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The Billings Gazette. SEMI=WEEKLY. VOL. XV. BILLINGS, YELLOWSTONE COUNTY, MONTANA, TUESDAY, MAY 30, 1899 NO. Ii Wa 1h for Our Spring Shoes See Our "Little Giant" Line of Children's and Boys' Shoes Misses' and Children's Rubber Boots ALL SIZES John 0. losekamp "Famous Outfitter." PROFESSIONAL CARDS. JAB. B. R. GO8, LAWYER. Office First National Bank Building. H E. ARMSTRONG, M. D., PHYSICIAN and SURGEON. Belknap Block, - Billings, Montana. DR. J. H. RINEHART, PHYSICIAN and SURGEON. Office in First National Bank building, Billings, Monta ANDREW CLARK, M. D. HARRIET FOXTON-CLARK, M. D., C. M. PHYSICIANS and SURGEONS. Rooms 6 and 7, First National Bank Building. Night calls answered at office. pR. E. P. TOWNSEND, PHYSICIAN and SURGEON. Office and Residence on Twenty-Ninth Street North, two doors north of Cottage Inn. Office strictly private. All calls will receive prompt attention. Telephone 118. O. F. GODDARD. ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Office over First National Bank. J B. HERFORD, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Room 9, Belknap Block, - Billings, Montana. FRED H. HATHHORN, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. Office-Room 4. First National Bank Building. Billings, Montana. JOHNSTON & JOHNSTON. LAWYERS. Room 18. Belknap Block. CHARLES L. HARRIS. LAWYER. Room 12, Belknap Block, - Billings, Montana J D. MATHESON, Real Estate aed Life Insurance. Room 12, Belknap Block. A. FRASER Notary Public, Justice of the Peace, U. S. Commissioner, General Commission Merchant. Boom 8. First National Bank Building, Billings. ITLE ABSTRACT COMPANY, ABSTRACTS OF TITLE To all real property in Yellowstone county. Montana, compiled by Geo. M. Hays and Austin North Company. Titles examined and complete abstracts furnished. Office next north Grand Hotel. Telephone 123. 4593 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL ... BANK.,. OF BILLINGS -0 CAPITAL, - $50,000 SURPLUS, - - $20,000 -- A. L. BABCOCK, President. DAVID FRATT, Vice.Pres. G. A. GRIIGS. Cashier. E. H. HOLLIBTER. Ass't Cash. DIREOTORS. A. L. BABROCK, DAVID FRATT, . A. A. GRIG, ED. CARDWELL, PETER LARSON. -0- Regular Banking in all its Branches. Safe Deposit Bowes Rented. *ecial Attention Given to Collections. --0o- DKealers in Foreign and Domipestic Exchange FIRST ilTIOl.i.ALi BANK -) OF - BILLI$GS, IIONTANA Paid Up Capital, - $150,000 Surplus and Profits, - 10,000 P. B. Moss, President. H. W. ROWLEY, Vice-Pres. S. F. MORSE, Cashier. S. G. REYNOLDS, Asst. Cash. DIRECTORS: Chas. T. Babcock, Jos. Zimmerman, H. W. Rowley, G. W. Woodson, P. B Moss. transact a general banking busi ness. Collections promptly made and remitted for. B llngs~PurnitP e i j4 able hinen, Towel andt napkin BILLINGS F lnitare & Ca pet 4 COMP _NY A GRADUATING CLASS Six Young People Complete Their Work in the Billings High School. A MEMORABLE EVENT One Long" to Be Remembered by Grad uates. Relatives and Friends. Synopsis of Orations. Another event was added in th is tory of the Billings high school atur day night, whqy the graduati exer cises of the class of '99 were ela and six young people complet d eir studies and passed out into the ~ rld to enter the active pursuits of life. The class was the second one to leave the Bill ings schools and was the largest by one. Fred Penrod was the only young man in the class and has the honor of being the first to graduate from the city schools. The opera house was taste fully decorated with streamers, flowers and potted plants, the class colors, pink and green, being quite prominent. The five young women of the class were daintily attired in white gowns, while the young getlemen member wore black. The class motto "Nullo Secundus," a Latin phrase meaning "Second to None," was prettily worked out in gold letters with pink and green background over the front of the stage. The graduates and the relatives and friends and those interested in the high school and its work will remember the occasion all their lives. The graduates were the recipients of many lovely bouquets and baskets of roses. The opera house was crowded, many standing and a number being turned away from the doors unable to gain ad mittance. Each graduate delivered an essay or oration, a portion of each one following below. In justice to all it is but fair to state that each one ac quitted himself or herself in a highly creditable manner and the orations showed careful thought and prepara tion. The programme opened with a splendid overture by the orchestra, fol lowed with an invocation by Rev. W. D. Clark. Throughout the evening the programme was iterspersed with music, a ladies' quartette, composed of Misses Martha Denham and Dora Gruwell, Mesdames Tompkins and Barstow, and a male quartette, comprising Messrs. H. M. Allen, Ira L. Whitney, E. H. Hollister and C. F. Young, each sang a fine selection. Miss Denham also sang a beautiful solo and encore, being in splendid voice for the occasion. A cornet duet by Messrs. H. A. VanHorne and W. O. Allen was another pleasing musical number. At the close of the orations, Judge Jas. R. Goss, president of the board of trustees, made the pres entation of diplomas to the graduates, complimenting them upon having run a sucoessful race and doing well. When he had closed, Principal H. M. Bray ton addressed the class, reviewing their school work and speaking of the regret that was felt upon bieng called to bid them good-bye and that .they would be greatly missed from the school. The orchestra then played a selection and after benediction by Rev. Clark, the programme came to a close and rela tives and friends of the graduates hast ened onto the stage and showered con graulations and well wishes upon them. Salutatory, "A Philnuthropic Movement," by Miss Winifred Rixon. The salutatory was given by Miss Winifred Rixon. After extending a cordial welcome to all present she took up the subject"A Philanthropic Move ment." She said: "We meet tonight to celebrate the end of school days and to hail the be ginning of serious life-the day, the months, the years have passed by and at last our course is finished. We have looked forward to this night as a period. in our. lives of much importance to us and I, in behalf of my class, welcome you to these commencement exercises of the class of 1899. Looking back through countless centuries, the fate of the wounded soldier was to be left alone upon the battlefield, there to watch eagerly for the moment when pain and exhaustion would bring to him the only reward which emperors and kings were liberal with-the glory of dying for a country. Little interest was manifested in the final lot of the sick or wounded patriot until the Crimean war, when the effect of the press upon the sympathies of an intelli gent people became evident. When re ports were found showing that the gov ernment had falied to supply suflecient medical aid, that soldiers were dying from pestilences; that men, wounded in battle, lay in the trenches, where they fell; that they were unfed and un cared for, the British nation was filled with horror and indignation. Sidney Herbert, realising that a civil organisa tion would be better able to cope with these humane duties, wrote to Florence Nigmtingale, supervisor of a London hospital, in regard to such an organiza tion. A few days later she, with a band of forty women, started for the field of battle. Her success in what later became the special work of the Red Cross is known throughout the world and she is regarded as one of the highest and noblest ideals of character. The Geneva treaty constitutes what is known as the treaty of the Red Cross, which opens the ranks of the armies to the direct aid of the people for the re lief of the sick and wounded. This treaty is signed by forty nations. It was at the beginning of the civil war that Clara Barton first took an interest in this work. From that time her life has been devoted to this great work. It was not until 1882 that our congress agreed to the Geneva treaty. Our last congress passed a bill protecting the symbol of the order and there will be no more Red Cross cough drops, Red Cross washing machines and Red Cross whisky. Much was done by this so ciety to relieve the suffering in the late war. Next to the flag of their country all true men and soldiers love and honor the flag of the Red Cross." "The Nicaragua Canal" Ly Miss Delia Loftss. Another subject foremost in the minds of the American people at the present time is the above, and the ora tion of Miss Loftus showed that much study had been devoted to it. The speaker said in opening: "How often in life is a person denied the one thing he desires before all others-the one thing sought is unat tainable. Was it not thus in the case of Columbus? At the time when suc cess seemed attainable, he found his progress checked. Nature had placed a barrier in the way which not even his perseverance could surmount. It remained for Balboa to make known to the nations the small extent of this isthmian obstacle stretching between the Atlantic and Pacific. Balboa's plan to break through this barrier and thus reduce the sailing distalce around the world by more than one-third of its circumference 'has been the desire of thousands. The discovery of a great lake, now known as Nicaragua, to gether with its outlet, the San Juan river, seemed to indicate that at this point easy access could be gained to the Pacific. From that time until the present many examinations and various schemes have been devised for the pro ject. While the failure of Count de Lesseps has prevented great capitalists from making the necessary heavy in vestments, still the people of the United States have never doubted the practicability of the scheme, nor have they ever faltered in the idea that the canal should be under the control of our government." She spoke of what had been done on the project from Grant's administration to the present time in the way of investigation, and of the defeat by our last congress of the bill to appropriate $100,000.000 for its construction, which she said was, no doubt, due to a powerful lobby. "It is no easy matter to convince seventy millions of people that this canal should be undertaken. Perhaps the re cent voyage of the battleship Oregon and its return trip together with the Iowa have done more thap anything else to convince us that the canal is a necessity. Yet there are many reasons why it is desirable. Will it not greatly benefit our commerce, both domestic and foreign? The time and cost of transportation will be greatly les sened." She spoke of the increased market in Europe for Pacific coast products which would result from the opening of the canal and that the west alone would not reap all the benefits. The manufactured goods of the east would find a more ready sale and the south with its cotton and pig-iron would be vastly benefitted." Three fourths of the commerce of the South American ports," said Miss Loftus, "is with Europe, but with the advantages gained by the canal, we would secure control over a larger portion of this commerce. The desirability of the canal as a means of defense appeals to the judgment of all. We may never be called upon to test our valor or strength in a trial of arms, yet foreign aggres siveness may compel us to resort to con flict, in which event the canal would be a short gate from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The possibilities of such a conflict are sufficient reason for us to insist, in days of peace, on a provision that may be of immense worth to us in days of war. Since the changes that have come to us as a result of the late war, it is an absolute necessity, if we are to take a part in the development of the Pacific, we must construct and own this canal. The opportunity is now presented for us to complete the interrupted work of Columbus and thus bring greater wealth and greater pros perity to the United States." "Imperialism" by Fred Penrod. With the subject "Imperialism," the only young man in the class, Fred Pen rod, proved himself a splendid orator. His subject is a most popular one with the people and Mr. Penrod made a gooa impression with his speech. A portion of his oration is as follows: "Perhaps there is no question that is troubling the minds of this great com monwealth more than that of expan sion. This nation is entering upon an era not even dreamed of by our fore fathers, and in this critical period she has but the only successful nation Great Britain to guide her. While we could have no better example than that of England, do we, as a peaceful na tion, that so far in history has ab stained from the quarrels of that great Aceldama, the European world, wish now to enter upon a different career? That grand old man, John Quincy Adams, said: 'Wherever the standard of freedom and independence has been or shall be unfurled there will be her heart, her prayers and her benedictions. She is the champion and vindicator only of her own. She well knows that by once enlisting under other banners than her own, she would involve her self beyond all power of extrication in every war of interest and intrigue, of individual avarice, of envy and ambi tion, which assume the color and usurp the standard of freedom.' At the time this was said there was no thought of undertaking conquests or of expanding our boundaries. Yet Mr. Adams saw the danger that would befall the Ameri can people if such a course was pur sued. It remains for you to see how near those prophetic utterances apply to the present events. The, only mode of expansion the nation can take up is that of colonization. It cannot start with conquest because the American people being lovers of liberty and inde pendence could not go out and carry on a war of conquest against an uncivi lized people. If they thought of adopt ing such a course they can but remem ber how, in 1775 at the battles of Lexington and Concord, their forefath ers laid down their lives on the altar of freedom, they can but recollect how precious liberty was to their forefath ers, how they sacrificed all for this love. Then after thinking and looking back over the events of '75 and '80, can they conscientiously start out on an ex pedition of murder, ravage and con quests? Of the 8,00,000 people in the Philippine islands, every drop of blood shed would mark them martyrs strug gling against the rapacious advance ments of a nation which has heretofore followed the 'ways of pleasantness' and 'paths of peace.' " The speaker gave his reasons why we should not keep the Philippines, chief among them being the necessity of keeping a large stanaing army ana Increasea naval force, and stated that a grgeat question is before us. He said that $20,000,000 had been paid for the islands and asked what is to be done with them. He said that in case this government assumes annexation, what form of government would be given to the islands. In the words of Bishop Potter, "We have cer tainly attained a position in our rela tions with the rest of the world that is absolutely unprecedented in history," and it remains for the people of the United States alone to form the conclu sion to best and brightest century in the history of the world. -"A Scientific Wonder" by Miss Hattle Brayton. In a description of "A Scientific Wonder" Miss Hattie Brayton told of the marvelous use of liquid air and its probable uses in a few years. "All substances in our universe," she said, "are one of three conditions, solid, liquid or gaseous. Most elements can exist in two if not all of these states, for instance, water is a solid when ice, a gas when steam or vapor. For mainy years it was thought by philosophers that on account of conditions necessary to human life, it was impossible to re duce air to any form except the gaseous. But in 1877, by the combina tion of great cold and enormous pres sure upon oxygen, Raul Pictet produced a few clear, bluish drops of liquid which bubbled and then disappeared as SLinton Clothing Co. (IOTHING AND FURNISHINGS Everything of the Latest and Nobbiest for Mer's Wear. HATS AND CAPS BOOTS AND SHOS The Best Selected Stock in all Eastern Montana. IT he Linton Clothing .~ a white frosty mist. Nitrogen, the other important constituent of air, was successfully liquified several years later. It was at this time that Prof. Dewar of England produced some quantity of not only liquid oxygen, but liquid air, at a cost of about $8,000 an ounce. Since the success of this ex periment scientists believe that every substance can be reduced to any of the three conditions. By heat it may be vaporized, by extreme cold, even the most refractory gas be reduced to a sparkling liquid or snowy solid. These experiments attracted the attention of Mr. C. E. Tripler, a civil engineer of New York, who worked earnestly for eight years with the result that now the liquid which was produced at such great expense is made by the barrelat a cost of about 20 cents a gallon. When extreme cold and pressure are ap plied to the air we breathe a liquid with a slight bluish tinge is obtained. This liquid is not wet to the touch but causes severe cold, being about 312 de grees below zero. It was not until lately that compressed air was used instead of gasoline or electricity for imotive power, but this is likely to be superdeded by the use of liquid air, the motive power of which is its most im portant factor. Mr. Tripler has suc ceeded in running a smaU engine in his laboratory with liquid air and thinks that if small engines may be made to run, why not large ones, and he is en gaged on a method by which liquid air may be used in practical machinery. It is thought that because of the small ampunt of space occupied by liquid air it will be applied in aerial navigation. "+ She said that in many cases metals could be frozen by the use of liquid air and that fruit, butter and eggs may be frozen so hard that they may be re duced to a fine, dry powder. "It is impracticable to keep this liquid closely shut, or in an open vessel on ac count of its tendency to evaporate." She said, "The discovery of liquid air suggests an explanation for the fact that the moon is without atmosphere. The heat was radiated from the moon till the air, becoming cooled below 312 degrees below zero was probably pre cipitated as moisture, and as the cold increased crystalized." It is not at all improbable that millions of years hence this will occur to the earth as it is rapidly radiating its heat. So many new discoveries are made in science nowadays that people are ready to be lieve almost any statement that is en dorsed by a scholarly name; but, while the name of Mr. Tripler has been be fore the country for so short a time, it promises to remain permanently as sociated with the greatest scientific. wonder of the closing century.". "Progress" by Miss Trudence Miller.. Miss Trudence Miller's subject was "Progress." She spoke of the ad vancement of the United States in all the different lines of work. She said in part: "The close of each day finds us either advancing or retrograding, we are never standing still; when the sun sets we are not where we were at its rising, we have progressed or we have re treated; every action advances or re tards our gro*th; every organ of our body, when unused, loses its function; every time we fail to use our power it becomes weaker; every time we fail to embrace an opportunity for doing good we lose the desire for so doing. Pro gress must be made in the mental world-mind unless cultivated becomes stagnant. So a nation must advance or it will retrograde, it is an impossi bility for it to remain stationary." She took Spain as an example of retro gression and told how Spain had at one time been "mistress of the sea and her Continued on Second Page.