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Maumee City express. [volume] (Maumee City, Ohio) 1838-184?, December 15, 1838, Image 2

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they received a premium of twelve and a half
dollar, on etch one. hundred dollars of six per
cent Block contracted for, -n ,u .."!,tin,l
Considering th'iS to be en unpropitious tune
t tell the itate stock, they concluded to post
Bona netrotiatins anv further Wane, until July
followinu. believim? that the amount . tlien con
tracted for, would be eutficient.for the time be
ing, to meet all the requirement! of the atate
improvements, men in progress. ,,ui wo
thnn cantractad. thev transferred, at once,
from New York, Ave hundred thousand dol
lars, to the United State Bank of Pennsylva
nia, in the city of Philadelphia, on which a pre
mium of 3 per cent, was received. Thi fame
fund wti transfetred to Ohio, by the Commer
ial Bank ofCincinnati, at a premium of 3 14
100 per cent., making an entire premium on
thie amount of the loan of U 14-100 per cent.
The residue of the loan in New York, was
tranifamd to Ohio by the Lancaster Ohio
Bank, at a premium ot O i- per cem.
. r:-j:.. nMniv in July, to make a fu
v 1. .1,1. rnmmmioners met in New x ork
on the 5 of that month, and on the 1 lth'of Au-
fuat ensuing, they coniraciea wiui iwv
if- Tn.ranca and Trust Company, at Cincin
nati, for a loan of one million of dollars, at a
premium of eight dollars thirty-seven and a
half cent on each one hundred dollars of six
per cent, stock contracted. At tho same date
they contracted with the Lancaster Ohio Bank
for a loan or one nunareainousanu auiiun, uu
which a similar Dremium was received. Tbey
also contracted with GustavuB Swan, Esq., of
Columbus, for a loan of ten thousand dollars,
at a like premium. They further .negotiated
a loan of on hundred thousand dollars, with
the CommercialBank ofLake Erie, on which a
: : 1 Pil,f ,.,! . l.-JCInllfira
" premium was reuvivo" ui
on each one hundred dollars, of six per cent,
lock. The aggregate premiums on tho entire
loans contracted for the present year, amount
to one hundred and ninetytwo thousand nine
hundred and sixty nine 50-100 dollars. The
fund obtained, by these several loans, were
appropriated a follows: To the Wabash and
Erie Canal, seven hundred thousand dollars,
with the premium accruing thereon. To the
extension of the Miami Canal north of Dayton,
three hundred thousand dollars, with the pre
mium received on the sannV. To the Pennsyl
vania and Ohio Canal, eighty thousand dol
lar. tifl tho rosMiip. after aoronriatincr one
hundred and ninety-four thousand dollars, for
the payment o interest "in JNow iorK, trie
coining January, has beenrxpended in other
Canal improvement" :n misstate, wim me ex
ception of thirty-two thousand four hundred
and eighty-three 55-1000 dollars, which has
been paid for road purposes, under tho provis
ions of the general improvement law, passed
March 24th, 1837, ;.
The following subscriptions have beon made
by the state, to incorporated companies, under
the act of the 24lh of March, 1897, since the
last annual message. ', --.
To the Stubenvi!le, Cadiz and
Cambridge McAdamized Koad
Company,
To the Batavia Turnpike and Mi
ami Bridge Company.
To the Goshen, Wilmington and
Columb'ii Turnpike Company,
To the Urbana, Troy and Green
ville Turnpike company, (under
special act)
To the Dayton, Cincinnati and
Lebanon Turnpike Company,
To the Dayton and Springfield
Turnpike Company,'
To the Zanesvile and Maysville
Turnpike Company,
To tho Cincinnati and Whitewater
Canal Company, '
To the Ohio Turnpike Company,
To the Cincinnati, Lebanon and
Springfield Turnpike Company,
inadddition to former subscrip
tions, J f
To the Milforl and Chillicotho
Turnpike Company; in addition
to former subscriptions,
' .'
$36,300
: 30,850
60,850
30,000
54,950
62,00
70,085
150,000
55,000
'" 15,400
; 53,500
Making in the aggregate, ' ' : 851,975
It iff" believed that abuses exist in the demand
nf the c-ovemor of one state upon arother, un
der the constitution and laws of the United
States, for the surrender of fugitives from jus
tice, that calls for legislative interposition.
The constitution and luws of the United States
-on this subject are positive in iheir injunctions,
and general in It-heir provisions; leaving it to
state legislation to make , such criminal enact'
eTTrSfsoBs'anct'of "property, wltnTn tho'ir own
territory. In the State of New York, it is a
criminal oneucc to ODiain gooas unuer iaisc
pretences, - The policy of this law is not now
under examination, but it will at once be seen,
that it is liable to be made the instrument of
Hie most tyrannical exactions: and it is believ
ed, that In more instances than one, illegal de
mands have been fully carried out. A man, for
instance, purchases goods in Buffalo, removes
them to Ohio ; or Michigan, and is not able to
meet the payments as they fall due: The cre
ditor, tearing that he !b about to looee his debt,
works himself into the belief that ho can safely
wear before a grand jury, that they have been
.obtained under false pretences, as the mart has
not strictly complied with his engagements; a
bill of indictment is found, the governor makes
his requisition and appoints his agent; the pa
pers are all in due form, and the person is ar
retted unaer tne warrant ot we governor upon
whom the requisition is made; and then comes
A proposition for a compromise, which must be
complied wWb at any sacrifice by the person
arrested, or hit friends, or he must be tried,
nd perhaps, convicted of an offence that he
tiever intended to commit. -' .
. This is only one class of cases . " There artj
others, which i need not enumerate, in which
the agent alway corn with authority from
the prosecutorto compromise the alleged crime
at a stipulated price. " I would therefore res
pectfully submit, whether the protection of our
citizens from fraudulent exactions, does not
make- it necessary to pass a law to make it a
criminal offence to compromise a case.' where
- the person had been arrested on the warrant of
the governor, for the violation or the laws of a
sister etate, as "the best means of checking
4hi dangerous and growing evil.'
There is. still another cjas of .cases under
the same provisions of the constitution, that U
of a more deliberate and aJarm-cg character.
On the 6th of September l issued a warrant,
under the requisition of the Governor of the
Commonwealth of Kentucky, " for" the arrest
mi delivery to the authorities of that state of
John B. Mahan, pf Brown county, charged on
two indictments found in tho county of Mason,
in that commonwealth; with the crime of " nid
jpg and assisting" certain slaves, the property
ofiaid WiKiam Grcathouse, to make their es
cape from the nossesai on of him tho said Wil
liam Greathoiise out of arid beyond the state of
Kentucky." As this case has caused consid
erable political excitement, I feel that jt is doe
to rrrpelf and to the character of the state
wliirbhas JwrtorarJ njo with the station I now
bold, that my views and opinions on this im
portant subject should De raaqe Known io mo
people's .representatives, in order inai uwy
inay take such steps in the premises as will beet
secure the-peace and tranquility of our border.
population, and the rigtits oi inumuuuw ,u iu
adjoining states. . .. . . . .
1 hold that the uonsutuiiun oi hid uh..
Stntfin to b bbevod by all as the supremo
law of the land; and that it would be as un-
warraniaoie an au in
to refuse to deliver. nn persop charged with
the crime of enticing a slave, from the service
of his master, upon the presentation of proper
nnnera. undor the demand of a Governor of a
sister state, as it ia to deny the right of petition,
and the freedom of speech, and of the press, to
the humblest individual In the united aiaies.
All are constitutional rights, guarantied by the
same instrument, and of equal obligation. And
as I am for sustaining that instrument as it is,
I have not considered it my duty to set up my
ODinions of abstract riclit. in uisregard of its
solemn and positive injunctions. I consider
the Constitution of the Uuited States as the
ark of our political safety, and whenover we
shall reieat its commands, all is put at hazard
and uncertainty, and our whole population sub
jected to convulsions, ..anarchy, and civil war.
We are also equally Dounci oy a siiDsequeni
clause in the same instrument to deliver up
those who are held to service or labor by the
laws of any state, and who shall escape into
our territory, upon, the claim of the party to
whom such service or labor may be due; and as
it is desirable that the reace and harmony that
havo always existed between the people of
Ohio and the people of our sister states ot Vir
ginia and Kontucky, by which we are bounded,
and whose laws secure to them the service and
labor above alluded to, should continue and be
perpetuated; it becomes a high duty or the
people of this state to adhere to the demands
of tho Constitution, and refrain from all inter-
terference with the domestic institutions of
our neighbor states.
And when we reflect that this instrument
was the result of concession and compromise
by the fathers of the republic, to secure to their
descendants the blessings of liberty, union,
and repose, we cannot doubt the fidelity of the
people of Ohio to ail its obligations anu ae
mande.
Under the present aspect of the times, our
Militia system should claim a sharo of your
consideration. understand that, within the
last year, a more spirited feeling prevailed, and
that an improved organization nas Docn eneci
ed; but it requires a reorganization of the sys
tem to render our militia what it should be. the
bulwark of our country. The present laws
are very defective in hllbranchcs of the service.
We have no provision for an Ordnance De
partment or arsenals, and the arms of the state,
as soon as recicved from the United States,
are under the control of the Quatcrmnster
General, whoso responsibility ceases as soon
as they are delivered to the commandants of
divisions. Afier this, there is no accountabil
ity until they are placed in the hands of cap
tains of companies; and even when this is done
there is no record, bond, or evidence ot ac
countability known at head nnarters. The cap
tains of companies receiving arms,are frequent
ly promoted, resign, remove, or- from other
causes, are not in command. Their successors
gi .'e no bond ; and, in a short time several chan
ges ot this kind taKe place in tne same compa
ny; and when, at last, it is ascertained that the
public arms are missing or damaged, it is im
possible to affix upoh any one a legal accoun
tability. These arms are furnished to the slates at an
annual expense, to the United Stales, of $200,
000, and are intended, ultimately, to arm the
whole body of the militia of the Union; but
each state can direct the time and manner of
their distribution. A revision of our military
code Is recommended to your consideration.'
In closing this communication, permit me to
say that, whatever may be the abstract theories
of politicians relative to subjects that now di
vide the people of this countjy, yet we are all
embarked in the same bottom, identified in the
same interest, and destined to tho samo port
And although we of Ohio are strictly an agri
cultural people, and less liable to be embar
rassed by the fluctuations of trade than our
commercial and manufacturing sister states,
vet if we suppose that our'prosperity will con
tinue, unsupported and separated from these
great national interests, we labor under a most
palpable and fatal delusion. There is no state
In the Uiridn that has a more de'epmd abiding
, .u.-uwaiueiii, oi commercial en.
terprise and manufacturing industry, than that
of Ohio. It is commercial enterprise that has
placed usui our present easy and enviable con.
di'ion, and has pushed the : production of our
soil into almost every portion of the civilized
world. , It is mormfacturing and mechanical
pursuits that have diverted the labor of our sis
ter slates, and made them the purchasers and
consumers of the products of our soil, instead
ot rivals and opponents; and he that .would
sever these great national interests, by array
ing one class of the community against anoth
er, by scattering the seeds of discord i and iea-
lousy amongst the people, is neither people's
friend, nor the friend of the constitution . and
union of these States.. -...,.; - ,,t , ,: .
That our people may be prosperous and hap
py in their occupations und employments, and
our stats continue to be the home of the hon
est,-the virtuous, and the enterprising, and the
asylum of the unfortunate and the destitute, is
tho sincere wish ot .,,- -
' ,.. I ; ; ;. i tVour fellowrcitizen, ,
: ,;,-,.; ,,T JOSEPH VANCE).
Columbus, December 4' 183S., (- i,',.
u general' assembly.';' lt
The branches of the .Legislature organized
yesterday morning by ..thq -election of Mr.
Hawkins, of Perry, Morgan, and Washington,
Speaker of the senate, and James J., l' aban,
of Hamilton, Speaker of the House. .-lij',.
. In the Ser-ate, aMr.Mc ,Nultt, who edits
l.ocofoco paper some where up north, and in
the House, a Mr, Bi.ooqk?-, likewise of the
fraternity, whilom a Whig, but now receiving
the "hire" of a laborer in the Locpfoco ranks,
were chosen Clerks, , ',, ". ,r. ., ' . ?
ThpmasW, MAKSMBiiii Rosimaster at Tory
do you hear that,, Amos was elected Door
keeper. 'This same Mr. Mansfield wasao un
successful candidate for a seat jn the Sena tej,n
ihe Miami, Darke and Mercer district,. He ap
pear to have jeniiis for ( almost any calling.'
He is, pre haps, like, the man in one of the
north-western cdunties, who kvaunA hi. mill.
ingnes "to serve the People in any station
honorable or dishonorable!" ;i , '' ( ', .;"
: . AH the members werti in attendance'., with
theexception of Mr. Vanmeter bf the Senate,
and Mr. William .Andrews of the Honse-Hboth
. There is not a taiois distinguished object in
the world than a Vulgar,, ignorant person, in
tii!) possession of wealth,, and (n 'king use .of.
ms gmoen influence to pppress the poor, woo
are in every respeqt Ms' superiors. ' ' ; "
.PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Feline Ciliztm of tht Senate, f '
""- and of the Hwtf nf Representatives;
I JoBgratulate youfori the favorable Circum
stances in the condition of our country, under
which you reassembln for the performance of
your official duties." Though the anticipations
of an abundant harvest have-not every -where
been realized, yet, bn'the Wliolo, the'lab'h'B "of
the husbandman are rewarded with a bountitul
return; industry prospers in its various chan
nels of business and enterprise: general health
again prevails' through bur vast diversity 6f
climate; nothing threatens, rrom abroad, the
continuance of external peace; nor has any
thing at heme impaired the strength ot those
fraternal and domestic ties which constitute
the only guaranty to the success and perma
nency ot our happy Union, and wnicn, formed
in the hour of peril, have hitherto been honor
ably sustained through every vicissitude in our
national attars, l nese blessings, which e-
vince the care and beneficence of Providence,
call for our devout and fervent crratitude. ""
We have not less reason to bo grateful for
other bounties bestowed by the same mumh
cent hand, and more exclusively our own. ' ''
The present year closes the first half centu
ry of our federal institutions; and our system
differing from all others in the acknowledged
practical and unlimited operation which it has
for so long a period given to the sovereignty
of tho people has now been fully tested by
experience. " ' ' , ' ''
The constitution devised by our forefathers
as the frame-work and oond of that System,
then untried, has become a settlor! form of go
vernment; not only preserving and protecting
the great principles upon which it was round
ed, out wonderfully promoting individual hap
pineas and private interests. Though subject
to change and entire revocation, whenever
deemed inadequate to all these purposes, yet
such is the wisdom of its construction,' and so
stuble has been the public sentiment; that it
remains unaltered, except in matters of detail,
comparatively unimportant. ' It has proved
amply sufficient for the various emergencies
incident to our condition as a nation.' A for
midable foreign war; agitating collisions be
tween domestic, and, in some respects, rival
sovereignties; temptations to interfere in the
intestine commotions of neighboring countries;
the dangerous influences that arise in periods
of excessive prosperity; mid the anti-republi-can
tendencies ot associated wealth these,
with other trials not less formidable, have all
been encountered, and thus far successfully re
listed.
It was reserved for the American Union to
test the Government entirely dependant on the
continual exercise of the popular will; and our
experience has shown that it is as beneficent
in practice as it is just in theory, bach sue
cessive change made in our local institutions
has contributed to extend the right of suffrage,
has increased the direct influence of tho mass
of the community, given greater freedom .to
individual exertion, and restricted, more and
more, the powers of Government; yet the in-
tclhgente, prudence, and patriotism ot the
people have kept pace with this augmented re
sponsibility. In no country has education
been so widely diffused. ' Domestic peace has
nowhere so largely reigned. The close bonds
of social intercourse have in no instance pre
vailed with such harmony over a space so vast.
All forms of religion have united, for the first
time, to diffuse charity and piety, because, for
the first time in t he history or naMons, all have
been totally untrammelled, and absolutely free.
The deepest recesses of the wilderness have
been penetrated; yet, instead of the rudeness
in the social condition consequent upon such
adventures elsewhere, numerous communities
have sprung up, already unrivalled in prosper
ity, general intelligence, internal tranquility,
and the wisdom of their political institutions.
Internal improvement, the fruit of individual
enterprise, fostered by the protection of the
States, has added hew links to the confedera
tion and fresh rewards to provident industry.
Doubtful questions of domestic policy havo
been quietly settled ; by mutual forbearance;
and agriculture, commerce, and minufac ufes,
minister to each other. ; Taxation and pub
lic debt, the burdei;s which bar so heavily
upon all other countries, have pressed wi.h
comparative lightniss upon' us.; Without
one entangling alliance, our friendship is pri
zed by every nation ; and the' rights of our
citizens are every where respected, becauso
they are known to be guarded by a united,
sensitive, ana watchful Dooii!e. ,,j .. ' ,
To this 'practical operation of our. institui-
tions-, so evident and -successful, we owe that
increased attachment to them which is among1
.1 . i.u-!, , ... "
i-iio mutt uneernjTT miuiuuiis ui popular sen
timent, and wfill prove! their' best security in
time to Come, against' foreign or domestic as sault:"
i;i'--:i t.v.'T. i.a e e..i sio
i This" review of 'the results' of Cur institu
tions, for half tl century, 'without exciting a
spirit of vain exultation, sho ild serve to im
press upon us the great principles from which
they have sprung ; constant end direct super
vision by the people'oVer dvery public measure;
strict forbearance on the part of the Govern
ment from exercising any doubtful or disputed
powers; and a cautious abstinence from all in
terference with'ebneerns which properly .be
long, and are best Ifeflj to State regulations and
individual enterprise.'1"'1" '' 4
; i t'ull information of, the slate of our foreign
affairs having beeri'recentlyj'bn two different
occasions, 'submitted to Congress", F deem it
necessary now to bring to yoiff, rioticB biilV
such events as have subsequently occurred, pr
areor such la portance as to require particii
lar attention. " " ' """-
Themost amicable dispositions continue to
be exhibited by all the Ijiitiops with' whom' the
Government and citizens 6f the United States
have an habitual intercourse. At tho date of
my last annual messagr, fltexico was the only
nation which cduld not be included in so grati-
1 1 am happy to be now able' to inform you
that an advance' has been made towards' the
adjustment of our difficulties frith that Repub
lic, and the 'restoration of the customary gdod
fnalifciiv' httnn 'I hi1 t a ! toa tt .irta' ' -Thia 1ml
portdnt change has been effected by concilia
to'ry negotiations, that have resulted in the
conclusion of a treaty between this two Gov
ernments, which, When ratified, Will refer to the
arbitrament of a friendly ' power all the sub
ject of controversy, between us growing out
of injuries to individuals. 1 nere is, at pre
sent, also, reason to believd that'an equitable
suitieinvni ui, an mepuicu uuuus win uo attain
ed without further difficulty or'unhecessary de
lay, and thus authorize the free resumption of
....! . - r ...... J - .: ... n i '
diplomatic intercourse With out sister Repnb-
lic !:- ". '.'-' " -'r
With respect to tfie!' northeastern bdundary
oi tne uuueu otatcs, no omciai correspondence
between this Government and that of Great
Britain has passed since that communicated to
Congress towards the close of their last sffs-
eiuu,' . liwuuci IV ivgyi.ii,bQ.uilV9llUUU lUr
the appointment of a joint commission ofsur-
vey and exploration, I am, however, assured
will be met by Her Majesty's -Government in
a conciliatory and friendly spirit, and instruc-'
tions to enable the. British Minister here to.
conclude' such an arrangement' will-bs trans
mitted to him witnout neediest aeiay. it is
hoped and expected that these instructions
will be of a liberal character, and that -this ne
gotiation,. if successful, will prove to be an im
portant slop towards the satisfactory and final
adjustment of the controversy.
. 1 had hoped that the respect (or the. laws anu;
resrard for the peace and honor of their own
Country, which has ever characterized the'd-
tizens or the United States, '-would have 'pre
vented any portion of theiri ' from using any
means to promote insurrection in the territory
of a power witli which we" are at peace.'and
with which tlie United States -are desirous of
maintaining the most friendly relations.' I te-
gret deeply, however, to -be 'obliged to inform
you mar tins nas noioeen me case, inionrm
tion has been given to me, derived from official
and other sources, that many citizehs of ihe
United States have associated together to make
hostile iricurtions from onr territory into Can
ada, and to aid and abet insurrureclion there,
in violation of the obligations and laws of the
United States, and in open disregard of their
own duties as citizens. '"This information
has been in part confirmed, by a hostile inva
sion actually made b. the citizens of the Uni
ted States, in conjunction with Canadians and
accompanied by a forcible seizure of the pro
perty of our citizens, and an aplication thereof
to the ' prosecution "of ' military operations
against ihe authorities and people ot the Can-
adas. '.' ".' " .' ' '."
The" results of these criminal assniilts up
on the peoce and order of a neighboring coun
try have been, as was to be expected, fatally
destructive to the misguided or deludod persons
engaged in them, and highly injurious to tlidse
in whose behalf they are professed to hove
been undertaken. The authorities in Canada,
from intelligence received of such intended
movements among our citizens, have felt them
selves obliged to take' precautionary measures
against thein; have embodied the militia, and
assumed an attitude to repel the invasion :,to
which they believed the Colonies were exposed
from the United States. ; A'statn of feeling1 on
both sides of the frontier has thus been produ
ced, which called for prompt and Vigorous in
terference. If an insurrection exists in Can
ada, the amicable dispositions of the U. States
towards Groat Brittain, as well as their duty
to themselves, would lead them to maintain a
strict neutiality, and to restrain their citizens
from all violations of the laws which have been
passed for its enforcement. ' But this Govern
ment recognizes a Btill higher obligation to re
press all attempts on the part of its citizens to
disturb tho peace of a country where order
prevails or has been re-established. Depre
dations by our citizens upon nations at peace
with the United States, and combinations for
committing them, have at all times boen rs
garded by the American Government and peo
plo with thegrcatestabhorrence. Military in
cursions by our citizens into countries so sit
uated, and the commission ot acts ot violence
on tho members thereof, in order to effect a
change in its government,' or under any pre
text whatever, have, from the commencement
of our Government, beeh held equally criminal
on the part of those engaged in thesi) end as
much deserving of punishment as would be
the disturbance of tho public peace by the per
petration of similar acts Within our own terri
tory. ; v ' ... : -By
no country or persons have these invalu
able principles of international law principles;
the strict observance of which is so indispen
sable to the preservation of social order in the
world been more earnestly cherished or sa
credly respected thari by those great and good
men wiio first declared, and finally established,
tho independence of our own country : They
promulgated and maintained t'n'em at an early
and critical period in our history; they were
subsequently embodied in legislative : enact
ments of a highly penal character, the faithful
enforcement of which has hitherto been, and
will, I trust, always continue to be, regarded
as a duty inseparably associated with the main
tainarpe of pur national honor. That the peo
ple oflhe United States should feel an interest
in iho spread of political institutions as free as
they regard their own to be, 'is natural; nor
r r..- .t c -ii
Can a VlllCUri? BUIKJIIUMo lor ilic DUtwan ui uu
those vho are, at anv time, in good faith strug
gling iT their acquisition; be imputed Wour
Citizens as uriuie. nv uu 1110 vuiuu iiuwuuiii
of 'opinion; 'and at) undisguised expression
thereof?, on their part, the Government has
neither tne' right, -nor; I trust, the disposition
to interfere." But whether the interest or the
honor of the United States require, that they
should be made a party to any such struggle,
and; By inevitable consequence, ' to the war
which1 is waged in its' support, is a question
which,,by , puf constitution;' is wisely left to
Congress alone to decide. ' Tt is;' by tho la ws,
already ihadc criminal in ohr citizens to embar
rass or anticipate that decision, by unauthori
zod military operations n:'their part.;" 'Of
fences of this character,' in addition- td their
criminility as' viotatlous of the laws of our
country; have a direct tendency td draw down
upon our own citizens at large thtf multiplied
evilsxifa foreign war;' and expose to injurious
imputation the good faith and honor of the
country. ' .As, such they' deserve 'to be " put
down with promptitude arid dbbisipn. ' I can
not be mistaken,' I am, confident, 'in Counting
on the Cordial and general Concurrence of our
felWw-citizens in this sent irneiit."1 A copy of
the proclamation which I have felt it my duty
to 'issue, U.here:with'comrnuhifcated;, 1 1 iarmot
but hone that' the enoi' sense and patriotism.
the'Vegard fdr the honor and reputation of their
country, the respect for'the lawsKiCh they
havo themselves enacted for their'owrt pvern-
;.meut,' and the!' love of order1 for which the' rfrass
or our people have been so long and so justly
disunguishen, win deter the comparatively few
who. are engaged in 'them front';, further pro-'
'secotirth 6f such desperate enterjriscr. - lit the
mean time, the existing' laws have been, and
wilt continue to- be, faithftllly executed; and
evefry effort will be in'ade to carry them' out in
their full extent. 'Whether they are sufficient
or nbt,t6"roeet the Sctual statb of things on the
Canadiari frontier, it iff.foiiCdhgress. tb decide!
i . It' will appear from' the.corrpspbiidence'her
wlth submitted, that the Government of Riis-
8ia;declines,5,,renewarof the' fourth article' of
tne .conveuiion oi.. April, 1024, between The
United, States anf His Imperial Majesty, by
the,. third, article pi,.' which .itlfs, agreed that
hereafler there shall not he formed by the
citizens of the United States', ot under the au
thority pf.the said. States, any iastablishment
opon the northwest coast of America nor in
any of the islands adjacent, to the north of 54
40 of. north latitude,; and that 'jri the Same
manner there shall be none formed by Russian
iubjeet,' or . under 'the authority of Russia,
south of thesame parallelj'; and by the fourth
irtjele, ."that, during' a terra of ten' ireark:
tounting from the signa;ure of the bresent con
vention, the ships of bath powers, or Which bo-;
long to their citizens or subjects respectively,
may n reciprocally frequent, without any hind
rance whatever, the interior sea, gulfs; har
bors, and creeks upon the coast mentioned (or
the purpose of fishing and trading vfith the na
tives of thtr country." -The reasons assigned
for declining to renew the protisions of this
article, arc, briefly, that the only use made by
our citizens of the privlago it secures to them,
has been to supply the Indians with spirituous
liquors, ammunition, and fire-arms; that this
traffic has been excluded "from The" Russian
trade: and as the supplies furnished' from the
United States are injurious to the Russian e
tabhtihmentS'on the northwest coast; and cal
'culatod to produce complaints between the two
Governments, His Imperial Majesty think lit
for the interest of both countne not to.accede
to the proposition made by the American Gov
ernment for the renewal of the article last re
ferred to."'- "': ':' ''''' "'' ' TMi..'"i' '
1 The correspondence herewith communicated
will show the ground upon Which we contend
that the citizens of the United States have,, in
dependent of the provision of the conventidn
of 1824, a right to trade with the natives upon
the coast in question, at unoccupied places, 1U
able, however' it is admitted, to be at any
time extinguished by the creation of Russian
establishments at such points. ".Thi right is
denied bv the Russian Government, which as
serts that, by the operation of the treaty of
1824, each party agreed to waive tlio general
right to land on the vaeant coasts on the re
spective sides of the degree of latitude referred
to, and accepted.-in lieu theroof, the mutual
nriviletre mentioned in the fourth article.
The capital and tonnage employed by our citi
zens in trade with the northwest coasts of
America, will, perhaps on adverting to the
official statements of the commerce and navi
gation of the United States for the last few
years, be deemed too inconsiderable in amount
to attract much attention; yet the subject may,
in other respects, deserve the careful consider
ation of Congress. ' '- ' ': .-' V ! : !
I regret to state that the blockade of the
principal ports on the eastern coast ol Mexico,
which, in consequence of differences between
that Republic and t ranee, was instituted in
May last, unfortunately still continues, enfor
ced by a competent French naval force, and is
necessarily embarrassing to our own trade in
the gulf, in 'common with that of other nations.
Every disposition, however, is believed to ex
ist on the part ot the V rench uovernment, to
Tender this measure as little onerous as prac
ticable to the interests of the citizons of the
United States, and to those of neutral com
merce; and it is to bo hoped that an early set
tlement of the difficulties between France and
Mexico, will soon re-establish the harmonious
relations formerly subsisting between them,
and again open the ports of that Republic to the
vessels ot all rrienuly nations. . .
A convention for marking that part of the
boundary between the United States and the
Republic of Texas, which extends from the
mouth of the Sabine to the Red river, was con
cluded and signed at this city on the 5th of
April last. It has since been ratified by both
Governments; and seasonable measures will
be taken to carry it into effect on the part of
the United States.' ' ' :i "
The application of that Republic for admis
sion intothio- Union, made in August, 1837,
and which was declined for reasons already
made known to you, ha been formally with
drawn, as will appear from the accompanying
copy of the note of the Minister Plenipotentia
ry of Texas, which was presented to the Sec
retary of state on the occasion of the exchange
of tho ratifications ot the convention above
mentioned."-' m ; . .''... .-i . ,
' Copies of the convention with Texas, of . a
commercial treaty concluded with the King of
Greece, and of a similar - treaty with the Peru-
Bolivian Confederation, the ratifications of
which have beeri recently exchanged, accom
pany this message for the information of Con-
gress, and for such legislative enactment as
may be found necessary or expedient, in rela
tion to either of them. s - .
' To watch over and foster the inter-'sts of a
gradually increasing and widely extended com
merce; to' guard the lights of American citi
zens, whom business, or pleasure, orother mo
tives may tempt into distant climes, and at the
same time to cultivate those sentiments of mu -
tual respect and good will' which experience
has proved so beneficial -in international inter
course, the Government of the United 'States
has deemed it expedient, from time to time, to
establish diplomatic connection with different
foreign states, by the appointment ot repre
sentatives toTeeide within their respective ter.
ritories. I am gratified to be enabled to en-
ncrunce to you that, since the close of your
last session, these relations have been opened
Under the luppiest auspices with Austria and
the Two Sicilies;, that-new nominations have
been made in the respective nnssu-nsot Russia.
Brazil, Belgium, and Sweden and - Norway 'in
this country; and that's Minister-Extraordinary
ha been received,. accredited to this Go
vernment from Argentine Confederation. i J '-'
Aft exposition of the fiscal affairs of the Go
verumenrl and of 'their cbndition for the past
yeaf,;will be made to you- by the Secretary of
the Treasury.""- "' "-. i iv.-- -i ;.i n t.
, : The available balance in the Treasury, 'on
the 1st of January next; is estimated 'at $2,
765,34'2'.' The receipts bf the year, frorh cus
toms and landswill probably amount to $20,
,615,598.' '.Tjiese usual sources of revenue have
been increased by an issue nf Treasury notes;
of which less than eight millions of dollars, 'in
cludiritr interest and principal, will be outstand
ing tit the end of the year, and by the sale of
one of the bonds' of the bank of the United'
States, for $2,254,871. ', The "aggregate-!6f
means trom tneseanu otner sources, with the
ba'liiriceoh'haiid on' thB 1st of Janiiary' last,
,hafi been applied td the payment of, kppr'opria
tions jiy Congress, 'The whole expenditure
for ths year ort their account, inclbdihg the
redemption 'bt More - than ' eight millions bf
treasury notes, 'ebhstitutes an aggregate 'of
about torty millions' ot dollars,-and will still
leave"lrl' the Treasury 1 the' balanc ' befdre
ethtetf.'f ' '" "; '"'"' 7' vwu.
i Nearly'eiglitrnlilion'Sof dollars1 of Treasury
notes are to be tiaid during the comincr year, in
additioh to the ordinary appropriations for the
support oi the uovbrninent.1- v or both, these
purposes', the' resctiirces' bf the1 Treasury will
undoubtedly be sufficient, if the charges r-pon
it ate hot increased beyond the .'annual esti
mates, No excess, however, la likely, to exist;
nor Can the postponed instalment of the sur
plus revenue be deposited with the states, nor'
any Considerable appropriations beyond the tea
timateS b made, Withour causing a defieien
cy in the Treasury. The great caution, advi-;
sable al all tiroes, oflimiting appropriations to
the wants of the public service, is rendered he-
CARAnrv Mt InraAent Kw thi ni-ORnectivS and tabid
reduction bfthS tariff; while the vigilant jeal
ousy, evidently, excited among toe peopio, oj
the occurrences of the last few year, assures
ii that thv expect from their representatives.
and will sustain thenv in the exercise of, the
hvtst rigid economy, Mucn can be effected by
postponing appropriations not immediately r.
quired for the, ordinary, public service,. or for"'"1
any pres'slh'g emergency; and mrtch'-oy redu
cing the expenditure where the entire anh-
immediate .sccp.mplishments, of the 'objects in
view is not indispensable.' - ' ' '
;When.wecalI to mind the recent and ,t
trcme embarrassments produced- by excessive .
icsues of bank paper, aggravated by the unforej
seen witlidrawali, of nauch foreign, capitat ansi
the, inevitable derangemqot arising, from tbf' "
distribution of the surplus revenue among the ;i
States as required by .Congress; consider -
the heavy expenses incurred, by the removal of
Indian tribes; ;by- the military operations a 't
Florida; and on account pf the, unusually ,large;' ,
appropriRtions vPisde at the Jast twq anbual ''!
sessions of Congress for other objects i w.
have striking evidence, in the. present efficient jj
state of our finances, of the abundant resource . ,
of the country to fulfil all its obligtiona, );,Nor,', s
is it less gratifying to find that the general bu'
si noes of the community, deeply affected-as , it ,v
has been, is reviving with additional vigor. .,
chastened by -the lesson of the past, and ani, ;,
mated Dy ths nepesotthe tuture, , tsy ilia cur. ..
tailment of paper issues; by curbing the san- V
guine and adventurous spirit of speculation ; ,j
and by the honorable application of available , ,
means to .the fulfillment of obligations, fonfi
deuce has bsen restored both at home - and rr
broad, and ease and facility secured to all the M
operations of trade,,.-. .;, Ir .t-.-if th.;-;,e
i Tho agency of the Government in producing ,
these results has been a efficient a its powera, ,
and means permitted. By ,iwithholdiug from- ,
the States the deposite of the fourth instalment
and leaving several millions at long credits ,
with the banks, principally in one, section, of
the country, and more immediately boneficial '
to it: and, at the same time, aiding the banks . ,
and. commercial communities in otber sections, ,:,
by postponing th" payment of bond for r'uties
to the amount of between four and five mil-,, ,
lions of dollars; by an issue of Treasury notes
as a means to enable the Government 4q meet ,i
the contcquences of their indigencies, butat1r
fording, at the same time, facilities tor remit
tance and exchange; and by steadily declin-,
ing to employ as general depositories of the
public revenues, or leceive the notes of all
banks which refused to redeem them with spe
cie! by these measures, aided by the favorable
action ot some pt the banks, and by the sup
port and co-operation of a large portion of the ,
community; we have witnessed an early. re-,, ":
sumption of specie payments in our great com
mercial capital promptly followed in al.nost .j
every part of the United States. This result ;
has been alike salutary to the true interests
of agriculture, commerce, and manufacture;
to public morals, respect to the laws, and.that .,
confidence between man and man which i so ;.
essential in our social rotation. ' . :. . , s
The contrast between the. suspension oC j
1814 and that of 1837 is most striking.., Th,-.
short duration of the latter; the prompt rcstor-
ation of business: the evident benefits result- , ;
ing from an adhorence by the Government to
the constitutional standard of value, instead of -sanctioning
the suspension by . the receipt of ,
irredeemable paper,, end the advantage derU
ved from the large amount of specie introduced ;L
into the country previous to 1837, affords val,
uabls illustration to the true policy of the Go- ..
vernment in such a, crisis. Nor can the com- -,
parioon fail to remove the impression that' -,
a national bank is necessary in such emer- .,
geneies, ,. Not only were specie payments. re -suined
without its aid, hut exchange have al- .;
so been more rapidly restored than when it ex- ,
iated, thereby , showing that private capital,
enterprise, and prudence are fully adequate to
these ends. On all these points experience-.,
seems to have confirmed the views heretofore "
submitted to Congress,-- We have been saved r
tho mortification of seeing the distresses of ,
the community for the third tune seized on to i
fasten upon the country so dangerous, an in,;-,
stitution : and we may also hope that the busi
ness of individuals will hereafter, be, relieved j
from, the injurious effects of a continued agita- : ,
tion of that disturbing subject. The limited -influence
of a national bank in averting de- .
rangment in the exchanges of the country, ,r
or in compelling the resumption of specie pay-, :
mente, is now not less apparent than its ten-,!)
dency to. increase inordinate . speculation by J;
sudden expansion aud contractions; its diipo-, ,T
sition to create panic and embarrassment ,for-r .
the promotion of it own designs; its .interfe- -, ;
rence with politics; and its- far greater power : a
for e-vil than for good, either in regard to the
local .institutions or the operations of Govern--i
meiit.itse.lf.,. i What was in these respect but. It
apprehension: or opiniou when a national bank.n
was first established, now- stands confirmsd is ,
by humiliating experience.Tho scenes through,ir.
which we have passed conclusively prove, how -t
little our -commerce, agriculture,, rnanufaov I
turns,1 or finances, require such an inalitutiorv ',
and what dangers ate attendant on its power; i
a power, ! trust, never to be conferred iby .the--.
Amer.ioan people upon their Government, and1 i
t:t ill lees upon individual not ( responsible to
them for its unavoidable abUsbs. , 'r:' nVi.o:.-!
My conviction cf the necessity of fusther le-i!;
gisktive provisions for the safe i keeping, andib
disbursement of the public moneys.land mr
opinion in regard to the measures-best) adapted
to tne accomplishment ot those objectS);ihSvn
beep already submitted toi you. J These have !I
been strengthened by recent, events; .and, in i
the full conviction that time1 and, experience
must still furthari demonstrate their propriety,
I feel it my duty, with respectful dsfeiwnto te-c,
thb conflioiing views of others, again .to 'invite :
your attention to thenb-i-i'ni mt4 t -r! Io tcji-'t
With the. eXpection of limited sum deposi!(r
in4he few banks still employed undor the fcct.v
ot iisau, tne amounts received tor duties, and,',:. .,
With r .VAFV 1 innnaiav-1.1 -. A-nnAww- ik..l,
accruing iromianasaiso, nave,since the gepernri
suspension of specie pavrnents by the dapoaiw.ii
banks, been kept and disbursed by the Trea- ) '
urer, under his general leeal oowers.; subiecl ii i
to the .superintendence uf the Secretary of than J
Treasury The proorietvof definintr morop!
i fically , and of xegulati ng by la w, the exercise- itf
f .1.:. : .1 . r n . t A. - - , I
ui un wiua Bcopa or CiXecuuva.uiBorMionswva
been already submitted to Congress. iMsvt hr
A -Konn-A irf V, m,i KFnlUfA. kt n ftf Su7
out- principal ports, . has brought t Iight 4di" i
laication oi tne gravest enaraoter,'tne panicu;'wr
lars of Which will ba laid before you in a p-yC
cial repbrt froW theSeerotttty oftheTreasurjTri
By his rtport and -the accompanying' docu"
mente, wiU b seen that the'eekly' returnl'o
of the' defaulting' 'officer apparently exhrbitsd;1'
throughout, a faithful administration Of tK"aft'
fairs intrusted to his rnauaBertiain:IJ ftiuhatftul
ver, now appearslhat he cbnimericed a'bstraclii'',
ing the publicrnoney ehbrthr after hiS appdint-l'
went, nd 'continue: to 6' o,- pfogresivs-'
ly increasing Ihe' amount,1 for "lh term1 of
mor than seven -years.' embrlicinb:a 'tmcs
'tion of the period during1 Which the public .fne !'
neys were aeposited in the Bank of the Unite '
States, thewhols ofthatofthe State ba.n dei!i
poite ytetn, and concluding orily on hi e. '
tirtment from 'office,'; after" that systerd had f
substantially failed, in, cbnseonence ef the BWttS
pension of specie payments "!''' yiiiwfi en't

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