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sw.r ?r -vy- i i & t . 'i . . . . , livery. Thurtdny Jlorning) , ai.POORMAN. slew dobfa aiiriat ol Court Houm, - Jntla tnliserltier, per aulium, (in advance) ? ? fix atmiih 1 Three ainnih t" 11 Business Cards. L. DANrOBD. E. K KENNON Danford & Kennon, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, ST. CI.AIRSVILI.K, OHIO. OFF1CK nearlV opposite Court House end East of National Hotel. teiu-uu C. W. CARROLL, .A-ttorney at Law, rr ci.AiRMViti.K. biiio. brrici In Ui Court Hons. 8. V. room, up .tairt. . CEO. W. HOCE. lA.ttorney at Law, M CLAIRSVII.LE, OHIO. ' Omri on North aid of Miilti street, a few dtrrtft ul of Marieua atreei. M. D. KING, Attorney at Xjaw BARNE9VILLE, OHIO. WILL practice In Belmont and adjoining eoun tiea. All busiue.. promptly attended to. ' ,.. J. J. GLOVER, ATTORNEY, AT LAV, WIIEKI.INO, WEST VA. WILT, prentice in ftfeat Va.. and Raatern Ohio. Orti.e, N. B. Cor. Monro. It 4th Streets. Wheel ing, W. Va. (jelSS-ly , ' .; , ' ' . , ' JOHN S. COCHRAN, . ATXORNKY A-X LAW, . L'kCBNAJCO V. . CLAIM AOBIT, Jit . CLAIHBVUXR, OHIO, T 8 prepared lo collect back pay, bounty, and all eol J dn-r' claim with all poasilile dispatch. Applicant, will call at Judge. Kenuon'a Law Offie. malS-ly- . . t - PETER TALLMAN, ATTORNET AT LAW, T. CLAIRSVILLK, OHIO. O Frier. np-slairs in lite Court Ilousaj ... , .. . , . mal8..y D. D. T. COWEN ATTOHNEY AT LAW, ST. CLA1R8VILLE, OHIO. yxrFITK an North ride of Main ttreet, a few" door. 7 Kast of Marietta .treat. fe7 C. L. POORMAN. Attorney & Counselor at Law, ere. OLAlRaviin o. OFFIOK Masonic Hall Building, a few doora East ol the Court House. . Sntst'ial attention given to lae collection of claim, airaiiinili. (hiveriiinent for Bnuniy. Back Pay. Ven.iona, Fay for Hor.e or other oroperly In.i in lha aervice, c. R.H. COCHRAN, Attorney at Law & Notary Public ST. CLAIRSVILLE, OHIO. Owes in the Court IIuum. 8. W. room up stair.. DR. HENRY WEST H AS resumed the practice f Medleiue and Surgrery. Residence Mat end ot town, wtneo at urug more .. Dr. John Alexander, '-'T. OLiAIItSVILiLK, OHIO. .FFICE AND RKSI DUNCE i the Seminary prop- cny, Weat end of town. M .Dr. John H. Thompson, igT.OLiAinHVILLK, OHIO. OFFICE oppoeita W.sl'.Drug Store. v . (Augl0,5-ty DR. J. "W. FISHER M A VINO permanently located in ST CI.AIR9VII.I.B , M-voaut reapecnuiiv aimuunc. jraparml u perorm all operation, pertaining , fen Ma wtimmmiitU . Illll .rlr uavrantlt I fflva ..tiafaClifMl. OFFIOTK a few doora Ea.t ol ihe National Hotel, and Marly oppniie the Cliroaiele office. feT NATIONAL HOTEL, . BUIDOEPOKT, OHIO. . THE anderalrned haring taken poaae.aion of ' the) National Hotel, Bndneport. (formerly kept by Vm. Rohiuaoil,) ia prepared Ihe nccommodHte Ihe traveling public in irood siy 1. and ou rauiinlle tenna. aprS-ly SAMLXt. MARTIN. B. T. BH0DE8 0. M. RHODES. El P. 'Rhodes &; Sola. T T " n (Sdsre RHodet 1c WarSeld.) j .MiillALE i GROCERS, PRODUCE Jb COMMISSION MEltOHANTS, 1 iirldgepdrt) Ohio, TlRST. .NATIONAL. BANK , ., on ht, CL.Ainwvir.Lic ; cAPITAi..:.......... ioo,ooo. . VANK open tram It. I. until r. n. Di.eountduya SJ Tueadaya ! n.. ; j : ' , IT l...lrMl ah TVHOaalt. , Colleouona mad. and proceed, promptly remitted. . Exchange uaugbl ana sola. DtiacToia. ' ' "Georfre Brown, Josenh Woodman,. koaa J. Alexander, David Urowu, D. D. T. COWEN, ire.Ul.nt. Catliiac. . , y-lf FRINT; & NAGLE, MERCHANT TAIJiORS, And Sealers in Beady-Mada Cloth Ing, Gents' Furnuaing Goods, . Hats, Caps, tfco. &o. Brt rirAlBayttLH. O-. i .1' .. l. .h. SINOER 8KWINO MACHINES.-- " .i.-i.i . .A i,..ibLn,llv the verv beat in use MACHINE TWIST. THREAD, SPOOL COTTON (itd NEEDLES eouaianily on hand. oew-iy T.vERy ST A. E . Mkinnvr!R la lha Public that (hey .1 furnish A u, Umrarie, Hak. Carriaxea aad Omni hulea, at all hours, wsta or wUhoul dnvcre. Jrant'' ' ,n NaUonal Hotel. ,,.., . it; d-Aiiu'iixiv onia.; ' ' ' ' ' I ' ''''''' ' ' ' ' . ; i ' Established iix 1813. ST. OTJATTtSVlfE,OTIIO, it'KU. 22, 18G0, .Now i 8erievVol. C, lTo. 4. IN MEMORIAM. Abraham Lincoln, tho Martyr President. The Congressional Obsequies. Oration by George Bancroft. WASHINGTON, Monday, Feb. 12. 1866. Tbs Oars oror ths'publio buililinna, in eluding the Capitol, wcro at half'-uiaat to AUO o'clock the doors .leadinif to the rotund of the Capitol were opeo te those heldins tioknta'of admiiwion. The President ef the United Otatu, the Chief Justice and Anooiate Justices of the Supreme Court ef the United Status, the head of Departments, and the Diplomatic Corps occupied prominent teats. Repre sentatives and Senators occupied seats on either side of the hall, beside the assistant beads of Departments, Crovernorsof States and Territories, the Mayors of Washington and Georgetown, the Judges ef the Court ef Claims, and the Chief Justice and As sociate Justices of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, the heads ot Bueaus in the Departments, and others. Whan Lieut-Gen. Grant entered the gallery, with ladies, he was greeted with applause. ' The army and navy offioers were in uni form. The Diplomatic Corps appeared in oitisen's dress. Major Gen. B. F. Butler, on entering the hall, was applauded by his friends. The House was called to order at 12 o'- elook by the Speaker. . Rev. ' Mr. Boyoton, Chaplain ef the House of Representatives, opened the pro ceedings with prayer. Every seat in the House was occupied. The Marine Band, in the rear of the re porter's gallery, performed a solemn air from the opera of La Trovatore. Hon. Lafayette S. Foster, President pro te n of the Senate, preiidod. Mr. Foster said : No ordinary occasion could have conven ed this sugust assembly. For four years the storm ot civil war raged fiercely over our country. -The blood of the best and bravest ot her sens had been freely shed to preserve her name and plaoe among the na tions or the eartb. In April last the dark oloulds which had so long hung heavily and gloomily over our heads were all dispersed, aod the light of peace, reora welcome than even the vernal sunshine, gladdened the eyes and the hearts of our people. Shouts ot joy and sengs of triumph echoed through our land. The. hearts of the devout poured themselves in orisons and thanksgivings to God of Battles and of Nations that the most wicked and most formidable rebellion ever known to human history, had been ef fectually orusbed, and our oountry was saved. In the midst of the abounding joy, suddenly and swiftly as the lightning s flash, came the fearful tidings that the Chief Magistrate of the Republic, our President, loved and honored as few men ever were, so honest, so faithful, so true to his duty and his country, had been foully murdered; had fallen by the bullet of an assassin. All hearts were stricken, with horror. The transition from extreme joy to' profound sorrow was never more sudden and univer sal. Had it been possible for a stranger, ignorant of the truth, to have looked over the land, he would have supposed that there had oome upon us some visitation of the Almighty no lens dreadtul than that which fell on anoient Egypt, on that fearful night when there was not a house where there was not nne dead. The Nation wept for him.. After being gazed upon by myriads of loving eyes under the dome of this mag nificent oapitol, the remains ot our f resi dent were borne in solemn procession through our cities, towns and villages, all draped in the habiliments of sorrow, the symbols and tokens of profound and heart felt grief, to their final resting-place in the capital of his own Stats. Tbero he sleeps neaoetu v. emhaimenin the tear or nis countrymen, i The Senate and House of Kepresentatives have through! proper te oommemorate this tragio event by appro priate services. : This day, the birthday of bim whom we mourn, hat proDerly been selected. An eminent citizen, distinguished by hit labors and services in high and rs- sponsihle public position, at home and abroad, wbos nn has instructed the pres ent age in the history of his- oonntry, and done much to transmit the tame and renews of that country to future- tges, the .Hon. George Utnoroft, will now deliver a dis oeurse. lAppiauss.i , . ., , . Mr. Bancroft, who was sitting between Senator Foots en ona side arid Representa tive Washburne of Illinois on the other, tbeq arost and delivered the following ad dress ; .. . Mr. Bancroft's Oration. GOD IN HISTORY. Sbsatorb. Represntativks nr Amer ica : That God rules in the affairs men is as eertain as any truth of physical foionce On the great moving power which is frera the beginning, hangs the world nf the senses and the world of thought and notion. Eter nal wisdom marxhale the prest procession of lha nation, working in patient onntinuily through the ages, never halting and never arruDt, enoempassmg an events in us over sight, and ever affecting its will, though mortals may slumber in apathy or or pose with madness, rungs are lined un or thrown down, nations oome and go, republics nourujb and wither, dynasties pass away like a tale that is teld: but nothing is bv ohanoe, though men in their ignorance of oauaes rosy think to. The deeds of time are govern'od. as well as judged, bv the decrees ef eternity. - The eanrioe of fleeting exist ences bends to the immovable omnipotence which plants us root en sil the centuries, and has neither' ohange of nurnese nor re note. Sometimes, likes messenger through the thick darkness 'of night, it steps along mysterious ways; but when the hoar strikes for a people, or for mankind to pass into a nsw form of being, umeea hands draw tha bolts from gates of futurity : an all subduing influence prepares the mind of men for the coming revolution ; those -who plan renst anee find themselves in eenfliet with the willof Providence rather thea with human devices;' and all hearts and all understand ings, most nf all the opinions and influences of the unwilling, ate wondoi fully attracted and coin pellud to bear ferward the change which bsoomes more an obedience to the law of universal nature than submission to the arbitrament nfninri. . DESPAIR OF THE MEN OF THE REVOLUTION. The hops prevailed in Virginia thtt tho abolition ot the slave trade wuuld bring with it the gradual abolition of .Slavery, but thu expectation was doomed to disappointment. In supporting incipient measures for uui.tn cipation, Jefferson encountered difficulties greater than he could overcome, and after vain wmvtling. the word that broke from him, "I ttciuble for my country whun I re flect that God is just, that his justice can not sleen forever. " Were words of despair. 1 1 was the desire of Washington's heart that Virginia should remove Slavery by a public set; and as the prospects of a general eman cipation grew more and more dim, he, in utter hopelessness of tho aotion of the State, did all that he could by bequeathing free dom to his own slaves. Good and true men had, from the days of 1776, thought ot col onizing the negro in the home of his ances tors. But the idea of colonization was thought to inoroase the difficulty of eman cipation ; and in spite ot strong support, while it accomplished much good for Africa, it proved impracticable 'as a remedy at home. Madison, who in early life disliked Slavery so much that he wished "to de pend as hi tie as Dossible on the labor ot slaves!" Madison, who Jhold that where Slavery exists, " the republican theory be comes fallacious ; " Madison, who in the last years ot hi lite would not consent to the annexation of Texas, lest his countrymen should fill it with slaves ; Madison, who said, " Slavery is the greatest evil under which the nation labors, a portentous evil, an evil moral, politioal and economical, a sad blot en our free oountry, " went mournfully inte old age with the cheerless Words : "No satisfactory plan has yet been devised for taking eut the stain. ' NEW VIEWS OF SLAVERY. The men of the Revolution passed iw. A new generation sprang up, impatient that an institution to which they clung should be condemned as inhuman, unwise and un just ; in the throes of discontent at the selt-reproaoh ot their fathers, and blinded by the luster of wealth to be aonuired bv tha oulture of a new staple, ' thev devised the theory that Slavery, . which they would not abolish, was . not evil, but good. They turned on the friends of colonization, and confidently demanded, "Why take blaok men trora a civilized and Christian coun try, where their labor is a source of im mense gain aod a nownr to control th mar kets of the world, and send them to a land of ignorance, idolatry and indolence, which was the home of their forefathers, but not theirs? Slavery is a blessing. Ware thev not In their anoestral land naked, scarcely lifted above brutes, ignorant of the course of the sUn, controlled by nature? And in tneir new abode,, have they not been taught to knew the difference of the seasons, to plough, and plant, and reap, to drive oxen, to tame the horse, to exchange their snanrv dialect for the richest of all the languages among men, and the stupid adoration of fol lies for the purest religion? And since slavery is good for the blacks, it is good for their masters, bringing opulence end the op portunity of educating a rave. The slavery of the black is good in itself: "he shall serve the white man forever. " And na ture, which better understood the quality of fleeting interest and passion, laughed, as it caught the eoho, "man" and " forever 1" SLAVERY AT HOME. A regular development of nretentiona fol lowed the new declaration with logical con sistency. Under the old declaration every one of the States had retained, each "for tself, the right ef manumitting all slaves by an ordinary aot cf legislation; now, the power .ef the people over servitude through thoir Legislatures was curtailed, and the priviledged class was swift in imposing legal and constitutional, obstructions on the doo- pie themselves. The cower of emancipation was narrowed or taken away. The slave might not be disquieted by education. There remained an unconfeased consciousness that the system of bondage was wrong, and a restless memory tnat it was at variance with the true American tradition ;' its safety was therefore to be secured by political organi sation. The generation that made tha Con stitution took care for tbe Dredorainenee of freedom in Congress, by the ordinance of Jcnerson; the new school aspired to secure for Slavery an equality of votes in tbe Son ate ; and while it hinted , at an organio act that should onnoede to the collective South a veto power on national legislation, it as sumed that each State separately had the right to ruvise and nullify laws of the Uni ted State, acording to the discretion of its judgement. -, ,. ', ;. , , '. SLAVERY AND FOREIGN RELATIONS. The' new thoorv hung as a hi as on ' the foreign relations ot the country;' there oould be no recognition of Hayti, nor even of tho American oolony of Liberia: and the world was given to understand that the establish ment ot free labor in Cuba would he a rea son tor wresting that island from Snain. 1 srntortee were annexed: Louisiana. Florida. lexas, bait ot Mexico; Slavery must have its snare in tnem all, and it accepted for a time a dividing line between the unquestioned domain of free labor and that in which in voluntary labor was to be tolerated. A few years passed awav. and tbe new school strong and arrogant, demanded and received an apology tor applying the Jefferson pro viso to Oregon. SQUATTER SOVEREIGNTY. The aDtilicaflon Of that nrovisn was inter rupted for three administrations; but justice moved steadily onwards. In the news that the men or California had chosen free dom, Culboun heard the knell of parting Cl I JL-S 111 i. ' r slavery; ana on nis ueatn Deu he counseled secession. Washington, and Jefferson, ami Madison, had died despairing of the aboli tion ot slavery: uaihoun died in despair at tbe growth ot freedom.' Hit system rushed irresMtitijy to it natural development.! Th death struggle for California was followsi by a short truce; but the new school tf politician wbo said (bat Slavery, was not evil, but good,, soon sought to.. reeover the ground they had lost, land, o-inudeot of se curing lextv tbey demanded that tha es tablishod line in the territories between t reedom aad slavery should be blotted out The country, believing in the strength and enterprise and expansive energy 01 freedom, maoe answer, tboagn reluctantly: J$q so: let there be nn strife between brethre let -freedom and Slavery com nets for the ter ritories en equal terms, in a U'v field, Under an impartial administration;"' and on, this thory If otj any, 'the contest might have been left to tbe deoiAon of time. DRED SCOTT DECISION. The 8 wth started beok in appalmont from its victory, tor it knew that a fair competi tion foreboded its defeat. But where sould it now find nn ally to save it from its own mistake? What I have next td aajM po ken with no emotion, but ntgret. Our ' mooting to day is, - as it were, at the grave in the presence of Eternity, and tho truth must be utu-re-l in s ibernom and sincerity. in a great republic, as avas observed more thuti two thousand years ago, any attempt n uei iiiru ins main owes iissirengtn to SIU from soma branch of the Government, The Chief-Justice of the Uuiu;d Slates, without any necesatiy or occasion, Volunteer, d to come to the rescue of the theory of Slavery. And trnm his court there lay no appeal but to the bar of humanity and history. Against the Constitution, against tho memory of the nation, against a previous dec'iMon, against a series ef enactments, he decided that the slave is property, that slave pro perty is entitled to no less protection than any other property, that- the Constitution upholds it in every territory against any act of a local legislature, and even against Con gress itself; or, as the President toracly pro mulgated the saying: "Kansas is as much a Slave Stato as South Carolina or Georgia; Slavery, by virtue of the' Constitution exists in every Territory." . The municipal charac ter of &Iavcry being thus taken away, and slave property decreed to be "sacred," the authority of the oourts was invoked to intro duce it by tho comity of law into States where Slavery had been abolished; and in one of the courts of the United States a Judge pronounced the African slave trade legitimate, and numerous and powerful ad vocates demanded its restoration. TANEY AND SLAVE RACES. borate opinion, announced what had nevor been heard from any magistrate of Greece or Roraewhat was unknown to civil law. and oanon law, and feudal law, and com mon law, and constitutional law; unknown to Jay, to Rutledge. Ellsworth, and Mar- shal that there are "slave races." The spirit of evil is intensely logical. Having Xhe 1 tne autnonr ot this decision, five. States swiftly followed the earlier example of a sixth, and opened the way for reducing the iree negro to bonaage j the migrating free negro became a slave if he but touched tha soil of a seventh; ami an eighth, from its extent and soil and mineral resources, des tined to incalculable greatness, closed its eyes on its coming prosperity, and enacted as by Taney's decision it had the right to do that every free black man who would live within its limits must accept the con dition of Slavery for himself and his pos terity. SECESSION RESOLVED ON. Only one Sten more remained In ha tabsn Jefferson and the leading statesmen of his aay ncid last to tbe idea that the enslave ment of the African was socially, morally and politically wrong. The new school was rounded exactly upon the Opposi'.d idea ; and they resolved first to distriot the Demo- oratio party, for which the Supremo Court bad now furnished the means, and then to te establish a new soverntuent with X'eirrn Slavery for its oorner stone, as socially, morally and politically right.' EHE ELECTION. As the Presidential election drew nn. one of the old parties did not make its appear ance ; the other reeled as it snnohr to nr- serve its old position ; and the candidate Who most nearly renrescnted its best nnininn. driven by patriotic zeal, roamed the coun try from end to end to speak for union. eager at least to confront its enemies, yet not having hope that it would find its deliverance through bim. The storm rose to a whirlwind : who should allntr its wrath? The most experienced statesmen of the oountty had failed ; there was no hope for tnose wno were great alter the flesh ; could relief come lrom one whose wisdom was like the wisdom of little children? EARLY LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN. - America fell on a man horn west of the Alleghanies, in tho cabin of poor peopie oi narenn uounty, Kentucky Abra ham Lincoln. His mother could read but not write : bis father could do neither; but hit parents sent him, with an old spelling-book, to school, and' he learned in his childhood to do both. When eight year old be floated down the Ohio with his father on a raft which bore the family and all their possessions to the shores oi Indiana-; and, child as he was, he gave help as they toiled through dense forests to the interior of Spencer County. There in the land of free labor he grew up in a log cabin, wiih the solemn solitude for his teach er in his meditative hours Of Asiatic lit erature he know only the Bible; of Greek, .Latin-and mediaeval no more than the trans lation of .Einp's Fables; ofEuglish, John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress. The tradi tionsot'Geerge Fox and William Perin passed I.! -1- l . I .1.1! n . . to ii 1 01 iittiiiy utong me lines oi two centuries through his ancestors, who were Quakers. HIS EDUCATION. was altogether American. The Deal a ration ot Indepen dence was his compendium' of political wis dom ; tbe Life of Washington his constant study, and somotbiugof Jefferson and Mad ison readied him through Hunrv Clay, whom he honored from' boyhood. For the rest. from day to day, ho lived the life of the American people ;walked in jts light; reason ed with its reason ; thought with its power of thought; felt the beatings of its miehtv heart, and so was in everv way a child of nature a child of the West a child of America. ' HIS PROGRESS IN LIFE. At 19, fueling impulses of ambition to get on in the world, he engagod himself to go down tbe Mississippi in a flat-boat, receiving $10 a month for his wages, and afterward be made tbe trip onoa more. At. 21 be drove his father's cattle as the family mi grated to Illinois, and split rails to fence in tho new homestead in the wild. , At23 he was a oaptain of volunteers in the Black Hawk war. He kopt a shoo: he leirned something of surveying; but of English lit erature he added to liunyan nothing but Shakspeare's plays. At 25 ho was elected to the Legislature of Illinois, where he served eight years. At 27 he was admitted to tho bar: -In 1837 ho chose his home at Spring field, the beautiful centre of the riohest land in the State, lo 1847 ho was a member of the National Congress, where be voted about 40 times in favor of the principle of the Jefferson proviso. In 1804 ba gave nil in fluence te elect from Illinois to the Ansri cart Senate a Democrat who would oertainly d3 justice to Kansas' Ia IN58, as the rival pf Douglas,, 'be went before the people of the mighty L'rairio State, saying I "TUia union cannot permanency enuure nan siava and halt iree", tbe union 'will not be die solved,.; but thf house will oease to be di vided ; " and now in 1861, with no expo- eisrrae whatever as an executive officer, while states were madly Dying from tueir orbits ind wise men knew not where to find coun sel, this descendant of Quakers, this pupil of Bunyan, this child ot the great West, He measured the difficulty of ihe duty that devi lved on bim, and was resolved to fulfil 1L HE GOES TO WASHINGTON. As on tbe 1 1th of February, 18C1. bt left Springfield, which for a quarter of a Cen tury had been his happy home, to the crowd of his friends and neighbors whom he was never marc.'n uieot, he spoke a solemn farewell : ''I know not how soon I shall see you again. A duty has Heoed lupon me greater than that which has devolvd upon any other man since Wai-hinzton. He never would have succcrd'd, except for the aid of Divine Providence, upon which he at all times relied. Ou the same Almighty Be ing I place my reliance. Pray that I may reueive that Divine assistance, without which I cannot succeed, but with which success is certain." To the men of Indiana he said: "I am but an accidental, tempo- j rary instrument : it is your business to ne up and preservo the Union and liberty." At the capi'ol of O'jio be said : "Without a name, without a reason why I should have a name, there has fallen uon mo a ta-k such as did not rest even upon the Father nf his Country." At various places in New lork, especially at Albrtny, before tbe Leg islature, which tendered him the united sup port of the great Empire State, be said : "While t hold myself iho humblest of all individuals who have ever been elevated to ' the Presidency, I have a more difficult task I to perform than any of ihera. I bring a ' true heart to the work. 1 must rely Upon the people of tbe whole country for support; and with their sustaining aid even I.humblu . as I am, cannot fail to curry the f-hip.of i state safely through tbe storm " To ihe i Assembly of New Jersey, at Trenton, he I explained : "I shall take the ground I deem ' most just to the Noith, the East, the West. I the South, and the whole country, in good j temper, certainly with no malice toanysec- tl0D- I am devoted to peace, but it may be necessary to put the toot down nnuly. lo the old Independence Hall ot Philadelphia he said : "1 have never had a feeling no- i litically that did not spring from tbe semi- ; ments embodied in the Declaration of In-; dependence, which gave liberty not alone ' uj ma pcuiiiu ui tins uuuiiu v, vu: tu tuts i world io all future time. II the Country be saved without giving up that priu- ; . . u - t c . i . . i - . to the : ciple, I would rather be assassinated on the spot than surrender it. I have aid nothing but what I am willing to live and die by." IN WHAT STATE UE FOUND TUE COUNTRY. Traveling in the dead of night to escape assassination, Lincoln arrived at Washing ton nino days before bis inauguration. Tbe outgoing President, at the opening of the session of Congress, had still kept as tbe majority of his advisers men engaged in treasou; had declared that in case of even ao"ifiaginary" apprehension of danger from notions of freedom among the slaves, "dis- union would become inevitaWe." Lincoln and others bad questioned tbe opinion of Taney; such impugning he ascribed to "the faotious temper ofthe times." The favorite doctrine of the mnjority of the Democratic party on tho power of a territorial legislature over Slavery he condemned" as an attack on "the sacred rights nf property. " The Stato legislatures, he insisted, must repeal what he called "their uncmslifutionil and obnoxious enactments " and which, if such, Were "null and void," or "it would be im possible fur any human power to save tbe Union." Nay! iftho.se unimportant acts were not revealed, "tho injured States would be justified in revolutionary resistance to the government of the Union. Us maintained that no State might secede at its sovereign will and pleasure); that the Union was meant tor perpetuity, and that Congress might attempt to preserve, but only by conciliation; that " the sword was not placed in their hands to preserve it by force; " that " the last desperate remedy of a despairing people weuld be an explan atory amendment recognizing the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. The American Union be called ,' a confederacy " ot Slates, and he thought it a dut7 to-make the appeal for the amend ment "before any ot these Mates should separate themselves from the Union. The views of the Lieutenant-General, con taining some patriotic advice, "conceded tbe right of secession, " pronounced a quadruple rupture of the Union " a Bmaller evil than the reuniting ofthe fragments by the sword, . and eschewed the i lea ot invading a seceded State. " After changes in the Cabinet, the President informed Congress that matters were still worse ; " that "tho South suffered serious grievan ces, " which should be redressed " in peace. Toe day alter the message the flag of the Union was fired upen from Fort Moultrie, and the insult was not revenged or noticed. - Senators in uongress telegraphed- to their constituents to seize tbe National torts, and they wero not arrested. Tbe finances of the country were grievously embarrassed. Its little army was not within reach tbe part of it in ' Texas, with all its stores, was made ever by its com mander to the seceding insurgents. One State after another voted in convention to go out ef the Uuinn, A Peace Congress, so called, met,"1 at the request of Virginia, to concert tbe terms of a capulation for the continunnoe of the Uuinn. Congress, in both branches, sought to devisa conciliatory expedients; the Territories of the country were organized in a manner not to couflret with any pretensiooa-ot' the South, or any decision of the Supreme Court: and never theless the seceding Slates formed at Mont gomery a Provisional Uovernmcnt, and pur sued their relentless purpose with su6h sue cess that the Lieutenant-General feared the City of Washington might find itself "in oluded in a foreign oountry," and proposed among the options for the consideration of Lincoln, to bid the seoeded States "depart in peace." The great Bupublio seemed to have its emblem In the vast unfinished Capitol, at that moment surrounded by m isses of stono and postrate columns neter yet lifted into their planes-seemingly tha monument of high but delusive aspiratiou, the confused wreck of inchoate magnificence, sadder than any ruin of Ejryptsiu Thebes " I i i HIS INAUGURATION. . . The 4th ot March came. With instinct iv wisdom the nsw President, sneak ing to the people on taking the oath of office, put aside every question that di vided the country, and gained a right to uni -yersal support, by planting himself en the single idea tuition, jnai union ne ac ts) arc d to be unbroken and perpetual ; and announced his determination to fulfill " the sample duty of taking care that the laws be faithfully executed in altthe Slates." Seven days later, the Convention of Confederate States unanimously adopted a ConstiKrtino of their own ) and the new Gc-vfrninent was authoritatively announced 't Im founded on the idea that Slavery is iho natural and normal condition l tbe negro rsee. Tils' issue was mads up whether the 'teat Re public was to maintain its providential place in the histoey of mankind, or a rebellion founded on Negro Slavery gain a recogni tion of its principle throughout the civilized world. To tbe uisafTdeted Lincoln bad said: "You can have no conflict .without being yourselves the aggressors; " to fire the pas sions of the Southern portion of the pco Id, the Confederate Govet ninsiitt hose to hecome aggre.sors ; and on tbe morning of the 12ih of April began lie bombardment Of Fort Sumter, and compelled its evacuation. UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. . , i , . r , i, t rmht to sharo the life and hope of the Re- j public, to feel their responsibility to their : the glory nf tbe ho had perfect faith in the perpetuity of the Union. Supported in advance by Douglas, who spoke as wiih the voice of a million, he instantly railed a meeting of Congress, and nuuibiom d the people to come up and re possess the forts, places and property which 'd been scizjt from ijjejjnion. The men of the Naixkwere trained in schools; in dustrioui aud frugal : many of them deli cately bred, their minds teeming with ideas and fertile in plans of enterprise ; gktn to the culture of arts ; egcr'in the pursuit of wealth, yet employing wealth less for osten tation than fur developing the resources of tbeir country; seeking happiness in the calm of domostio life ; and such lovers of pcaco that for generations the' bad been reputed unwarhke. ow, at tbe cry o; their country in its distress, incy rose up i with unappeasable patriotism ; not hire lingsthe purest and of tbe lest blood in ihe land; suistifa pious ancestry, with a clear perception of duty, unclouded faith and fixed resolve to succeed, thfy thronged round the President, to support the wronged and beautiful flag cf the nation. The halls ot theological seminaries sent forth their young mqn, whose lips were touched with eloquence, whose hearts kindled with demo tion, to serve in the ranks, and make their w.v t.i mmminil nnltf as itipo tarned tho art of war. Striplings in the colleges, as well as ihe most gentle and the most stu dious; those of sweetest temper and love- "est character and bngbtist gens passed from their classes to the camp. Ihe lurn- oerman spr.r.g lorwaru tr-tiij tnc nire.-ts, iub mechanics from their benches, where they "st oeen iraiueu iy tuu rxeic:s? ui (luiiucai lorciu' uers, meir posieri j auu iiiiinaiiiu, wont forth, resolved thnt their dignity as a i eonsti-ui-at part of this Republic should nt be impaired, rarmers and sons ot fanners ! loft the land but hall plouzhrd, the grain t-it tne lanu uut nun piuuntru, nic uraut i but half planted, and taking up tlirir mus ket, learned to face without fer,r the pres ence of peril and the coming of death in the shocks of war, while their hearts were still attracted to the chirms of their rural life and all the tender affections of home. Whatever there was of truth, and faith, and public love in the common heart, broke out w;1" "" "pre"""- unsmy nmua l'luw fiom every quarter to fan the flame of the sacred and fire, , j I i THE WAR A WORLD-WIDE WAR. Fur a time the war was thoutht to be con fided to our own domestic aff-tirs, but it was soon seen that it invalved the destinies of man kind, and its principles and causes shook tbe politics of Europe to tho center, and frotn jjisoon ro.reMti uiv wts iub uovsnimeuia 01 the woild. j . GREAY BRITAIN. There was a kingdom who?e peoplo had in an en n tnt degree attained tJ freedom ! of iuduttry aul the sscirity of persin and i property. Its mi Idle class rose t great-J nesi. Out of tint clasi sprung tbe noblest ; poets and philosophers, whose words built up tho intelleet of its people ; skillful navi- gators to find out the many paths ofthe oceans; discoverers in natural science, whoso inventions guided its industry to wealth, till it equaled sny nation or me world in letters, and excelled all in trade and commerce. But its Government was become a government ot land, and not of men ; every blade of grass wasreprescnted, but only a small mimrity of the people. In the transition from, the feudal forms, tho heads of lha social otganization freed them- selves from the military services which were thj conditions of their tennre, and, throwing the burden on the industrial classes kept all the soil to themselves. Vast estates . i . l ii 1 u , that had been manigjd by nmastarie as endowments for religion and charity were impropriated to swell the wealth of conrticrs and favorites ; and the commons where the poor man one had his right of pasture were taken away, and, under forms of law, inclosed di.stributivfly within their own do mains. Although no law forbade uny in habitant from purchasing land, the costli ness of the transfer constituted a prohibi tion ; so that it was the rule of that country that the plow should not be in the bands of its owner. The. Church wis rested on a contradiction, claiming to be an embodi ment of absolute truth, and yet was a crea ture of the statute book. I : j j i i i HER SENTIMENTS. progress ¬ ble contrast between wealth and poverty; in their years of strength tho laboring pen- . . ! ii i : . i. pie, cut on from an snare in ituvurmtn mo State, derived a scanty support from the Siverest toil, and had no hpe for' old age but in public charity or death. A grasping ambition had dotted the world with military posts, kept watch n'er our borders on the Northeast, at the Bermudas, in the West Indies, held the gates of the Paeifie, of the Southern and ofthe Indian Oocans, hover ed nn our Northwest at Vanojuver, held the wbolo ofthe newest continent, and the en trances to the old Mediterranean and Red Sea ; and garrisoned forts all tha way from Madras to China. Tint iiristepiey had gazed with terror on the growth of a com monwealth where, freeholds existed by ihe million, and rt-ligion was not in bondjge to the State; and now they enuld not repress their jiy at its perils. They had not one word ef sympathy for the kind hearted poor man's son whom Auisrioa had chn-a-n lorohiet; they jsered at ins large nanus, and long feet, and ungainly ettun; and the British Secretary of Sate for Foreign Affairs made haste to send ward tbroosh the palaces of Europa that thu great Re publio was in ita agony that the R-ipuMio was no mere that a head-stone was all thfrf remained duo by the taw of nation 4 "the late Union." ! But it is written t i' Lit the dead bury their dead:'' they, may not bury the living. Let tbe dead bury their dead : - let a bill of reJortu retiif v the wrn- nut government of a elass. -an,) tufas iwtr life into the Uritih-CVotttutior by jxmi fi ling rightful power- to tho people. -n, ' 1 1 , , : HER POLICY. - But whilu the vitality f ;Aueri is o destructible, tho Rtiteh Goveromeet hurried to do what never betor bad been dene- by Christian powers, : what, was in i direct aon jfcc wjwa, WBejpviyn of $ ublwJaw i THRMS OF AllVCliTHItU. On tiiar., (tea hn.a or lea.l on. or tl.ro. Inaar- . tioaa . ,., ....ft W Fsrli Mli.ftiueni inaeriioii , nti On, nunr ilirr moniLt . I M ' : ' . . I I Hiaiaaa. Caaua,( lu loarvaitlirMw. I yeaat ... , ' jmi4t.' ravtnv i. nowtoertlln rtiw fotirrt ( a r.w.u.e ,i an r nm. avat r,r nrt A .ell cM.a. iiotirri,r l, ti,lnga, M. A Ct.uuvi. Mtitaa lour changes, Sou. "T ' Kaaawa annatnaaiiian nw In t. rv rf. o paid in Jd v am t, or guai .u,-.tU b4 ri.jioi,,,!. Ir (sarua an, w ServiAL NinKti and TVuaLt Ci t. m innwi. it. once and a hall Ilia rule, of (military advortisw the time of our strurgle for MdrndttM. Though the insurgent Sratsi had aot a ship ' in an open harbor, it iovested them with all the rights of a belligerent, even on the ocean ; aad this, too, when the Rebellion was not only directed against tha- geotlese and most beneficent Oowrnmnt on earth, without a shadow of jntifiabto eaassv bt when the Rebellion was directed against h as wan nature itself for the perpetnai enslavet. toeiit of a race. And tho effort this ivrwg mtion was that sets in themselves pi retinal found shatter in IJrilish cmru ef law. : Tha resources of British capitalists, th-jir work shops, their artooties, thir private arsenals, their shipyards, were -n league with the iav sargents, and every British harbor in tha wide world bacame a safe prtrt for British ships, mannel by Britit.li sailors and armeel with iiritish guns, to prey on our peaceful commerce; even on our shins coming from Kntisb ports freighted with British pre duete, or that had osrried gifts of grain the Knghsh poor. The Prime Minister in the Hi-use of Cemmnns, susta ned by cheers, scoffed at ihe thought that their laws ooold be amended at our rquosf, to as to pre serve real neutrality ; and to remonstrances, now owned to have been just, their secre tary answered that tbey could not ebaogs their laws ad infinitum.. RELATIONS WITH ENGLAND. The people ot America then wished, as tbey alwavs have wihhl. a. thou .;n ;.w friendly relstioos will. England ; and notr.an in j.ngiaoa or America can somh it t more air.mgiy than 1. ibis country has always yearned tor good relation with England. I hrice only in all its history has thai yearn ing been fairly met in th davs of,Hampdea and Cromwell ; again it tbe first ministry ot the elder Pitt, and one, again, in the min istry ot bhelburne. Not that there hsve not at all times fx-cn just men among tbe pwrs of Britain, like Halifax in the days of James II, er a Granville, an Argyll, or. Houghton in ours ; and we cannot be indif ti'Tent to a country that produces statesmen like Golden and Bright; but the best bower nchor of xieace, was the wot king-class of jMig.Und, whrvK-ifTered most from onr civil war. but who, while they broke their dimin ished bread in sorrow, always enceurageei us to ptrncvfre. ,. FRANCE AND THE MONROE DOCTRINE. i i . , . . , ,. beloved in Auieuca, on which she bad crm cannot 'err-Hi the greatest bent fits that one people The act ot recognizing the Rebel beliigr- tu.i. 1-iiii.tmcu witu rranoe; Trance, an -' mmtuwi uu anutnrr; i ranee, wnioM stands foremost en the continent of Europe f'r the solidity of her culture, as well as'f'Jr tne bravery and generous nn pulses of her sons ; I-ranee, which for centuries had tn nioving.steadily in its own way tewsrd intel lectual and political freedom. The policy regarding further colonization of America by E.iropean powers, known unmsinnls the d.ietrin ofMonrue, bad its origin in i.auec, auu ii it takes any man s name should bear the name of Turgot. It was adopted by Louii the Sixteenth, in the cab inet of wbtch V ergennes was the Boat im portant member. It is .emphatically tha policy of France, to which, with transient deviations, the Bourbons, the First Napo leon, the House cl (J.luao, . Late aver adhered. THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AND MEXICO. ine mi .'resident was perpetually- barn assed by rumors rlmt tha Emperor .Napole ucsin u lormaiiy to recognise, the States in rebellion as - an independent power, and that England held him baok by ber reluctance, or France by her traditions nf freedom, or ho himself bv his own better judgment and clear perception of svcb'sv But the.Republic of Mexico, en onr hordey. was. like ourselves.'distract'd by a rebcjSon and from a simi'ar c-iu. The mn.Wehy of England had lasieoed upon m (Slavery, which did not disappear with indepDdeio-; in iikc manner, me o:?!e-ia.sncl4o!irr established the bpauis-h Citunnil f the inuies. in tnc uays ot unark-s toe Firth, aud Philip the Second, retained its vigor jn the Mexican Republic. The filly year of civil war uuder whiclrnlie had aiiguiatetl was due to the bigoted rvysteia which was the legacy ot monarchy, just a heie the inheritance of Slavery kept a'jva, political strife, aod culminated iu civil war'. As with us there ould be no quiet but through the eni ot Slavery, so id Mexi o there could be no prosperity until the crushing tyranny of intolerance, should ceae. The t.rfy ,of Luqh, ;n ii,. r v.: . . i . . . . i emissaries' to Europe to solicit .aid j amj go w,.ww in iiir sjuiircu plains ?i!uk isteir did the party of the.Cl cro'i in iitxiw, as organized Ly tho . Snapihh -Council of the Indies, but with a differeiii'mulk .lust as t'ie R 'publican pirry had nude au end of the Rebellion, and was CjUablL liuihe best government ever known in that region, and giving promise ta the nation ot. order, peace and prosperity, word was brsught ujvu he moment of our de-'peat afiljcaou, tbat.the Fretuh Emperor, moved, by a ile.sire losrcot in North Anijrica a buttress lor- imperia-r ism, wiiuld tninsforni the republio of Mexico iuto a sccunibS-genittics, fur , tbe house of llupsburg. America miht .com plain; she cou'd not thin iujtcrp-iif-4 aod de'sy seemed justifiable. It was seen (hat Mexico ould nor, with all its wealth '. ef land, (limpe t in cereal r. roduo'-s with , onr tlt .Liir .. . - i i . --, rorin tvesi, nor in irojucu. proijjci wim Ctbaj nor co'uiJ it,, tinier, a; depute;! dynasty, a' tract capital, or create. puUie works, or develop mines; or luinjvv iiumnyj so that the imperial, systvtn i.f,AIoxjco wbiuh wasjjrccd otbnct to r tpgniae be wisdom . o the eoliey ofthe 'rcputiio,, Ly adopting it, could prove ouly an uareutuay ating drain ou theFrt-nth treasuryr'Jbr'tbe support ot an Austrian adventurer.' j tVi THE PERPETUITY OF REPUBLICAN INSTITUTIONS. ,' TUTIONS. , , ?"' ; rj Meantime, a new scrips of niomftpna questions grow up, ; aud force tbeu.s Jvos ou tbe con-ideraiion of the ' thoujjhtlul. Kepullicniiistn has learned how to introduce inlo its Constitution every clement of o'der as well on every element -nf freedom ;.J;ut thus far tbe continuity" of its pfivernnrt-iit has seemed to depend in tbe continuity ef elections. It is now to be con-flilered how peHpetnity is tn be serun-d' 'sgsiust1 foreign oceupattfvn. " Th iirees-or of Charles ifce First ot Kne'ind d ittd'jti,retgit frnrft the death of his f.ithtry !the BpeHxiti, ornirtvt bank after ' a fang ; Stries;n;rt.Vll!u,tbw1, daimed ibat tlio Lm's bi','biil!ime''Ittrg was the lHth of that naine,"- The fies-Qt K,inperor of the Freiioi. disd-liiiisp k' tiff from oleotion alohe,'i-t'c'i4fe-f 'the' thirst f his name. Shall a irepublirt he.'Je PW 1 er of con'innanert wheninvsding rrS's ptwvent a Tieaeettil yesort the ha'to be? What foic- shall jt' attart i t-irtveniia legialaiioo? ' What vdiy itvhw evu traced fjr its overlhrowf ' Ttese aierstfria. one questions sre by tbe itrvat-ioti '.isVMsg ioo thrown up f'nr anlut inn.; ' A -fre te onoe truly eooarited should Ive as sJyie4 ss its people f-tbeRepuWioof Mexico wasr risesgaw" i" 1'-V4 THE PERPETUITY OF REPUBLICAN INSTITUTIONS. (Concluded on Second Page.)