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THE BULLETIN.
Metal rMrt tftaciur Comntf
IOUN B. OBIRLY, Wltor nd PubliinM
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Reported Expressly for the Bulletin.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
VTAniMTof i December 2, 1873. The
following U a copy of tho president's met-
ago, a read to the Sonata and llouie of
Koprntlives in Joint convention to
day:
iNTtlOKUCTIOM.
To the Senate and Home of Keprescntci'i
ticct t
The year that has past flincc tnc sub
mission of my last message to congress
has, especially tho. latter part of it,
been an eventful one to the country.
In the midst of great national proHpcr-
ity, a financial crisis has occurred that
has brought low fortunes of great
proportions ; political partisanship lias
almost ceased to exist, especially in the
agricultural regions ; and finally the
capture upon the high peas of a
VESSEL BEAKJKa OUR FLAU
has for a timo threatened tho most .se
rious eonscquonccs, and has excited tho
publio mind from ono end of the coun
try to tho other. But this, happily, is
now in tho courso ot (satisfactory ad
justment, honorable to both nations
concerned. Tho relations of tho Uni
ted States, however, with most of tho
other natious continue to bo friendly
and cordial. With Franco, Germany,
ltassia,Italy, and tho other minor .Euro
pean powers ; Brazil and most of tho
couth American republics, and with
Japan nothing has occurred during the
year to demand special notice. The
correspondence between tho depart
ment of stato and various diplomatic
representatives in or from these coun
tries, is transmitted herewith.
THE VIENNA EXPOSITION.
In executing tho will of congress as
expressed in its joint, resolution of the
11th of February last, and in accord
ance with the provisions or tho resolu
tion, 'a number of the principal arti
sans of scientific men and of honoary
commissions wcro authorized to attend
tho exposition at Vienna as commis
sioners on the part of tho United
States. It is believed that vrc havo
obtained the object which Congress
had in view when it passed the joint
resolution, in order to cnablo tho peo
ple of tho United States to participate
in the advantages of international ex
hibition of tbo products of agriculture,
manufactures and tbo fine arts to bo
held at Vienna. I tako plcasuro in
adding that tho American exhibitors
havo received a gratifying number of
diplomas and medals. During tho ex
hibition a conferenco was hold at Vi
enna for tho purposo of consultation
on tho systems prevailing in different
countries, for tho perfections of inven
tions. I authorized a representative
from tho patent office to bo present at
Vienna at tho timo when tho confer
ence was to takn placo, in order to aid
as far as ho might in neouring any pos
sible additional protection to American
inventors in Jiurono. Tho report of
the agent will be laid bcloro Uongiess,
CHINA.
It is my pleasant duty to onuounco
to congress that the emperor ot China,
on obtaining his majority, received the
diplomatic representatives of tho west
ern powers in person. An account of
theso ccroinonics, and of tho interest
ing lincussions which proceeded, will
do lounu in tho accompanying docu
ments transmuted herewith. Tho no
companying papers chow that some ad
vuncu, although slight, has been mado
during the past year towards tho sup-
tratfe. l recommend Congress tV.'
quire wjicthor additional legislation be
not needed on this Eubjcct.
THE GENEVA AWA11D
Tho money awarded to us by the
tribunal of arbitration at Geneva, was
paid by her majesty' government a
few days in advance of the time wheu
it would havo beoamo payable, accord
inL' to tho terms of the treatv In cum
pliance with tho provision of the act o
March dd, ibili, it was at once pa
into the treasury, and used to redeem
o far as it might, tho public debt of
tho United States, and tho amount h.o
redeemed was invested in n fivo per
cent, registered bond of tho United
Statos, for fifteen millions five hundred
thousand dollars, which is now held by
tho secretary of state, subject to the fu
ture disposition of Congress.
ALAUAMA AND BUANNADOAIJ CI.AIMB.
I renew my recommendations made
at the assembling of the last Kcssion of
C'ougrcss, thatJ commission bo crea
ted for the purjioW of auditing and de
termining tho amouVi of 1,10 ovml
claims growing out ofyho destruction
of vessels and their car'hy tho Al
abama and 8hmcandoah after leaving
Melbourn, for ubich the Buflbrers "fcJiyo
reecived noequholant or compensation,
and ascertaining- the names of persons
entitled to rccoivo compensation fur
Bn?o, making tho computation on tho
I Ve
TBLE6R a phig
not to exceed tho awards of tho tribunal
atGoueva,
By tho act approved on tho Villi of
February last, Congress mado provi
sions by law for completing, jointly,
.with an officer or commissioner to bo
named by her Brittauic Majesty, tho
determination of so much of tho bound
ary lino between the territory of Great
Britain, as was left incompleted by
tho commissioners appointed under tho
act of Congress of August 1 1th, 18f0.
Under the provisions of this net, the
northwest water boundary of tho Uni
ted States lias been determined, and
marked in nccordanca-with thcaward of
tho emperor of Germany. A proctocal
and a copy of a map on which tho lino
was thus marked, nro convoyed on n
paper submitted hero, and also trans
mit a copy of tho report of tho com
missioner for making tho boundary
between tho United States nnd tho
British possessions west of tho Lake of
tho Woods. Of tho operations of com
missioners during tho past session, sur
voys havo been mado to a point forty
nino miles west of the Lake of the
Woods, leaving about thrco hundred
and fifty' miles to bo mirvcrcd, the
field work of which can bo completed
during next bcason. Tho commission
organized under tho provisions of tho
treaty of Washington for settlement,
and determining tho claims of citizens
of cither power against tho other, claus
ing out acts committed against their
Ecrson or property during tho period
etween April 13th, 1801, and April
Oth, 1805, mado its final award ou tho
23d of September last. It was awarded
that the government of tho United
States should pay to tbo government of
her Brittauio Majesty, within twelve
months from tho date of tho award, the
sum ot 120,810 in gold. The
commission disallowed or dismissed all
other claims of British subjects
against tho United States. Tho amount
of tho claims presented by tho Iiritish
government, but disallowed or dis
missed, is understood to bo about
89,300,000. It also disallowed nil tbo
claims of the United States against
Great Britain. I recommend tho pas
sago of an act appropriating an amount
necessary to pay this award against tho
United States.
1 have caused to bo communicated to
tho government of tho king of Italy,
tho thanks of this government for their
eminent services rendered by 'Jouut
C'outi, as third commissioner on this
commission.
Tho distinguished representatives of
her Brittinio majesty at Washington
has kindly consented, with approval
of his government, to assumo tho ar
duous and responsible duties of umpire
in tho commission, and to lend tho
might of his character and uauio to
such" decission as may not receive the
acquiscuce of both the arbitrators ap
pointed by tho respective govern
ments. Tho commission appointed is
subject to tho authority of Congrcs,to
cxamino mto the nature una extent ot
the forages by trespassers from that
oountryupon tho hoards of Texas.
THE VJ..VEZ217LA GOVERNMENT
has been oppressed of tho senso that
Congress in rogard to the award of tho
joint commission under tho constitu
tion oi tlioUOth ot April, 1800, as ex
pressed in the net of 25th of February
last, it is apprehended that the gov
ernment docs not realize tho character
of ita obligations under that constitu
tion, as thcro is reason to bcloivc.
Ilowevor its hesitancy in recognizing,
a part at least, from tho real difficulty
iu discharging them in connection with
its obligations to other governments.
Tho expidency of forbearance on our
part, isbeloivcd to bo work for your
consideration.
The Ottoman government aud that
of hgypt have latterly shown a diMio
sition to roliove foroign coinsels of the
judicial powers, which, hcrctoforo they
have exercised in tho lSritish donun-
ions.by organizing other tribunals. Ah
Congress, however, lias by law provi
ded for tho discharge ot judicial tunc
tions by consuls ot tuo United states
in that quarter, under tho treaty of
1830, I havo not felt nt liberty form.
ally, to accept the present charge with
out tho assent of Congress, whoso de
cision upon subjects at legislation to
create a special court to consent of their
judges who shall bo empowered to hear
and dctcrmino all claims made upon
tho United States nrising out nets
committed against her person or prop
orty, during insurrection. The recent
conlerrenco under tho troaty oi Wash
ingtou wascoufiucd to olaimn of British
subjocts, arising during tbo period
named in the treaty, but it is under
stood there are other British claims o!
a simular nature arising after tho 0th
of April J bOf), and it is known, llm
vauced by citizens or subjects of other
powers. It is dcsirablo to hare tlicso
claims also examined and disposed of.
(Jmcial information being received
from tho Dutch government of a state
of war botween the king INctheatand
nnd tbo Sultan of Achecen. Tl
officers of tho United States who were
near tho mat of war, wore instructed to
observe an impartial neutrality. It
believed that they have done so.
THE JOINT COMMISSION
1 11 . 1 1,
minor tnc convention witn Mexico, in
leoi), having again been legally pro.
longed, bas resumed its business whicl
t is hoped may bo brought to au early
conclusion.
HANTI POXlt.S-UO
As early a period as may bo convenient
is rtquostcu to transmit lor tne considera
tion of congress the application of ttanti
JJomlngo to this government tooxurcite
proclocteratii over that republic.
thcatim with lo UK urn row ICRS.
Sinuo tho adjournment of Congross the
following treaties with foreign powers
baye been proclaimed : A naturalization
convention with Deunmrck; a conven
tion with Mexico for resuming thn claims
commission; a convention of friendship
of commerce and extradition with the
range of free states, and a naturalisation
renventlcn with Kquador.
1 renew a re'ommondfttion made in mv
lnj7nage of 1873, that Congress author! to
thVu,tm''t,r K00"1' t0 'MU9 " cnm
missions Lce" PPolntod through hia
denarrtiMMiiuii ui
lMCvimrtrull,-)Ri.DiTIO.
THE CAIRO DAILY 0JJLLKT1N, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1873.
Slate., respecting ' extradition,
and the law of nations by
Individual. Many cltizohi of tbe United
State retide permanently abroad with
their fain ilea under permliilou of the act
approved February lo, 1800. The chil
dren of such fatuiliei are to be defined
and taken to be citizom of the United
State', but the rights or citizenship aro
not to doscend lo persons whom fathers
never residod in tho Unitod Htatci. It
thin happens tbatponom who never re
tided within the United States, have been
enabled to put forward a pretention to
tho notions of tba United Hutts amongst
their eialm to tho military service of the
government under whose protoctlon they
were born nnd have boon roared. Iu
lome cases unnaturalized cltizons, of the
United Statsi have returned lo tho lend of
their birth to roerialn there, and their chil
dren, the ieauo of a marriage conlractod
thero, afterward return, and who havo
never been in the United States have
laid clnitn to our protection, when tho
lapso of many years have Impoicd on
them tho duty of military sorvlce to tho
only government which had known thorn
personally. Untill tho year 1KC8 it was
loft omharasiod by conflicting opinion, of
courtt and juriita to deturnilne how far
the doctrine of porpotual allegiance, de
rivod from our former colonial relatione
with Great Ilritian, whi appllcublo
to American citizoni. C'ongrcsa then
wliely ewupt theae doubts by enacting that
any declaration, Instruction, ordor.or.de
cialon of any officer of this government
which dotUoi, restrict, impairs or ques
tions the right of expatriation, is iacoiais
tout with tuo fundamental principles of
this government, Hut Congress did not
enact In that statuo, nor has it since done
so, what acts may doouiod tho work
of expatriation. My own guidance in
delivering such questions roquirod under
tho provisions of Congrois.ia tho opinion in
writing of tho principle ollicors in each of
tlio executive departments upon certain
questions rotating lo this subject, and tho
result satisfies mo that furthor legislation
is uocossary. 1 theroforo commend the
subject to the eonaldoration of Congroes
and 1 transmit herewith copies of eovorat
opinions of tho prlnclplo olltcere of tho ex
ecutive departments, together with otliof
correspondence and prominent informa
tion on the same subject.
Tho Unitod Btates who led iho way in
tho overthrow of feudal allegiance, are
among the last lo indicate how their own
citizoni may elect another nationality.
The papers submitted herewith indicato
what is necessary to placo us on a par with
other leading nations in liberty and legis
lation on this international quostion.
We have already in our treaties assented
to principles which would neod to be em
bodied in tho laws intendod to accomplish
tho results.
CITIZENSHIP.
Wo have agrood ttlmt cititsns of the
Unitod Statoa may cease to be citiKons
and may voluntarily render allegiance to
other powers; wo have agreed that resi
dence in a foroign land, without intent to
return, shall itaulf wiah explanation ; wo
havo agreed upon tho length of time no
ceasary for auch intent. 1 invito Cougruss
to mark out and dellno wheu their oxpla
nation can bo accomplished ; to regulnto
by law tho condition of American wumon
marrying foreigners ; for tfca status of
children born in foreign countries of
American parents residing more or less
abroad, and tlx rules fur dotorming auch
other kindred points us may scorn best to
Uongrots.
tiik srAMsn niruiiMC.
In compilation VilU tU tooumI of Con
greis. 1 traniiaittod-totho Ainuricanmln
Ister ml Madrid with instructions to pr
sent it, to the Snantah novornmont,
lb joint roaolutiuns Approved on
the 3d of March last, tendering to the
pooplo of Spain in the name and on be
half of tho Amorican poople, the congrnt-
lion or Congress on tno ctiorts to consoli
date in Spain tho principles of universal
llberty,in a republican form of government.
in tbe exlstcnco or tuts view, tae re
public was inaugurated by striking tho
fettors from tho slaves in Porto Rico, and
tbla beniflcont measure was followed by
tho roleaso of several thousand poraona
illegally hold as slaves in Cuba; and noxt
tho captain-general of Mint colony was re-
lleveu oi me power to sui asiue
tho orders of his superior at Madrid,
which had portalnod to his ofllco since
1825. tho scoucstered estates of Amorican
citieens, which had been thorauio of long
and freoueat correspondency. woro oruoreu
to ba resloreu to moir ownnra. au meso
liberal stops, tnkon in tho face of violent
opposition directed by the reactionary
slavo holders of Havana, who. vainly
striving toatay the march of liberal ideas,
has terminated slavery in enriaten
dom.
CU1IA. ONI.T SXORrTXD.
Unhappily, however, their baneful in
fluonce has thus far succooded in defeat
ing tho efforts of all liberal minded men
In Spaiu to abolish slavery in Cuba, and
in preventing tno promised ruiorm in that
land, and tho strugglo for polotlcal su
premacy continues.
THE l.RO-MI.AVtllY AUIkTOCnJLT IM CUUA.
is gradually arraigning itself in more and
mora open hostility, aud deflanco of the
homo government. Whilo it Btill main
tains a political connection with the re
public iu tho peninsula, and although
usurping and defying tbo authority of
tho homo government whenever such
usurpation or defiance tends in tho direc
tion of oppression or of tho mnlntaiuouce
of abusei,!t is still a power in Madrid aud
recognizad by the government. Thus, an
element more dangerous to tho continued
colonial relations between Cuba and Spain
than that which inspired tho insurrection
at Yarrai aa element opposed to granting
any rellur irom inu.j.i. ...a a)IUe. with no
..i..ilnn flr fraaflnm pnnimandlni; no
sympathies or generous breasts, aiming to
rivet still stronger tho shackles of slaverv
and oppression, has seized many of the
ombloms or power in Liulia, and under
vaorKssiona or lotai.tt
to tho mother country Is exhausting tho
rosource ef the island, and is doing acts
wincn aro at varionc witn ttioso princi
ples of justioe, liberality and right, which
gives nobility ol character to a republic.
In tho hearts of humanity and of progress
it is to bo hoped that this
evil influence tuny bo uvurtid.
Till: STKAHER VIRQINIU8,
was on the 'JCth of September 1870. duly
registered al (tho port ,of New York as a
part of tho commercial marine of the
United States. On tho 4th of October
1U70, leaving the cortlflcato of her register
in tho usual leisal form, ahe sailed from
tbe port of New York and has not sjnc,o
been within tho territorial Jurisdiction of
tho Unitod'BtiW On tho Ulst ,of Octo-
ner iaii, wiiuo uiiiif minor na sno uac
of tho United States in the high
seas, sho was forcibly solxod by tb Span
ish gunboat Tornado and carried into tho
port of Santiago de Cuba. Many of her
pussongors and crew worn inliuinanly,end.
so rar at mast as roiaieu luinoso wiio were
cltir.ons of the Unitod Statos, were
without nua raocass or law,
put to death.
It Is a well established principle assert 1
by the United States from tho bogiuning
of our national jitdependaae, recegnized
by (J rest ftritain and other maratlh and
stated by thesnnate in, a resolution passed
unanimously on the 18tb of June, 1809,
that American vessels on the high seas in
time of peace bearing the American flag
remain under the jurisdiction of the coun
try of which I her belong, and there-
on tho part of a foreign
power is tb Indication of theadverslgnty
of tho United SUUf. lnacootdaao with
this principle the N.UoraUori-of tho VJfw'
ginlus, and the survivor of her passenger.
and the punlslnuesilyf.fc'ulhurills wbY
bad boon guilty of tho Illegal ucti of vio
lence, were demanded. . The Spanish gov
ernment bas recognized tho justico of the
demand, and bas arranged fur tho imme
diate dolivorery of tbo vessel, and for tho
surrender of the survivors of tho passen
gers and crow, and for asaluto t,o the Hag,
ana for proceedings iooUngi to puuiio
punishment of those who may be proved
to havo boon guilty of illegal acts of vio
lonco toward citUons of tho Unitod
States; and also, to Indeiuulfy thou who
may. Id shown lp bo onllilod lb IpoVHtinity.
-a cupy oi iuq proiucai UI m cuuiurvui-n uu-
twoen the secretary of stato and the
Spanish minister, in which the teims of
llila arrangement were agtoad, istrans
mltted herewith. Tho correspondence on
this subject, with tho legation with tbo
United Stales in cipher nnd by cnblo,
needs the verification of the actual text
of the correspondence. It has seamed to
in to be duo, to tho importance of the cue,
not to' summit this correspondence until
an accurato tort can bo receivod by mall,
which is expected soon, and will be sub
mitted when recolvod. In taking caro of
this subject for tho proaent, I wish to re
new tho expression of my conviction that
.tbo axlatanoa of , , r. & it "
Is tM Mincinla ratuo of. th lasnarilkbl
conauion oi tnai island. lao not aoum
that Congress ahures with mo in tbo bopo
that it aoon will bo made to disappeared
that pooco and prosperity may tollow its
abolition. The cmbarging of Amorican
estates in Cuba and cruelty to American
citizens, detracted no act of hostility to
the -Spanish government. Tho murder
ing of prisoners taken with arms in their
hands, and finally the capture upon the
high 9hi of a vussol sailing under the
United States flag, and bearing a United
States register, terminated iu tin outburst
of indignation,- which sec mod for a timo to
tureaten war. rending negotiations bo-
twoen the. Unitod Statos aud iho govern
ment of Spain on the subject of 'this cap
ture, I havo authorized, the secretary of
tho navy to put our navy on war-footinc
to the extent at least of tho ontiro annual
appropriation fur that branch of service,
trusting to Congress and thn public opin
ion of the Amuri:au pooplo to justify my
action.
MITIIOl) or KLKCTINO rUISIPIKT.
Assuming from tho action of the last
Uongross iu appointing afoounitoo on
privileges and ejections, to prepare and
report to this Congress a constitutional
amendmont to provide a better method of
electing tno president and vice presiuent
or tne united states, anu also rrom neces
sity of such an amendment, that there
will be submitted to our stato logislatures
lor ratitlcation sucn an improvement in
our condition, I suggest two others for
your consideration:
First, to authoriso tho executive to ap
provo of so much of any measure, pass
ing the two houses of Cwngrosa, as his
judgment may dictate, without approv
ing tuo wnole, tne unapproved portion or
portions, to be subjected lo tho same rules
as now to be rsferrod back to tho houao
in which tbe measure or measures origin
ated; and if passed by two-thirds vote of
tb two... houses to become a law without
tho" approval of tho president. 1 would
add to this a provision that thero
should bo no legislation by Congress
duiina; iU lt lwuty-four hours, of, Us,,
n"VLsetUriu, except upon vetoes, in lorder, tu
Rgivo th eocutivo, an'.opjortunity,to.x
umino ana approve r unapprove unuor
standli.gly. Second to provido by amendment that
whon anoxtra asaaion of congross is con
veinod by executive proclamation,
legislation during th continuance of
auch extra session shall bo contlned to
such subjocts as the executives may bring
before it from time to time in writ-
Tho advantages to be gained by mess
two amendments are obvious. One ees
sion in each year is provided for by tho
constitution in which there aro no restric
tions aa to .the subjects of legislation by
congreesflf more are required it Is al
ways in tbo power oi congress uuring
their term of office to provid for sessions
at any time. The Drst or Ibese amend
ments would protect the public against
the many abussa and waste of public mon
ies which creep into appropriation bills,
and olner important measures passeu uur
ing tho expiring hours of congress, to
whioh due consideration cannot bo given.
TUBTHXAUUHT.
Tbo receipts of th government from all
sourues for the last fiscal year worn $333,
738,!Z01, and Itho expenditures on all 'ac
counts wor $290,3U,2tu,:this showing ah
excess oi receipts over expenditures ot
f 43.8W ,'JIO. Hut it is not probablo that
this favorablo exhibit will be shown ror
tho present fiscal year, lndoed it ia very
doubtiul, wholher, except with groat
economy on th part of Congress in
makine appropriations, and the same
economy in tb administration in minis
terini; tho various debts of the govern
ment, the revenues will not fall short of
meeting the annual expenses, including
interest on tbe national debt. 1 commond
to congress such economy, and point out
two sources whero it seems to me it might
commence, to-wit:
W1IKR TO XC0N0UI7.K.
in appropriations to pablic buildinga In
the many citiea where the work has not
been commenced ; in tne appropriations
for river and harbor improvement; in
those locality wnero ip ' improvements
nro of bttt'.llttle beoeflt to? general; com
rnrtineatloVi Thrn is still
1 will point out iattor in this mossage.
refere to the easy method of manufaclur
ing claims for losses Incurred in tho sosia
tlon or tuo late rebellion,
ruBuaauaniaas.
1 would not bo undorstood as opiiulsiiir
tho erectiou of good substantial buildings
by tne govenment, wu.-rover sucn build
ings aro noeded in fact,' 1 approve of tho
government owning its own buildings in
all sections of tho country, and hope tho
day Is not lar distant when it will not only
possess iiivm, nut erect in tne capital suit
able residences for all porsons who now
rocolvo compensation for quarters or rent
nt troverumont expense, and fur tho cabi
net; thereby aetting an example to the
states wblcn may induce tnnm to erect
buildings for their senators. Hut I would
have this work conducted at times whon
the revenues of th country would abund
antly Justify .' it., M Th revflnties
have raMoBJally".- fallen, off.
for tbe Uil flv inontbs.of th present
tlacal year from what thewJrb'oxpectod
to produce,owing to tho general panic now
prevailing which rommoncod about tho
middle of September last.
Tbe full elfect of this disaster, if it
should net prove toa blessing in dls
guiso, is yet to be demonstrated. Iu
either event it is your duty to heed tho
lesson and provide by wiso and well-considered
legislation as far as it lies in your
power against it recurrence, and to .lake
adf antago ot all bene! tl that may havo
occurred, My own. judgeiast is that
however much lndivlduls may have suf
fered, on loog stsp has been laken .to
wards spi'd payment, that w can never
have permanent prosperity until the en
tire new basis is roachad, and a specie
basis cannot bo reached and maintained
until our exports, inclusive of gold, pay
fArww ioipmii.th Interest dueddt4?d
appreciable accumulation of 'thoso motals
In tho country from tbo products of our
mines. ,
I'llltCIOUS.MKTAui;
ki developmentof nafcies of pro-
cidM metals during the put voar and tbo
prospective devolopomeut of them for tho
year to come, aro gratifying iu tho ex
treme. If but ono-half the gold extracted
from our minus be retained at home, our
advance toward epeclo payments would
bo rap.d. To Increase our exports sillll
clent currency is required lo koop all tho
industries of ibe. country ompioyed; wun-
out tBU, national a woll as Individual
bankruptcy must ensue. Undue Inflation
oa tbe other hand, while it might givo
temporary relief, would only lead to in-
nation or prices, tu impossibility oi com
peting in our own markets for the pro
ducts of homo skill and labor and re
peated renewals of experiences and elas
ticity to our speculating modlum ; thote
fore, just enough (of It to transact; the le
gitimate business oi tbo country and to
keep all industries employed Is what is
most deslrod. Tho exact modium is
specie, tho recognized medium of ex
change tho world over ; that obtained, wo
shall aav a uurrency of an iaot degree
or elasticity ; it more bo too taucii or it
for the logitlmato purposes of trade and
commorcn It will (low out of the
country, if too little th roverso will ro
suit to bold what Wo havo and appreclato
our currenoy. That standard is a prob
lorn deserving of tbo moat serious consid
eration of Congrats, Tho experience of
the presont panic has shown that tho cur
rency of tho country, based as il ls oh tho
credit of tho country. Is th brst that has
eter bnen devised. A Usqally Jn., times of
such trials' turreUcy.Des became Moruiioat,
or so irhich depreciated in value as to in
flate the values of all tbe neccaaaries of
life as compared, with tbo currency, and
overy one holding ithibn anxfouf to;
dlspftasvbrlt on any terms. How wo wit
ness tho reverse. Holders of currency
hoard It'iis they did gold' In former expe
riences of a llo nature,, It is patent to
the most casual observer that much more
currency or monav is ronulred to transact
tho legitimate trad of th bountry during
tho fall and' winter when the vast crops
are being removed, than during the bal
ance or ine year, wun our present
system tho amount In tho country remains
the same throughout tho year, resulting in
tb accumulation of all tho surplus capi-
talbMh country wham not em ployed in"
tho mdvlne of crops, and temp
tad there by offers loans. Ileing
paid, this -(surplus eipital' 'mint
earn this interest, l'aid with a profit
beiug subject to call, it cailnot bo
loaned only iu part, at best, to the.
merchant or manufacturer fur n fixed
term. Jlenco no mattor how much cur
rency thero may bo iu tho country, it
would bo absorbed, prices, keeping
pace with the volume, nnd panics,
stringency ami disasters would ever be
occuring, with tho elasticity iu our
money Bystcm. There is tho object to
be obtained first ; and next as fur as
possible, n prevention of tho use of
monoy in stocks and other species of
speculation. To prevent tho latter it
seems to me, that one great step would
be taken by prohibiting the uutional
banks fiom paying iutercat on deposits,
by requiring them to hold reserves in
their own vaults, aud by forcing them
into resumption, though it wou.d bo
only in legal tonder uotes. 1'orthis
-TmrOB3 1 vuuld wutfguMt ilia orttuMuli-
incnt oi clearing houses lor yur con
sideration. To fcccure tho former many
plans havo been suggested, most of
which look to mc liku inflation on one
hand or compelling the government
otthootlicr to pay interest witliout
corresponding benefits upon tho surplus
runds ol the country during tnc seasons
when othcrwisd unimploydd. i jiubmit
for your consideration whether this
difficulty might iiot bo overcome' 'by
authorizing tio, pecretary of tho treas
ury to issue nt auy timo" nominal banks
of issue, any nmount of their notes be
low a first percentage of their , issue,
say forty per cent upon the banks
i. -.1- .1.- .1. .1.-
ucposiung Wlin mc ircanury ui wu
United btates, an amount ot govern
ment bonds equal to tho amount- of
notes demanded of the banks to forfeit
to tho government, say four per cent
on tho interest accruing on tuo .bonds
pledged, during tho timo thoy roinnm
with tho treasury aH security for' in-
crcaso ot circulation. i.he bonds so
nlcdgcd to be redeemable by the banks
at their pleasure cither in wholo'or in
part, ny roiuriuug uiuir owu pins jor
collection to an amount equal to tho
faco of the bonds withdrawn.
I would further nugest 'for your
consideration tho propriety'of authoriz
ing tho national banka to diminish their
standing issuo at ploarort), by return
ing for collection their own"bills and
witlidrawing bo inanyUnitcd-Statcs
bonds as nro pledged for tho( bills re
turned. In view of tho 'great actual
contraction that has takcn'place in tho
currcriey'.and'the comp arativo contrdo
tion constantly going on, duo to tho in
crease of speculation, iuercafo of manu
facturers hmVall 'the industrieV, 1 db'
not bclcivo there is too xnuchot, it lor
tho dullest period of tho yeaf. Indeed if
oloaring houses Khould bo cHtutniPiieu
lIltlN f itratitir rmlnmndnti if iu n iifAJ.
tion to bo considered whether banking
should not be mado free, rottuning all
safe guards now required to secure bill
holders in any inouiucation ol tho pros
cut laws regulating national bauks aud
a further step towards paying for the
resumption of spcoio payment; I in
vito your attention to tho consideration
of the propriety of exacting 1oiu (1mm
tho retention as a' part of their rchorvo,
cither ii whole or a part of tho gold in
terest accuring upou.tho bond pfodgotl
as security for their issue. I havo not
reflected enough on tho .bearing this
might havo in producing' a scarcity of
coin with which to pay duties on jpj
ports, to givo it my positive recom
mendation, but your attention is" invi
ted to the ubject. Dutiug the last
four vears tho currency has been con
trioled directly by tho withdrawal of
three per cent compound intorest. notes
and government bonds outstanding on
tho 4th of March, 1800, all of, which
took tho placo of legal tenders in tho
batik reserves to the amount of sixty
throe milliou dollars. During th
same period thcro has been , n much
larger comparative contraction" of tho
curronoy, the population of tho cquiitry
has largely increased; more iliatf 25,0t)0
milos ofrtilroad havo been built;roquir
ing the notivo uso of capital 'io oporato
tlieiu; millions of acre of land havu
Leon opoucd to cultivation, requiring
capital to movo the products; mannfac
inrr lmvn multinlicd bovond nil pre-
jccdont iu tho sauio pcriod of timo ro-
m ma nn vtiifttir.
of wages nnd for tho'purohaso -of mn-'
lnrif1 I.. 1.1.. it. I . " 11
couipairtfvefcjitractions nrising frdin
tho orgauMtitif froo labor in tho
south. NoWWvoryjlaborjVr thcro reeciVcs
his wagon'tndv.for waht of laviugH
oaiiKs mo great part-! Hucli wages is
carried in tho pocket or hoarded until
required for uso. These Hiicgestions
aro thrown out for your consideration,
wiinoui auy recommendation that they
shall bo adopted literally, but
hoping that the best method may bo
arrived at to sccuro such
elasticity of tbe currency as will keep am
plo)ud all tho fadustritM of tho country
and prevent such an inflation as will put
olf indefinitely the
UKSUMFTION 6F tl-KClB l'ATUEKT,
an abject devotedly to bo wished for by all,
and by none mure earnestly than that
class of pooplo moat directly Interested
thoso .who earn their bread by tbo sweat
of their broW. The decision of Congrdsa
on this subjact will have tbe hearty sup
port ui ins executive.
In prevldus messages I havo called at
tention to the, decline in American ship
uuuaing ana recommended sucu legisla
tion as would secure to u our proportion
of the carrying trade, stimulated by high
rates and abundance of freight. The
progress iu ship building for the Inst year
bas been very satisfactory. Theru has
been an increase of about three pur cent,
iu tbo amount transported- In American
vossels over lust year, with tbo
reduced cost of matorlal, which bas
taken place, it may reasonably
lie hoped ihlscbaryii would bo maintained
end over increased. Ilowevor, as w pay
about J 8 0,000, WO per annum to foreign
.Vessels for tbe transportation of our sur
plus products to a markot thus Increased,
tno balance ol traao is acalnsl us to tins
nmount. Tho subject is on worthy of
your sorlouslconsidorntlon. Cheap trans
portation is a subject that has attracted
tno attention or, both producers und con
sinners for thn past few yars, and bns
contributed to, if it bas not boon the di
rect cause of tho recent panic and strip,
goncy; and congress at tulast session t
pointed a special committee to Investigate
tins wnoio subject duringtbo vacation and
report at this sslon, i hauo nothing to
recommend until the report is. reidy.
There is one work, hownyor, of a national
character, in which tho greater portion ot
tbo east and. wait and north aud, south
aro equally interested, to wllishl will in
vito your nttontion.
Tho itato M 2fsw York' has a canal,
connecting ,kt Krio with tide water
on the Hudson river. Thn stato
of Illinois .has similar connecting
Lake. Michigan with tho'navig'ablo waters
or thO'llllnois .rivor, thus luaklnt; water
. ! t I 1 . 1 ft.... . I - .
i liiiuiuuicu.iuu iiuaiiu UDtwortl mn J-ni.,
YYoit and South. 'These great artificial
water courses arc tbo property of tbe state
through which they pais, and pay, toll V
those states. Wodld It not be a' wise
statement to pldee these states that if
thny will open thoso ctnals for the passage
or large vessels, the government will look
after and keep iu a navigable condition
tbo great' public highway with hioh
they connect, lo-wit: Thn overslaugh on
the Hudson, tb St. Clair's flats and tho
Illinois and Mississippi rivers. This
would be a national work one ef great
value to the producer of the VrVst and
South In giving them cheap transportation
for tbnir produce to tho seaboard, and a
market to the consumers in the Kast in
giving thorn cheaper dollvery of those ar
ticlos . of food which do not
tlnd foreign innrlcet, ihnd prle,
which therefore, aro not rozulnlod
by foreign dumand. Tha advantages of
such a work are ton obvious for argument.
I submit this subject to you, theroforo.
without further comment.
In attempting to retrain our lost com
meree and carrying trado, I havo hereto.
foro called attention to states south of the
United States as offering a Held whero
much miitht he accomplished to further
this object. 1 suggest that a small appro
priation be mado accompanied with
authority for tho secretary of tbo navy lo
nt out a naval vsssul to
ASCE.NU THBAMAZ05 K1VBU
from the mouth of the Maderia, thenco to
explore that river to Its tributaries, into
liolivia, and to report to Congross at its
next session, or as soon as practicable, in
accessibility of tbe country by water, its
resources and too population so roacned
Such an exploration will cost but little, it
can do no harm and may result in estab
lishloc a trado of value to both
nations. In furthor connection with th
treasury department, I would recommend
a rovlsion and codiUcatlon of tbo taritT
laws, nnd
THE OI'KMIXO OT MOHE MINTS
for coining money, with authority to coi
I for such nations at inuy apply.
TUB WAU DEI AKTm EST,
Tho attention of Congress is inltei to th
recommendatione In tho report of tho sec.
rotary of war, herewith submitted. Tbo
apparent ureal coal of supporting tb
academy, as fully oxplained in tho report,
will rocolvo your attention. While in
vitine your i:reat nttontion to all tho com
mendatinnshy the secretary of war, thero
are two wiilch l eeimclally invito you to
consiuor. rirsi, me importance ui pre
parlnu for war in time ot peace by pro.
.viding proper armament for our see coast
defense. I'ropor armament Is of vastly.
.more importance man lortiacations. aih
latter, can bo supplied very sptel
lly , for temporary purposo when
needed. Tho former can not
The sooond ia tho necessity of reopening
n.nmAltAii In I hit tall tfrrm nf thn aPtTlV.
I'artlcularly is this necessity felt In
the tnedieal and ordnance departments
At Ibis limn it ! o suinlny con
tract surgeons to supply tho necessary
mimical aiiouuon .roqiuroa uy iu army.
wun tne present torco or the pay depart.
inemii is nowuuncult to makothe paymon
lo troops provided by law. jng delay
in payments are productive of desortlon
and demoralization, and the law prohibits
tho payment of troops by'.nther than rjig-
uiar army paymasters, micro aro now
sixteen vacancies in th ordnanco doptiit
ment, thm lo.vng thtr branph of the
service without lutficloht officers to con
duct the business of, tbo4 different arsenals
on a large scaio ir evp necessary.
tuk navl nxrXTHr.MT.
During tho past year the navy has been
rodicou ny mo ie or som vossels no
longer' fit for naval purposes, and by tbe
recommendation of others not yet
uispuseu oi. -i nia uowover has been
mqro than compensated for by tho
repair of six of tho old wooden ships, and
by the building of eight now sloops of
war, authorized uy m last congross, (the
building of these latter had appeared at a
doubly forttinato time). They are about
being completed, when they will possibly
bsj much needod and th work upon them
haa nut only given employment to thous
ands of men, but has no doubt been tho
means of kocping opea ,ey(abishwo"ts
for otbpr works at tho timo of the" grout
financial distress. Since (h.romtnence
ment of last month, however, tho distress
ing occurrence which have taken place in
tho water;if tha'Csrribean ses. almost on
our very sea-hoard, whilo limy illustrate
most forcibly tho necessity always exist
ing, that a nation situated as ours lehould
maintain in n stato of efficiency, a navy,
adequateto .it rpspoisiijllltT. ns .at m
same time dotnrmlned that all
th effective force, w,ot irajy
have shall be put in Immediate readiness
for wartlike sviri. This -has. been and
.u i.nini dnae. iironiptly and effectually
and 1 am assurod that all the aval
ships and ovory Rutliorlzol man of Hit
American navy will bo ready fur what
ever action is required for tho safety of
our cities or the iiminiunanco ol our na
tional honor. This course will render
tbo expenditure In a short lima of sumo of
tho appropriations which were calculated
to last through tho tlacal yosr. Hut Con
gress will, 1 uuubl not, understand and
pprrcialo the eiuergoiiuy, und will pro.
mo adequately, noiuniyior inu present
preparations, but for th ruluro m iiin te
nancy pf pur naval ifor, Tbe secretary
of tho navy has during thn past year been
quietly putting some of our most oxten
slvo monitors in readiness for servl:e, and
this exigency finds us In a much butter
condition for work than w could possibly
have boeu without his action.
tub roaT-umce um-ARumr.
A complete exhibit of tho repoit pre
sented by tbo postmaster general of tho
operation of tho poiV-omca department
during tho year. Th ordinary postal
revenues for the fiscal year ended June
30, 1873, amounted to 'J,!iU',74,15) and "
the expenditures or all kinds xjivu,'-"V
507. Th increase of ruvtnuua since 187'J
was $10t),iyi,r,V. and tb inereai in ex
penditures (-J!,i07,33. Independent of
payment made from special appointments
for mail steamship lino. Amount drawn
from general treasury to meet deflclehcio
wai $1,205,475. The constant and rapid
extension of our postal sorvlce, particu
larly upon railroads, ana tuo imparea ia
cililios for th collections, transmission,
distribution and delivery of malls, which
are constantly being proviaoo.
account- for ' the Increase of
expenditures of this popular braneh of
publio service. '1 lie tiuimiir ol poai-oi-ficos
in opuretlon Juno 30, 1873. was 33,
24 )a net increase of 1,881 overthenum
borreported the preceding year. Tbe
number of presidential' officers ws l,3ti,
an Inereaao of 1C3 during th year. Tb
total loogth of J.be railroad mail route at
tb clow of the year was 0,345,770, an ia.
cress 6,600 miles during tho year 187 "J.
Kirty-nlno railroad poii-onico nnos were
in operation on the 30tb of Juno, 1874, ex
tending over M.cbo nine oi raiirosa
routes, and performing an aggregate ser
vice of Cl,u;r milM, The number or Ut
ters xi:hani!d with foreign countries wu
27,45'J,1HB, nn increase of 3,t90,C76 ovr
tb previous year ; the postage amounted
to 2,0I1,3I0 BO. Total wlght of eorrec-
ponuoncu axcoangea in mans witn r.urupu
exceeded !12 tons, an increase of 02 tons
oyer that of previous year. The total,
cost of Unitod Statos ocean mail steam
ship service, including $735,000 paid from
special appropriation to subsidized lines
of mall steamers, was f 104,127.135. ftew
or additional postal connections, bave
been concluded with .Sweden, Norway,
1 1 t .. , 1 1 f ! ,i, rit.n fana,l& .ml .lan.h
roducini: the postal rate on eorreipou-
dnncn nxchangod between these countries.
Ineffectual elforts bave been mado to con
clude a satisfactory consideration with
lT.ut,i. lull wlllinnt AtlrrMft- T Invlln llin
fTnrl,l consideration of Con iff CSS to tho
i .. J . , ! . . l.
nfTinm ilAllvMrv awitftm In all rltll.1 not IASS
than ten thousand.
tub ratrATUKXT rotrioi
nti t aBna naM sm nil har nriniail tn IIIA
. 1 f J At
limit of woiubt of miscellaneous matte
for adjusting oompenaation of all post
inaiinrs anneinioa dt ins Dreiiaunt.
tnu am ir.uinn.1 in rnmrniiiinci ur iciu
f, a.,,.1.1 w ,l,n ..linn . w r r, 14. nn I
, 1 1 1 , i ui v niui,iu rv. uil i ,ni. l.l
I" - - "
i b i ri p.itwi 1, rnn.inAr.imn nr i
postal telegraph, and thn arguments
.i i- . . i r I .. . v. - t .,
you may take such action in considered
therewith as in your judgment will m
contribute to th bast interests of t
country.
AVFAIM IB UTAH,
The department of Justle in tbaff
l I T. I l , I ,
isntion. Anesupiemecourioi me unit
States in the case of Clinton vs. hog
1 1 r mc 1 1 . , , i 1 1 1 rM i ,un iu. uniiMi n i
inannii ni iiitK mrruorr cuuui n ni ,
. i a . i . , . . , l .
fullr aumtnon lurors for district cuu
All procoodlng at law are, practice
abolishediby those decisions, and th
bavo keen but few or no jury trials in
district courts of that territory since
last siiion of eongress. Property is '
without protection by th courts,
frimni ra unnunlsban. TO nravant i
rio thoie, it is absolutely no:iaary I
Con ur ess provid th court
some mode of obtaining jurors. I rec
mantt Im.iilation to that end. elan nro'
court of tho territory do now assumi
issue writs or injunction ana nabeas
pus, and to lay criminal cases and inq
none as to land lilies be uenica an 1
. !,,!
ill nisi. (iit.rrriiiLHiii. A u.in uri'niii
. . . I. . . T 1 1
pressed with the belief that lb ac
proved March '22, 18S7, ntltled "An
productive of more evil than good al
time. Many considerations rnlgh
urged for its total repeal, but if this 1
considered alvlaabln. I think it wil
bo sorlously questioned that
portions of said act prov
for what is called involuntary bank
i.nnnr,U In tnp..i,n financial embe
ment of the country, uareiui anu (
debt in th transaction of business
though they may possess araplo pro
If it could bo made available for tba
pose and moot all liabilities, and J
account of the oxtrrdinary scare
mniiAi' tlmv mav Iia iintxliln tn mf
opiigations as inoy peeom;Uue, in '
quonce of which tbey are, liable to bi
tratod in business proceedings. Jn
ruptcv; at the instanco of unrell
vreuituri, iiouuin aro nut u dmiit ai.
. ; i . . . i . ii i
as to money matter that the mere f
or a petition In bankruptcy by
rolentinir creditor will embarrasi'
oftentimes accomplish the fltl
uiu of a respODiible bi
near those who etborwise might '
lawful and just arrangments to !
inewseives irom aimcumes proui
by th present strmgoucy in mon,
presented with this constant exp
nf atiarb an.1 rlUannttilniAnt liv 111'
tnc acalnst those in bankruptcy,
------ --, - ---,.,.- - j I
sioo, mo law is made use or in man
by obdurate creditor to frighttc
priorco aoiors into a corapuanc
their wishes and into acts of Injus!
othor creditors and ,to themselvos.
oiuuii'ilu luas so uiuuu in viiiii nui i.
roieaioii,
CLAIMS,
... r .
Your careful attention Is invited
suljocl of olaipil and tho!facili(los
by'oxisllnr laws for their pros"
in eacn or mo neparimeibi
mm ii.ih irpii irf Bill, war iikvh u.
iur inanr iiiiiiioue vi uiuiaia iipuie
1 1 , ! . . .. . .1 ..1 1
Ulna ami tlmif m vanidlv arjutll1'
to. inese may .eoaouuu in use no
Ing before Congress. These aro j'
pally southern claims nd oomr
making in the aggregate an i C f
sum. Most of these grow out. oil,
hellion and are intended to Jnc :
nrsons, on uoin siuos, lor iuit
thn war : and not a fewof thf in ar
rated and supported by false tea!'
I'rojecis are on rooi h is
(Concluded on fourth Tagfj
