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BY E. B. MUBB?Y & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 4, 1884. VOLUME XX.?NO. 8. OORWOfflENINTHE WAR. THE SACKIOF COLUMBIA. THE TORCH APPLIED TO HER HOMES. Mrs. S.A. Criiienden, of Greenville County, S. C.,tn Charleston Weekly News. The Federal army, ander Sherman, lay just on the other side of the Congaree.. and the-bombarding went on steadily, without, however, doing much damage. Hampton, with a feeble force, wan left in command of the.defence of the Capital, when Gen. Joseph E. Johnston withdrew towards North Carolina. To the women and children of that doomed city things began to look gloomy in the extreme. Many refugees who had come from Char? leston, and other parts of the low-country, resumed, their flight, seeking safety in the upper districts, nearer the mountains. Many residents of Columbia followed them ; in fact, nearly all who could get away fled, leaving their household goods (o the mercy of the in vadera. Shells and cannon balls have voices of singular persuasiveness to induce non-combatants to "move od," and not many willingly keep reserved seats to listen to their music. Never .shall I forget a little incident that occurred on Thursday afternoon before the occupation on Friday morning. I was promenading the front piazza, listening to the dull boom of the cannon ry as it came borne on the western breeze 'from across the river, feeling all the horrors of the situation, when my atten? tion was attracted to a ragged little darkey ?one of th'3 institutions of all Southern cities?as ho went whistling quite uncon? cernedly on the opposite side of the street Suddenly u bombshell came hurtling through the air, struck a limb just over his head, shivering it into a thousand pieces. Like lightning the little Arab rolled himself into ar: inconceivably small black ball, crouching against the fence, with scarcely anything visible but the whites of bis eyes, which he tamed in amazement towards the shattered limb. For one brief moment he lay there, then springing up he exclaimed in accents of the most abject terror, "Fore God, I thought be had me I" and fled like the wind. THB BELEAGUERED CITY. On Thursday night there was little sleep in the beleaguered city. I had dressed a day or two before for any emer? gency, and did not remove my dress for a week. , I had taken an apron of strong Scotch gingham's, doubled it up and run casings in it, and into. these casings stowed away important papers belonging to my husband, some money and a few articles of jewelry. This I wore as a bustle and was undisturbed in its. posses? sion. Others were not so fortunate. Many had their clothing torn off and their persons searched by the lawless soldiery and the mob who reaped such a harvest on that fearful night of February 17,1866. Ou Friday morning, while we were at breakfast," a sound of musketry'broke the ominous stillness, and we learned that the Yankees had crossed the river on pontoon bridges, 'and that the city was virtually in their hands. The mayor and some of the chief municipal officers had gone to Gen. Sherman's headquarters and .surrendered our beautiful Capital, and -received from him the comforting assu? rance that Columbia should be as safe1 as it had been under Mayor Good wyn's own administration. "Some of the public buildings, such as the Arsenal ana Armory, will have to be destroyed," said Sherman, "but I will select a calm day ior the purpose, and nothing else shall be injured. Go home and sleep in peace, Mr. Mayor; your city shall be safe." How well he kept this promise let Columbia's burning . homes, her desolate streets and her house? less, starving children tell. I hope but few of my readers know from experience what the sacking of a city is. I ? hope fewer still may ever know. Columbia had foes without and within, for though, the slave population had behaved well daring the war, it was but human nature when freedom came to them ao suddenly that they should receive it extravagantly, and go with outstretched arms to welcome their de . liverere. I heard of some of these delu? ded people who actually knelt in the street before the incoming troops, like the heathen throwing himself before the car of Juggernaut for the wheels to roll over him. Well, the wheels did roll over many of them. Of the thousands who left Georgia and the Carolinas to follow the fateful fortunes of the Yankee army few reached Virginia,-and fewer still returned to their old homes, which they sighed for wbea too late. A friend told me of one old mauma who was more fortunate than many of her compeers. On Tuesday, when the army was leaving with its motley train of camp followers, this old woman was seen seated in a stolen carriage, drawn by stolen horses, dressed in the enormous headgear of aristocratic, ante-bellum days, fanning herself?February though it was?with a huge palmetto fan. My friend accosted her: "Hallo 1 Aunt Sallie; where are you ?oing?" "La honey, I'a gwine back inter de Union !" with a complacent and patron? izing nod of her sable head. THE CITY IN FLAMES. No pen can adequately depict the hor? rors of thebnrningof Columbia. Every hearthstone was an altar on which the Yankees sacrificed to their gods?Ven? geance and Hatred?and every blazing roof-tree will be a burning record against their wanton cruelty in the day of Snal count. All day the storm had been gathering. Here and there some out? rageous act gare a foretaste of what was in store for the "Rebs" between the set? ting and rising of the sun. Mr. B., among other merchants, bad struggled hard to protect his property through the day; but his store had repeatedly been broken open, aud Yan? kees, negroes, and, oh shame, some Southern whites, had plundered it at will. Seeing how useless it was to con? tend for order among the disorderly, and for law among the lawless, he abandoned everything and came home, where we waited, in a treacheoas calm, the unfold? ing of events. About. 10 o'clock p. m. the signal rockets began to go up, and soon the in? cendiary fires blazed out. I was told that squads of drunken soldiers, followed by a rabble of drunken and excited negroes, paraded the principal thoroughfares, entering about every fourth house with torch aud oil, and soon had blocks and whole streets one mass of living flame, j We stood in the observatory and saw these fires?tl "se tokens of a nation's shame and sin- >ind!e, one by one, along the horizon's verge. Soon they flashed out of tbe darkness, nearer and nearer, rose higher and higher, spread wider and wider, until nearly the whole city became one seething sea of billowy fire. My husband, being Northern born, though strongly Southern in feeling, many persons thought his home would be spared, therefore the house was packed I from basement to the attic with the furniture of onr neighbors sent hither for protection; but, alas! the Demon of Destruction was no respecter of persons or property, and at 2 o'clock in the morning I took a little bird in its cage, which I could not bear to leave to the flames, in one band and my little child's hand in the other, and walked out from under our burning roof into the cold and pitiless street. Hundreds, nay thousands, were there before me; some not so well off as I, for they were invalids. None of us had any pillow but the frozen ground, nor any covering but the burning heav eus. The terrified lowing of cattle, the frenzied flight of pigeons circling high above their blazing cotes, the ribald jests and brutal assaults of our drunken con? querors, the duo clouds of despair rolling between us and the pitying eye of God, made np a picture whose counterpart can be found only in the regions of the eternally lost. A Federal officer said to me next day : "I knew when General Sherman sent for the seventeenth (Logan's) army corps, that he had black work for it to do." "vje vicars." On Saturday morning we took refuge ?vith some kind friends in the suburbs whose house had been overlooked rather than spared, and not until Sunday did we venture back to look at the ruins of our once beautiful home. Oh I the utter, utter desolation of a city in ashes and its people wanderers I Even the very landmarks were lost, and you stood a stranger on your own threshold. Nothing was left but the smokeless chimneys, keeping ward over j the widespread ruin. Hundreds of Yankees, with ramrods and bayonets, were proddliog the still smoking soil in quest of buried treasure, j On Tuesday morning the blue lines formed and the invaders left Columbia? a city once a synonym of all that was beautiful and elegant?a heap of ruins; her living homeless and scattered, her dead insulted and desecrated. To me the curse of the broken-hearted sounded above their steady tramp and martial j mupic. Confusion and terror went before j them and want and despair hovered in their rear. Voz Vict? may not have been inscribed on their banners, but it was written in characters of blood and living fire on the hearts and homes of a con? quered people. I remember going, a few Sabbaths after the destruction of the city, to hear one of our ministers. He was one who bad been personally abused by the Vandal horde in their mad riot on that fatal night, and a just and holy indignation still burned in his clerical bosom. "My friends," said he, warning in his discourse, "Let us be faithful in following our Divine Master until we come to the New Jerusalem, the golden city, not a desolate place like this, but ever bright and fair, and I assure you, my friends, there will be no villanous Yankees there." Then remembering that he was pledged to preach a doctrine of forgiveness, he added reluctantly and doubtfully, "Un? less they have entirely new hearts." I could not refrain from adding a men tal amen to this sentiment. Necessity is said to be the mother of invention. If this be true Columbians should have been the most inventive people on the face of the earth during that spring of eighteen hundred and sixty-five, for their needs were certainly great. Left without shelter, clothing or food, and with no means to obtain either, their condition was indeed deplorable. I heard of many persons sustaining life for several -days upon the corn picked up around the feeding troughs of the Yan? kees' horses. A lady whom I had known in her days of prosperity came to me, with the tears streaming down her cheeks and said : "If you have anything divide with me ?my little children are at home crying for bread." Alas, I was but little better off. LOYAL AND NOBLE NEGROES. To the eternal honor of the negroes be it spoken, that many of them aided and sustained their former owners ia these trying times, with a devotion as surpris? ing as it was noble. One old fellow orought a store of pro? visions and laid it before his former master, saying: "Massa, it nearly breaks my heart to see you in dis old shanty, but it would break entirely to know you were hungry and couldn't get nothing to eat." "But, Peter, my good fellow," returned his master, "I cannot take these things from you and leave you and your children to starve," "No danger of dat. Petet's used to helpin hisself, and dat, massa, you never could do, you nor ole miss neither. "Peter," said the master with a sus? picious moisture about bis eyes, "we have fallen upon evil days; but, perhaps, I might live to repay you." " You's done dat already, massa; you's took care of Peter a good many years, and I's sure it's his time to take care of you and ole miss." All honor to Peter; and to all, who like him, did not forget? "The tender grace of a day that is dead." . My friend, Mrs. H., with whom we had taken refuge, had some negroes left in her charge by a relative who bad fled from the city. It became a serious ques? tion bow they should be fed, as she did not care to drive them away, and they showed no disposition to leave. "I'll tell you what I will do," said she, "I will go to Sherman and demand food for them. Will you go with ras?" "Although a disagreeable mission, I did not like to refuse, so witb a few other ladies, who, like myself, were refugees, we eet out to find Gen. Sherman's head? quarters. I believe they were in the old Meyers bouse; at least, we found them without difficulty, witb a sentinel pacing up and down in front of the gate. "Where is General Sherman ?" asked Mrs. H. "He is not here," replied the sentinel. "Where is he, then ?" impatiently. "I don't know," indifferently. "When will he be here?" "I don't know." Turning at the end of his beat he saw Sherman coming around the corner. "Thatis General Sherman," indicating the approaching figure. Mrs. H., with characteristic impetuosi? ty, rushed towards the General exclaim? ing: "General Sherman, what is to become of these people?" pointing to the negroes who had accompanied her. "I really do not know," he replied, with an amused twinkle in the eyes that travelled from her face to the stolid dar? keys. "Are they to starve?" she exclaimed. "I hope not," he replied composedly. "But they will," she cried excitedly, "if you don't give them something to eat; and it is your duty to do it," she contin? ued, disposed to read the Geueral a homily. "You don't make war on them. You say you are their friend. They have nothing to eat and will starre unless you feed them. General Sherman,, will you let them starve?" "My friend," said he, going to her and patting her on the shoulder, "my friend, don't get excited. Be calm." I forget whether he promised to provide for her dependants or not, but all the provisions they, or any one else, did get from the Governmeut; was a very small portion of b^ef from some poor con? demned cattle which were left in the city park when the Yankees took their final flitting. A SHAMEFUL OUTEAGE. Here let me give you an incident that occurred in our sister "State of North Carolina. A surgeon-dentist, a man of position, ability and unquestioned integ? rity, lived within that broad swathe of: desolation cut by the Federal army in its victorious march. He afterwards came to Columbia and from him I heard an account of the shameful outrage. Years had passed and Columbia, rising from her sackcloth and ashes, had cloth? ed herself anew in the beautiful and strong garments of energy and enterprise. We bad accepted our trials as a part of the fortunes of war, and were disposed to forgive if not to forget. Conversing one day with Dr. G., our dentist, he expn^sed an undying hatred for the men who had caused him so much grief. "If anybody," said he, "hates the wretches who followed Sherman's army more than I do, it is because his capacity for hating is greater than mine. This is stroDg language, but I am justified in using it. When Sherman's army passed through my place in North Carolina, some of his camp-followers, in their greedy search for treasure, entered the graveyard, dug up my dead children, opened their coffins, and left their bodies exposed to birds and beast, less vile than they. Tell me to forgive them? Never! My outraged dead, with their mute lips, cry out against it 1 The desecration of all the nameless bones of my country? men, left to bleach on our hillsides and valleys, forbid it. Every instinct of my manhood is hatred towards those human jackals." Deaf, Dumb and Blind. Julia Brace, who died at Bloomfield on Tuesday, ha3 been known alTover the country, and iudeed, wherever attention has been paid to the education of deaf mutes. She was bom in what is now Newington in 1806. When about 5 years old she lost her sight and bearing from nickness, and as nothing was then known of the possibility, of retaining the facul? ty of speech in such cases she soon became a blind deaf mute. At this time there was no school for deaf mutes. The American Asylum was founded when she was 11 or 12 years old, but she did not enter it untill 1825, when she was 19 years old. There she remained until within twenty or twenty five years, when she removed to live with a sister at Bloomfield. Her case attracted particu? lar attention on account of its connection with the earlier days of the American Asylum, when it was still a new thing ana one as to which there was much curiosity and some incredulity. Visitors who were astonished to see this womau, deprived of three senses and yet able to understand much that was addressed to her and communicate with those among whom she lived. Almost all the older residents of asylum hill remember her well, and have.tbemselves seen what she could do. She could distinguish the clothes belonging to different pupils, and was employed in sorting them and put? ting them away. In many ways she could render much service in the daily work of the institution. She had a good many curious and amusing ways. For instance, it is told that when the girl pupils were dressing in the morning and took turns before the glass to dress their hair, and always insisted on having her turn and would stand there to put up her bair like any one else. No other place would answer the pur? pose, though it could, of course make no difference whether she was before the glass or in the darkest corner of a closet. Like many other blind people she used her tongue to thread a needle, and did it promptly and accurately. Probably because her education began late, and yet at a time when much less was known than now as to the proper way to proceed or as to the possibilities that exist, she never made much progress in language. It was, however, easy to communicate with her as to all the common events of her daily life, and she received hosts of visitors, who were always impressed with her very remarkable development of faculties that were so hampered by phy? sical defects. Her case was not to be compared with that of Laury Bridgeman. She had none of the early, assidious, special care that was given to the latter, and propably a much less acute mental constitution at the outset. In certain ways, however, what she learned to do was, perhaps, as remarka? ble. It was in the direction of the or? dinary duties of a household, rather than in the more strictly intellectual training. Personally, she was a little "queer," but no more than hosts of other people, especially such as live much alone. One thing was noticeable. She had a very clear notion of her own rights and did not allow any interference with them. Sometimes Ler idea of a personal right was a little out of the common course, but she had no question about it, and probably could not see how any one should have. Since she left the asylum comparatively little has been known of her except among those near ber and some of the older persons connected with the asylum.?Hartford [Conn.) Covrani. Freight Car Couplers. Connecticut has the honor of being the first Stale to enact a law requiring railroad companies to use safety-couplers on freight cars. Massachusetts joined her in this humane movement and the probability is that the necessary legisla? tion will be passed in the near future by several other States. Governor Foster, of Ohio, in bis message to the sixty-sixth assembly Baid: "Upon these railroads there have been killed during the past year 372 and injured 954 persons. Of those injured 656 were employees; of these employees that were injured 346 or 55 per cent, and the 17 were killed were in the act of coupling cars. There are 2,630 brakemen in Ohio. From this it appears that one brakemai: in every eight suffers yearly by personal injury while in the act of coupling cars, and raaDy others8Uffer death." This great suffering by this class of bold and hardy laborers urges upon the railway management the great necessity of securing some means for their alleviation. ? TheOrangehurg Times and Democrat learns from reliable farmers in that county that the cotton is failing rapidly, and that the prospect is not near so good as it was a few weeks ago. ? Ex-Gov. St. John, the prohibition candidate, says be expects to get at least 30,000 votes in the State of New York. He thinks he will poll a very large vote in Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Illinois and Nebraska. In the North he thinks the.prohibitiou vote will be drawn prin? cipally from the republicans, and will make the result doubtful in some of the republican States. IN FOREIGN LANDS. Correqwndence of the Intelligencer. "And this is Rome, that sat on her seven hills And from her throne of beauty ruled the world." He who writes of Rome, assumes a task which requires volumes instead of columns, and years instead of hours in its completion; but in spite of this, we hope to be able even in the brief limits of a letter, to give our readers some idea of the Eternal City. Rome has had a wonderous history. From the time when the first fortress was built on the Palatine Hill by Romulus, more than two thousand sis hundred years ago, on through the regions of the kings, the stern rule of the republic, the glory of the Empire when its population was numbered by millions, its decline and fall, the centuries of ruin until during the wars of the Guelphs and Gbibellincs the number of its inhabitants was reduced to only about 20,000, as well as during the later regeneration of the city, it preseuts a history without a parallel among the nations. The Rome of to-day has a population of about 300,000 and occupies about one-half (the Northern portion) of the space enclosed by the Aurelian walls. As the capital of united Italy, however, it is a prosperous city and promises good things for the future. The river Tiber, a muddy, sluggish stream, winds through the city in a Southerly direction, dividing it in two unequal parts, by far the larger portion, including the Palatine, the Capitoline, the Esqui line, the Coelian, the Aventine, and the Quirins 1 hills being on the Eastern side, with the palace of the Vatican, St. Peters, the castle of St Angelo and the Janiculum hill on the Western bank. The principal street of modern Rome is the Corso, which extends from the Porta del Popolo on the North, in a Southerly direction through the heart of tho city to the foot of the Capitoline Hill. It is a well built street, lined witb shops, hotels, etc., and on fine afternoons is gay with its exhibition of modern Roman life and fashion. The great central point of interest in the city is the Roman Forum, located between the Capitoline Hill on the North and the Palatine Hill on the South and nearly in the centre of the ancient city. Its buildings were destroyed by Guiscard in the eleventh century and for four hundred years it was a waste and a receptacle for the rubbish of the city, until the entire space was filled to the depth of 24 feet and all kuowledge of the location and names of the ancient build? ings was lost. Since the fifteenth century, however, excavations have been carried on at intervals, until the entire Forum as well as many of the adjoining buildings have been uncovered. This little paral? lelogram, less than a thousand feet in length and about four hundred feet wide possesses more of interest than any simi? lar spot in Europe-. At the Northwest? ern end where on the slope of the Capi? toline Hill now stands the palace of the Senator, the Tabulurium or Hall of Records was formerly located. In front rise three white marble columns, marking the site of the temple of Vespasian. A little farther on, to the right, eight granite columns standing on a base sixteen feet high are all that remain of the magnifi? cent temple of Saturn, built long before the Christian era. On the left is the mas? sive arch of Septimius Severus, its fine proportion and imposing solidity almost frowning on the ruin around. Between the arch and the Tabularium stood the Temple of Concord and Senatorial Hall, where Cicero couvened the Senate and with his terrible eloquence denounced the conspiracy of Cataline. Farther on the foundations of tiie Bascilica Julia are seen, with the column ofPhocasin front, the "nameless column with a buried base," mentioned by Byron. Beyond the basilica, thr 3 marble columns of the temple of Castor and Pollux are still standing and directly opposite are the ruins of the temple of Julius C?3ar Dei? fied, built upon thes pot where Antony delivered his memorable oration and where Caesar's body was burned. At dif? ferent points through the forum the pave? ment of tho Via Sacra, which descended from the Capitoline Hill and passed on beneath the arch of Titus to the Southern gaj.e of the city, still remaiu. Over the massive blocks of lava which form this "Sacred Way," have thundered the chariots of the Hornau generals as their legions poured forth to conquer the world. Returning along this route marched the victors in triumph, leading their captives in chains and bearing the rich spoils of their vanquished foes. All around are ruined temples and palaces, the relics of the ancient glories of this mighty city. Standing by the aide of the excavation and looking out over the shattered frag? ments of the past, it seems the open grave of a buried nation. The Palatine Hill, which adjoins the Forum on the South, was from the earli? est history of the city, the home of the aristocracy. Hero the Gracchi, Marius, Cicero, Marc Antony and many others had their residences and here were the palaces of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian and Seplimiu* Severus. In the later years of the empire, the entire hill became covered with the pal? aces of the Ctesara, and the ruins, which have been uncovered within the past forty years, give unmistakable evidence of the magnificence of the original struc? ture. A short distance Southeast of the Forum, the arch of Titus spans the Via Sacra, bearing on its inside walls the famous has reliefs representing Titus in a triumphal procession with the Jewish captives bearing the rich spoils of the temple at Jerusalem, among which may be seen the golden candlesticks, the silver trumpets and the golden table. A little farther on rise the majestic ruins of the Coliseum. This wonderful structure, built by Vespasian and Titus early in the Christian era was the largest building of its kind ever erected and would accom? modate nearly one hundred thousand spectators. The sent? rose in receding tiers, so as to afford all a good view of the vast arena, in which men as well as beasts wero "butchered to make a Roman holiday." The height of the massive oblong pile was nearly 200 feet ; and although it was for years used as a quarry, several of the comparatively modern pal? aces of Rome being built of the material obtained here, it is still by fur the most imposing ruiu of the city. Its solidity gave rise to the familiar saying, "While stands the Coliseum Rome shall stand ; When falls the Coliseum Romeshall fall; And when Rome falls?tho world." The Capitoline Hill, at the Northern end of the Forum and at the Southern end of the Corso, is reached from the North by a long flight of steps ascending from the small piazza of Ara Cceli. The slope next the Forum is occupied by tho Palace of the Senator. On the right, where the Temple of Jupiter formerly stood, is the Palace of the Conservators, containing a valuable collection of pic? tures and antique bronzes, among the latter what is supposed to be the Capitol ine Wolf mentioned by Cicero. Just beyond this palace is the famous Tarpean Rock. Opposite the Palace of the Con? servators, and facing it, is the Capitoline Museum, containing an extensive collec? tion of sculptures, including the Dying Gladiator, the Faun of Praxiteles, which was the subject of Hawthorne's "Marble Faun," the Venus of the Capitol and many other celebrated works. The open space between the Museum and the Pal ace contains the famous equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, while on either side of the grand staircase are the statues of Castor and Pollux. Among the churches of Rome, St. Peter's of course holds the first place. It stands on the West side of the Tiber, a short distance from the castle of St. ?Dgelo, and on the site of the circus of Nero where many Christians were mar? tyred and where St. Peter is said to have been buried after his crucifixion. The present building was commenced in 1506 by Pope Julius II but was not dedicated until more than a centt -y later. The ex? pense of the work was so great (the cost of the main building alone being esti? mated at fifty millions of dollars) that the Popes resorted to the sale of indul? gences to raise funds; thus precipitating at least the opposition which led to the Reformation. The approach to St. Peter's is through a large open space with a vast semi-circular quadruple colonnade on either side containing hun? dreds of massive pillars. In the centre, surrounded by fountains, is the obelisk brought from Heliopolis to Rome by the Emperor Caligula. It is the only obelisk in Rome which has never been over thrown. The building itself is more than 600 feet in length and about 400 feet in width at the transept. The great gilded arch of the nave is supported by double pillars on each side and rises 150 feet above the pavement. The dome, 140 feet in diameter and 350 feet high on the inside, is supported by four massive piers in which are niches containing statues 16 feet high. Beneath the dome is the reputed tomb of St. Peter, covered by a bronze canopy 95 feet in height, sup? ported by four twisted bronze columns, the whole weighing 58 tons. A'l around are numerous chapels and tombs with many sepulchral monuments and memo? rial tablets. From the Bummit of the dome a fine view of the city can be ob tained and those who wish can ascend to the ball at the foot of the cross, which rises 450 feet above the pavement below. In spite of' its immense size there is an apparent lack of magnitude in St. Peter's which can only be accounted for by the fact that its surroundings and its entire plan are on so grand a scale that one's standards of measurement are of unusual proportions. As some writer says, "The angels in the Baptistery are enormous giants; the doves colossal birds of prey." Some idea of the vastuess of St. Peter's may be obtained from the fact that its ground plan is twice as large as that of St. Paul's in London, while its cubic contents are three times as great as the latter edifice. Adjoining St. Peter's on the North is the Vatican Palace, which for centuries has been the residence of the Popes. It is an immense pile of buildings, contain? ing twenty courts and over 11,000 rooms, balls aud chapels. Within its walls are the Sistine Chapel, containing the world renowned frescoes of Michael Angelo ; the Stanze and Loggie of Raphajl; the Picture Gallery and the Gallery of Sculp? tures, comprising one of the most exten? sive and valuable art collections in the world. The only building of ancient Rome not in ruins is the Pantheon, a circular struc ture located between the Corso aud the Tiber. It was built by Agrippa, 27 years before Christ, and was consecrated us a Christian church early in the seventh century. It is lighted only from a circu lar opening in the dome, which is the largest in the world, being 143 feet in diameter. Within the chapels are the tombs of many famous artists, as well as that of Victor Emanuel, the late king of Italy. Next in interest to St. Peter's and tak? ing precedence of it in ecclesiastical rank is the Church of St. John Lateran, located in the Southeastern part of the city, near the walls. This is the church of the Pope as Bishop of Rome and here his coronation takes place. For a thou? sand years previous to the occupation of the Vatican the palace adjoining this church was the residence of the Popes. Near by in a small building is the Scala Santa, a flight of 28 marble steps, said to be those ascended by Christ when entering the Judgment Hall, in Jerusalem. They are . .ldosed and no one is permitted to pass up but on their knees. At the time of our visit several devotees were toiling wearily up the ascent. It was midway up these stairs that Luther, recalling the words, "the just shall live by faith," suddenly arose to his feet and descended. South of the city, about a mile beyond the walls is the church of St. Paul, built ou the traditionary burial place of the great apostle to the gentiles. .The exte? rior is exceedingly plain, but nothing can surpass the magnificence and richness of the interior. On each side of the nave is a double row of columns of great beauty and the entire interior is decorated with fine marbles and mosaics. The canopy over the high altar is supported by columns of Oriental alabaster with pedes? tals of malachite, and the same costly ornamentation abounds throughout the building. The catacombs of Rome are among the most interesting features of that wonder? ful city. They are not as is usually sup? posed directly under the city, but are scattered without the walls on all sides. These vast subteranean charnel bouses were originally quarries but in later years were used as burial places. The passages are usually from seven to eight feet in height and four or five feet wide, the chambers of the dead being in tiers at the sides. Many of them are now vacant, but others still contain their ghastly de? posits, while here aud there a grinning skull or some other fragment is all that remains of the skeleton. The catacombs of St. Calixtus on the Appian Way were visited by us and are of especial interest as containing the tomb? if sev? eral of the early popes, as well as about 170,000 persons of more lowly rank. Throughout the city are many places pointed out by tradition as cunuected with incidents in the lives of Peter and Paul. The Mamertine prison, built 640 years before Christ, near the Arch of Septimius Severus, is well identified and was undoubtedly the scene of many trag? edies related by historians. The pillar is still shown to which Peter and Paul were chained and also the spring which burst forth miraculously to enable Peter to baptize his jailors. The spring, how? ever, is unfortunately mentioned by Plu? tarch as existing more than a century before. The prison consisted of two cells cut out of the solid rock, one above the other, with an opening at the top through which the condemned were let down. In the "Ghetto," or Jews' quarter, is pointed out the "hired house" occupied by Paul during the three years of his stay in Rome. It is now occupied by a bakery. But the extent to which this letter has already grown compels us to pass on with scarcely a mention of the famous 1 Trajan's Column; the ancient Theatre of Marcellus; the Temple of Vesta, near the bridge so bravely defended by Hora tius ; the Cloaca Maxima or great sewer, built nearly 2,500 years ago and still in perfect repair; the ancient aqueducts which crossed the plains about the city on series of arches miles in length ; the modern fountains, which furnish an abundant supply of pure water; the ruins of the Baths of Caracal la, which contained accommodations for over 1,600 bathers at a time; the ancient churches of Santa Maria Maggiore, Santa Croce, St. Cecilia and many others; the Bor gbese, the Barberini, the Rospigliosi and other palaces, with their almost invalua? ble art collections, as well as many places of minor importance. As we wander about the Btreets of this city that once ruled the world, and view the ruins of its ancient magnificence, our admiration for the ability and power of those grand old Romans who once trod its streets increases, and our contempt for the degenerate race which now occu? pies this fair land develops in proportion, j Whether it will ever regain its former I magnitude or realize the hopes and tradi? tions of its founders and prove an "Eter? nal City," we cannot tell. Its past belongs to history. Its future is with God. Traveler. A Cise Without a Parallel. Fort Plain, N. Y., August 21.? Miss Kate Smulsy, who has gone without food for 163 days, was very low to-night, but is still conscious and talks. Miss Smulsy was a dress-maker, and when able to work had plenty to do. She is 20 years of age, and was naturally bright and intelligent. Two years ago last July she was taken ill, and was compelled to remain in bed. She improved somewhat, and was able to be about, but in October was compelled again to take her bed, and has never since been able to leave it. The first approach of the disease was trembling and shaking of the right band, followed by involuntary motion of the right leg and foot. At length her head had a sidewise movement to the right. The doctors diagnosed the case as St. Vitua's dance. The usual remedies were applied, but with no benefit to the pati? ent. She grew worse, and the motions, at first confined to the limbs on one side, seized her whole body. The motion was first perpendicular, and like that of a person sawing wood, only not so violent, fn time, to this motiou was added one partly rolling, and the two were com? bined. Lately the motion has been rolling only. She rolls constantly, mov? ing her entire body from side to side with the regularity of a pendulum at the rate of fifty per minute. This motion is perpetual for twenty-two or twei ' .?-three hours out of the twenty-four, . nd is wholly involuntary. For an hour or more?never over two?in the night she sleeps from sheer exhaustion, but is awakened by the slightest noise. The moment that she wakens the ceaseless rolling begins, to stop only when, worn out, she again sinks to rest. Some thought the constant moving was voluntary. One physician sat by her -tide for three hours, duriug which time there was not the slightest diminution of ihe rolling. Another physician said he could stop it if be wished, and, seizing her by the shoulders, held her tightly a few minutes, but the instant he released his hold her body resumed its motion. She feels the result of this treatment yet, and says that there is not a spot on her person that is not sore. The weight of a pin is actually painful and cannot be endured. Her arms are larger and hard? er than one would expect for a young woman of her size in perfect health. To the touch they indicate strong muscles. In fact, all the muscles of her body are well developed. This is accounted for by the constant motion of her body, which keeps them in exercise. Another re? markable thing about it is that she has not on her person any bed sores. In? most cases where persons are confined to their bed for a long period sores show themselves and become very troublesome. In her case, though she has not left her bed since a year ago last October, there is none. Since January 1 she has not been able to raise her bead from the pil? low. About three months ago she began to have trouble witb her eyes, and a strong light was painful to her. She now lies in a dark room and wears blue glass? es. The color of tho glasses contrasts strongly with the pale, white face and snowy bedding. During the early part of her sickness she relished delicacies, and the neigh? bors sent in such little dishes as they thought would pleaso her. Her appetite was not ravenous, still ahf. ate as much as an invalid ordinarily would. At length solid food distressed her, and since March 11 she has not eaten a morsel. Foi some time she was able to drink either milk or water, and drank two or three glasses each day. After a time she could not drink milk, and water only was taken, and that in small quantities'. At length she could not drink even water. One day she drank a glass of water and was seized with convulsions, and for two days was in terrible distress. Her body bloat? ed until it measured nearly twice the natural size about the waist. For eight weeks she has not swallowed a drop of water or other nourishment. Attempts have been mado to give her a teaspoon ful of water, but it invariably brought on convulsions and great distress. Every exeriiou seems to bloat her. Long con? versations cause her to turn purple and bloat. She has no desire to eat, and her thirst i3 satisfied by holding water in her mouth and ejecting it. This she does several times a day. Her stomach fools full, as though she had recently eaten a hearty meal. Her sickness is accompa? nied by no delusion whatever, and her mind is clear and rational. She would be glad to eat if she could, and at the re? quest of her physician has made attempts to eat or drink, but with the result de? scribed. All efforts to feed her in other ways than by mouth havo proved futile. There is no denial of the fact that for one hundred and sixty-three days at noon to-day she has not tasted food, and that for eight weeks she has not swallowed. Ker case stands without parallel. Dr. Zolter, atteuding physician, says she looks as though she had normal dropsy. Dr. Ayers thinks it a peculiar form of St. Vitua'a dance. Fort Plain, N. Y., August 25.? Kate Smulsy is in about the same condi? tion as she has been for the past few days. She is apparently not much weak? er, is conscious and converses with her family, but takes no nourishment and de sires none. She takes no drink of any kind. This is the 167th day of her fast. ? A curious Chinese superstition was exhibited at San Francisco the other day. A Chinaman drove down to the wharf in an express wagon, jumped out and went through a sort of gymnastic performance, and then, going to the vehicle, grabbed a big turtle, which he threw into the water. This operation was repeated four times, when the Celestial got into his wagon and drove up town again. It was learn? ed on injury that the turtles carried with them into the depths the sins of the Chinese who had contributed money to ho fund of a certain society, The Social Feature of the Grange. The following is an Essay read by Mrs. M. B. Quails beforo the Associate Grange at Town Creek, and is published by re? quest of the GraDge: Worthy Master: lince I have been re" quested to contribute something toward the entertainment of our friends and members of our Order on this occasion, I shall endeavor to do so, though I could wish the task had been assigned to an? other; not that I am unwilling to con? tribute any thing I can to promote the interest of our Order, yet it. is very em? barrassing for me to appear before you who are zealous workers when our Grange has not had a meeting for months. Were we in good working order, as we once were, then it would not be eo diffi? cult a task to find a subject, and know bow to dispose of it. Not long since I was in company with a member of a sister Grange, when he said: "I suppose you are appointed to write an essay for the Associate Grange > have you selected a subject?" I replied in the negative. "Then," says he, "let me suggest that you write the Grange's obituary." Another Granger told me he would not waste his time if he were in my place, "for," say? he, "essays are dull things at best, and they are seldom, if ever, ap? preciated." Thus encouraged, I come before you thinking the social feature of the Grange will be a suitable theme to discuss. We are created social creatures, and should we not rather cultivate this dis? position than school ourselves to live for self alone ? Where is there a place bet? ter adapted to its cultivation than a Grange in good working order? It is there we should meet as one united fam? ily, each one striving to contribute his or her share to the interest, encouragement and epjoyment of the other members of the family. The Grange is the only or? ganization that those engaged in the cul? tivation of the soil can call exclusively their own. Should we not, if necessary, make sacrifices to uphold it, and feel proud to be one of its members? The founders of this noble Order had praise? worthy objects in view aside from pecu? niary benefit. They wanted an organi? zation that would make farmers more united and better men. Does not the teachings of the Grange instill in us a spirit of forbearance, kindness and gen? tleness one toward another? It does all this, and goes a step farther: it incul? cates a spirit of patience and kindness toward even the lower animals that Providence has placed under our care, all of which have a direct influence over our moral natures, and which is calcu? lated to elevate us in the scale of moral beings and make us better qualified for the positions we hold in life. Every one would like to appear well in society. The desire for the approbation or sympathy of our fellow-men is in? stinctive and universal; it is potent with the veriest savage as well as the most highly cultivated members of society; it dictates our every action, whether trivial or important, and how can we gain the approval of each other more quickly and .lastingly than to follow the injunctions given us when we were initiated ? Are we not told to keep in remembrance the pledge we have taken, and to let our conduct be regulated by the precepts of wisdom and virtue? also to strive to make our lives as harmoniously beautiful as the works of nature ? Is this precept not worthy to bo remembered ? Should not every true Granger keep this injunc? tion in view? And while he makes pro? gress in the cultivation of the soil, should he not be equally zealous in the improve? ment of his mind, morals and manners? In the country we have not the advan? tages of those who live in towns and cities for social culture and enjoyment. That is, we do not have the places of amusement and instruction they have. Therefore, should we not foster every means and keep alive those forces that are so well calculated to elevate us both materially and morally ? All other pro? fessions have their societies and uphold them for their mutual benefit, and why should not the farmer? Have we less confidence in each other than the rest of mankind? or should wo be less ambi? tious than those engaged in other voca? tions and callings to make ourselves known and respected? In this age of improvement in agricultural implements no man is compelled to work as he once did ; they save time as well as labor, which time should be used in the im? provement of the mind, for education causes us to see things differently, and gives us higher and nobler views of things at large. The Grange, it is true, was not intend? ed for intellectual culture, yet there is much to be learned from it in that sphere which we could not so readily learn in any other way except in a society simi? larly constituted. Besides, farmers need rest and relaxation from their regular routine of business. And what farmer is there who would not be more than re? paid by spending one day in each month in these our social gatherings ? We are creatures of habit, and habit, like everything else, is strengthened by cultivation, and when long persisted in becomes a part of our character. We are also beings so constituted that we cannot be happy, neither can we make any progress in the scale of moral beings without the enjoyment of each other's society. The most highly cultivated, re? fined and accomplished are those who enjoy this privilege in the greatest degree. Then if we would be progressive in a moral and social point of view, let us cultivate this social quality of our nature. In our Grange we learn each other's views of various things, and can oftiines lend a helping hand or give a word of comfort or advice to a brother. We all learn, by attrition, many things we could learn in no other way. Would it Dot add to our improvement as well as entertainment if, at each meet? ing, some member was appointed by the Worthy Master to either write an essay or read a piece of their own selection, (leaving the choice optional with the one appointed) at the next meeting? And let each and every member think it a pleasant task assigned them, and let no trivial matter cause them to Bhrink from their duty. Death In the Salad Bowl and Ice Clinton, August 18.?Seventy inmates of the Thornwell Orphanage, located at this place, including President Jacobs and the matron and teachers, were pois? oned aud made desperately sick by eat? ing for dinner on last Saturday "some stale custard which had been prepared the day before for ice cream. All are better this morning, but still suffering from the relaxing effects of the ex? treme sickness of Saturday and Sunday. President Jacobs and matron, Mrs. Sim monton, are suffering more at this time than any of the others, but they are re? garded out of danger and will soon be themselves again. It seems that it is about time for our chemists and doctors to have facts suffi? cient to base some wholesome rules in regard to what we shall, or shall not eat. A few years ago, JudgeGraham's family, in Charleston, were poisoned by eating roasted fowls, as they thought. The chickens had been cooked in another part of the State and sent to Charleston. Two deaths resulted in that case. Then last summer we bad two noted cases of ice cream poisoning, as it was called; one in Camden, and the other in Union. Then we have had two cases this year in our State; the first in our own County and the second at Clinton, in Laurens County. In the first of these cases the cause of the sickness is unknown, as there was a great abundance of meats, fowls, salads, frozen fruits and ice cream served. In the Clinton case, the cause of the sickness was certainly the stale boiled custard. In the North and West they have similar experience, but such occurrences seem more frequent in South Carolina, than in other States. When such things occur, all the facts should be reported to the doctors, so that they may investigate and ascertain the causes of poisoning, if possible. It is no reflection on a housekeeper, who carefully prepares a feast and invites her neighbors to help eat it, thereby making them sick. She does the best she can with the informa? tion she has on the subject. A few suggestions may not be out of place. It is not safe to take a hearty supper of rich salads and meats and fol? low this with cake and frozen custard. (It is not every stomach that can stand such a mixture. Either one of these might be harmless, but the whole taken at one time might be very injurious. Boiled custard should always be made of fresh eggs and, in the summer season consumed the same day it is made. If you have more than you need, send it to your neighbors. There is more economy in that, than killing yourself eating it next day when it is curdled or sour. In warm weather, eggs very soon begin to undergo decomposition. In the early stages this is not easily detected as the egg, when broken, looks almost as well as a fresh one. When several of these eggs are broken and stirred in the milk, the decomposition continues and goes on more rapidly because exposed to the air. Fowls for salad should be used the same day when killed, unless kept in a very cool place. It is doubtful whether it is safe to use canned meats and fish in making salads in summer. The freezers should be thoroughly cleansed after and before using. When milk, flavored with fresh fruits, is frozen, there is no danger, and there is no re? corded case where injury has resulted from its use and most people like it as well as they do the boiled custard. The following from the Youl/1'3 Com panion on the subject of decayed food is worth reading. There can be no greater difference than that between life and death. In life millions of vital processes contribute to making good the incessant waste that is going on in the human body, and its elimination from the system. They con? tribute to the performance of the body's many functions; to the repair of possible wounds; to the expulsion of morbid agents; and to the perpetuation of its kind in new individuals. All chemical and molecular changes mean just this. moment of death. Then all chemical and molecular changes means the decom? position of the entire substance into a few gases, with a small earthy residum none of which could in any way particu? larly endanger the health of the living. But as sugar fermeuts into vinegar, yet before it reaches the last stage it is a violent poison (alcohol),?this poison is secured only by arresting the change,? so in the process of animal decay, new chemical combinations are produced, and exist for a time, which are exceed? ingly deleterious, whether received into the stomach or the lungs. Just here is the danger of decaying food. It has long been known that the gravest symptoms have often followed the eatiDg of custard that has been kept too long, because the egg in it is liable to speedy decay. Equally familiar is the fact that the whole family has often ex? hibited every symptom of violent poison? ing soon after rising from a dinner of meat soup. Chemistry has of late explained these facts. It has found that, during the early stages of decomposition, a most virulent poison is developed. This poison has been isolated from the mass, reduced to its purest form, its nature studied, and a name given it. It is just as poison as is arsenic or strychnine. For this reason our laws cannot be too stringent, nor our inspectors too vigilant, in protecting the people against the sale of bad meat. The taste of tainted meat may be bidden in savory soup, but the poison is not changed. The eating of decayed fish often gives rise to severe attacks of cholera morbus. A young man of our acquaintance lately died of a disease a few days after return? ing from Nantasket Bench, where he had pa-taken of a dinner of fish. His symptoms were as violent and his death as speedy as is common in Asiatic cholera. An actual poison, as real and as powerful as arsenic, explains such an attack. The Sun and Butler. Mr. Dana's paper the New York Sun, is making a hard fight for B. F. Butler. This foul creature has not changed in character or conduct in the last ten years. What ho is now he was in 1873. At that time, (June 2d, 1873,) the Sun drew this mild picture of the man of New Orleans and Fort Fisher: "Hated by some, condemned by many and distrusted by all, this bad man with his crooked ways, foul methods, distorted mind and wicked heart, glories in these moral deformities, flaunts them constant? ly before the public eye and trafics in them as political merchandise. The no? toriety which decency shrinks from as a degradation, he seeks at any sacrifice. He treats the reproach which follows such exhibitions as so much capital ad? ded to the stock of ill fame that had already made his name odiously conspicu? ous in and out of Congress." ?' A Frenchman claims to have in? vented a balloon which he has steered successfully against, across and with tho wind. Cream Freezer, These processes