers. although In-1 did not ti ter speelfhalls to the utter-I dices 1.1' i n< rnv Icmlim, I O! J'i iici was not a question, ilit'larcil 11 ti e prevalent, of 'Viitiiiiu' to terms." | tot 'we cannot 'come to terms' with! ^ tin hi," as "they have maile it ini|>os.si-I B ! ! ." I voce must la- Kuaranteed, forL ^ "there W ill In parties to tile peace I ^ whose promises ha\e pro veil untnist-l w oi-thv ami means must he found in I _ I c i o'llieetion w ith the jieacc settlement I I to h iiiovc tliat mom in* ol insi-curity. I "It will he folly to leave the guar- I auiti-e to the siihsei|ueiit voluntary ac-||( tton ot the governments we have seen I I destroy llussia and deceive Kotima-I , I si nisi," continued the president. I five thousand persons heard **,t" 111 president speak. Just before his arriv- I al a guard of soldiers, sailors and itui-1 tines, seated at the rear of the plat-I form, were suddenly ordered to atten-l,, tloii. Tlicy arose with a smart click I., I ' of their titles, the national colors were I advanced and the great audience l?e- 11j came silent. This dramatic quiet was 11. f maintained without interruption untill^ the president, witliout other warning I of Ids eomintr, walked on the stage, es- I... I " cor ted hy lietijamin Strong, governor I of the federal reserve hank of New I . I si York. Then a tremendous hurst of I I cheering broke loose w hich caused the I (| president, after taking his seat, to rise I three times iii acknowledgment. I , A sailor band pla ycd "America." the I... president joining with the audience singing it. I() - ? l- n I Mr. Strong reau m m?- iiuw..... .. ? suininary of late reports .showing j( American troop advances during the dtiy in France. t'heers greeted the news of the American .successes, imrticulurly when ,,( Mr. Strong said the Yankee troops in s< their drive had reclaimed 100 square 11 * " > miles of territory from fiermany. Patriotic fervor seemed to reach its w climax when the president arose to a' hcgiit his ad?iress. tin- audience rising " and again cheering for several min- " utes. Mr. Wilson read from printed al text as follows: ri "My fellow citizens: I am not here w to promote the loan. That will he ;i' done?al?ly and enthusiastically done ol ?hy the hundreds of thousands of loyal tind tireless men and women who ^ have undertaken to present it to you vv and to our fellow citizens throughout '-v the country; and I have not the least 1:1 doubt of their complete success: for I ,(J know their spirit and the spirit of the country. My confidence is confirmed. too, l?y the thoughtful and expo- u rioncod co-operation of the bankers 1,1 here and every where, who are lending " their invaluable aid and guidance. I w have come, rather, to seek an oppor- la t it nit y to present to yon some thoughts which I trust will serve to give you. in |>erhaps fuller measure than lie fore. ,JI a vivid sense of the great issues invoked. in order that you may appro- " date ami accept with added cnthusiasm ttie grave significance of the duty 's of sup|N>rting the government by your men and your means to the utmost l,( IHiint of sacrifice and self-denial. No vv man or woman who has really taken in what this war means can hesitate to give to the very limit of what they have: and it is my mission here tonight to try to make it clear once t\: more what the war really means. You n, will need no other stimulation or re- it minder or your uuiy. ;u Fr*sh Consciousness. pi "At every turn of tin- war we pain a fresh consciousness of what wo moan '' to accomplish by It. Whon our hope and expectations are most excited wo think inoro dotlnitoly than bol'oro of s' tho issues that hanp u|K>n it and of the purposes whioh must bo realized by moans of it. For it has jKisltivo and well dottnod purposes which wo 01 did not determine and whioh we can- S1 not alter. No statesman or assembly created them; no statesman or ossein- c' blv can alter them. They have aris- ai on out of tho very nature and eircumstances of the war. Tho most that b statesmen or assemblies can do is to " carry them out or be false to them. " They wore perhaps not clear at the s' outset: but they are clear now. The war has lasted more than four years " and tho whole world has been drawn I" into it. Tho common will of mankind has boon substituted for tho particular purposes of individual states. In- oi dividual statesmen may have started ti th.. conflict, hut neither they nor their .it opponents can stop it as they please. ? It has become a people's war, and poo- t) pies of all sorts and races, of every si degree of power and variety of for- s< tunc, are involved in sweeping processes of change and settlement. We ti came into it when its character had g become fully defined nnd it was plain si that no nation could stand apart or l>e is indifferent to its outcome. Its chal- ti lenge drove to the heart of everything we cared for and lived for. Our broth- a ers from many lands, as well as our d own murdered dead under the sea. c were calling to us. and we responded, ti fiercely and of course. "The air was clear about us. We e saw things in thetr full, convincing c proportions as they were: and we have e seen them with steady eyes and un- b changing comprehension ever since, p ^ v We accepted the issues of the war as s facts, not as any group of men either n here or elsewhere had defined them, t and we can accept no outcome which a does not squarely meet and settle them. Those issues are these: a fc, , V WILSON TALKS OF PEACE I ? t Impartial Justice to All Nations v' the Price NO QUESTION OF TERMS INVOLVED " n Ringing Answer to the Central Pow- ( ers?The War Will Be Continued i, Until Autocracy Is Crushed and Democracy Is Supreme Throughout " the World. tl Th?- price of peace will In- impartial 0 justice to sill nations, the instrumentality in?!is|ietisjihle to secure it is a j, h aKiie of nations formed not before or sj ' * * "inference: all") ,, a M? r. mil ;n mi- |....., Ccrtn.'iny ax a tmrnlM-r will havi- to r<-?h-?*in her chiinicti'r not l?.v what happi-ns at tin- |*-acf tahl?\ hut hy what "Kourtn. ann more spw-imaii) mwr an be no special, selfish economic ombinntions within the league and no mployment of any form of economic o.vcott or exclusion except as the ower of economic penalty by excluion from the markets of the world lay bo vested in the league of naions itself as a means of discipline nd control. "Fifth, all international agreements nd treaties of every kind must be For League of Nations. "If it lie in deed and in truth the million object of the governments u.s- { slated against tiermany. as I believe I to be. to achieve by the coming setements a secure and lasting peace, It ill be necessary that all who sit down 1 the peace table shall come ready nd willing to pay the price, the only lice, that will procure it: and ready ml willing, also, to create in soine vile fashion the only instrumentality by hich it can be made certain that the jivoinents of the peace will be honed and fultllled. "That price is impartial justice in cry item of settlement, no matter ' hose interest is crossed; and not pnimpartinl justice but also the satisiction of the several peoples whose irtunes are dealt with. That Jndis nsable instrumentality is a league nations under covenants that ill lie eftlcacious. Without such an istrumentality, by which the j>ence of ie world can be guaranteed, peace ill rest In part upon the word of out ws and only upon that word. For crinany will have to redeem hercharr not by what happens at the |>eaco ible. tint by what follows: "And, as I see it. the constitution of tat league of nations and the clear tinition of its objects must be a part, in a sense the most essential part, the peace settlement Itself. It canit be formed now. If formed now, it ould be merely a new alliance confiiiI to the nations associated against a imtnon enemy. Must Guarantee Peace. "It Is not likely that it could lie , lined after the settlement. It is eessary to guarantee the peace, and ie peace cannot be guaranteed as an I'tort bought. The reason, to speak in lain terms again, why it must he iiaranteed, is that there will be pares to the jH-nce whose promises have roved untrustworthy, and means must i' found in connection with the peace ttlement itself to remove that source f Insecurity. It would be folly to ave the guarantee to the subseucntly voluntary action of the gov nments we have seen destroy ltusa and deceive Rumania. "But these general terms do not disose the whole matter. Some details iv needed to make them sound less tan a thesis and more like a practical rogramme. These, then, are some of ie particulars, and I state them with ie greater confidence because I can ate them authoritatively as repre ntlng this government's interpretaon of its own duty with regard to race: Basis of Peace. "First, the impartial justice meted at must involve no discrimination he,veen those to whom we wish to lie ist and those to whom we do not ish to be just, it must be a justice lat plays no favorites and knows no tandard but the e<jual rights of the [>veml peoples concerned. "Second, no special or separate invest of any single nation or any roup of nations can be made the bais of any part of the settlement which i not consistent with the common invests of all. "Third, there can be no leagues oi lliances or special covenants and unerstandlngs with the general and ommon family of the league of naions. The ls?ues of the War. "Shall the military |>ower of any naion or group of nations he suffered to it inline the fortunes of |teoplesover . horn they have no light to rule i xept the right of force'.' "Shall strong nations l#e free to rrong weak nations and make them ul.jeet to their |#ur|iose and interest? "Shall |teo|tles he ruled and domiateii, even 'in their own internal aftirs. hy arbitrary and irres|tonsihle itree. or hy their own will and choice? "Shall there he a common standard 1 right and privilege for all peoples nd nations or shall the strong do us lev will and the weak suffer withut redress? "Shall the assertion of right he hapa/.anled and l>y casual alliance or liall there be a common concert to hlige tin- ohservance of comiiion ights? Must Be Settled Forever. "No man, no group of men, chose iese to he the issues of the struggle, hey are issues of it: and they must e settled?h.v no arrangement oreomroinise or adjustment of Interests, ill definitely and once for all and ith a full and unequivocal acceptlice of the principle that the Interest f the weukest is as sacred as the inTest ?d' the Strongest. This is what we mean when we lieak of permanent peace, if we l?ak sincerely, intelligently, and with tal knowledge and comprehension I the matter we deal With. "We are all agreed that there call ho a i* are obtained hy any kind of barain or eonipromise with tiie governlents ol the Central empires, heeatise e have dealt with them already and live seen them deal with other govrnnieiits that were parties to this IruKKlc, ;ii llrest-Lituvsk and ifucna st. They huvi* I'onviiU'iil us that icy an* without honor and do not in nd justice. They uliswvi- no coveants, accept no principle hut force ml their own interest. We cannot oine to terms' with them. They have lade it impossible. The tiertnan pcole must l<y this time he fully aware lat we cannot accept the word of iose who forced this war upon us. ,'e do not think the same thoughts or [H'uk the same lanKUUKe of arii'ctlelit. "It is of capital ini|iortancc that we tiould also l>e explicitly agreed that u |M*ace shall he ohtained hy any kind 1? compromise or abatement of the rinciples we have avowed as the prinifries for which we are tiuhtiny;. here should exist no doubt about lat. 1 am, therefore, RoiriR to take te liberty of speaking with the utlost frankness about the practical' riiille.ilIons that we are involved ill. HUN PRISONERS A loug column of German prison tog: a ph. They wore taken by the Fri made known, in their entirely, to tinrest of the world. War Producers. "Special alliances and economic rivalries and hostilities have been the prolific source in the modern world of the plans and passions that produce war. It would be an insincere as well as an inseetire peace that did not exclude them in definite and binding terms. "The confidence with which I venture to speak for our people in these matters does not spring from our traditions merely and the well known principles of international action which we have always professed and followed. In the same sentence in which I say that the I'nited States will enter into no special arrangements or understanding's with particular nations, let me say also that the United States is prepared to assume its full share of responsibility for the maintenance of the common covenants and under standing:* uj>on which |ience must henceforth rest. We still read Washington's immortal warning against 'entangling alliances' with full comprehension and sin answering purpose. Hut only special and limited alliances entangle; and we recognize and accept the duty of a new day In which we are permitted to hope for a general alliance which will avoid entanglements sind clear the air of the world for common understandings and the msiintenance of common rights. To Clear Away the Mists. "I have made this analysis of the International situation which the war has created, pot, of coyi^e, because i doubted whether the leaders of the great nations and jieoples with whom we are associated were of the same mind and entertained a like purpose, but because the air every now and again gets darkened by mists and groundless doublings and mischievous perversions of counsel and it is necessary once and again, to sweep all the irresjtonsible talk about |>eace intrigues and weakening morale and doubtful pur|M>ses on the part of those in authority utterly, and if need be unceremoniously, aside and say things in the plainest words that can be found, even when it is only to say over again what has been said before, unite as plainly if in unvarnished terms. "As I have said, neither I nor any other man in governmental authority created or gave form to the issues of this war. I have simply responded to hem with such vision as I could command. Hut 1 hav? responded gladly with a resolution that has grown warmer and more confident its the issues have grown clearer and clearci. It is now plain that they are issues which no man can pervert unless it he wilfully. I am hound to tight for them and happy to tight for them as time and circumstance have revealed them to me as to all the world. Our enthusiasm for them grows more and more irresistible as they stand out in more and more vivid and unmistakable outline. Into Closer Array. "And the forces that fight for them draw into closer and closer array, organize their millions into more and more unconquerable might, as they become more and more distinct to the thought and purposes of the {noples engaged. "It is the peculiarity of this great war that while statesmen have scented to enst a ho ut for definitions of their purpose, and have sometimes seemed to shift their ground und their point of view, the thought of the mass of men, whom statesmen are supposed to instruct and lead, has grown more certain of what it is that they are fighting for. National purjioses have fallen more and more into the background and the common purpose of enlightened mankind has taken their place. The AMERICAN L? An American negro labor battalloi BAGGED BY THE FRENC ers marching with th -ir otiicers at the hi ?nch in the Alsne dia rict. | councils of plain men have become on [all hands more simple and straight forward and more unified than the! councils of sophisticated men of affairs who still retain the Impression that they are playing a game of power and playing for high stakes. That is why I have said that this is a people's war, not a statesman's. "Statesmen must follow the clarified common thought or be broken. Burden Upon Statesmen. "1 take that to be the significance of the fact that assemblies and associations of many kinds made up of plain workaday people have demanded almost every time they came together, and are still demanding, that the lenders of their governments declare to them plainly what Jt is, exactly what it is, that they were seeking in this war, and what they think the items of the tlnal settlement should he. They sire not yet satisfied with what they have been told. They still seem to fear that they sire getting what they asked for only in statesmen's terms?only in the terms of territorial arrangements and division of power, and not in terms of broad-visionod justice and mercy and peace and the satisfaction of those deep-seated longings of oppressed distracted men and women and enxluved peoples that seem to them the only things worth lighting a war for that engulfs the world. Perhaps statesmen have not always recognized tills changed aspect of the whole , world of policy and action. Perhaps they have not always si>oken in direct reply to the <|uestions asked because they did not know how searching Wflfre" (fuesflSTtff w'fcrC and what sort of answers they demanded, "Hut I, for one, ani glad to attempt the answer again and again, in the hope that I may make it clearer*and ?.Ia? wot* Uiuf mv nnn hnn trh |c f r? ? ? _ isfy those who struggle in the ranks, and are, perhaps above all others, entitled to a reply whose meanings no one can have any excuse for misunderstanding, if ho understands the language in which it Is spoken or can get someone to translate it correctly into his own. No "Terms" Wanted. "And 1 believe that the leaders ol Hie governments with which we are associated will speak, as they have occasion, as plainly as f have tried to speak. I hope that they will feel free to say whether they think that I am in any degree mistaken in my interpretation of the issues involved or in my purpose with regard to the means by which a satisfactory settlement of those issues may be obtained. Unity of purjKjse and of council are as imperatively necessary in this war as was unity of command in the battlefield; and with perfect unity of purpose and council will come assurance of complete victory. It can be had in no other way. Peace drives' can be effectively neutralized and silenced only by showing that every victory of the nations associated against Germany brings the nations nearer the sort of peace which will bring security and reassurance to all peoples and make the recurrence of another such struggle of pitiless force and bloodshed forever impossible and that nothing else can. Germany is constantly intimating the-'terms' she will accept; and always finds that the world does not want terms. It wishes the final triumph of justice and fair dealing." A warrant has been issued for the arrest of Mayor Thus. B. Smith of Philadelphia, charging "illegal, wrongful and abusive exercise of executive power." Two United States cargo ships were sunk off the coast of Ix>wer California. September 17th, during a terrific storm. 30R TROOPS BOARDING MKHfl i entering a pier ready to board a tranflj % ad is sLown In thl* French official phi THE PRICE OF COTTON. Committee Telle the Public That No Action Will Be Taken. The committee on cotton distribution has made an important announcement from Washington: "The public, and in particular the cotton Interests, are warned against giving credence to unauthorized reports. rumors, und information purporting to come from the cotton committee or the committee on cotton diatribution. Ail authentic information will be published over the signature of Thomas Walker Page, chairman of the cotton committee, or Charles J. Brand, chairman of the committee on cotton distribution." The following formal announcement follows: "First?The committee will not recommend that a price be fixed on raw cotton at the present time, nor will it so recommend in any event before sufficient time has elapsed to test the ef- , feet as a stabilizing influence of the < work assigned to the committee on cotton distribution, unless in the meantime unexpected changes occur in the cotton market of such violence as to threaten the welfare of legitimate in- , terests. , "Second?The committee on cotton | distribution has been organized, and has been directed to effect as quickly , as possible an equitable distinction of i cotton as to quantity and-also to its | grades, among both domestic and < foreign manufacturers, with a special < vWvr to provide for the proper utiliza('? of the surplus of grades below" i handling. I "Note: It is planned to accomplish i this distribution by regulations apply- 1 ing to foreign and domestic manufac- j turers without interference with the < usual trading between farmers and i buyers or merchants. i "Third?All purchases both for j foreign and for domestic consumption t will continue to bo made at market i prices through the marketing and dis- 1 tributing agencies commonly used. : unless and until the cotton committee i shall determine and announce that a I necessity has arisen for making a < change. In view of this announcement 1 the cotton committee hopes that agen- | cies engaged in the cotton industry ' will proceed in the normal transac- 1 tion of business and without uncer- i talnty or hesitation. i (Signed) * i "Thomas Walker Page, "Chairman." i m I Christmas Presents for the Soldiers. 1 ?Christmas packages for the two and 1 * liolf millinn n i? mnim Vmnt*li*nn unl. ' diers who will ho in France during : the holiday season this year will be delivered under an arrangement with : the |{ed Cross, has been announced by 1 the war department. In order to control the flood of gifts 1 that otherwise would make the handling of them Impracticable, the dc- ' pnrtment has decided that only one parcel will be accepted for each man. 1 Gen. I'ershlng is forwarding coupons bearing the name and addresses of ' each member of the expeditionary forces to be distributed to the next of 1 kin. These coupons must be attached to standard containers, 9 by 4 by 3 Inches in size.whleh will be provided by local Red Cross chapters upon application. All packages must l?e mailed before November 15. German soldiers have been given orders that when taken prisoners to. "Keep silent, know nothing and shrug your shoulders." The reason for the order is said to be that the Allies are getting too much Information from Htin prisoners. A TRANS PORT . pvt. />& : THE DOCTOK IN AITIUN ! ? . t Modern Surgery and Medicine Has! Changed War Conditions. NO LORGER IMMUNE FROM ATTACK \ ?i V Because the Doctors Do So Much to ii Keep Men Fit and to Put the 11 -I Wounded Back On the Firing Lines, k the Germans Have Ceased to Regard K Them as Non-Combatants. r By Dr. Woods Hutchison. A. M., M. D., n In Red Cross Magazine. p This war is different from nnv other w war in history und no one hus helped r' more to make it so than the doctors. n No one who knows will either resent ? or dispute the fact that in this war (' the forces whose aim is the protection n and recovery of life have made more progress and have been more success- b ful than those which aim at this de- ^ struction. This seems rankly Incredible in the face oi* the horribly efficient machines f?r slaughter and diabolically lngen- '" ious scientific engines of destruction ni which a modern general has at his 01 disposal?uirplanes and hailstorms of 01 half-ton shells in the heavens above: dynamite mines and concrete gun- ?' nests in the earth beneath, batteries 'thick in autumnal leaves in Yallom- n< brosa," hurling a million shells a day, S and machine guns that pour streams er of bullets like water from a hose; and, ^ last but not least, the fiendish, Strang- ^ ling, torturing gas clouds, which are 'v neither from heaven above nor from earth beneath, but direct from hell? w the good old German hell?itself, '''' It' any one doubts It, here are the m cold, official figures. The totul deathrate from all causes in this war, In- BC stead of being, as might pardonably e" be expected, tenfold greater, Is less thnn that of any previous and continued war on record! That is barely ea 2 per cent per annum of the total number engaged, as compared with ,h more than 6 per cent in our American Civil war, for Instance. C<1 The two chief factors in the trl- ('c umph have been the doctor and the irrepressible and unconquerable re- Tl sourcefulness of the common soldier. The same human ingenuity which ,h sharpened the attack has hardened ,ni the defense. Give a man a spade and three hours' start, nnd he will make c'' himself safe from the hugest cannon ot ever yet cast. In spite of the horrible an . . tic SOlll-snaKing inunucr aim iuui u> modern artillery, blasting and pound- tn Ing down level the whole face of the nv i*arth like a huge paviour's rammer, it P? actually takes more tons of shell to 'n kill one soldier now than it used to ?? take hundred-weight of bullets in an w< earlier day. ua But^ the doctor cgjnep first us a th dfmlnisher of the deadliness of war. ^ because, in the first place, seven Blgths of the danger In former wars wl was from disease, not from battle. In successive wars of thirty years past, cv we have been whittling this down steadily to six sevenths, three v,! luarters, three fifths (in the Japanese va army); but in this war we have reach- w? I'd our climax in a death-rate from ilisease less than one fifth as great as n that from battles and wounds?barely o( i fraction of a per cent. This Is the ot greatest single contribution to the w< lowering death-rate. And the reason why it has not brought down the entire death-rate in corresponding pro- 00 portion is because the fighting is so m' vastly more Incessant and continuous an than in any previous war. Even In cn -oca I led quiet times, there are more as men engaged along the whole length if the Western Front in active fight- nc Ing than ever were lined up in the tic greatest and most famous battles of of history, ignoring, of course, the preposterous figures of the forces en- ?"s gaged in the battle of antiquity, which al1 ire pure fairy tales. The British t0 irmy alone, as one of its officers ex- ?r pressed it. has been fighting an aver- *a ige of something like 'five Waterloos * ba The second great contribution of the 1,1 doctor has been his brilliant success in the treatment of the wounded. In ar earlier wars, from thirty to forty vi (and if hospital gangrene broke out, sixty) per cent of the wounded died. v,< In this war. of the wounded who are able to be carried off the field of bat- so tie In "one piece," so to speak, 90 per cent recover of those reaching the th casualty clearing stations and field hospitals, 95 per cent get well; while in I have visited base hospitals which ca have treated tons of thousands of suecesstve cases, with a death rate less P3 than ten per cent. Of the wounded sil who recover, seventy to eighty per ,e cent are back again on the firing line bc within forty days. w But by a curious paradox, the very successes Of the doctor have Increased both his dangers and his hardships. First of all because a th large share of his wonderful success 11< In the treatment of the woupded de- en ponds upon his getting them within w eight hours, and If possible within si three or four, of the time di that they are hit, on to the operating w table or a ruiiy equippea nospnai, with all modern conveniences and facilities. This means that*the real or "works" of the surgical organization ui of this war have moved up Into the l<* field hospitals, called by the English h< "Casualty Clearing Stations," and by I the French and Americans, "Evacu- gi atlon Hospitals," because the wound- q? ed are evacuated from them Into the cr hospital trains which stand at their svj back doors. Not merely are the regl- hi mental surgeons In their posts just si behind the third line trenches and the fr ambulance doctors In the advance n< dressing stations, but nearly half of in the operating and consulting' surgeons to and their nurses and staff live and ot work constantly under, or close to, n< the range of the heavier German guns and are constantly exposed to night s? bombardments and airplanes. tf Instead of two thirds of the army rt doctors being In places of compara- fe tlve safety, the proportions are Just m about reserved, and the result 1b seen in tne f?nm practical raci inai me -<i casualties In the Medical corps are d< quite half those of the line officers. In ft the battle of Somme, three hundred tl British surgeons are said to have been killed and wounded. And the late d< months, since the Huns are more cam- ej ;>ieieiy ueveropeu ana lei loose nis in late Hunnishness and beastliness he casualty rate among nurses i: limbing up rapidly to the surgeon's otal. In the second place their success lr aving the wounded and sending them >ack so quickly into the firing lint las brought them into anothei longer. It can be seen at a glance that an important part their work n this respect plays in keeping ip the fighting strength of an army, 'his was noted at once by the een and watchful eye of the German eneral staff: and with that strange, emorscless, Inhuman logic which has inde the German psychology both a uzzle and a horror to the civilized orld. it has proceeded to repeal and [fuse to recognize the age-old Immunities of the profession of the art f henllng. Instead of respecting the octor and the wounded and their lemorled svmhol. the Red Cross, thov ave announced that one doctor is to e regarded as the equivalent of five undrod common soldiers, and one Iretcher-bearer as the equal of eight irhting men and have instructed their unners and snipers and airmen to accordingly. "Klre one warning shot ad then vigorously engage them at ace," is the language of the official rder. The wounded are no longer objects P pity to the enemy, but future ;hting men; doctors and nurses are > longer ministers of mercy, but conirvers o the battle strength of the lemy. It hus even been reported that ie Y-M.C. A. has been placed upon ie list of combatants, because its actitiesald in keeping up the morale and thting spirit of the army. All of hieh is perfectly logical and sweetly asonable. If you happen to be Geran Instead of human. Of course real doctors and real nurs don't care a rap about these chang1 conditions provided that they can t good results for their poor wounded. Iiey were much more unhappy in the rly days of the war, before their crating theatres were right up at e front and two-thirds of the horlile Infected shell wounds suppuratI, in spite of every thing they could i. while tetanus and gas gangrene . re almost every-day experiences, ten the genius of Carrel pointed out at no matter how huge nnd gaping e wounds might be. and how cramid full of infection from the soil ey were. If they were thoroughly pansed within four to eight hours the time that they were Inflicted, id literally "scalped"' of overy par:le of dead or dying tissue?even ough this Involved tho cutting ifnv t\f nnrhnnu thrAb.fiiinrtbrfl r? f n iund of flesh?and then skillfully -igated with an antiseptic solution ntainlng free chlorine, the wounds >uld heal painlessly In a third of the ual time. The doctors and nurses en moved up under fire and went eerfutly and unconcernedly about eir beloved work while the shells ilstled oierhead and the Boche airlines bombed the hospitals almost ery night. One of the first hospitals which 1 ilted In France was that of the Harrd unit, not far from Boulogne, llch had gone over there before nerica went Into war. They were in tented and hutted camp-hospltal about two thousand beds, a section the largest hospital area in the >rld or in history, totalling at that ne nearly thlrty-flve thousand beds. It was a literal city of the wounded vcrlng half a county, visible twenty lies away from a high-flying airplane id plastered all over with huge red osses, aid absolutely unmistakable a hospital area. It was over 60 miles hind the firing lines. There were i batteries, no troops, no fortiflca>ns or entrenchments within scores miles of It, except a small rest mp and a training camp for convalcents two miles away. The German rplunes had made repeated attempts get at it but without success, and the eat hutted city was lulled into ncled security under th:> delusion at perhaps the bosche was not as .d, after all, as he officially proclaim himself to bo. Then America went into the war, id within two months of my first sit, a second Harvard unit and a . Louis hospital unit came over and sre established as divisions in this eat camp. Within a few weeks, as on as the Roche's omnipresent spiCB id time to report to headquarters at the Americans were really there, o Hun ail men circled over the sleeper hospital village one quiet night, loted the two American camps, and en, taking a line straight across that ut of the area in which t'.iey were tuated, swooped down at cloo> quarrs and showered a perfect rain of imbs in a storm belt right across the hole village. Whirling in their ack. they came back and rape&tad o performance. Murderous as were their intentions, eir net slaughter was mercifully tht One bomb dropped in a nursi* quarters, tearing out the eye of one oman, severely wounding another, and ightly injuring several more. Others opped in or near hospital wards, reounding a score or so of the woundI. but killing only a small number. But the largest number of "effective" successful explosives fell directly >on and among the tents of the medal staff, and, when I again visited the tspltal a month or two afterwards. was shown a great hole in the ound in the middle of the medical rnrters, where a huge bomb had ashed into the tent of an American irgeon, exploded almost underneath s cot where he was peacefully coping, and literally blown him into agments. Another surgeon in the ;xt tent had a leg badly shattered. volving the knee joint, that he had > be invalided home. Several her surgeons were wounded but >no seriously. As the German airmen planed riftly up from their last cannonade ley threw down a dozen handfuls of >pper coins?German pfennigs and a w of our American cents. The eaning of this extraordinary perfor nc<< frankly puzzled me; but the i rcoons who told me of it had no >ubt whatever of what It meant, and irlously resented it According to iem, it was a sign message: Here, you dollar-hunting American )gs, you came into this war for monr. Help yourselves. This is your . .-7.tatifin' - price. i ne doctors seemca even more , annoyed at>out this incident than they i did about the actual bombs, which, as ; they said with a shrug of the shoulders. was only what one had to expect i if one went to war with the Boche. l By a singular coincident, three of > the members of the medical staff happened to be on special detail > at a casualty clearing station just be. hind the fighting lines. That verynight the station was severely liombed and nil three of the American surgeons had an extremely narrow escape. A huge 200-pound bomb, of the "flying-pig" type, exploded right in the middle of the sleeping tents, but by a most merciful coincidence, the doctors had gathered in the mess tent about thirty yards away where they were holding a meeting of the local hospital medical society. The discussion proved absorbing and so protracted that, at about 1:15 a. m., one of the participating members stepped to the door of the mess tent and shouted across to Dr. X? (who hnd hnd a very hard day in the operating-room and had retired to his cot) urgently inviting him to return, saying that refreshments were to be served, or at least that a pot of some kind Vns about to be-opened, nnd didn't he want to get In it, which sounds confusing. But then army language Is always very strange. The recumbent doctor, who had not yet fullen asleep, protested feebly, but u|ion being urged that he was really needed "to take a hand"? probably assist in some special surgical operation?he grumblingly rose and tottered across to the mnin mess tent. Hardly had he gotten inside the door when there was a flash, a tremendous bang, a "Whoosh!" that nearly flattened the mess tent, and when the members of the medical society picked themselves up, and went to see "where that one hit,"they found In the place of the tent and cot which had just been vacated by Dr. X?, a hole in the ground large enough to have buried an elephant in, and not one scrap or fragment of the tent, the cot, the doctor's clothing and his kit to be found anywhere! The following morning Dr. X?made a careful search over all that region of the camp. With the assistance of his friends, he succeeded In recovering a sufficient number of the fragments of his clothing, kit, nnd personal belongings to about half fill his steel helmet?a piece of razor, the heel of nna nf Viia ahnao Viulf n rnllar ft uliVPr of his shaving glass?and those, with the clothing he had on when he walked across to the mess tent, constituted Ills entire earthly possessions. Another curious feature about this particular attack was that a new type of bomb was dropped, in addition to the "flying pigs," which instead of exploding upward and driving out Its fragments In the direction of the sticks of a fan, exploded horizontally and sent his fragments fiendishly whizzing along about six inchesabovc tlie surface of the ground. The surgeons told me that, in several of the tents, the boots and shoes which were on the floor were cut into pieces, and tent pegs were shattered Into kindling wood, while objects a foot or more above the ground were unhurt and untouched. In this particular tent, nearly a hundred feet away from the site of the explosion, the legs were cut right from under a couple of cots, dropping the canvas and blankets on the floor untorn and unmarked. Some of them said that the bomb appeared to be a boomerang or whirling knlfe-bladed propeller kind of contraption, having the power when exploded to send its parts skating or "planing" fifty, sixty, or even a hundred feet away from the site of the explosion. RULE AS TO COMMISSIONS. General Crowder Promulgate* New Order on the Subject. Washington, September 26.?Physically fit men between 18 and 45 years of age, who are placed in Class 1 by local draft boards, or who would be so placed except for occupational deferment, can not become candidates for commissions in the army until they have been inducted Into service as privates, under rulings of the adjutant general made public today and superseding previous orders on the subject. Registrants placed In the sub-division of Class 1 reserved for limited or special service, however, may be commissioned aireci irom civil uie unu no barrier Is Interposed to the commissioning of men direct from civil life, providing their local boards have given them deferred classification on dependency grounds. Qualified registrants who have applied for commissions In army staff corps, and who are desired by a certain corps may have their classification and physical examinations by local boards advanced on presentation of a certificate from a chief of corps or department of the army. In cases where It Is desired to commission a Class 1 man, he may be Inducted Into service immediately and promoted thereafter. To carry tiut the provisions of the order. Provost Marshal General Crowder today authorized local boards to examine and classify out of their turns such registrants as may be affected by the rulings. Local boards are also authorized to examine and classify without regard to normal order such men as may be accepted by the navy and marine corps. In order that their immediate voluntary induction may be arranged. A man, his wife and 9-year-old son, all of a family, of Norrtetown, Pa., all died last Thursday from influenza. Creation of a government commission with power to fix rents and prevent increases except in accordance with schedules prepared by It, is urged in a letter addressed to President Wilson after "an anti-high-rent" meeting held by the New York Tenants' league. When the German workers wipe out the present German government and Prussian militarism then the workers of America will believe the Germans are ready to talk peace. This, In effect was the stand taken in Paris on Thursday by Samuel Gompers, presl dent of the American Federation of Labor, according to Humanlte. Oompern said that he believed international brotherhoods would be the best guarantee against the reappearance of militarism.