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*4 YORKVILLE ENQUIRER. issPEP aaan-WKKKLT. i if ousts sons. Publishers. j ^ ifletrspnpfr: J^'or the promotion of the |)oliticat, ^(jrieuliural and (foninterrial interests of the |)eopt^. j aiNOLK cop*, nvs c**r?. established 1855 ' YORK, S. C., TUESDAYTOCTQBER 8, 1918. NO. 8i IN THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENTj Personal Glimpses of fbe Territory; Taken From Germany ?JOY OF THE RELEASED FRENCHMEN ? German* Had Told the People That All Americans Who Had Tried to Come Over Had Been Sunk In the Sea?Also Had Been Told That Paris Was No More. A lew days auo It was a 'i<-rman { si torn.-hi.Id: now it is an r>li| curiosity- i shop, and "many anil stranKe things ; an- discoverable in I In- old curiosity- I slio|? hi' the St. Mihii-I salient," r<-- i marks a X w York Tllin-s eorrcs|*ond< nt i ?dd hmnaii material, no less than |M<tiliar mechanical devices, f-11 into i th* han*ls ot th*- \tunican troops who i pineln<1 that salient i.iii witn mwu i in.'itiii'ss anil dispatch. Among the median ten I furiosities < iir> mentioned whole batteries of i make-hclii ve artilb i y, stovepipe and 1 logs {minted in camouflage designs, I mounted in former Herman jiositions. i threatening tin- former American lines. I*!i|?|i r-maehe mortars have |?een haul- 1 i<l nut of the old entrenchments. ?\ Hotter, and more remarkahle eviileiic,. of the enemy's ingenuity?and i possible iiiipovi-risliments of mate-rials -sis an imitation tank, a bizarre con- I struct ton which the Times correspond i-nt dubs a "Trojan horse of the west- < in front'*: It is a wooden tank equipped inside with nothing save eight handle-liars < by which it could Is- pro|tcllfd. It was < found abandoned no great distance from Thiauiourt. Niiicru an shell tire bad sadly ruined it. but nevertheless it was still an elo- i <1 in - ii t witness to what it must have meant to tin- Hot mans to give up the vast supplies of every kind that they v ere compelled by the Americans in the course of recent operations to surrender. The smiie corres|K>ndent tells this % stor\ ot an American battery that turned up where no American battery was supposed to lie: Yesterday our observers saw a battery in action near the front line which was not on our records. The puzzled commander sent out a detachment to investigate. They found that scv.-n doughboys, mopping up the woods, hud come upon a battery of Herman 77s with piles of ammunition. They had turned them around, and. not knowing how to get ranges or any- , thing of the sort, were just shooting them northward. They explained that I hoy wvi'o shooting into uorman.v, ami that satisfied thom. i That general bombardment of Germuny would have struck sympathetic chords In the bosom of * French boy, , ^ .-.X&n, .nrhnrff.ljfci American > correspondent met tn St. Mihie), soon , after the little city had become French soil again. The youngster was bedecked with tricolor cockades and carried one of the many French flags that apI tea red from nowhere as soon as the detested Itoehe disappeared, lie gave this genuinely "inside" story of one phase of the big event: ! "We heard the guns very loud on , Wednesday night. Thursday morning , they came much nearer and the Itoches wvre running away. That evening none of them wen* left in town. "In ttie afternoon I climbed up into the garret of a house on the hillside , with my father, and through his glasses we could see the Freneh troops. 1 wanted to cheer, but father wouldn't let me. for fr-ar that the Hoches might hear. Hefore it was dark we could see the blue uniforms unite close on St. , Jeremy hill (southwest of the town), and on Friday morning at 7 o'clock , they were in the streets. Then wv could cheer all we liked, and we did. "Kvcry one got out the flags that we had hidden for lour years and hung | them from the windows. And my little sister gave a bunch of flowers to a , French captain, and he kissed her in ( front of everybody. We were very happy, twpceiully as we'd spent all , night In the cellars because every one ( was afraid there would be fighting and the town would be hit by shells." i Further east, both to the north and , .south. Pershing's turn and riiiu had broken down the sides of the salient, releasing the little city on the Mouse; the victory was theirs and was so recognized l>y the towns|>coplc. even thotiKh the French troops were the tlrst to set foot in St. Mihiel's streets. The cables have carried the story of I a French girl who. in the course of ' that tlrst night after the launching of < the American attack, made her way through two barrages to bring news of > Oermnn doings to the American deliv- < era. Another story, it bitter one. is | that of a French mother who fell to < her knees to pray for American victory i as the olive-drab rank advanced, and wns killed by a Herman soldier who i overheard her prayer. i This view of the battle-field after the victory Is given in a dispatch from i a correspondent of the New York Kvening Sun: i Croups of our burial detachments with orange ami ml tags of cloth pinned upon their shoulders for identification were dragging forth the in- ; animate forms of Hermans ami sadly i stowing them away for eternity, sow ing int' sunuu1 wiin mine of another nation's misled efforts. Other groups of Dixie negroes from the labor reRlments and of white men from the pioneer and engineer regiments were tilling In with stone and earth hupe shell holes In the roadway and rapidly throwing bridges over the plaees where a series of trenches had stretched across the highways. Two lonp lines of convoys choked the roads, ammunition and supplies were Ruing forwnrd. and empty trucks were returning, while along the green carpet of grass on either side trudged doughboys two abreast, some singing others chatting, details going Into the forward positions to relieve their tired comrades, altogether an unforgetable picture. Near Essey-et-Malzcrals I saw an altogether different picture of the war. A the pathetic southward passage of ^ about 200 refugees. "We came from the villages of Roulonville, Lemarche, and Nonsard." said a venerable priest who headed the column. "These poor people have been prisoners almost since liie war begun. They are hungry for a sight of the relatives from whom they have been cut 1 riff." His black, clerical coal was wont shiny anil his wide-brimmed hat was 1 battered, yet he carried himself with 1 dignity. He w.'us wearing a pair ot ' 'leiman bents that he had fdrkcd from a pile of refuse behind the enemy bar- ' rai ?s. An aged woman was driving ' a tiny donkey hauling a cart contain- ' ing bedclothes, alongside of which trotted a cute donkey colt, so small 1 that the American soldiers crowded 1 around to look at it. "Can I get to I'aris?" asked the old 1 woman. "The Hermans told me that ' I he city had been destroyed. I have been living in a cave with this animal ( ind my 10-vear-old grandson, whom the beast oppressors have sent to Her many." A French soldier was pushing a ' wheelbarrow in which was a large or- ' .....i.i r.l.w L" la-n mirrors and a bundle ' i)f clothing. An elderly woman follow- ' r-fl leading his horse, for the soldier was a French cavalryman. He had ' pome upon the woman near headquar ters. where as orderly he was attached 1 to the French liaison officer. She was ' Ids aunt, whom he had not seen for 1 six years. An American general who ' witnessed the reunion gave the soldier ten days' leave to enable him to take ' his relative to her sister. A little hoy was carrying a liox con tainlng two rahliits. He told us he ' had walked sixteen miles without 1 breakfast, whereupon an American ' soldier produced a large cake of choc- ' ulate 'rom his pocket. I noticed hut one hahy in the entire ' line. All the children were four years ' aid or more. fine farmer said the ' Hermans told him the suhatnarincs had sunk all the ships that had started 1 with American troops. A woman with tear-paths worn under her watery ' eyes said the Hermans had said the 1 French were doomed, the |?eop!o wenstarved and diseased. One actually wearied of saying so many times "Honjour." I have never : seen a people so happy as these were 1 when they met our troops upon the roadside. Their actions made us feel 1 what In a personal sense our entry into the war meant. Tales of the American tanks, credited hy many Herman prisoners with a 1 large part in the proceedings, are told 1 in this dispotoh to the New York Tri- ' hune: The advance of the- tanks brought out many examples of daring on the part of their crews. One major whose machine was equipped with a thirty- ' seven-millimeter gun Instead of a machine gun violated Ills orders and went ' far ahead until he was within range >r Xonsard. With one well-placed 1 shot he knocked two Germans nut of (i church-steeple from which they were ! firing a machine pun. A lieutenant, shot through the palm of the left hand by an explosive bullet, wtw sent to-ft -hospital, but escaped and walked six miles Irnck to the field. ( He appeared at his tank with the statement that he could "carry on" with his right hand. 1 Several others were wounded, but : remained on duty. No one was killed, s however, even though a (Jerman six- l inch shell plowed clear through a i small tank, destroying it. hut injuring ] only one of the crew. Another tank i captured a battery of 77s. but was so i far abend of the Infantry it could not j turn over the guns to them. The story Is told of another tank | which went into a town with a sergeant ( armed with a rifle perched on the tur- ; ret. This machine captured two hat- ) lories of 77s. five machine guns and t many men. \ Tanks were occasionally as much as j two miles ahead of the infantry. { throwing consternation into the Oer- ] mans. Part of the success which at- < tended their share in the battle was , undoubtedly due to the intensive train- . ing given their drivers who had been taught to o|?erate their machines . blind folded, guided only by signals ( from the gunners. This sometimes is | accessary when the drivers are blind- < imI temporarily by splashes of mud. 1 One of the latest, though far from { the least Important. reports states that the hospitals near St. Mihiel. established and prepared with a view to handling thousands of American wounded, have found themselves with almost nothing to do. GERMANS IN PILES. Enemy Makes Mass Attacks Against Canadians. The enemy is putting forth his utmost strength to hold us at Camhrni. writes l'errv kohlnson. correspondent af the London Daily News, with the British armies in France. He succeeded Thursday to the extent that we could not hold nil the ground we had gained. Throughout the day the enemy resistance continued to stiffen and new troops were constantly pushed up. In the latter part of the day a series af enemy counter attacks were delivered in great strength and In the old fashioned style, which ha < proved so costly to the Germans and to which they have only resorted to in cases nf desperate urgency. The enemy re-enforcements came to the attack along the valleys in the Itantignv and Alwtncourt area in dense masses, wave behind wave, column after column. At ever shortening ranges having them in plain view, our men poured their fire Into them until their rifles and machine guns were hot. Then they rested and later snatched other weapons and began again. The Canadians doubt if so many Germans were ever killed in a single fight before. and the ground everywhere is strewn and heaped with them. However masses of men eame on, more than bullets could kill, and slowly and in concert the whole Canadian line here fell back to a point roughly half 1 of the distance or rne auv?nu- umu<r earlier In the day. Apparently the Germans have mined ( all the churches and large buildings in this area, these now exploding both behind our lines and in enemy terri- 1 tory. Among the landmarks which I disappeared today were Kplnoy church 1 on our side of the lines and Sallly and I Kaillencourt churches on the German side. Other explosions and fires are going on elsewhere. The fires in Cam- i bral itself seems to have been less serious than appeared yesterday morn- I ing and in the course of the day burn- i ed themselves out. I STEVENSON ON PRICE FIXING. Congressman From the Fifth Give Them Something to Think About. Congressman \V. F. Stevenson nd ilre>sed tin- house on the suhject c rix nuf a price on cotton last week. II <uid in part: "Thf-i?- is genera! talk of cotton prio fixing, saiil to la- necessary becaus the price lias advanced to an oxtrava at nt lifcuri'. The Washington I'rts tist week asserted editorially that i ivas far heyond its worth. I.et us sc if this statement is justified. The fou > ?ais before the war began the soutl nade 59.US7.53S hales: in the year 1915. 1916, 1917 and 191S it made 45. 113.125. a reduction of 14.314.413 ha let >r more than a year's average croi rhe world, outside of the I"nit? States, has made for the last foi: rears an average of 6.513.000 hales, o ror the four years 26.052.U00 hales o otton. Add to this thi- nuniher o iales raised In the I'nited States fo he last tour years and we have 71. 195.125 hales, all that has been pro luced in the world in the last foil umis. Consumption has been at th ate of 20.000.000 hales a year average >r for the four years SO.hnO.QOO hale: .vhich shows that it has exceeded th [traduction hy 9.604.975 hales. "Can we expect the world to get cot [on as cheap when consumption ex [ cods production hy 2,500.000 hales rear for four years? Again, fcrtiliz is and lahor and supplies and stoc ind machinery have increased th r?rice pio to 300 per cent. The price c ;oods made from cotton has also in [ reused on an average of 300 per ceni ind shall cotton he held down to har ost of production and less? The pric i?f cotton when the war broke out i 1914 was 14 cents per pound. It i now 33 cents a pound, and there is proposition to tix it at 25 cents l>ound. Certainly it would he unfai to cut the price of cotton down an enable the manufacturer to increas his handsome profits. The plea fo fixing the price of wheat was to fl such a price as would guarantee a saf return and stimulate production. Th fixing of any price under 25 cents wil have the opposite tendency in cottor "Let supply and demand regulate il That is what we were told in 191 ivhen we were unable to sell cotton fo more than 50 per cent of its production cost. It is a patriotic duty t pocket our losses and the govornmcn ran not guarantee a price or stabiliz it or do anything for us. Now tha the demands of the world are eatln up the crop in sight we are to be call td tu?on to surrender our profits fo the good of the cause. If It is so de LToed, the south will make the sacri tice and do It gracefully, but it will b |)oor policy to discourage production o i commodity for which the world I suffering merely to satisfy the clamo that tli? .-"'then* farmers should b stopped from profiteering." PRICECOTTON SEED. Council of Defense Opposes Reduc tlon. The state council of defense unani mously adopted a resolution last Wed lesday asking that the price of cotton seed be not lowered, as contemplate! t>y the food administration in an an louncement given out Wednesda; light by Willium Elliott, food ad ninistrator for South Carolina. Th resolution was offered by E- R. Buck ngham. Argument offered for a reduction li iho price of seed is that the oil con :ents this year is below that of las rear. To offset this, it Is pointed ou jy the state council of defense toda; :hat farmers are receiving only $72 t :cn for their seed this year as agains 180 last year. Where they paid $1 i ton for hulls last year they are not paying $20. Meal it is emphasized :ould also be purchased at $43 a toi me year ago. with the price obtain ilde this year being $53 a ton. The council also favored an urgen ippeal by Brigadier Gcnernl Danford ommandcr of the Field Artillery Re placement depot, Camp Jackson,tha Section 13 of the venereal control lat je so amended tint immoral womei ipprehended should be interned fo 'torlnH nf fhn nnr P.nn.'rfll T"kn iord appeared also before the cit; council with a similar appeal, am )oth bodies joined him in this Idea he Jtate council of defense adoptini i resolution to call on senators am congressmen from this state to pas mch legislation as an urgent wa treasure. W. W. Long was authorized to be fin an extensive campaign for In Teased production of grain crops am jork. An increase of 15 per cent ii icreage was asked for wheat; 10 pe cent for oats, and 10 per cent in pork An appropriation of $2,000 if sue) imount were necessary, was mad for the state board of health to com rat influenza in communities with t lepleted corps of physicians and nurser Dr. James A. Hayne, secretary of th Catos board o" lje-.lth, said there wer spproximately 5,000 cases in the stnt rutside the army camps and that ii tie place the cotton mills havo beei sed. and others are operating un ler a sorioi s handicap because of th prevrlencc of the disease. John P. Thomas, Jr., representln the war Industries board In Washing ion, explained the regulations for de creased building operations. He em nhnalzed that war emergency neees jltated a saving of material, 'aboran capital. The measure was necessar also because of congested traffic con Jitions. To relieve traffic condition In this state, W. W. Long was au thorized to investigate the feasibllit Df establishing motor truck routes t transport freight. Mrs. C. M. Cllnkscales was electe assistant executive secretary. An ap portionment of 150 a month was mad for the woman's division of the coun ell of defense, and the work of th field agent for the woman's dlvlsio continues another monthOn invitation A. T. Jamison, su perintendent of the Connie Maxwe Orphanage, and head of the state con ference of social work, the council c defense will take charge of the pre gram of the Sumter meeting one daj when the state council Is held. The Rev. Hugh R. Murchison, flel agent for the council of defense re ported that all counties were well or ganized and that the county organl cations were responding generously t requests from the state board. THEIR FIRST 6 WMMmm a On board of & former Hamburg k lng their first look at the land of th e " ?? f OUR INDIAN SOLDIERS. t. They Are Good Fighter* and Ni e Afraid. e "Heap big Injun" is proving n mighty ally to the "white man" In tl s great big fight against the enemies < a the civilization to which the red mc a have subscribed in theso later yea r since the pipes of peace were smok< 'I on the plains and In the rocky valle; e of the West. r The latest census report showed x total Indian population in the Unlt< ?' States of only 335.998. Not more tho c half of this total are American citizen I' About 50.000 of them still wear skit > and blankets. Only 30 per cent ca ' read and write English. Less the 4 33,000 of them are male Indians < r military age. Government statistli * show, however, that there are moi ? than 60,000 Indians in the Unite 1 States army, of whom 85 per cent vo e unteered for service. There are son 1 hundreds more in the United Stab ^ navy. War seems the natural business < r the Indian. Long before the Unltt " States went into the conflict the India " was there; not with the regal panopi ? of Sitting Bull, but with the san f crafty, adamant fighting spirit Tl 8 Htnrv of their participation In the wi 1 for democracy Is a new Odyssey. Kro: p Canada they went forth in great nun bors to tight with the overseas exped tlons, ond there are fresh evldenc* every flny' of the slnguTntTy urij5<Jrtfn - part they are playing in the role < scouts and in their spectacular sui - prise attacks. One of the novel stories that cam - out of France recently had to do wit i a lentil of six brave Sioux warnei - who one night penetrated the Germa y lines to a depth of three miles. Com - ing upon a fine old French chatea e they found inside a great crowd < - German army officers hilariously in. billing tic varied menu of a Frenc a wine banquet. With the bloodeurd - ling warwhoops that their sires one t vented upon the plainsmen of Amerl t cu. the Sioux soldiers descended upo y the chateau, crashed their grenad< a through the windows and let loose t fury of rifle and revolver fire. Whe 4 the patrol returned shortly afterwar v intact to the American lines the Ir I, dian corporal modestly reported: a "Heap big noise inside; perhaj - heap big dead now." Of a brave Indian lieutenant wii t fell leading his men forward with th [, Americans at Sergy, a suboidinate ol - fleer said: t "Chief so active last three montl y no time to stay In the dugout for tli a tailor to sew service and wound stript r upon the coat sleeve. We buried hit . in his blanket without them." y If ever proof was needed that tli J American Indian's heart was in th ? right place and that he was the frien g of the white man of America wit J whom he has fought in every war th? s we have ever fought, his activities i r the world war have provided ampl proof. No more loyal anu muuar American fights in the trenches of til . French and in Flanders than th i scions of the redskins, a Fourteen tribes are represented i r the armed branches of our servic There are approximately twenty-fix ti big Indian schools in the countr e and each is a recruiting station. TIi . war fever burns brightly in each < a these centers, and there is a demor i, st rat ion, as each warrior departs ft e the front every whit as enthusiast) e and even more plclures<iuc than thedt e nurture of the selectmen from th n town and cities of the States. Tt a Carlisle Indian School has a servic flag dotted with stars, Haskell Inst e tute in Kansas is constantly adding 1 its stars, and so on through all tli g schools of the country. The first Indian killed with the Cs - nadinn forces was Lieutenant Camerc - Brant, of the Six Nations, a line - descendant of Joseph Brant, Ihe India d genius who fought with the Brltoi y in our revolution, thereby wiping on - a score that reached back more than s century and a quarter. The first Amei . lean Indian to die with the America y expeditionary forces was John Peter o a Menominee Indian, serving with tt First Engineers. All of them ai d imbued with the spirit of the India ti'hci uhon nakeri hnw hp liked arm e life in one of our cantonment*, accorc i- ing to the story told by President Wi e son himself, answered: "Too mu< n salute, not enough shoot." The Indians have subscribed moi - than $13,000,000 in three Liberi II Loans, a per capita subscription of b< - tween $30 and $40. A school at Pho< >f nix, Ariz., sent sixty-two men Into tl i- army, raised $27,000 for Liberty Bon< f, and $126S.50 for war-se.ving stamp The Osagcs. richest of the tribes, toe d $226,000 of the last loan. Otis Ru - sell, an Indian noncommissioned o - fleer In the 368th Infantry of Can; 1- Travis draws an Income of $600 o month In interest on his oil lands ar turns it all into Liberty bonds. LIMPSE OF FRANCE 1^ y> M yftAmerican liner, American soldiers are ha Blr chivalrous ally, Franca. . In every war activity the Indian i writing his name large in the affair w the world. Ited inan and white mai . ?Ug In the common cnuae?are al le Ind ans together. ot *: ? ? in INDIA IN WAR TIME. ra . id Loyalty of Its People Cannot Be 1*8 Doubted. This Is "Indian day" In Great Brit a tiln, and all over the United Kingdori ?d E^nglishmen, Irishmen. Scotchmen ant in Velahmen are paying tribute to thi s. dmky-hued Aryans, who for four yean is PMt have gone forth from souther) tn dfrta to Join forces with the Allies li tn tftn struggle against Prusslanlsm of There has been unrest in India, evet ca to the extent of conspiracy, but at n< re time since the beginning of the war id has anything occurred to enst doub 1. ok the overwhelming loyalty of iti ,e people to the great cause. Hostllitle os had scarcely more than opened befon the native princes came forward witl of 'half contributions of men. money an< id supplies; by September, 1914 $5,000, in had been given and pledged am ly 70,000 troops were as good as on thi ie wajr to the western front. ie Successive expeditionary armies hnv< ir followed this first, addition to the mat in pgwer of the Allies, and tl>e latest In f&lment of $500,000 men Is now be j. fnf got together for dispatch oversea ^ Reports show that the whole countr; ,1 the- need of winning thi jf war; so eager are the native soldiers foi r. a share of the fighting that when de lays of transportation occur they "have to lie placated with all manner o h diplomatic apologies." Wherever placet .t the Indians have proved themselvei n "horn soldiers," first tried on the flriw line In France, they ha\f also showi u their efficiency on the other batth fronts. It is to these men that thi British are today paying their "deb h of gratitude" in the form of contrlbu I Hons to a fund which will be devotee to providing tho Indians with "com forts, rest huts and labor battalions.' n Simultanec usly the British Govern ment Is navlng Its own debt In large; :s - a measure bv working strenuously on the Montagu plan for a new form of In d dlan self-government- The schenu l does not satisfy everybody in a country of 315,000,000 people, speaking four teen languages and 150 dialects, whlcl Aga Khun, the Mohammedan leader recently called "a confusing Jumbli of rai'es. religions and castes." Rn 10 p the diseussions to which it is givinf rise serve to bring out one fact mor? clearly than ewr?that India is stil lS solidly behind flreat Britain ant |e the Allies, and that no differences o opinion between native radicals ant conservatives will ever sh'-ke thei fundamental allegiance. Here Is t 10 union for the war which surely fore casts final union on a policy witich li sooner or later to have its fruition it Indian home rule. it ._ , m , n Congress will prove to the country lp that politics has not adjourned by tak lng a recess of three days at a time ie starting this week and continuing un ie til after the November elections. FIRST HONOR MONUMENT >e The first Honor monument to b is erected In the United States was ur >s- vetted at Ashland, Mass. On a tabic >k of granite, surmounted by an eagl - perched on a ball of granite, are ii t- scribed the names of those from thl ip place who are fighting for the colon a Hie dtlxens of the city subscribed th id amount paid for the monument an Mi erection. THE BR1EY IRON MINES Where Germany Gets the Metal to Wage War. i SIX-SEVENTHS OF ITS WHOLE SUPPLY | When the American* Capture Metz, the Enemey Will Be Reduced to Sore Straits for Iron Ore. | Whether the learned cabinet strateI gists who light the war by pins and | tape on a map admit it or not, the | erasure of the St. Mihiel aalie.it secm[ td to point the way directly to the j early investiture and downfall of Metz. Nobody belittles the objective. 1 Sir.ee Metz fell to Germany, October, j 27, 1870, Germany has spent time and > money and human labor as lavishly as she now spends blood to create a system r of impregnable defenses for the city * on the Moselle, wnicn is now unaer ? the Thor hammers of our guns. 0 Since 1900 she hus constructed an a outer chain of defenses centered on 8 the Clravelotte battleground, seven 0 miles west of Metz. Here on August 0 IS, 1S70 the principal battle of the ^ Franco-German war was fought. ^ Marshal Bazaine from that battle fell n V back on Metz. which he so soon after- c ward evacuated. On the north of Metz these modern 8 g defenses extend as fur as Diedenhofen, which is the German name for 8 Thlonville, twenty-two miles north of 1 Metz. The older fortifications of V I Thionville were destroyed In 1903 and tho ground was laid out in streetsThis place is the capital of the iron Is industry of L?orraine. Of course the reason why the long c arm of Germany's emplacements and it re-enforced concrete and giant guns _ reaches so far to the north of Metz is tl jj her profound conviction, based on ad- ri ] amantlne fact, as to the value of the J e Urley Iron basin, lying to leeward of e s these guns and fortifications. S 1 The Hrley Iron area Is about eight n miles wide and forty miles long. The h deposit is about sixty feet thick. The t< 1 ore contains i}6 per cent of Iron. A ,, Though this is not a very high percentage, the ore is plentiful and easy tl l to mine. a B The guns of Essen depend upon the ? iron of Briey, which is now six-sev- m p enths of Germany's whole supply. f 1 Xear I'ont-a-Mousson, on the Mo- P j selle, about fifteen miles from Metz, K . where the lines of the Allies until ^ lately crossed the river, the big guns t of the French have been awaiting ? tfeskt*. nhonno* anil nfttV it lonU'H ftfl t* p though they had it. Moreo%*er the ' i Americans have immense guns of ? . their own. which are doing their share k . in reducing the bristling lnsqlence of " the Metz envtromcnt. y The present operations before Metz ri i in a twofoid -drive., Jrtm. Ahs*we?t and. 1' r from the south at once, point the dlf- ' . ference between the obsolete modes P of warfare of which Metz was for- Cl f inerly the target and the scientific P j hidcousness of war today. 0 , The Romans had connected Metz by ^ , military roads with Verdun, Strass- & , burg, Toul, Rhelms, Lyons, Caesar R ? called it one of the most important ? towns In Caul. Attila and his com- F t iwratively mild-mannered Huns plun- p< . derod it in the fifth century. f( j Rut even in the sixteenth century, ?l . when Francis, Duke of Guise, defend- T ed Metz against Charles V and his rf . 120,000 men, it had no fortifications p< r worth> of the name. m ? It is significant that it was on the aj , 19th of October 1552, that Charles V > invested the town. Under Charles's ,v ; primitive artillery fire the duko con- f' . tinued to build up the defenses. He , had virtually no artillery, and on the ; 29th of October he smuggled to King n } Henry of France, through the enemy's 'f I linos, this letter: ^ r "As I have a'-eady split four of the a ; seven pieces of artillery I have been w 1 firing I have decided after careful con- a 1 sideratlon to load them with half w f charges only. 11 1 "I shall use them to terrify by the r noise rather than by the effect. <l t "I shall also employ falconets and l' . other small pieces. P s "It is not my fault that the warning i was not given in good time, so that I T might have procured assistance." Of one of the cannon?a "culverin"? " / he complained that a foot and a half at v - the front end had hurst, hut "I have , had It sawn off and I shall still be c able to use It. I assure you, sire, the fault lay not In the overloading. These guns were so badly cast that " they will "not endure even the small- k est charge." a With this artillery "for noise only" ^ | the duke still boldly Insisted that he ! could hold out for ten months, and he 1 wrote letters In all directions (though how he got them -through is a mys- v tery) begging everybody he knew to 11 help him. '' in the meantime he stuffed the v breaches in the walls with sacks of earth, the women aiding; killed the horses and salted them and went from " post to post slapping his men on the t back and bidding them to be of good n courage. e Charles V became so angry at the h ill success of his demoralized troops t that he took to his bed in a high fe- > ver. ^ He withdrew in the depths of de- ' spondency December 26. 1552, after f the loss of JO,000 men. r The Duke of Guise pounced down " upon the camp and found cemeteries, ^ groaning sick men and some frozen z to the knees in mires. "As If by magic the French forgot * their own sufferings, the dangers they had Just escaped, the mental ardor <' which had animated them, and " thought of nothing but how to succor r these unfortunate Germans, thus ab-ja andoned with their feet in the snow, 6 administering all necessaries and I I such comforts as poor sick roreigners ' want" * It Is possible that the Germans, t who are supposed to be great histor- I e ians, have forgotten this page of his- I h tory ? r t Marshal Bazaine muddled things t e dreadfully at Met* in 1870. He | r I- brought to the defense the devious and t a predatory hafcit of a -successful leads, er of guerrillas?which was not the ree quisite quality. He was too cautious, t d Smallpox and other diseases were I rife during a period of inaction and 1 ieclston while the forces of Baxaine. iefeated at Gravelotte, were "recup?rajlng?' within the unfinished fortifl- ' rations. The capitulation after an nvestigation of fifty-four days is an vent that a Frenchman hates to re- c :all. The surrender involved 173.000 s nen with 6,000 officers. r Bazalne In 1873 was sentenced to s leath by a court-martial. The sen- v ence was commuted to imprisonment 1 or twenty years. Bazalne escaped n 1874 and made his way to Madrid. 1; vhere he died fourteen years later. ii In 1918 the situation is reversed. C t is the Germans who are in the tl tadel. The defenses are vastly more s brmidable than those that sheltered h he procrastination and incertitude p if Bazalne. The French and Ameri- e ans will not allow themselves to be I n launted by the nature of these de-1 enses. At Verdun, Forts Douaumont. Jn 'aux and the rest were soon reduced s 0 rubble by the big guns of the O.er- p nans, but the morale of the French fi roops?that morale on which Foch g ilaces his first reliance rather than n masonry and metal?held the Hun h t bay. Recent events do not go to n how that there is a similar invin- ti Utility of heart and soul on the part si f the Germans. They are fighting tl esperately. It is not likely that even e lerman Infantrymen can be fooled A nuch longer by the preposterous ex- h uses has Berlin seen fit to issue for he withdrawal from the St. Mihiel h alient. n . ? . rr PEOPLE OF BULGARIA. It Vho They Are and Something of Their P H istory. Who are the Bulgarians and what p 1 their history? The Balkan peninsula is divided raially Into five groups: Slavs, Alban- 01 ins, Greeks, Turks and Rumanians. " The Slavs in the Balkans constitute w he southern branch of the Slavonic " ice. and are themselves divided into ol ugo-Slavs (Serb-Croats and Slavon- '' s) and Bulgarians, who are not pure '' lav. " The Bulgars are first mentioned in istory as having lived in the steppes ' i the north of the Black sen in 4S2 ' i. D. U In the sixth and seventh centuries u hey expanded from eastern Russia ^ nd settled along the Danube. " Gradually the Bulgars became fused rith the Slavs, and so completely were hey submerged that beyond a few ,r ersonal names no traces of the Ian- % uoge of the Bulgars have survived. " T From the ninth century to the four?enth. except for periods when It was " nder Greek rule. Bulgaria maintain- a d Its independence as an empire. In 11 3?3 me Turns conquered ine country. ^ nd Bulgaria was the last of the Balan states to emancipate Itself from n he jtower of Constantinople. ^ In 1870 began the series of insuractions, some of them having a re-" S*9Ufc* JHe ? idependence of Bulgaria. In 1878 a rincipallty of Bulgaria was created. J Dmprlslng the northern portion of the ' resent nation, with Prince Alexander f Battcnhurg as ruler. In 1885 the lnahitants of Rumella, or southern Bui- ^ aria, proclaimed their union with ulgaria. The present ruler, who was Prince erdinand of Saxe-Coburg. was elect1 In 1886. He Is largely responsible >r the economic and material develpnitnt of the country in recent years, aklng advantage of the Young Turks' volution In 1908. Ferdinand proclaim- ?'( 1 the complete Independence of Bui- j irla and eastern Rumella under him 3 king or czar. Immediately Ferdinand cast about Im for worlds to conquer, and found fin reece and Serbia sympathetic toward le organization of a Balkan league >r a Joint campaign to wrest Macedoia and Albania from the Turks. This C( ague was organized in 1911 by Buiaria. Oroece, Serbia and Montenegro, nd It wasn't long before their armies ci ere at the doors of Constantinople, nd the sultan was crying for peace. ^ hlch was signed at London. May 30. 913. Serbia and Bulgaria had agreed to d lvlde Macedonia between them, hut he peace conference created an Indeendent Albania, which altered mat- _ a ^rs and shut out Serbia from the sea. y 'Vm HIiHoInn of tho annl1? wns lpft to .... .... he czar of Russia for arbitration, but h!le he was considering It, Bulgaria, rithout warning, attacked Serbia, and h he second Balkan war of 1913 was on. Ireece and Rumania Joined with Seria in war against their former ally. J( Austria Is credited with having deborately forced the second war to w cop the Balkans in a state of turmoil a nd further her own ends. But the e Eulgarians were decisively beaten and peace treaty was signed August 10. 913. || For a time it was thought the Balkan ( i-ar cloud had been permanently diselled, but Austria's attack on Serbia i 1914. which brought on the worldrar. is now a matter of history. w ' ' t( British airmen, during the last three n rtonths, have wrought heavy damage o military objectives In western Ger- n iany and enforced withdrawal of sev- ^ ral enemy air squadrons from the <j iattle front In a vain effort to protect n ho raided territory, the British bu- c eau of information announced in New h fork Friday. A 250-mlle belt of the n thine valley, In which are located the irincipal German war industries and ailway systems vital to maintenance c f the Teuton lines in France, has a >eca brought definitely into the war one, the statement said. Fliers of the h ndependent air force have raided en- p my territory 249 times and dropped n 47 tons of bombs on strategic points, iside from destroying or damaging p nunition and poison-gas factories, ti ailways and trains, it was stated, the c ttacks have had a wide-spread moral ffect demonstrated at dozens of pub- ii ic meetings in the Rhine towns de- o nandlng cessation of aerial warfare. t< in hit way 11 viii vvivtuc w u?u?iif i n he British review stated. the aviator* a lave conducted successful raids, des- g lite heavy concentrations of enemy t< oachlnea. In September alone tweny-one German industrial towns were aided and more than 100 tons of t! tombs dropped on them- e . - . 0 More than 75,000 persons attended L he funeral of the late Archbishop Ire- b and of the Catholic church, at St a 'aul, Minn., last Wednesday. ' % AN EYE FOR AN EYE. vary Belgian Town Destroyed Will Mean a German Town Destroyed. Germany lias begun the evacuation if Belgium. Official Information howing the preparatory moves aleady under way was received by the tate department lust Thursday. It tas made public by Secretary of State rinsing. The retirement, it Is believed, shorts' may include the German forces now 11 northern France. So desperate is lermany's plight at the present time hat Washington officials would not be urprlsed to see a general retreat to the thine, coupled with another ponce lea from the new ministry which is xpected to be responsible to the fichstag. The information to the state departtent is to the effect that all rolling lock, hospitals, postoftlces and sap* lies nil ve uceii irunsiiTrru irum uic ourth army district In Belgium to the eneral government. In addition nil civilian authorities ave l>ecn recalled to Germany and Emulations pertaining to the marlme districts have been made most svere?an indication, officials assume, hat measures have been taken to vacuate the submarine bases. At .ntwerp the naval staff, commanded y Gobenschen. is preparing to leave. All German reserves In Belgium ave been ordered to the front, aparently to assist in the transfer of lunitlons, food and material to points t the rear. Each of the above incidents sh..w reparations for a retreat on a grand rale. It ts said, and all of Belgium ts xpected to be back in the hands of he Allies before snow falls. In this connection, the Allies, It brame known Thursday, already have ?ken precautions to provide against a holosale despoliation of Belgium and hat part of France now in the hands f the enemy. A note, which in realy amounts to an ultimatum. Is being repared for transmission to Germany, t says, in short, that if the Germans urn or destroy any more cities of ranee or Belgium, or raze orchards, hey may expect the same treatment oin the Allies. The I'nited States. It as admitted at the state department, as been asked to become a party to le mow. This action means that the Rhine Ities would undergo the same treatlent that the unfortunate towns and Hinges In the occupied regions have reived at the hands of the Germans, he destruction of Cambrat is said to e the reason for the consideration of n ultimatum. Reports said the enmy systematically applied the torch iroughout the entire city, which Is so eh In historical memories and left it mass of flames and smoke. If Germany heeds the warning of tho llles the cittes of Bruges, Ghent, russets, Antwerp and Ch&rlefoi, all i t?Hhar wtth LMta. Char-. iviTT^^St Xmand and ^Roubafv, fn ~ ? ranee, will be spared from the ravaps of a retreating: foe. THE DRUG EVIL. : Is Now the Object of Nation-Wids Fight. I'lans are being formed by governtent officials to combat the drug hab. which is rapidly increasing because the elimination of alcoholic drinks, ecretary McAdoo appointed last Janary a committee composed of exert investigators and scientists to tudy the entire subject of drug adlets. Representative Henry T. Raley of Illinois, chairman of the comlittee, charges that opium, heroin and lorphinc are being smuggled in in rent quantities by stokers on trooplips. In the near future, within a week or n days perhaps, the report of the mimittee named by Mr. McAdoo will i made and then some definite action ill be taken to curb the trade in narotics and cure the addicts. Mr. Rainey after a careful study of andlttons throughout the country, lakes these allegations: First?That there are 1.500.000 adicts in the nation. 200.000 of whom re in New York city. Second?That there were 80,000 drug ddicts in the first draft, and thi.t oung men are becoming addicts toesape the draft. Third?That twenty-five physicians, ammissloned captains In the army. ave the drug habit. Troopships the Avenue. "Opium," said Mr Ralney, "Is being rought into this country, in violation f the law, by stokers on troopships, ho engage themselves as sailors with view to smuggling in narcotics. Aftr these men are hired they go aboard nd their baggage is not inspected or i-arched after the first day. The ship ib at the wharf and the drugs are rought in. We have evidence to suport this statement. Mr. Rainey declared that $2 worth f the stuff brought In, when mixed rith sugar and milk, brings from $10 0 $35, making a very profitable busless at small risk in war times. "It Is fair to assume that there arc tore than 1,500.000 drug addicts in the 'nited States. Eighty thousand ad lets were caught in the first draft, tost of them were turned down by amp doctors. Some who got through ave been sent home since they comicnced to train. Army Officsrs Accused. "I have a list of twenty-five physlians, commissioned as captains, who re addicts. "I have the name of one physician, im9elf an addict, who started to his ost'in France, with a large amount of arcotics to hand out to soldiers." The drug habit Is affecting the manower of the nation, and for that paricuiar reason the government will heck it The report of the McAdoo committee 1 awaited with interest by members f congress and others who keep in auch with the progress of prohibition, t Is believed the investigation sglll how that the use of narcotics has reatly increased in the "dry" ternary. Robbers who dynamited the safe in he First National bank at Cecil, Pa., arly Friday morning, overlooked $79,00 In the vault and eecaped with two Jberty bonds. It Is believed the reborn were frightened away by persons ttracted to the scene by the explolon.