OCR Interpretation


The daily phoenix. [volume] (Columbia, S.C.) 1865-1878, June 19, 1867, Image 2

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ni iii tr. ry an tb or i ty, unless when a ne?
cessity for such iuterfereuce may
happen to arise.
I see no authority, nor any shadow
of authority, for iutorforonco with
any other courts or any other juri?
diotion, than criminal courts iu the
exerciso of criminal jurisdiction. The
existing civil authority in all its other
departments-legislative, executive
and ' judioial-is loft untouched.
There is no provision, oven under the
plea of necessity, to establish, by
military authority, courts or tribuuals
for the trial of civil cases, or for the
protection of suoh civil rights of per?
son or property as come within the
cognizance of civil courts as contra?
distinguished from criminal courts.
In point of fact, thero'was no founda?
tion for such a grant of power, for
the civil rights Act and tho Freed?
men's Bureau Act, neither of which
is superseded by this Act, made am?
ple provision for the proteotion of
all merely civil rights, whero thc
laws or courts of these States might
fail to give full, impartial protection.
I find no authority anywhere in
this Act for tho removal, by tho mili?
tary commander, of the proper offi
- oers of a State, either executive or
judicial, or tlie appointment of per?
sons to their places. Nothing short
of an express' grant of powor would
justify the removal or the appoint?
ment ot' such an officer. Thero is no
such grant expressed or even im?
plied. On tho oontrary, the 'Act
? clearly enough forbids it. The regu?
lar State officials duly elected and
qualified are entitled to hold their
offices. They, too, have rights which
the military commander is bound to
protect, not authorized to destroy.
We find in the concluding clause
of the sixth section of the Act that
these officials are recognized, and
express provision is made to perpe?
tuate them. It is enacted that "in
all elections to any office under such
provisional governments, all persons
shall be entitled to vote, and none
others, who aro entitled to vote under
the provisions of the fifth section of
this Act; and no person shall be eli?
gible to any office under Buch provi?
sional governments who would bo
disqualified from holding office under
the provisions of this Act."
This provision not only recoguizes
all the officers of the provisional go?
vernments, but, in case of vacancies,
very clearly tJoiuts out how they ore
to be filled; aud that happens to be
in tho usual way, by tho people, aud
not by auy other agency orauy other
power, either State or Federal, civil
. or military.
[We omit three or four paragraphs
at this point, which wero published
iu full in our telegraphic despatches
yesterday morning.]
What has been said, indicates my
opiuion as to any supposed power of
the military commander to change or
modify tho laws in force. Thc mili?
tary commander is made a conserva?
tor of tho peace, not a legislator. His
duties are military duties, executive
duties, uot legislativo duties. Ho has
no authority to enact or declare a
new codo of laws for the people with?
in his district under any idea that he
can make a better code than the peo?
ple have made for themselves. The
public policy is not committed to hit
discretion. The Congress which
passed this Act undertook in certaiu
grave particulars to change these
laws, aud these changes being made,
tho Congress saw uo further necessity
of change, but were content to leave
all tho other laws in full force, bul
subject to this emphatic declaration,
that as to t,heso laws and such futon
changes as might bc expedient, tin
questiuu of expediency aud thc powei
to alter, uiiieud or abolish, was ru
sorved for "tho paramount authority
of the United States at auy timo te
abolish, modify, control or supercedi
tho same." Where, theu, eloes t
military commander find his author!
ty "to abolish, modify, control OJ
superceele" auy one of these laws?
The enumeration of the cxtraordi
nary powers exorcised by the military
commauelcrs in soiue of thc district*
would extend this opinion to an un
reasonable longth. A few instance:
must suffice.
In ono of tho*o districts, thc (Jo
vernor of a State has been d?pos?e
under a threat of military force, am
another person, called a governor
has been appointent by the military
commander to lill his place; thus pre
senting tho strange spectuclo of ai
official entrusted with the elliot powe:
to execute tho laws of the State
whoso authority is not recognize?
by tho laws he is called upon to exe
cute.
lu the samo district, tho judge o
one of tho criminal courts of th
State has been summarily dealt with
The Act of Congress does give au
thority to tho military Commande?
rn cases of necessity, to transfer th
juriseliction of a criminal court to
military tribunal. That being th
specific authority over tho erimia;
courts given by thc Act, uo other ai
thority over them cun bo lawful!
oxercised by tho military commando
But in this instance, tho juelgo ha:
by military order, boen ejected froi
his office, anel a private citizen hi
boen appointed judgo in his place 1
military authority, anel is now in tl
exercise of criminal jnriseliotic
"over all crimes, misdemeanors at
offences" committcel within thc terr
torial jurisdiction of tho court. Th
military appointco is cortainly n<
authorized to try auy ono for ar
offence as a member of a military tr
bunal, and ho has just as little ai
ilTMlll.I.
thority to try and punish, any offender
as a judge of a criminal oourt of the
State.
It happons that this private citizen
thus placed on thu bench is to sit as
the sole judge in a criminal court
whoso jurisdiction extends to cases
involving the life of tho accused. If
ho has any judicial power in any case,
ho has the same power to take cogni?
zance of capital cases, and to sen?
tence the accused to death, and order
his execution. A strange spectacle!
where tho judge and the criminal
may very well "change places;" for
if the criminal has unlawfully taken
life, so, too, does tho judge. This is
the inevitable result; for the ouly tri?
bunal, tho only judges, if they can
be called judges, which a military
commander can constitute nnd ap?
point under this Act to inflict the
death pennlty is a military court com?
posed of a board, nnd called in tho
Act a "military commission."
I seo no relief for the condemned
against the sentence of this ngent of
the military commander. It is not
the sort of court whoso sentence of
death must, bo first approved by tho
commander and finally by tho Presi?
dent, for that is allowed only where
tho sentence is pronounced by a
"military commission." Nor is it a
sentence pronounced by the rightful
court of the State, but by a court and
by a judge not clothed with authority
under the laws of the State, but con?
stituted by the military authority. As
the representative of this military
authority, this Act forbids inter?
ference "under color of State autho?
rity" with the exercise of his func?
tions.
In another ono of these districts, a
military order commands tho Go?
vernor of the Stato to forbid the re?
assembling of thc Legislature, and
thus suspends the proper legislative
power of tho State. In the same dis?
trict, au order hus been issued "to
relieve the Treasurer of tho State
from the duties, bonds, books, papers,
.fcc, appertaining to his office," and
to put an "assistant quartermaster of
United States volunteers" in place of
the removed Treasurer; the duties of
which quartermaster-treasurer are
thus summed up: He is to make to
the headquarters of the district "tho
same reports and returns required
from the Treasurer, and a monthly
statement of receipts and expendi?
tures; ho will pay all warrants for
salaries which may be, or become,
due, and legitimate expenditures for
tho support of the penitentiary, State
asylum and the support of the provi?
sional State government; but no scrip
or warrants for outstanding debts of
other kind than those specified will
bo paid without special authority
from these headquarters. Ho will
deposit funds in the same manner as
though they were those of the United
States."
In another of these districts, a
body of military edicts, issued in
general and special orders regularly
numbered, and in occasional circu?
lars, have been promulgated, which
already begin to assume the dimen?
sions of a code. Theso military
orders modify tho existiug law in tli<>
remedies for the collection of deb s,
tho enforcement of judgments and
decrees for tho payment of money,
staying proceedings instituted, pro?
hibiting, in certain cases, the right to
bring suit, eujoiuing proceedings on
execution for tho term of twelve
months, giving new lieus in certain
cases, establishing homestead exemp?
tions, declaring what shall bo a legal
tender, abolishing in certain cases
the remedy by foreign attachment,
abolishing bail "as heretofore autho?
rized" in cases ex contractu, but not
in "other cases, known us actions ex
delicto," and changing, in several par?
ticulars, thc existing laws as to the
punishment of crimes, and directing
that the crimes referred to "shall be
punished by imprisonment at bard
labor for a term not exceeding ten
years nor less thau two years, in the
discretion ot the court having juris?
diction thereof.*' One of these gene?
ral orders, being number ten of the
scries, contains no less than .seven?
teen sections, embodying thu various
changes and modifications which have
beeu recited.
Tlnvquestion at once arises in the
mind ol every lawyer, what power of
discretion belongs to the court having
jurisdiction of any of these offences
to sentence a criminal to any other or
iii li?rent punishment than that pro?
vided by tho law which vests him
with jurisdiction The concluding
paragraph of this order, No. 10, is in
theso words: "Any law or ordinance
heretofore in force in North Carolina
or South Carolina, inconsistent with
tho provisions of this general order,
aro hereby suspended and declared
inoperative." Thus announcing not
only a power to suspend the laws,
but to declare them generally inope?
rative, and assuming full powors of
legislation by tho military authority.
Tho ground upon whioh theso ex?
traordinary powers nre based is thus
set forth in Military Order No. 1, is?
sued in this district: "Tho civil
governments now existing in North
and South Carolina is provisional
only, nnd in all respects subject tu
tho paramount ' authority of the
United States, at any timo to abolish,
modify, control, or supercedo the
same. ' Thus far tho provisions of
the Act of Congress aro well recited.
What follows is in these words:
"Local laws and municipal regula?
tions, not inconsistent with the Con?
stitution und laws of tho United
Statos, or the proclamation of the
President, or with such regulations
as are or may be prescribed in the
- _
orders of the commanding general,
are hereby declared to be in force,
and in conformity therewith, civil
officers are hereby authorized to con?
tinue the exercise of their proper
functions, und will be respected and
obeyed by thc inhabitants."
The construction of his powers
nuder the Act of Congress places the
military commander on the same
footing as tho Congress of tho United
States. It assumes that "tho para?
mount authority of tho United States
at auy time to abolish, modify, con?
trol or supercede," is vested in him
as fully as it "was reserved to Con?
gress. Ho deems himself a repre?
sentative of that paramount authority.
He puts himself upon an equality
?with tho law-making power of tho
Union, the only paramount authority
in our Government, so far, at least,
as the enactment of laws is concern?
ed. He places himself on higher
ground thau the President, who is
simply an executive officer. He as?
sumes, directly or indirectly, all the
authority of tho State, legislative,
executive and judicial, aud iu effect
declares "I am the State."
I regret that I lind it necessary to
speak so plainly of this assumption
of authority. ? repeat, what I have
heretoforo paid, that I do not doubt
that all these orders have been issued
under an houest belief that they
vero necessary or expedient, and
fully warranted by tho Act of Con?
gress. There may be evils and mis?
chiefs iu the laws which these people
have made for themselves, through
their own legislative bodies, which
require change; but none of these
can be so intolerable as the evils
and mischiefs which must ensue
from the sort of remedy applied.
One can plainly seo what will bo the
inovitable confusion and disorder
which such dist urbances of the whole
civil policy of tho State must pro?
duce. If these military edicts are
allowed to remain even during the
brief time in which this provisional
military government inay be iu pow
ar, tho seeds will be sown for such a
future harvest of litigatiou as has
never been inflicted upon any other
people.
There is, iu my opinion, au execu?
tive duty to bo performed here which
cannot safely bo avoided or delayed;
for, notwithstanding the paramount
authority assumed Ivy these com?
manders, they are uot, even as tc
their proper executive duties, in any
seuse clothed with a paramount au?
thority. They are, at last, subordi?
nate executive officers. They are re?
sponsible to the President for thc
proper execution of their duties, nnd
upon him rests the final responsibili?
ty. They aro his selected agents.
His duty is not all performed by BC
lee ting stich agents as ho deems com
peteut; but tho duty remains witli
him to see to it that they execute
their duties faithfully and according
to law.
It is true that this Act of Congress
only refers to the President in tht
matter of selecting and appointing
theso commanders, and in tho mattel
of theil powers nnd duties under tht
law, the Act speaks in terms directly
to them; but this does not relicvt
thom from their responsibility to tht
President, nor does it relieve bin
from the constitutional obligatio!
imposed upon him, to seo that al
"tho laws be faithfully executed."
It eau scarcely be necessary to oiti
authority for so plain a propositioi
as this. Nevertheless, as we have t
recent decision completely in point
1 may as well refer to it.
Upon the motion made by tin
State of Mississippi before the Sn
promo Court of tho United States a
its late terni, for leave to file a bil
against the President of the Unitoi
States to enjoin him against execnt
ing tho very Acts of Congress nov
under consideration, thc opinion O
the court upon dismissing that mo
tiou-and it seems to have beet
unanimous-was delivered by tin
Chief Justice. I make tho followinj
quotation from the opinion: "Ver;
dillbrent is the duty of tho Presiden
in tho exercise of the to power seo tba
the laws aro faithfully executed, am
among those laws the Acts named ii
tl. . bill. Jiy tho first of these Acts
he is required to assign generals ii
command in tho several military dis
tricts, and to detail sufficient militar
force to coal >lc such officers to dis
charge their duties under tho law
P?y tho supplementary Act, othe
duties are imposed on the severn
commandiug generals, and thei
duties must necessarily be performet
ltiuU-r tho supervision of tho Presi
dent as commander-in-chief. Th
duty thus imposed on the Presiden
is in no just sense ministerial. It i
purely executive and political."
Certain questions have boen pix
pounded from ono of these militar,
districts touching tho construction c
the power of tiie military commande
to constitute military tribunals fo
tho trial of offenders, which I wi
next consider.
Whilst the Act docs not in term
displaco the regular criminal courts c
the State, it does give tho power t
the military commander, when, in hi
judgment, a necessity arises, to tak
tho administration of tho crimim
law into his own hunds, and to tr
and punish offenders by means e
military commissions.
lu giving construction to thi
power we must not forget the rt
cent aud authoritive exposition give
by tho Supreme Court of the Unite
States . s to tho power of Coi gret
to provide for military tribumds fe
the trial of citizens in time of peac<
and to tho emphatic declaration t
to .whi?',?' there was no dissent or
difference of opinion among the
judges, that such a power is not
warranted by the Constitution. A
single extract from the opinion of
the minority, as delivered by the
Chief Justico will suffice. "Wo by
no means assert that Congress can
establish and apply tho laws of war
where no war has boen declared or
exists. Where peace exists tho laws
of peace must prevail. What wo do
maintain is, that when the nation is
involved in war, aud some portions
of tho country aro invaded, and all
aro exposed to invasion, it is within
tho power of Congress to determino
in what States or districts such great
aud imminent pnblio dauger exists,
as justifies the authorization of mili?
tary tribunals for the trial of crimes
anil offences against the discipline
or security of tho army or against
tho public safety."
Limiting myself here simply to the
construction of this Act of Congress,
and to tho question in what way it
should bo executed, I havo no hesi?
tation in saying that nothing short
of au absolute or controlling neces?
sity would give any color of author?
ity for arraigning a citizen before a
military commission. A person
charged with crime in any of these
military districts has rights tobo pro?
tected, rights the mont sacred and in?
violable, and among those the right of
trial by jury, according to the laws
of the land. When a citizen is ar?
raigned before a military commission
on a criminal charge ho is no longer
under the protection of law, nor
surrounded with those safeguards
which are provided iu the Constitu?
tion.
This Act, passed in a time of peace,
when all tho courts, State and Fe?
deral, are in the undisturbed exer?
cise of their jurisdiction, authorizes,
at tho discretion of a military officer,
tho seizure, trial aud condemnation
of the citizen. Tho accused may be
sentenced to death, und the sentence
may bo executed, without indict?
ment, without counsel, without a
jury and without a judge. A sen?
tence which forfeits all thc property
of the accused requires no approval,
j If it affects tho liberty of the accused
I it requires the approval of the com
I mantling general; and if it affecte
j his life, it requires the approval oi
I the General and of thu President
I Military and executive authority rub
' throughout, in the trial, the sentence,
and the executions. No habeas corpm
' from any State court can be invoked
for this law declares that "all in
! terference, under color of State nu
thority, with the exercise of militar*
authority under this Act, shall b<
null and void."'
1 repeat it, that nothing short o:
an absolute necessity can give an
I color ot' authority to a military com
mander to call into exercise such ?
power. It is a power, the exercisi
of which may involve him and ever
one concerned in the gravest respon
sibilifies. Tho occasion for its ex
ercise should be reported at once ti
the Executive for such instruction
as may be deemed necessary mu
proper.
Questions have arisen whether
under this power, these military com
missioners can take cognizance c
offences committed before tho pass
ago of the Act, and whether the;
can try and punish for acts not mad
crimes or offences by Federal o
State law.
I nm clearly of opinion that thc
have no jurisdiction as to either
They can take cognizance of no ol
fence that has not happened af te
tho law took effect Inasmuch n
the tribunal to punish, and the mei
sure or degree of punishment ar
established by this Act, we mu;
construe it to be prospective, un
not retroactive. Otherwise it wonl
take the character of an expostfi/ac,
law. Therefore, in tho absence <
any language which it gives the A<
a retrospect, J do not hesitate to sa
it cannot apply to p^i-d offences.
There is nu legislative power give
under this military bill to establis
a new criminal eode. The authoril
given is to try and punish crimina
and offuuders, and this proccet
upon tho idea that crimes ami o
fences have been committed; bi
no person can be called a crimiu
or nu offender for doing an act wind
when done, was not prohibited 1
law.
Hut, as io tho measure of punis]
mont, I regret to be obliged to si
that it is left altogether to tho mil
tary authorities, with only this lin:
talion, that the punishment to I
inflicted shall not be cruel orunusun
Tho military commission may t
the accused, fix tho measure of pu:
ishmeut, even to the penalty
death, and direct the execution
the sontence. lt is only when the se
fence affects tho "lifo or liberty" ?
tho person that it need 1?; approv?
by the commanding general, and on
in coses where it affects the life
tho accused that it heeds also tl
approval ol' tl.o President.
As to crimes or offences again
the laws of tho United States, tl
military authority eau take no co
nizance of thom, nor in any way i
terfere with the regular ndrainistr
tion of jestice by the appropria
Federal courts.
In the opinion heretofore giv<
upon other questions arising und
these laws, I gave at largo for yo
consideration tue grounds upon whi<
my conclusions were arrived at, i
tending thereafter to stito these co
elusions iu n concise nud clear sui
mary. I now proceed to execu
that purpose, wh'dh is made especii
ly necessary from the confusion und
doubts which havo arisen upon that
opiuion iu tho public mind, caused
iu part by the errors of telegraph
and the press in its publication, and
in part by the inaptitude of the gcu
ral reader to follow carefully the
successive and dependent steps of a
protracted legal opiuion.
[Owing lo thc length of thc above,
wo aro compelled to defer tho publi?
cation of the "Summary of tho Qua?
lifications of Voters,'* until to-mor?
row. ]
COLUMBIA.
Wednesday Morning, June 19, 1867.
Thc .Yttoriiiy-Cicncrttr* Opinion.
We publish, this morning, the
opinion of Attorney-General Stan
berry on the power of district com?
manders. Wo take it from the Rich?
mond Dispatch, and wo agree with
that paper that it is far superior to
his former elaborate opiuion, which,
wc confess, we could not thoroughly
understand.
Mr. Stanberry seems at last, the
Dispatch says, to have made up his
mind. He tells thc district com?
manders, in plain terms, that they
havo usurped powers not conferred
upon them by the Acts of Congress.
This point wc have often discussed,
and wc have always taken the exact
ground now occupied by thc Attor?
ney-General. lu regard to the classes
of persons disfranchised, he has
come to the conclusion that County
officers are among the unfortunates.
All execntiue aud judicial officers
who, beforo the war, were required
to take the oath to support the Con?
stitution and afterwards engaged in
rebellion arc included by Mr. Stau
berry among tho disfranchised. This,
to be sure, is simply the language of
the law. But, as every person
knows whether as an officer he took
such oath, aud ?us it is well known
that certain officials were always re?
quired to take it, the laugitagc could
not well be improved upon.
Tho ouly question ns to which
there was any doubt was, "What are
executive and judicial officers?" This
being settled, and it being a matter
of notoriety what officers were always
required to take tho oath, there was
no occasion for doubt in auy man's
mind upon tho question of disfran?
chisement.
We commend tho careful reading
of this opinion to our readers. Our
telegraphic despatches, published
yesterday, stated that the President
would issue his orders in conformity
with it. In view of tho enforcement
of this opinion, as the National Intel?
ligence)' intimated, last week, at all
hazards, it may become oue of the
most interesting documents in tho
history of thc country, since the com?
mencement of the civil war.
FATAL ACCIDENT.-Yesterday morn?
ing, the down passenger train, when
just above Bel Air, encountered a
negro woman and her small child on
tho track. The child was instantly
killed and mortal injuries inflicted
upon tho woman. Uer husband,
who was walking on the track just j
before the accident, says he thought
bis wife had stepped off the track on i
tho opposite side from him, as she
had ample time so to do before the
approach of tho train. An inquest
was held on tho body of the child,
and a verdict rendered in accordance
with the facts.
IA tty as/a Constitutionalist.
-. ^ ?.
The Wheeling Register tells of a
yoi lg man who for .some weeks has
been wasting away to a skeleton,
owing to mysterious l?-ss of blood.
( >n awaking every morning, ho found
a fresh puncture on some part of his
body, from which blood had been
drawn. He a', length became con?
vinced that a vainpyro was sucking
his blood, and removed to another
boarding house. Since the removal,
lie is recovering his health.
A smart telegraph operator, in
Jersey City, has been paying ex?
penses by sending bogus despatches
to citizens and pocketing the sums
collected.
Punch says Mr. Gladstone is so
constantly "waited upon" by re?
formers, that he has discharged all
his footmen.
The London Morning Hei'ithl has
roason t:> believo that Jefferson Davis
will arrive in England in the month
of June.
On Saturday, the European mail
sent from New York by tinco steam?
ships embraced 10,401 packages.
The Democrats have been success?
ful iu North Kingstown and East
Greenwich, lt. I.
A mossago ou the Belgium tele?
graph over its longest line costs only
half a cent a word.
Lots of New York belles, it ?3 said,
will summer ut homo this summer,
owing to papa's impecuuiosity.
XaOOal Tt?irn ?c-i.
FKAXK LESLIE'S LADY'S MAGAZINE.
We are indebted to Mr. J. J. McCnr
ter for a copy of this umguziue for
June. It will bo well received by our
lady readers, as it contains beautiful
fashion plates, patterns, Ac
FALL or A BUILDING.-The black?
smith shop on Washington street,
occupied by Mr. McAllister, fell in,
yesterday morning, with a loud crash,
causing some alarm among the resi?
dents in tho vicinity. Fortunately,
there were only two workmen (freed?
men) in thc building at the time
one of whom escaped unhurt, and
tho other with a wound in the head
from the falling timbers. The wound
is not serious.
COBRECTIOX.-Wo were iu error in
stating that tho Africau Church, of
which wo made montion the other
dny, in noticing the layiug of the
corner stone, was a Baptist Church.
It is connected with the African
Methodist Church of the United
States. Tho ceremonies were per?
formed nuder tho supervision of
BishopWeymau, of that church, aud
thc corner-stone, wo understand, was
laid by threo Master Masons, with
the usual befitting ceremonies.
Some idle, petty thieves, we under?
stand, thinking there was some quan?
tity of coin lodged In the cavity of
the stone, removed it and found
eighty-five cents, or thereabouts.
JOB PUIXTIXG.-The Job Office of
the Phoenix is as complete as any in
the South. It is furnished with new
fonts of type of all descriptions and
of the most modern styles. All work
executed promptly, with faste and
skill, and at reasonable rates.
THE COXTEXDING RAILROADS.-The
snarl or difficulty between the South
Carolina and Columbia and Augusta
Railroads was not ended with Satur?
day's proceedings, as we thought. Ou
Monday evening, the employees o?
the South Carolina Railroad took up
tho crossing which the other road had
laid. Tho parties engaged in the
removal were brought before the
Mayor's Court, yesterday morning,
and were fined-tho Agent, Mr. Bol
liu, in the sum of $20, and three em?
ployees each i?l'J.50. The latter, we
understand, were bound over to keep
tho peace.
The interference of the municipal
authorities in this dispute seems to
be misunderstood, as we infer from :
uoto in the Charleston Mercury, of
Monday. Their interference is based
upon a city ordinance in relation to
the obstruction of a pnblic street.
The disputed point between the tw
railroad companies is directly on the
line of a street, and hence the steps
taken by tho city authorities. This
will explain to the Mercura why tho
Chief of Police, Mr. Radcliffe, pro?
ceeded, on Saturday evening, under
authority of tho City Council, to re?
move the obstruction from one of tho
streets of the city.
SEW AnVf.KTISKMKNTs.--AtU'ii:.' >U .-. l!i
. .1 to the followitii! advertisement-, wine!
ure published thin moruhi"* for the nr.
! line:
E. H. Stokes--Transient Boarding
Apply at this Office-Dog Lost. ,
llosteiter's Bitters,
lt. H. Dav-Proposals for Beef,
nev. Mr. Walker-A Card.
E. E. Jackson-Seeds,
fisher A Lowrance -Wheat Wanto
J. C. Socgera A Co.-Fresh Lag .:.
Jacob Levin-Auction.
Roms four weeks agOj Anticip?t . .
heavy decline in good?,.air. li. t . SI h
commenced his grand clearing sale?, whi<
was a success: for tho decline has c< :n<
and with it a largo lot of new goods. -
that bis will be the place to buy new g ?
and at low priced.
A CAED.
THE Hov. Mr. WALKER gratefully a
knowledges the extreme kin thies J ol !..
fellow-citizens in their efforts to e;ivi hi
home from destruction by Uro on tin mot
in-.,' v( tho 17th inst. June 19 1
FRESH LAGER
JUST IN. at wholesale and on dian .
Jqne 10_J. O- SEEOEKs A i ( ?.
Wanted,
FIVE THOUSAND BUSHELS WM EA
at market price, by
FISHER A LOWRANCE
June RI 'lin
LOST,
. V A WHITE and iii.Al Iv POIS I
7*?2S9?HU DOG PUP, about one yc-i
f?nZurr"** old -v suitable rews rd will
paid for his recovery. Apply at this i fti
June 10_
SEEDS, SEEDS. ,
WINTER DRUM-HEAD I
AND m
OREEN GLAZE CAEBAOI
E. E. JACKSON!
June IO ?

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