~ T?ETOAYM0BNINO, NOVEMBER 13, 18C0.
SKETCHES OP TRAVEL.
BY O. W. W.
LETTE? NUMBEn XIX.
llAMDURG, GERBIAHT, I860.
The BUrr<"g ovonto of tho p**t few month? add
much interest to the ?rent Prussian Metropolis. I
spont two days in Berlin, aud regretted tho time nt
my command would not allow mo a week in thia in
torcutiiig city. Tho Prussians ero an ontorprisiug
nation. Whatever they undertake must bo exe
cuted on a grand eenie, aud thoroughly. I havo
Boon no whoro in my travols n moro striking
monument than that erected to tho memory of
FiiEDEnio THE GnnAT. It ?B truo, thoy havo
been alow in offering thin tributo to ono to
whom thoy oro HO much indebted for thoir
grcatnosa. FnEDEmc was to Prussia wba WASH
INGTON was to tho Uni tod States. Ho waB both
a hero and a statesman, and ?B regarded as
tho Father of his Kingdom. Tho monumont in all
ita proportions ?B splondid. The horso on which
tho King majestically sits is a noblo looking ani
mal, sovoutoon feet in height. Tho ontiro monu
mont is somo fifty foot high. The bronze pedestal
is of hugo uimonsionB, and is raised on blocks of
beautifully polished granite. Tho ontiro monu
ment consists of at loast forty fignroB, and, as a
work of art, it has never boon excelled in Europe.
I drovo through a beautiful grove of trees that
would do credit to an American forest, to tho Pal
ace of Chorlottonhof, situated a few miles from
Berlin. The buildings, although fino, will not com
paro with the dazzling palaces of the city.
The sight of the palace is good-standing in a
park boantifnlly ornamented with treoB-the
growth of centuries; the walks are lined with
orango and choico shrubs; but there is a stillness
and want of life in tho old palace, and I felt as if
moving among scenes of days long passed away,
whilo I really rtood in the homo of living mon
arch?. The marble Btatnos scattered through
the park have a d_ngy appearance; they look like
noglcctod monuments in a deserted churchyard.
Thomo8t interesting spot in theso grounds was
the mausoleum in which the late King FREDERIC
III. and his queen lie interred. Except that of
NAPOLEON'S in I'aris, theso tombs are tho finest I
havo seen on th 3 Continent. The lay figures aro
exquisitely cut in puro white marble; the delicate
blue fight admitted from the domo of stained
glass adds greatly to tho beauty of the monu
monts. Tho Queon was quito young when NAPO
LEON, in 1806, antena as conquoror of norlin. She
was a clover and spirited woman, and NAPOLEON
Buffered in tho estimation of tho Prussians in con
soquenco of his treatment of thoir favorite Queen.
Bho died at tho early age of thirty-five, whilo FRED
EBIG lived to the ago of Bovonty-two. No travel
ler should leavo Berlin without visiting these mag
jiiUoent monuments.
In one of the public squares aro exhibited a
largo number of cannon captured recently from
the Austrian?. The Boyal Botanical Gardens in
Berlin are not as extensive as those in Paris, but
the exotics, which grow in mammoth glass houses,
interested me vory much. The environs of Berlin,
with thoir handaomo private dwellings and magni
ficent public parks and pleasure ground?, filled
with beautiful trees anti flowering shrubs, uur
pafiB anything I have yet seen in Germany. Villas
and aummer-houscs for refreshments are scattered
through theso parks. Under theso grand old
trees rioh and poor assemble to listen to the music
or minglo in tho dance. Berlin waa the birthplace
of the most distinguished naturalist the world
ovey produced-Baron VON HUMBOLDT. He waa a
great favorito with tho sovereigns and peoplo of
Germany ; and his name ?B.universally honored and
respected for his vast acquirements, attained by ex
tensive travels, research and study, and his -mind
was clear and active oven at tho advanced age of
eighty-four. No man of his day possessed such
general information or had seen so much of the
habitable globe. His great mind grappled with
and comprehended noarly every branch of human
knowledge Ho waa eminontly a working man ; he
know the value of time, and that knowlodge was
only to bo acquired by toil, and it is said that ho
seldom slept moro than four hours put of twenty
four. When this ripo scholar had reaohed the ago
of thrce-acore-ond-ten-full of glory and renown
it scorns he might well have rested from his labors;
but not so; he was as diligent in scientific re
search at eighty as at any former period of his fife
Would that tho young men of our country, whoso
ambition it is to rotiro from business at forty-to
live a life of ease and idleness-would study the
life and imitate the bright example of the great
ALEXANDER HUMBOLDT.
I left Berlin early in the morning. A few hours
by the "lightning express" and I find myself in tho
quaint and to me deeply interesting old town of
Hamburg. In the new town are splendid streets,
with magnificent buildings and royal palaces,
while the old is composed of narrow streets and
alleys, filled with a population of tho poor. I
explored ono of theae alleys, whoro I found the
people even moro degraded than in the "Five
Pointa " of Now York. I proposed to my guide to
accompany mo. Ho declined upon tho plea that
gentlemen did not visit such places. Just imagine
a street six feet wide, with houses on each side
from four to six. stories high, to say nothing ol
the cellars beneath, all of which aro ocenpiod, each
room frequently accommodating two or more
families.
Theso narrow strcots are several hmTdred y ard H
in length, and what adds to tho filthinoss and
discomfort of tho buildings, is that thoro is but
ono ingress or ogress. The dirty, half-clad wo
men stared at me, tho smut and groase dripping
from thoir black faces. Tho squalid children hold
ont thoir hands, begging for coppers. I stopped te
tako n. peop into alloy No. 2, when my guide as
uiircd mo tho small-pox and 'cholera woro raging
thore. I had scon enongb of poverty and wretch
edness, and had no desire to extend my visil
among that class of oitizons. I inquired of a phy
eioian in referonco to tho health of these dirty
alloys, and ho informed mo that tho mortality win
not greater boro than in tho host portions o;
Hamburg. I was surprised to find in one of tin
. richest cities on tho continent so much poverty
and degradation. Tho children who aro born ant
rearod in these dismal courts, or tho Fivo Points
Now York, aro no more affected by tho polluted aii
thoy broatho than aro tho rats whioh infest those
haunts of filth ; but as immortal boings thoy an
corrupted by tho vicious atmosphere that sur
rounds them.
Hamburg is one of tho oldest of tho Free Cities
of Gormany; it invites the rich commorco of the
world to onlor its magnificent harbor almost free
of duty. Immcnso cargoes of merchandise arc
discharged from VOSBOIS that ho in the middle ol
tho stream into small barges; thoso aro rowed te
the warohousos, at less oxponso than if tho good'
wero landed at tho docks from the ships. I drove
along tho banks of tho river looking at tho mile?
of shipping,-and waa surprised to seo no docks;
bat when I witnessed the facility with which the
groat carg?os wero transferred, by means of light
ers, to tho storehouses, tho absence of docks was
explained. Hore yon find ships from nearly every
nation. Tho star splanglod banner, as it waved
proudly ovor tho fino American ships, sont an oloc
tric shock through my veins-for tho first timo in
my wanderings I folt homesick. To a citizen of
tho United States Micro is something grand in tho
Stars and Stripes. It is a flag that commands tho
rospoct of all nations. Tho gigantic war tlirough
which wo havo just passed haH proved to tho world
that tho States, when united, form an irresistible
power, and nro not to bo trifled with, cither on
land or sea. May our great Republic for nil timo
to conic cultivate peace, friendship and amity.
O. W. W.
The Heit Across the Continent.
Tlic Great Pacific Railroad-An Interesting
- History.'
A correspondent ol'tho Chicago Republican, who
accompanied the recent excursion party over tho
Union Pacific Railroad to tho ono hundredth
parallel of longitude, has written a full account of
tho road, which is of such interest that wo copy
the material parts. It should bo premised that
another Pacific Railroad is in rapid progress duo
west from Kansas City, two bundrod miles south
of tho Plato Valloy route, described below. This
lower route ?B the one in which St. Louis has the
moat interest, as it is an extension of the Pacific
Railroad of Missouri. Tho directora of each of
these roads aro striving vigorously to reach the
mountains with thoir tracks boforo tho other. Tho
Republican's correspondent says :
ROUTE OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD.
Tho Union Pacific Railroad, commencing at
Omaha, follows tho valloy of tho Platte river for
live hundred and fifty miles, or to tho baso of tho
Rocky Mountains. Omaha, upon the Missouri
river, is nino hundred and sixty-oigbt (barometer)
foot abovo the level of the sea. One mouth of the
Platte is fifteen milos below Omaha, and to roach
the Platte valley, tho road makes a detour nine
miles southwest, and then follows tho natural val
ley formed by this river. Partaking of the natnro
or a prairie, tho valloy, as it extended westward,
has boon for many years considered an arid plain.
It covers an area of about fivo thousand squaro
milos, and varies in width from thrco to twonty
miles. North of tho valloy tho country is a rolling
?irairie, gradually decreasing in fertility as it ex
onda northwoBterly to tho British provinces,
where the intenso rigor and longth of the winter,
and the Bandy soil, have almost ontirely destroyed
all vegetablolifo.
Tho railroad follows tho north bank of tho
Platte for three hundred miles, and then crosacs
tho North Fork and koopa up the no?th sido of the
South Fork to its headwaters at tho foot of tho
Rocky Mountains. There aro but five bridgos of
any s'izo uutil the Rooky Mountains oro reached.
Tho first is ovor tho Elkhorn, ono hundred miles
eaat of Omaha, and is a truss bridgo of tho most
approved pattern, built upon stone piers, that will
last for half a dozen centuries. Similar bridges
have boon built over Shell crock, the Lonp Fork,
tho Wood Rivor ?d tho North Fork.
No streams of any sizo flow into the Platte from
the south side, the natural tendoncy of all streams
of this valloy being to run southward. No attempt
has ever been made to navigate the Platte, or to
improve it for navigation. It is a rapid stream,
spread over a very largo surface of ground, vory
shallow, and yet so full of quicksands aa to render
it uni ordablo. Ita banka aro continually changing
from sido to sido, owing to the washing of tho sand
as in the Missouri.
Unliko tho latter, howover, it Devor has freshets,
and never inundates its banks. Ita rise and fall is
limited to six inches. The water is never clear,
but of a muddy, randy character, caused by tho
washing of ita banks.
For practical illustration it may bo said that tho
Platte, rising in tho West, runs west to ita month,
in tho Missouri river. Ita tributarios rise in the
north ? northwest, and, running southeast empty
into the Platte. Ita southern tributaries. Skull
and Salt creeks, havo clear water and rocky bot
tom? It wiU Lo oom that natnro has laid oui
tho wholo Platte valloy into littlo valleys bisected
with rivers and crooke at varions intervals, and
fined the rivor banks with the richest bottoms or
valleys, covered with an alluvial eoil, and varying
in width from one to six milos. Timber of various
kinds is found upon all the small streams. The
cotton-wood, however, prevails to the greatest ex
tent. Thcro is no doubt, wero it not for the an
nual burning of tho prairies and tho grasa upon
the bottoms of vulloys, the whole Platte valley
would bo covered with timber, as it ia whero tho
fire could not reach that we now find tho oak,
locust, cedar and cottonwood, and it haa been fully
demonstrated in the various Western States that
where the fire baa been kept off a particular tract
for three years a strong growth of timber starts
out, and in ten or twelve it is large enough for
posts, rails or general building purposes.
POPULATION OF NEBRASKA.
Over two-thirds of the population of Nebraska
lies south of the Platte valley, and the largest por
tion along the Missouri river; out of fifty members
of the territorial legislature, over thirty nro elected
south of the Platte,
The line of travel opened by the emigrants start
ing out from Omaha to oroas tho Plains to tho gold
mines of Colorado, the Mormon harems of Utah,
and to the Pacific coast, havo induced many farm
ers or ranchmon to settle along the wagon trail of
tho overland route. These found a ready market
for their corn and cattle in the emigrants, and,
later, in tho mining regions of Colorado, which
raised nothing to feed themselves. The Indians
and the wolves havo for many years reigned su
preme on tho route, and it waa neceasary for emi
grants to travol in large bodies for self-protection,
and for ranchmen to fortify themselves and build
stockades for their cattle. Those disadvantages
but few were willing to meet, and consequently wo
now find settlers so rare upon these millions of
fortilo acres.
LAND GRANTS.
The land granta of tho Pacifie road aro tho fin
est ever given to a railroad. One-half the land for
twonty milos upon both aides, with the right to
locate at any point the amount they do not get on
tho last end, when tho titlo ?B not now in tho gov
ernment.
This will make thom tho ownors of the entire
valley after thoy got out beyond the surveyed and
located lands which, probably, do not extend ovor
one hundred miles, for (fil lands on the then sur
veyed hne aro withdrawn from tho market until
they got what they desire.
So far, thoy havo no lands takon up oxcopt at
. whatever stations they needed for immediate UBO,
and in locating these at random thoy aro safo, for
they will get tho titlo whonever they desire it, and
tho cities, towns, villages and fari.is are theirs to
locato, to sell, and to build up. Durant can literal
ly say, as he rides out with his iron horso into the
I howling wilderness and s tar HOB tho Indian from
his lair, "I am monarch of all I survoy; my rights
thoro are none to dispute."
TIMBER FOR RAILWAY {INSTRUCTION.
Whon Dr. Durant announced, ono year ago, that
! ho wanted one million of cross ties for immediate
1 uso, and three million? in two years, overybo;ly
? laughed at tho idea. "Thoy must bo had," ho rc
. plied. "I will have thom." Evory source was ap
?iii ed to. Soon one party agreed to furnish a largo
ot, and another a lot, but thoy were bringing in
- cottonwood, a species of timber like nnto a
? pumpkin or a cuonmbor, whioh looked well
enough, but had a reputation for not being reliable
over night; but the resources of man aro as ond
' less as his desires aro boundless. "Bring on your
i cottonwood," said Durant, and up tho Missouri,
r and down tho Missouri, out of a thousand ravines
and gulches rang the sound of tho invador'a axo,
1 and soon cunio a perfect torrent of tics; tics of oak,
' of cedar, and of cottonwood.
1 THE "BUBNETIZ1NO PROCESS."
, To moko the latter availablo, an iron boiler a
. hundred foot long and fivo foot in diameter was
brought into requisition. It was filled with tien,
1 and the aportaros boing closed, a steam engine
) exhausted tbo air, which emptied tho pores of the
. wood, whon a solution of zinc was injected, whioh,
Sormeating tho fibres, hardens tho wood, nnd in
rying gives it well-nigh a motalie appoaranco and
weight, wliich guaranties its durability for about
i twolvo years.
I BIGHT HUNDRED AND FIPT? THOUSAND TIES AND
TELEGRAPH POLES
. already havo boon laid by tho company; 150,000
moro must go down ore the work conscs for the
' winter-2500 to tho milo, and oxtra for aldinga. For
i fuol cottonwood was bought for from eight to
twolvo dollars por cord at Omaha; and consider
able waa bought and dolivered on tho lino of tho
1 road for a dis (anco of ono.hundred and soronty-flvo
miles, at prices varying from fivo to len dollars por
cord. Boyond that point no wood or tics could bo
had until a point waa reached distant two hundred
and twouty-flve miles, whoro wood ?B again found
on tho Platte and south of it, und bautcd to tbo
track for $8 por cord for assorted kinds, and croBB
tios lor from $1 to $1.G0. Two hundred and fifty
miles from Omaha, and south of tho Platto. ?B
found a bolt of rod cedar, about thirty milos wido
and twonty-flvo miloB long. From this tho com
pany havo cut ono hundred th ou ?und cedar cross
ties and tolograph poloB-enough for aovoral hun
drod milos, ana probably enough to roach the
Rocky Mountains. This cedar grows in tho canons,
whore it is moat probable thal tho wild fowl havo
dropped tho sood, anil, protected from Uro and tho
cold, bleak, piercing winda, thoy hnvo boon nursed
into life, and onco accuriug a foothold, BOOH roar
ed thoir hoads to bid defiance to nil the? elements
combined, and now thoy aro found ready to make
glad the hearts of the Pacific railway pioneer*.
TUE WATJCn QUESTION.
Water ia eaoily reached nil along the road by
digging from eight lo twenty feet. Tho coin puny
httve constructed water Blatioua at convenient dis
tances, and with stution homes of a si/.o and char
actor not excelled by any of our Ka tera roads.
The water is pumpod up at preseut by hand, but
tho company will BOOH introdttoo windmills for
that purpoao, tho perpetual winda that go howling
over tho Plains f-mialling all tho nccoaBary power.
11AII.WAY SHOPS AND S-BUCI lilli?!.
The company havo built ahops at Omaha for the
construction and repairs of their cara and engines,
that bid fair to rival, iu ofllcioiioy and build, thone
of any of our Eastorn roads. Thoy aro all of brick,
and are all so laid nut as to onablo tho company to
extend thom indefinitely. Tho company aro now
running twonty-ono locomotivos, and next Bummer
will iucrcaso it to ono .hundred. Thoy havo now
only thrco hnndrod cars, but in loss than a year
will havo uso for two thousand. By March next
thoy will bo ablo to turn out from their own shops
at Omaha one ear a day, and probably soon double
and oven treble that number.
THE DIVISIONS.
Tho road wfil bo dividod into working divisions
of about ono hnndrod and fifty milos I-.CI, and al
though the samo ears will run from lae Atlantic to
tho Pacific without any chango?? thoir freight,
the engine? will only run ovor on-- division. From
Omaha to tho mountains then* is to bo no grade
over thirty foot to the mile, a_u tho trains made up
there for tho wost go through iust the samo. On
thoir rotura tho all-down grado will onablo them
to bring back any quantity of coal or stono for
ballasting tho road. Tho first working division
terminates at Grand Island, one hundred and
sixty-five miles from Omaha. Hero tho company
havo nearly completed a brick round-honso for
their engines, and shop for repairs. Tho noxt
relay or ona of division will bo near Cottonwood,
whore similar brick buildings will be erected. Tho
brick are mado at Omaha, although there ?B plonty
of the finest brick-clay all along tho road, upon
tho bluffs or terracos at tho edge of tho prairie
bottom J.
THE TIUCK.
The loam and sand make an excellent bank for
tho trrck, and tho surface, forming a kind of paato,
docs not easily turn into dust, and soon covers
over with crass; thuB, in a great measure, kooping
down tho dust which is mich a terrible plaguo to
all travellers. It ?B the intention of the company
to ballast tho entire longth of the road with finoly
brokon stone, similar to tho Pennsylvania Contrai
Railroad. On their reaching tho Rocky Moun
tains they will Bond return loads of stono ou all
thoir construction trains.
AN A1H LIKE.
No road over yet built runs on so straight a line
as this. East of Columbus there is an air lino of
eighty miles, without tho slightest deflection ; while
in the last two hnndrod aud fifty miles of track
there is probably not twenty curvos in the entire
distance, not an embankment over twelve foot
high, and not a out ovor that dopth, with only a
bridge in a half day's rido. This road has every
advantage that will enable it to make the fastest
time of any railro-d in the world.
Hion SPEED.
On its return tho lato excursion train was com
posed of nino cars, and. to show tho guests what
could bo done, it ran at the rate of a milo a minuto,
or sixty miles per hour, for some timo. Five hnn
drod and fifty miles from Omaha to the mountains
can be ron in fourteen hours with perfoot safety,
and allow for passengers to stop and get meals
and the engines to supply themselves with wood
and water. From Now York to Chicago, by way of
Pittabnrg, is 911 miles-time 80 hours; from Chi
cago to Omaha, by way of Northwestern, is 497
more, and time 22 boors; making 1958 miles in 75
hours, or thrco days from Now York to Denver
City. One week to go from Wau street, spend a
day in a Colorado gold mino, and return to tho
Broker's Board.
1'IIOSEOUTION OF THB WOBK.
But turning baok to the end of tho track reach
ing away out over the Plains, we find grading par
tics at work for a distance of a hundred miles be
yond tho end of the rails, seventy-five miles are
ready for the ties, except somo small gaps, that
will oe filled np in ample time, There ia a bridge
to bo built over the north fork of the Platto, but
that is already partly done, and will canse no de
lay.
The track has been laid this Bummer at tho av
erage rate of one mile and six-tenths nor day for
every working day in the month, and making no
allowance for rainy days or want of material. Three
hundred miles of rails, chairs, Ac., havo been tak
en up the Missouri River this summer and landed
at Omaha. More is on the way. but tho freezing
np of the springs that supply the Missouri River
at its hoad will leave so little water in the channel
as to stop navigation in ten days moro. Beforo the
work is stopped this month they oxpect to havo
thrco hundred and twenty-five miles in running
order. By January iBt the Chicago and North
western will have completed their road to Council
Bluffs, when all the futuro material of the Union
Paoific will pass through Chicago on the way to
Omaha.
Tho item of fro i gh te up tho narrow and tortuous
channel of the Missouri has boon an enormous
one. To get engines and cora up from St. Josoph
(from whio . point nearly all thofroight waa talton)
a boat'i '. I ' constructed on purpose, and so
built *..'-. ? '? v thrco feet of water. It cost
to trana > j ? 'rom tho shops in the East,
whore they w J . *. t.from $1701) to $2200 each,
and cars from $250 b o ?1000 each. It is evident
that all rail communication next Bummer wUl re
duce tho item of freights from thirty to forty per
cent. Whilo no road has over beon so cheaply
graded, none havo ever been built under so many
disadvantages and oxponsos, and the whole world
may well look on with wonder at the almost magic
build of two hundred and eighty-six milos, now in
running order. Tho wo?dor is increased as yon
look upon the map and see it built afar off from
any other railroad, and only tho Missouri River to
furnish a channel for supplies.
THE 8UBVEY8.
For tho last six months the railroad company
has had foin* corpa of engineers feeling around for
a pan? through the Rooky Mountains. No route
has yet boon adopted. Colonel S. Seymour, con
sulting ouginoor of tho compmy, and Oonoral
Dodgo, ohiof-ongineer, have spout sovcral weeks
in tho mountains, personally inspecting tho various
posses. They have just ro turned, and will soon be
ablo to rccommond a route. It is most likely that
thoy will cross a hundred miles north ol' Donver
City, whoro they can got along without tunnelling.
Five ?oparato routes havo boon surveyod: Ber
thoud- Pass, wost of Denver; Boldor Pass, twonty
miles north of DenvorjCacho aPondro Pass, fifty
flvo milos north of Donver; Crow Creek Pass,
oevonty-fivo miles north of Denver, and Lodgo
Polo Crook Pass, ono hundred milos north of Don
ver. Tho last thrco como out at the wost sido upon
Laramio 1'lainu, and tho two first upon tho Middle
Park. Lodgo Polo Crook would bo tho shortest,
but has a tunnel of a milo and a half in longth.
Crow Creek ?B the longoat, but has no lunnol.
BBorthoud'a Pass has a tunnel of about three and
aiialf milos in longth, and Boldor Pass ono from
four and a half to nvo milos long.
Tho groat objoct now is ? to got tho road built,
and t?o Crow Crook routo having no tunnel, will
probably be adoptad, and a branch run down to
Denver City.
THE STAOE ROUTEB.
llolladay's overland mail now starts at Fort
Kearny, ono hundred and sovonty-five miles from
Omaha, passongors and maila going that distance
on the railroad. From Kearny tho stages keep
on tho south sido of tho Platto until thoy roach
Donver City. A pontoon bridge has boon sent up
the road and will bo thrown over tho rivor at
Cottonwood, and tho connection with tho road at
Fort Kearny ho abandoned on Novombor 5, thus
saving eighty milos moro of staging, and leaving
only forty-eight hours of stages from tho road to
Denvor City. When tho road stops for tho winter
it will crob&bly havo reached Julo.burg, and tho
transfer bo mado at that point, loaviug about
thirty-six hours of Btagcs for tho noxt three
months.
THE aOVERNSEENT CO-CUISSIONX-lfl.
Tho Pacific railway.ia especially favorod among
American railway ontorprisos, bocausq of Iho ox
istonco -of natural obbtaolos and bulk of under
taking that would rest fatally on any embarking of
. private capital in. the,work.. Jt could .not bp built
without Oovornmontaid. Tho Government has ap
pointed its CommieBionora to pnpervleo and ox
\
amino every milo of track boforo it is accopted;
and this was faithfully dono by tbo Commiasioners
proaont on tho late occasion. Their functions aro
not an ornamental sinecure, as tho history of their
connection with tho road abundantly shows; rail
road mou nil agroo that it ia woll built. A bit of
h?Btorv portaining to tbo Eastern Division of tho
Union" Pacific and Kaunas route well illustrates
this. It was most scrupulously examined some
months ngo, and lo tho loss of contractors, but out
of tho controversy nu to points of difforenco of
opinion grow tho mont importent summoning In
testimony ever gathered from railroad experts.
THE BUSINESS ASPECT.
It is very diflioult to estimate the business of tho
Pacific road. Colorado, Utah and Montana have a
population ol'probably a quarter of a million. In
18(i4 it was estimated upon very carefully prepared
data that forty million? of pounds of froiglitn wore
carried over the Plains in wagons. In 18G5 it in
creased to two hundred millions of pounds, anil
employed 9,000 wagons, 50,000 cattlo, 1(1,000 horses
and mules, and ten thousand men as drivers,
guarda, ko., making tho COBI. for freights alone laut
yoar nearly enough to pay $50,000 per milo for tho
construction of the road. Thousands of pasBen
gers woro carried at ?175 per head from tno Mis
souri river to Colorado, and ?350 lo Salt Lako City.
Now the Overland Ktago Company charge $125 from
Omaha to Donvor, $250 to Salt Lako City, and
about $400 through to California. If tho Pacific
Railroad charges one-half tho presont rates thoy
will doublo and quadruplo tbo freight and pnsson
?or business, and multo tho road profitable the
rat yoar-thia Independent of tho buBinoas from
tho Atlantic to tho Pacific, that will only commence
whon tbo road shall bavo been completed from
ocoon to ocean, and the tido of the world's com
merce ebbs and flows through Chicago.
A Treacherous and Deadly Foe!
CATARRH !
PAIN AND NOISKS IN TUB HEAD.
Dr. Norton's New Kemedy
FOR CATARRH,
AND MODE OF TREATMENT IS THE ACME
OF PERFECTION.
IT BREAKS UP THIS TERRIBLE DISEASE AT ITS
Fountain Hoad, and remove? at onoo all tbo wrotched
Hymptoms of this loatliRomc malml v, such on Pain in tho
Temples, Offonsivo Dischargca, Obstruction of the Breath
ing Tubes, RopulHlvc Breath, Snapping Boanda in tho
Ears, AbsenMlindodnoi?, Mental Depression, Dimness oi
Vlnion, Boro Throat, Hacking Couch; restores the senao
of Taste and 8mell, and permanently cures the disease In
all its types, forms and stage?, with absoluto certainty.
This remedy and mode of treatment. Uko tho disease.
Is peculiar. In consists of tho inhalation of harmless li
quids from tho palm of the hand. Tho immediate relief
it affords is alono worth ten timos the cost of tlic reme
dies.
Norton's New Pamphlet on Catarrh is out. Informa
tion novor before published. Call at our nearest Agency,
or Bond a stamp for it
Prepared by GEBRIT NORTON, No. 11 AnD-strcct,
New York.
Drs. RAOUL & LYNAH,
CITY APOTHECAIUE8,
November 1 thstnCiuo Agent for Charleston.
ACCOUNT BOOK MAMFACTOR?.
ACCOUNT BOOKS,
SUCH AB REC0RD8 FOR PUBLIC OFFICES,
Lodger?, Journals, Cash Books, Day Books, Ac., con
stantly ou hand, and modo to order, and with any de
scription of Ruling. None but tho best workmen cm
ployed, and the best materials used.
A practical experience of twenty years in tho above
line, and with facilities unsurpassed, ennblo mo to war
rant satisfaction.
BOOK BINDING AND JOB PRINTING
In aB ita branches, with new type, new presses, and
advantages not excelled in this city. Lawyer's Blanks,
Tides, Bonds, Mortgagee, Ac, kc, on hand and printed
to ord er. tu thftlyr December 14
MADAME HUXOBN
HAS NOW OPENED HER BUSINESS OF
FORTUNE TELLING
AT No. O CLIFFORD STREET.
Hours from 8 in the morning till 9 at night.
IToveml-er 10_e?
CHEROKEE C
rae onxAT
INDIAN MEDICINE,
Cares all dl&oascs eauaod by
6olf-abwe, viz :- Spertnntor
rhea. Seminal - WtaknetH,
Night . Emitsions, Lots of
Memory, Universal Laut
tuds, Pains In the Back, Dim
.nets of Vision, Prematuro
j Old Age, Weat Nerves, D_H
\oult Breathing, Pole Commit
' nanos, Insanity, Consump
tion, and all diseases that foi
low as a soq uenoo of youthful indiscretions.
The Cherokee Cure will restore health and visor,
atop tb? ?missions, and effect a permanent caro
afUir all other medicines have faifod. Thirty-two
paio pamphlot sent In a sealod envelope, free to any
address.
Prloo $2 nor bottle, or three boltl?6 for $5. Bold
tv all druKglsts ; or will be, aent by express to any
portion of tho world, on receipt of prlco, by the
solo proprietor,
Dr. W. R. MAWE!, 37 Walker St., N. Y.
Cherokee Remedy,
Cures all Urinary Com
plaints, vi* OraveL h\flam
motion of ths Bladder and ?
Kidney?, Retention of
Urina, Stricturet cf the
Urethra, Dronttoal Stcell
tno', Brink Butt Deposit*,
and all disease* that require
a diuretic, and whon used In
conjunction with the
CHEROKEE INJECTIOH,
docs nttfall to core Gonorrhsa, OUet and all Mu
cout Ducharges In Male or Female, curing resent
cane* in from on* to three dayl, and U cinoelally
recommended In those caaes of Pluor Albus or
WhiUt In Fesnaltt. The two medicine* used in
conjunction will not foil to remove this dleagrccnhlo
complaint, and In those ease* wheroothor medicine*
havo boon tiaod without euoceas.
Vila, Remedy, Ono Bottlo, $2, Three Bottle?, |?.
? ? InjeoUon, M " W*\ " ** *A
Tho Cherokee "Cure," "Remedy," and "Injec
tion" are to bo found In all well reftnlaUd dru?
stores, and aro recommended by phyelclans and
druggists all over tho world, for their Intrinelo worth
MM merit Some unprincipled dealers, however,
try to docelve their euhtomora, by Belling cheap and
worthleas compounds,-In order to make money
In plaee of these. B* rM deceived. It tho drug
gist* will not buy thom for y , write to na, aud wo
will send them to you by exnrece, sconrelv packod
.and freo from observation. Wo treat all dueesos to
which tho human system is solject, and will be
pleased to roceii'o (hil and explicit atntemont* from
thos.5 who have failed to receive relief heretofore,
Ladled or gentlemen- ?an nddrea? us In perfer.t con
fidtnes. WA dcalr* to. send our thirty-two page
' pamphlet tua toerory ?ady and pcntlemsn In the
. land. Addree* all letter? for pamphlets, modWne*
or advice, to tho aolo proprietor, Q
. Dt. W. B. MBBWOT, y/'WiJkor ?t:. If. Ti .
May 24 Uutnlyr
GEO. LITTLE & CO'S
FASHIONABLE CLOTHING STORE,
No. 213 KING STREET,
UNJ-D-S-S. VICTORIA HOTEL.
WE OFFER TO THE dTIZEMS OF CHARLESTON AND THE PUBUCI OENERAI.Y A NEW AND FHE-B
aBHortmcnt of CLOTHING, received by the L-wt urrivali? from our inunuf_i.t..riii?,? ..Htablii.hii.uiit at New Vm k,
euch ?IT:
Superfino, and medium quality of BLUE. BLACK AND COLORED MIXED CABS-HEBE BU81NEH8 s.n RK
AND <;OATS
SUPEBF1NE BLACK DRESS FBOCK COATS
SDI'EBFINE lll.ACK AND COLOBED VELVET VESTS
SUI'KRFINE BLACK AND COI?ORED OABK1MBBE PANTS
HUTEEFINE BLACK AND COLOBED OVEBCOATB AND SACKS.
ALSO,
PANTS AND VESTS OF ALL QUALITIES, AND PKICES TO. SUIT CTSTOMEUS.
ALSO,
A lar?o -Mortmcnl of MRDIUM AND LOW-rBICED CLOTHING, miitabjc roi- jilsnlation harulii ami Laborei-,
euch as HACKS, COATS, MONKEV JACKETS, PANTS AND SHIRTS, aB lo??--iiricod and no ml-taki*. Call ned eec
or Tour-elvoi?, at No. 313 KING-STBEET, under Victoria Hotel.
GEO. LITTLE & CO.
November C tul_.2mot)
CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES.
YATES &D BRO,
No. 449 KING-STREET,
FOUR DOORS -CSTO-ejaT-l-C O-F 0_A_I__e-COXJ3ST?
TZEEP CONSTANTLY IN 8T0BE A FULL AND WELL SELECTED STOCK OF'
OHOIC--: -P-A-IS-CI-LY C3-_-lOC__5_L=tI__:S,
.ALES, ^VI-STES, LIQUORS, ?toC,
WHICH THEY'ABE SELLING AT REASONABLE PRICES.
OOOD9 PUB0HA8ED FROM D8 WILT? BE DELIVERED TO ALL TARTS OF THE CITY, RAILROAD
DEPOT8, Ac, WITHOUT ADDITIONAL EXPEN8E.
LIBERAL INDUCEMENT- OFFERED TO THE TRADE, AT THE SIGN OF
THE "BIO PITCHEB."
November 8 thstu __mos
-Mi?MaWW-B--M?-MW-Da-?^--l^-M-M-BK-MJB-J--i
FASHIONABLE BOOT AND SHOE STORE.
JOHH WALLACH,
asro- seo __iisrc3- ST., OPP. _3____-i_r:_\i-_i_\r.
BOOTS, HOE .TRUNKS, VALISES, ETC., AT RETAIL.
TTAVING RECENTLY RETURNED FROM THE NORTH, WITH A NEW. LARGE AND VARIED STOCK Ot
BOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, VALISES, &c,
I am prepared to favor all who may pay mo a visit with Goods as cheap as the cheapest There will always ha
found oil hand, a large assortment of Ladies and Gentlemen's
CUSTOM MADE BOOTS AND SHOES.
Also, LADIES', MISSES' and CHILDREN'S BOOTS, SHOES AND GAITEBS always on baud. 1
would also call special attention to my asaortment of
TRAVELLING TRUNKS AND VALISES,
Being fully aBsured that my Stock cannot be enrpaeeed by any dealer in this or any city Sontb.
-EPL-A-ISTT-A-TIOlSr SHOES -A.-NTID BOOTS,
FOR MEN, WOMEN AND ('Ilii.imKS.
No means or expense have been spared to vnako my present Stock one of the most attractive; and,
as all the goods nave been selected by myself, in person, I can warrant satisfaction to all who mai
give me a call. ?srDO NOT FORGET THE NUMBER."?ft
No. 260 KING STREET, OPPOSITE BEAUFAIN.
Mar Messrs. G. B. GIBSON and O. A. SPEI88EGGER would be happy to see their frionas at tho
above establishment. tntbs 2mos October 2
ESTABLISHED 1825.
THOMAS J. FUCK & SONS,
IMPORTERS & DEALERS
IN
BRANDIES,
,._, ?DIALS, ALE, -,?,,
No. 62 SOUTH STREET,
BALTIMORE, _MI_D..
A IaAROI- STOCK OF THE! FINEST GRADES OF
OLD M0N?NGAHELA, RYE AND BOURBON WHISKEY
OON8TANT1.Y ON HAND AND AT LOWEST PRICES.
KoTcmbor 8 thstu 3niou
NATIONAL
MARINE AND FIRE
INSURANCE COMPANY,
OF
CAPITAL.?500,000
RISK? TAKEN, MARINE AND FIRE, ON FAVORA
BLE TEBM8, BY
HENRY COBIA & CO., Agents,
October 20 stnth30
DR8. RAOUL &LYNAH,
Market and King Streets.
ALFRED RAOUL, M. D.A. M. LYNAH, M. D.
ARE CONSTANTLY RECEIVING FRESH AND
woU selected stocks of
DRUGS AND MEDICINES
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
PATENT MEDICINES
TOILET AND FANCY ARTICLES
PERFUMERY, SOAPS M
COMBS, BRUBHE8, Ac, kc,
Which thoy off<\r to tho Pnbllo and the TRADE In ?cn
?ral at the LOWEST OABH PRICES. CaU and examino
our stock. ?A
PREHOUII'TlOil?
ftit up at afl faotfw, day and nl?ht, with th e ttroateat care.
03" Country ordern eolijltcd, thstu November 0
BRIDGES & LANE,
MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN
RAILROAD AND CAR FINDINGS, /
AND
MncUlncry of Every Description.
ALSO,
TAFT'S PATENT ROLLING LEVER SHEARS
AND PUNCHES. ?
No. SO Courtland-at., corner of Greenwich, ;(
NKW YORK. F
KAILROAD AXLES, WHEEL8, CHAIRS, 8P1BJE8,
Dolt?, Nuts, Washers, Car, Ship and Bridge BelU, "
Iron Forgluga of various kinds, ki:, ko.
STEEL AND RUBBER SPRINGS, LOCOMOTIVE AND J
HAND I.ANTERNB, Portable Forges and Jack Screws, I
Cotton Duck for Car Cover?, BUM and Silver Trimmlnge,
Bolting or aU kinds, Baggago Cheeks, ko., kc. f
Also, Agents for the manunvoturera of CAR HEAD
LIN1NQ8. I
ALBERT BRIDGES.JOEL C. LANE. J
November 0_tnthaCmo /
HOLMES & CALDER7 J
SUCCESSORS OF . j
HOLMES & CO.,
IMPORTERS AND DUALUIIS IN
PAINTS, OILS, ?I
O-LA-SS, BTS.,
KQS. 126 MEETING AND 55 HASEL STREETS,;
CHARLESTON, H. C. . JM
WM, E. HOLME?..-...Late of HOLMES A CcJH
WM. CALDER.Charleston,- 6. (?Ni
October lu |H