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$&WVFiF hIJ 'iffiCW TP- Vj s1 . '"-i". ' f.S 8K Fs. i' fU li 3 19 I. jf yi U 1 Last Battles of " J War With Spain ImiRgiRK3reiRmRi While the peace negotiations -with Spain were in progress to bring to a close the Trar which has been waged since April 21, and even alter the pro toco! was .signed and a temporary ces sation of hostilities declared, some of the most important battles of the war were fought and won. On the day the protocol was signed. Admiral Dewey and General Merritt, with the land and naval forces under their commands, made a combined attack on Manila, forcing Its surrender in twelve hours, taking 7,000 prisoners and 12,000 stands of arms. The day before, at which time Spain's answer was in the hands of the president, Manzanillo, on the south - coast of Santiago province, was bom r barded for 'twelve hours and at dawn on the day peace was declared sur rendered. Meanwhile General Miles in Porto Rico was pushing his advance lines on Sari Juan and eyen after re celvlng word of the declaration of an armistice had several lively skirmish es with the Spaniards. While Secretary of State Day "and Ambassador Cambon of France, repre senting Spain, were appending their iclgnatures to the peace protocol, Ma nila, after a stubborn resistance, was surrendered. m The stars "and stripes were flung out to the breeze that very evening on-a Btaff where had floated so proudly the banner .that for 350 years represented Spanish sovereignty in the Philip pines. Just as the fresh breeze snap ped Old Glory straight on Ihe halliards the sun, which had been behind clouds - all the week, burst out In a' flood of - brilliant light, saluting the first free flag "hoisted over the Philippines in formal recognition of oppression's overthrow and freedom's onwaid march. The cheers from land and -sea that greeted the glorious ensign- had hard ly died away when the guns of Admiral Dewey!s flagship, the Olympia, began roaring out a national salute to the new sovereignty in the Philippines. The Charleston quickly followed, and then the Raleigh, Concord, Hugh Mc Culloch, Petrel, Boston and Baltimore, and even the little Callao. that three months ago boasted allegiance to the flag that has now been supplanted. In Cuba a similar scene, although not so important, was being -enacted. On August 12 Manzanillo, on the south coast of Santiago province, west of Santiago de Cuba, -was bombarded for over twelve hourae, beginning at about 8:30 in the afternoon, when the second rate protected cruiser Newark lay 5, 000 yards off shore and threw 6-inch shells, and the gunboat Suwanee, the Osceola, Hist and Alvarado, at ranges of from 600 to S00 yards, swept the shore batteries with their 1-inch guns, 6-pounders and smaller guns. The ac tive bombardment lasted until 5 o'clock, when there was a lull for an hour. After that the Newark used her 6-inch guns every half hour through the night. At dawn the next day white flags could be seen all over the town and -also on the hills. Soon a small boat was discovered coming out to the New ark under a white flag. Two Spanish officers boarded the Newark and said that they had been instructed to in form Captain Goodrich that a peace protocol had been signed yesterday by the representatives of Spain and the United States and that hostilities had ceased. Meanwhile General Miles, unaware of the dawn of peace, was pushing his forces on toward San Juan. On Aug ust 10, three days before peace was declared, the town of Coamo was cap tured after a fight, and about the same time another force was engaging the enemy near Guayama. In. the capture of Coamo General Ernst's brigade was ordered to move at daylight.. The main body went along the military road, while Colonel Biddle of General Wilson's -staff, -with the Sixteenth Pennsylvania, made a detour to enter the town from the north. , j TheyTnet the Spanish forces oujside ; the town and a fight took place, which lasted half an hour. The fire was hot. The Spanish In the trenches were driv en out. The Spanish losses are un known. Our loss was six wounded, one seriously. While this battle was being waged the Fourth Ohio was having a skir- iflirilSIHiWFl BBbSB&Li ttialEL ji?lcmBY?mBaaaiamct 72hBS9DebsVBiBH M V-j5lt. iamTjft-- mm? oajaar &.HirsEfAmT9 'LnciYyion WMWeym&t kcQLM5 oi(jcor mish about five miles beyond Guayama, The Americans were caught in an am buscade and had it net been for speedy reinforcements Companies A and -C would have probably been wiped out As it was several cf them were wound ed. This was the last fight in the war. CELESTIAL PHOTOGRAPHY. The Sensitire Plate Reveals More Than the .Eye Can ?ee. In September St. Nicholas there is an article on "Photography: Its Mar vels," by Elizabeth Flint Wade. The author says: Almost the first use in science to which the new discovery was put was the photographing of the moon, the first recorded picture being made by Prof. Draper, and presented to the New York Lyceum of Natural History. His son Henry grew so fond I of astronomical photography that on leaving college he went to Ireland to see the great reflecting telescope of LLord Rosse. After seeing it he deter mined to make one like it. The repu- tation of the Yankee boy that he.can make not only the thing he undertakes but also the machine that makes -it was proved to be deserved by, Henry Draper, for he made -and he mounted the first -American reflecting telescope. With it he tcck over fifteen hundred photographs of the heavens; and "the instrument is still in use in Harvard observatory. The telescope not only L reveals more than can be seen by the eye alone, but the sensitive film sur- passes the power of the eye when aid ed by -the telescope, for the camera records on the films objects which the eye can not see through the greatest magnifying lenses. No matter how far away or how dimly it shines, the light of the faintest star in time impresses the film, and thus that which is invis ible to the eye becomes visible on the plate. In celestial photography the camera is kept moving during the tak ing of a picture. The exposure some times lasts several hours, and if the camera were stationary the motion of the earth would soon carry the subject out of line with the telescope. The camera, therefore, is attached to the tube of the telescope, and the object to be photographed is brought Into the lens at the interesection of two cross wires. Then, by a system of clock work, the telescope moves so that the subject occupies the same position on the plate during the exposure. In the picture of the Swift comet may be seen small white lines. These are the marks or trails of the stars. The telescope was adjusted to the speed of the comet, and as it traveled much faster than the stars the photographs of the stars appear as streaks instead of as points of light. It Is another curious feature of celestial photogra phy that a plate may be exposed sev eral nights on the same subject I have seen star cluster and nebulae pic tures which were exposed, the former on one and the latter on four succes sive evenings. The picture showing the nebulae required a total exposure of thirteen hours and forty-four min utes. ' il -tte. rT 'iLv.zrr zzzr 1.UUI. AIV UEO.LUCU UUU. X'CilJi-" "Hawaii is no heathen land. It has had missionaries for one hundred years and while the natives may be heathen, the land is in possession of the Chris tian 3." Cincinnati Enquirer. gig ! A VlCTOKrAT rtWZANH-Uq vTZ- ?" "" v yr in MtiB P, . Baar w T r ' -raz&r mr j.. --r i&Mf JMMr WT Li " THROUGH tHfiiE20NES-i Tfca Orecom'a 'Teyas a Trfamaa f e Ay 'Sfcly aa4 a Wamaer fr Battleship. -Monday, Mar 9." the'Oregon leftBa hia, and on the second night" out" pass el a fleet of Teasels which she believed were the Spaniards. On Mar 1 the Spaniards -were reported at Curacao, so-it Is hardly possible that the Oregon could have been near the enemy that night With all lights out, however, she- passed these vessels in the dark ness, according to her orders, which were to "avoid- all ships and make for home." She put into Barbados, flying a yellow quarantine flag to keep off inquisitive strangers, and within six teen hours was off again, at full speed, making 420 miles in twenty-four hours. Upon receiving a dispatch announcing her arrival at Barbados, the secretary of the navy .had given out to thanation that the great battleship was safe." Jupiter Lighthouse, on the southeast ern coast of Florida, was signaled on Tuesday, the 24th, and again reported the Oregon to Washington. Two days later she anchored nt Sands Key, off Key West safe at home, after the longest voyage ever made by a battle ship And what was her condition after her wonderful journey?- Her officers reported: "All in good -health; everything shipshape; .no accidents i net even a hot journal." After a stay at Key West long enough to fling the coal into her bunkers, she joined the fleet. They were drawn up in a wide semi-circle, and she came sweeping into the midst of them at fifteen knots an hour, like a winner of a yacht race, chaered by all the Jack Tars! As the Chicago Times-Herald -says, her voyage J IsJ'a. triumph for any ship, and a won- der for a battleship." Over -15,000 miles withouta miahap, and fifty-nme days at sea, "through two .oceans and three zones," on the alert for. an ene my during more than half the time surely it is a marvelous record, and one not likely to be. repeated. Do you kmow what it means? .A battleship has fully seventy machines on board, run by .137 steam cylinders. She -is an enormous fortress, crammed with I delicate and complicated machinery. To build her, sail her, care for her and fight with her requires brains, skill, care, honesty, fortitude in short all the Christian and a few pagan virtues Photography In the Court. Photography is often called inte court as a witness whose testimony can not be impeached. It is a detec tive of forged or disguised handwrit ing; for no matter how clever an imi tation or alteration, the eye of the camera will search out, and the sen sitive plate display, the fraud. A very important case, in which the entries In a document were in question, led to the building of what is probably the largest camera in the world. The bel lows may be extended twenty-five feet, and is connected with a dark room, which also serves as a plate holder. The lens seems out of all proportion to the size of the camera, being but two inches in diameter, but Its mag nifying power is so great that letters one-fourth of an inch in height can be enlarged to seven and one-half feet and appear in their exact dimensions and without the slightest apparent dis tortion. St Nicholas. Her Idea of It. "Weil, I'm glad o one thing. Oui Jim seems to have good religious com pany." "How is that, mother?" "His last letter says he's comin' home in a converted yacht" Cleveland Plain Dealer. - . - - Treating a Serrant Shabbily. Hicks Grudger prides himself upon his lifrfrrrv ntt-ninTnoTif-c XT nUimn be a erfect the En! ittuguuge. wicks mats no. reason that he should treat it so shabbily. Terrible Straits In the Klondike. "Fearful destitution up at the Klon dike," said Biggs. "Awful," returned Wimbleton. "I'm told that a wooden legged man up there had to chop his leg up into toothpicks." WHICH ARE YOU? The woman who tosses her head and steps on her toe as she walks is a coquette. She trifles too much wltti love, and is just the woman to miss a good husband and be sorry ever after. The quiet man will never be happy with the woman who digs her heela into the pavement and scurries along as if she were running a race. She !a businesslike and most likely the worn an to succeed in trade affairs, but bar manner is one of those simple things that worry the quiet mam to death. The girl who cannot walk witkovt skipping is one of those wild, glad gushers, who, when she has motklng else to rave over, raves witk Joy be cause it is Sunday or Monday, or Teea. day, or whatever the day of the I happens to he; she ia equally aaa urea la a see-saw atmosphere of exaltaUom or despair. QUEEN'S PAETNEB. Olaff Olsen made . up his mind ke would go to the Klondike. It took kirn, a long time to make up his mind. It took him a longer time to get to the Klondike. In the first place he made a mistake. He selected the trail from Skaguay over the White Pass to Lake- Bennett Now that was bad, but not so bad as his next error. He would not give it up and go by the Chilkoot Pass, though he heard Chilkoot was much easier. But that does not say much for the Chilkoot Pass. "No," said Olaff, "I started to go over the White Pass, and I is goin to make it over the White Pass." Olaff had a hard time on the trail, though he didn't know it. That is to say, any other man would have thought it a hard time; hut Olaff, expecting bad things, had no "kick," as he expressed it against adversity. Olaff was an exceptional man on the trail phenomenally exceptional. For on a trail where each man had one partner at least and most many, Olaff preferred having no partner. "Anoder man in the party besides me won't du," he said. "I might want to do one. thing and him anoder; besides, I don't want no pardner, no how. Pardners always means trouble." The experience of many men on the trail confirmed the wisdom of Olaff's views. Nothing discouraged Olaff. When misfortune overtook him, he set to work to "do what he could for the best" Up before daybreak, he cooked a substantial breakfast for he be lieved In feeding himself well and with fifty pounds more on his back than any other man could carry started off on the trail, climbing over rocks and wading through mud, keeping at it all day with a short interval for lunch. It took him ten days to move his outfit from station to station. Diffi culties too great for other men never prevented Olaff from moving forward. If he could not -make ten miles, he made five; if not five, he made two. But he always kept moving forward. When some of his provisions were sto len he "rustled," as he called it, and worked for others until he had earned enough to replace what had been sto len. Then he moved on his own out fit. When at last he reached Lake Bennett, he built a boat and- calmly set sail without any of the excitement which others exhibited. Men wanted to buy a passage in his boat and assist him to manage it, but Olaff said: "No; I don't want no passengers, and I guess I can handle the boat myself." At the Tagish Lake Custom House Olaff worked four days to pay for the duty on his goods, and went on his way without the delay ruffling his tem per. He sailed his boat around the point at Windy Arm, when thirty other boats hauled up on the beach. .W KEEPING AT IT. Approaching Miles canon men shouted to warn Olaff to land and lighten his boat and wait for the pilot "That's the canon!" they shouted. "Miles canon." "Is it?" said Olaff, "I've been watch ing for it all day." And he took his boat through and on through the White Horse Rapids without moving an eye lid. But now floating ice began to impede Olaff's progress. "I'll keep going till she freeze up," he said. And he did. She froze up when Olaff had got to Five Fingers, and Olaff went in to camp. He built a shed and ate up his grub until he had left what he could pull. About Christmas Olaff started for Dawson on the ice with more on his sled than any two men could pull. He made slow progress, but he said: "I shall come there some time if I keep moving." Four miles a day does't seem much, but if persisted in.it counts up, and at last Olaff arrived in Dawson. He immediately moved up the creek and went to work prospecting. To hi3 surprise a lead-pencil prospector jumped his claim. Olaff moved to another location, found good prospects, and recorded. Then he built a cabin and settled down to work. He put in eleven solid hours a day. His claim was 500 feet, and as he looked around he felt pleased. He had all the gold he wanted, he thought, and it was all his own. He congratulated himself dally on having no partner. Some stampeders camped one night at Olaff's cabin, and discussed the min ing regulations. Yukon stampeders are strange. Yukon mining regulations are still stranger. Olaff learned te his dismay that half of his claim did not belong to him. It belonged to -the Queea. the stampeders said. Olaff was arigfctfly troubled. He stopped work fag and thought over the situation. Then he went down to Dawson, took kls place ia line behind acme hundreds etkers-outside the commiasieaer'a of fee, and wasted patiently for admit- ,L Tme thermometer registered 53 degrees below, but Olaff "wanted to see the'guld commissari," and that was a detail he could not remedy. After .waiting two hours and a half he got in. 'T want to see the guld commissar!," said Olaff to a worried-looking maa seated behind a roughly made desk and some gold scales. "I am the gold commissioner," was the reply; "what do'you want?" "I want to know the Queen's ad dress." said Olaff. "Somebody's always wantlag to know something," said the commis sioner. "What do yom want wit! the Queen's address?" "Well," said Olaff, "the Queen and me is pardners on a claim up the creek, and I 'don't want to be pardners nohow. So I want to write to the Queen to know if she'll buy my 250 feet or sell her 250 feet to me. I don't want no pardners, and. anyhow, the Queen's not putting any work into the claim." The commissioner advised Olaff not to write, but to wait and see what the future would bring, hinting at possible changes in the law. Olaff went back to his claim, but had no heart for work. It worried him to have a pard ner, more especially a lady and one of so exalted rank. But Olaff found It hard work; thinking and idling were strange to him, so he gradually drifted into working regularly on his claim as hard as ever. As time went on Olaff sized up mat ters something as follows,, and grew contented: "I don't want no pardner, but my pardner's never here to bother me. She doesn't put any work into the claim, but-then she's a lady, and I wouldn't let her work nohow, even if she wanted to. If a man must have a nardner, he can't have jio J)etter pardner than the Queen. She'sall right as a pard ner." Ofaft is still working on hi claim, and the only thing that troubles him is whether his partner will come for her share of the dust after the wash up, or whether it will be his duty to take the dust to her. But Olaff is de termined the Queen will get her share, for fie says: "She's a good rardner." Ex. ENGLAND OWNED MANILA. Both tho FMIipplne and Cuba Were Once British Fos-esians Both the great island possessions in the West and East Indies, respec tively which are now the seats of war between Spain and the United States, were for a time during the last cen tury possessions of the British empire, says the fortnightly Review. Havana and Manila were both captured by Great Britain in 1762. and Cuba and the Philippines occupied. A very rare and interesting "Plain Narrative" of the capture of Manila was published by Rear Admiral Cornish and Brigadier General Draper in reply to accusations of infringement of the capitulations made against these officers by the Spaniards. Their own allegations are sufficiently strong: "Through the whole of the above transactions the Spaniards, by evasions, avoided com plying with the capitulations in every one respect, except in bringing the money from the Misericordia and Or dentacara (ships), which it was out of their power to secrete. They basefully and ungratefully took up arms against us after having their lives given them. They preached publicly In their churches rebellion," etc. At the peace of Paris (1763), however, which con cluded the seven j ears' war, Canada, Louisiana, and various islands in the West Indies having been ceded by France, and Florida and Minorca by Spain, Great Britain on her part ceded to the latter power Cuba and the Phil ippines. Yet there is still to be seen or was during my residence at Manila at the mouth of the Pasig, and under the ramparts, a dilapidated brick and stucco monument with an inscription celebrating the expulsion of the invad ing British by the noble and patriotic Don Simon de Anda an inscription which afforded great amusement to British naval officers visiting the port Bacteriological Cooking. A Konigsberg doctor. Dr. Jager, re cently gave a course of hygiene and bacteriology for ladies, which included practical exercises in applied 'bacteriol ogy for instance, in the preparation and preservation of food by methods used in bacteriological work. At the close of the lecture the hearers were allowed to invite their friends to an exhibition of kitchen products some raw and cooked which had remained in a warm room for periods ranging from five to sixteen days, and which were all found perfectly fresh and quite unchanged in appearance and taste. Nor, says the British Medical Journal, had any complicated procedure been required to attain this result The method simply consists in: (1) The use of vessels with well-fitting, overlapping lids, instead of the inside lids used in kitchens all the world over, which allow stray bits cf matter that may adhere to their rim to fall Into the food; (2)avoidance of opening the ves sels In which the food was kept, or, where this was indispensable, careful manipulation, as in bacteriological work; and (3) the use of cotton wool as a. covering. Cotton-wool lids had been specially prepared to fit the wide tops of the food vessels; they con sisted of a circular disk of cotton wool, tightly held between two metal rings, the outer of which formed the overlap ping rim of the lid. London News. The UmlTeraal Kclbrto., The partial in religion is giving way to the universal in religion, and the universal religion is to have ita in creasing number of teachers and is to build its ckurcheaj. in'whJckaef smut will be a slraagar-aad the gates there of will aot be closed by day. Rev. J. Lloyd Jones. THE VOICE IN, WAR. It la SmmUbw UwImihI atgaato Ave Svhatltvt. From the Hartford Courant: With the modern rapid firing guns thfere is little firing by men irn'masa, except! when the company "rallies" to repel' an attack. Then a circle or semi circle is formed round the officers andv the bullets are sent as fast as they can travel. Tn the "extended " order" oat the skirmish line, it is impossible for a man to "hear himself think,' but with a line extending rows away to the right and left and with a strong wind blowing, to say nothing of the musketry, the officer's voice cannot be equal to the emergency. So he re sorts to signals' visual, with his sword when smoke and landscape will allow; otherwise with the bugle, or with a hoarse whistle in the hilt of his sword. Properly drilled soldiers of 1S93 read ily interpret the signals. Those with the sword are simple; those by bugle; or whistle are combinations of long and short blasts, as, for example, one long one, "Halt!" Two long ones, "For ward!" Two short ones and the long one, "To the rear!" Two long. ones and two short ones, "Commence fir ing!" One long one and two. short ones, "Cease firing!" "The non-commissioned officers along the line, hear ing these signals, repeat the commands to the men. Aboard ship there also is great economy of vocal power. If the. steel -sides "of the vessel are not being pounded oy shot and shell, the officers can make themselves heard' be tween shots, but their words are few. As for the men, the experience of an observer aboard one of our vessels at the destruction of Cervera's fleet is to the point He said he expected to hear the men rush to quarters with a yell and then cheer as they" saw the enemy's discomfiture. On the contra ry, the only sound was the boom of the guns, the men going on with their' work like silent machines. Yet the human voice has its value., Who shalf say that it is any less than those from metal throats? It comes when there's a lull in the firing, when bayonets are fixed, when men nerve themselves and start forward at a run over the short but shot swept space between them and the enemy. Then the voice will make itself heard no rules or regulations ever could prevent it if they tried. Seemingly it is the shout that carries the men onward, upward, over the breastworks. We heard considerable about the differentiation between the southern cry and the Northern cheer during the civil war. The former was a high-keyed, piercing yell, tho latter a deep-chested "Hurrah," leav ing out of the word all but the vowel sound. How do they sound now, blended? America's foemen will never stop to tell. And Emperor William is introducing the "Hurrah" in Germany as a substitute for the old-time, choky "Hoch." The way he is doing it is by giving the triple "Hurrah" on con cluding toasts and solemn speeches. Then the cheer gets recognition in court circles and finally is adopted by the army. The emperor knows a good thing when he hears it, and Amerjca and England which country also ha3 the "Hurrah"--can afford to let him have this without diplomatic inquiry. Hut may he and his armies never b called upon to hear it "roll up against the Stars and Stripes in battle. HOUSEHOLD INVENTORY. An Admirable Idea for Keeping- Track or One's Belonging. One of the latest aids toward sim-' plifying one's responsibilities is the In ventory of Household Goods, which la In the form of a small pamphlet do- signed for the use of housekeepers who are going to rent their flats furnished, send their goods to storage warehouses or insure them, or for those systematic women who demand such a list for the peace of their souls. These inventories are very comprehensive and should be a part of every well regulated house hold. A page is devoted to each sep arate room parlor, library, dining room, kitchen; bed rooms, bath room, etc. Under different captions are spaces for the number of each article 3 chairs, 2 sofas, etc.; their values, descriptions, location. Not a kitchen utensil is omitted; not a piece of bric-a-brac, or a soap dish. Whoever is re sponsible for the making of the lists has done the work in a thorough man ner. At the back of the book are some odd pages, for a fuller description of the bric-a-brac and the books, so that a detailed description may be written and books named by title, binding, etc Whoever has wrestled with the horrors of packing and unpacking or with the absolute ignorance that assails one after a fire as to the extent of loss will be gratefully conscious of the posses sion of one of these aids to memory and to a good temper. A Kean Anecdote. In playing Richard III. Charles Kean Indulged in a series of dreadful grim aces which the conventions of the times regarded as appropriate accessories oi the role. He was playing the piece in a prominent town, and had occasion to take on a man to enact the part of the sentinel who" awakes Richard and an nounces: " "lis I, my lord, the village clock hath twice proclaimed the hour of morn." Unfortunately Kean mads such dreadful grimaces that the senti nel forgot his lines and stammered:. Tis I, my lord, 'tis J, my lord; the village cock! Tis I, my lord, the vil lage cock!" "By this time there was a decided titter all over the house, aad Kean then said: "Then why the mis chief don'fyou crow?" which, needless m say, brought down the house. Am Ereat at Maaaeat. "What is that dreadful crowdr - . don't know. Either Hobson is ia toWr or skirt waists are marked down to M eemts." Ckkago Record vi 1 tl &1 , H" A fei . J fV "'J. .&T:rfV JL . . tl "'! -TiriBr iHITii -it 'iTy-ilT -.THl V '11TI