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KNOXVILLE WEEKLY CHRONICLE, WEDNESDAY, JULY 0, 1870. KT7IL.li: Jta TABWATER, ' PUBLISHERS. OFFICE: BROWNLOW'S OLD STAND, Knlrnncr on (i.VY NTltl'.l'r. r.notMclr. Uttwcen-Maltfnnd Hill ttrcots. ti'.kjih or .si'n.scnii'Tio.Y. One copy, cno ytar,.. Ono copy, tlx month? Ten copies, ono year 1 00 17 50 Twenty copies, tine year, 30 CO Tifty copies, ono year 02 fO "WEDNESDAY, JULY 0, 1870. WANTED. Four gentlemen of popularity, with clear record.-, to champion a defunct party in tho coming jutlicinl election. Apply to the President of the Dcmociatlc Convention on Monday. No reference required. THE COUNTY JUDGESHIP. Strumous eliorts have heen made by our Democratic friends, In the lust two or three day, toinduce Senator Luttrell totake the nice for County Judge on their ticket. It is said that he positively decline.. Who next, gentlemen? Are the claims of Judge Lewis and Mr. King to be ignored? A WHITE MAN'S PARTY. A "White Man's Barbecue" is announc ed to come otfat Richmond, Kentucky, on the 5th inst. The poster announcing the grand occasion, cloaca as follows : "The ex igencies of the present demnlul the united energies of every true patriot in the land ! Then rally, white men ! rally, white wo men ! ! rally, everybody who loves a white man's government ! ! !" Give us tile Ken tucky Democracy yet. Jf they are not pro gressive, they are honest enough to avow their real sentiments. AFFAIRS IN KENTUCKY. We learn from the Louisville Commer cial that a party of twenty-eight men at tacked six. jail guards at Whitley C. H a few nights since, and attempted to release a murderer by the name of John W. Ow ens. A fierce conflict ensued, resulting in the repuKe of the assailants, several of whom were wounded one mortally and three dangerously. Two of the guards were wounded, but not dangerously. Nino of the lawless band have been arrested, and the names of the whole party aro known, and will probably le arrested noon. Before engaging in this lawless act, the participants bound themselves together with fearful oaths. The corrcsjioutlent of the Itommereial states that the oath-bound marauders were all Democrats, while the. guards were all Republicans. Owens is a Democrat, and is in jail for murdering a Democrat. GRADED AND MIXED SCHOOLS. We have read with profit and pleasure, a series of articles in one of our contempo raries on graded schools. We hope the gentleman will continue hi articles, and that they mny awaken m this communitv the interest which the question merits, We are a linn believer in the great bene Jits certain to result from a svstem of free schools. We believe in a system of graded and mixed schools. We have had good opportunities, wo think, for observing the merits of both systems, and our experience and observation both lead us to conclude in favor of mixed schools for children from the ages of say six or eight to fourteen Roys always need restraint, and we know nothing so well calculated to restrain their, noisterous uniuuio disposition us rivalry or as-oelatlon with girls in the recitation room. Their sense of pride, their respect for the good opinion, and their desire to grade equally with the girls, is often i greater incentive than any which a sepa rate school offers. There are objections to bothrkinds of schools, but we do not think in this class of schools that the objections outweigh or outnumber the advantages, In one of the best graded schools In the State of Ohio, a pjan Mas adopted In one of the lower departments of dividing the scholars according to the sex. In all other departments the fccholars were taught to gether. So far back as we can recollect. the department in which thu sexes were separated was always tho hardest discip lined.andthescholarsgraded lower In their ntudles. Tho school furnished as good a test as we want to sec.and it has ever since been our opinion tnat, for scholars under four teen, or even sixteen, the mixed school where boys and girls study and recite to gether was much the best. Rut wo do not now Insist upon any par ticwar class of schools. We are willing to taki most anything In tho shape of free schools, for we know and feel the great .need of them. If our people could but realize what a great drawback it is upon the htate, they would not rest until they secured them. Wo think it capable of demonstration that there is more money spent Hero by a lew families In educating their children than It would require to give a good education to every child in the , y. (Jen. Sheridan has returned to Chicago, from his lour among tho Indians, having heen absent since tho 3d day of May. Du ring Ids trip, lie traveled over 5,000 miles withort being molested by Indians. ONI WAY 10 MAKE A CITY. Thtrc is nothing that adds permanent wealth ami general prosperity to a com munity ho certainly as manufacturing. Knoxvlllo has n large and extended tcrrl to'r.y tributary to it, that furnishes to our merchants and produce dealers u profitable business. Heretofore wo have had com paratively a monopoly of this trade. Rut as neighboring towns grow in size nnd in crease In number, they one by one cutoff our territory and decrease at least our retail trade. "We need not then expect from this direction alono an increasing source of in come. "We must, therefore, look to other sources for the Increase in population and wealth we all covet and expect. We have manufacturing facilities which, if properly advertised and directed, will bring us capital and labor. So far os natu ral resources and advantages are concerned, we need not complain. Rut we need arti ficial aids which are absolutely essential to our success as a manufacturing com munity, and these aids we can only have through proper ell'ort. One of the principal of these aids is low freights. Our people complain of the man agers of our railroads that they discrimin ate against our business men and manufac turers In the price of freights. If tills is so, it Is only what every community with but ouc lino of road Ctycricnces, Wc think it capable of demonstration that it would be to the interest of our railroads to transport freights for our manufacturers andshlppers at absolute cost, for in a few years they would be more than recompensed by the large additional freights, and by the in creased local travel, and by tho thousand other advantages certain to flow from an increased, large nnd wealthy population. Rut if sucli reasons do not bring low freights, there is a remedy that surely will. Competition in transporting goods, as in everything else, brings cheap freights, and we can have this if we make the effort. We can have our unfinished roads to Cin cinnati and Charleston completed, if we will sec to it. One of these roads would have been completed long ago, if our peo ple had watched their interests and proper ly directed the means appropriated to it. Rut we can yet secure its completion, and we must do this before wc can hope to con trol freights. Tf we have two routes from New York or Cincinnati or Louisville, over which wo can ship or receive freights, we can choose then between them and get the benefits of low tarilfs. This is., one of the aids we can secure if we will. One other very important aid necessary to secure us manufacturing skill and capi tal is liberality and co-operation on the part of our people. There are stranger coming to our city nearly every day. They aro pleased wltii the thrift am general appearance of our city. They have capital and mechanical skill, erhaps, which they are willing to give us. Rut they go about our streets and sometimes by chance they fall in with some clever, Interested citizen, who makes it his business to show them about and present the advantages we offer. Where ...... i . a . . .. i one is loriunaic cnougn ro nnu such an enterprising citizen, many go away gener ally pleased with our city and people, hut not specially impressed with the fact that tve want them lure and are witling to co operate with them in any enterprise they may have in contemplation. We ought to have a place here where such men can feel free to go and where they will meet and interchange views with our people. We have a Roard of Trade room that will answer for such a place, but have we men who interest themselves enough in tills direction to look after strangers and afford them an opportunity of meeting our people and learning their feelings? Rut says some old croaker, " If they want to come here, or have money to Invest, they will find out for themselves all they want to know, and they probably wouldn't care to ho bothered with us." But there are many men traveling about without any definite idea in view, seeking some profita ble investment or some pleasant, healthful home. Would it not be wise to make all who como feel that we want more money and people, ami have some inducements to offer? A man who sells goods or wares advertises histock aid makes known his advantages and prices. So it is with towns and cities thatgrow and piocr. Through tho cordial greeting, welt known llbcruliOj MiilpubUn enterprise of their citizens, thev advertise their attractions, and thousands arc induced to sottlcand contribute of their money and labor to their growth and wealth. We met, but a few days ago, in a neighboring city, men located there whom wo had seen about our city, studying Its prosjcets.aiid advantages. They had not lR'on Impressed with the fact that we want ed any more citizens or offered any Induce ment to strangers to locate. They found, however, in their present home a people wno minted them up. tookLt hem about. ami persuaded them that It 'would be to their interest to locate. Wo may not, by such efforts, come across u. Ward oru Wii- dcr, but wo may, by a little effort, persuade live, ten or fifty, in tho course of few months, to settle with and become a nart of us. Each one has his friends who are certain sooner or later to follow, and so by healthy growth wo Increase tin numbers and wealth. These efforts can easilv bo made and can do no harm. It is one very well tested and certain method of building up a city. THE GOVERNMENT AND EAST TENNESSEE RAILROADS. Tho report of tho House Judiciary Com mittee, through its Chairman, Gen. Ren). P. Rutlcr, on tho "indebtedness of certain Southern- railroads' treats tho claims of our Tennessee roads against .theTJnitcd States Government with ii candor find libe rality highly encouraging to1 our roads, and very creditable to tho Committee. The report, after reciting the history of the seizure of the railroads in.lSGa byjplenernl Rumslde, and the amount and character of property transferred at that time, passes to the terms upon which the road bed and rolling stock were surrendered to tho com panies In 18(i5. It then recites the amount of the indebtedness of the roads tho East Tennessee and Virginia Road, $25o,545.n;i, and tho East Tennessee and Georgia Road, $307,422.3.5. To secure this indebtedness, the military authorities of tho Government required the officers of the roads to exe cute a bond, the penalties of which were very rigorous, mid, as wc think, very harsh. Ono of these provisions was, that in case the roads failed to pay tho sum named at the time specified three yours from date the Government should have tho right to enter upon and take possession of the roads and rolling stock. The bonds were executed by the officers of the roads under a species of duress, and when they wero led to believe that the Government would favorably en tertain tho claims which it was known they would present, and which, by the very terms of the bonds, were in effect waived. Upon this point, Mr. Rutler, in his re port, says : " Your committee huvo not intended to ex Ijross tiny opinion as to tho merits of tho litiga tion now pending between fliC'o roads nnd tho Government, but they nro improved with tho consideration that there may uo doubts about tho validity of the bond necupte'd by tho roads in the mnnnor that was done, and under tho ap parent form, of corruption used ; nnd thev can not fail to huliovo that thero mav bo equities in favor of tho roads, or of stockholders therein, which are entitled to bo considered." And in speaking of the testimony of (Jen. Meigs, wherein he expresses the opinion that the Government would not get much money from them hut that the muds would be treated liberally, Gen. Rut ler says : " If an ofiitvr of tho Government, at tho timo ho was executing tho bonds made tho explana tions and held tho views which seem to have poessedi Gen. .Meigs ; and as ho says ho did not refrain from frankly expressing such views, talking with tho otlicors of tho road, it may well ho imagined that the Company might have taken property, rolling and other stock, at a val uation much enhanced from the actual price, and that tho appraisers might have been quite careless in the valuation affixed to property, they being officers of tho Government, when their Chief behoved that tho property never was. to he paid for, and tho President of tho road, in signing the bonds, believed they never would be exacted." Tho report then reviews the answers pre pared in this city by tho counsel of our East Tennessee roads, and after fully no ticing the ilelences relied upon one of which was the illegality of tho bonds as above referred to and the refusal of Associ ate Justice Swuyne, sitting at Chambers in the city of Washington, last November, to grant the injunction or appoint a Re ceiver, as prayed for by tho government. The report says: "It will bo at onco seen that these defense! set lip equitable claims and legal haw to n recovery bv tho United States, which will give rise to very vlcorous and protracted it is an object worthy of consideration, how this may bo avoided or abridged, and jitatico done as well to tho roads us to the government." The report then concludes with recom mending tho passage of Rutler's bill, which, in effect, provides, that to avoid the expense and delay of litigation, tho Presi dent appoint three competent and disin terested citizens Commissioners, with pow er to summon witnesftw and take testimo ny, and with authority to determine all controversies and claims made and exist ing between tho railroad companies and the United States. They are, also, to take Into consideration the financial conditions of the roads, and recommend the terms of payment to be required in case any bnlanco is found due to the government. Tho re port of the Commissioners, when approved by the President, shall form the buis of settlement of said claims. Tiiis report of the committee shows, on the part of the Government, a spirit of liberality which we aro sure will ho aimro- i elated by tho oflicers of our, roads and the people interested. The Government is amply protccted'agalnst exorbitant claims and imposition, which some may think might be attempted by some of the roads, for It has exclusively the appointment of the Conim!ssioncrs,.and finally tho safe guard of tho President's approval. Dana, of tho New York Mm. wanted from President Grant an office worth about S80,(HX) a year, and in return promised him any service he might demand. The Prcsi dent refused the office, and ever since Dana has been pursuing the Administra tion with the vilest and most unfounded lies which a naturally mean heart could. inyom. JJcmocratio Journals copy hU abuse from the Sun, and credit It to a Re publican (?) paper. Tin: General Assembly propose estab lishing a Criminal Court for Knox county. If they would give thq Court exclusive jurisdiction to try their rascality and cor ruption, tho wholo time of tho Court would bo occupied. After giving Memphis ami Shelby coun ty as many Courts and Judges as a" of JCasl Tennessci, It is timo they wt.v look ing after the interests 61 this sec u. WHO DEFINES PARTY PRINCIPLES. Tho effort of tho Democratic Executive Committee of this county to- make the de clarations of Gov. Rrownlow a part of tho policy and platform of tho ' Republican party, makes It our duty to notice tho sub ject, and treat It as wo bcllevo our duty to tho party requires. , , Tho declaration to which we refer was contained in a letter published In the CitnoNici.K some weeks ago. It read as follows: "I would improvo rivers nnd harbors, nnd build railroads by the federal Government, without regard to any section East, West, iNorth or South. Noy, more, had I my way, I would so reconstruct tho Government of tho United States as to form n stroxo central ooveuxmun-t hero in tho District of Columbia, and orgnnizo tho States a so many colonial corporations, as absolutely dependent upon nnd subject to tho will of tho central power at Wash ington ns' nro counties to States. , "Thu I would wipe out nnd . extirpato tho wholo theory of Stntes rights and State sover eignty, to which wo aro mainly indebted for tho late rebellion. "While 1 only speaker myself, I believe that Congress nnd the country nrc looking in tho same direction." Political parties aro fairly bound by tho principles promulgated in their State and National conventions, and arc, to a certain extent, committed to support the policy of a President andCongrossof theirown choos ing, as declared through public message-! and legislation. Rut further than thi.s a party cannot with safety commit Itself. Every public man has a right to entertain his own opinions of public policy, and ad vocate his own theories of government. Ho does this upon his own responsibility and at his own peril. In due time his con stituents aro called upon to pass judgment upon liis record, and it is with them to en dorse or repudiate him. Rut that a politi cal party is to bo hold responsible for the sentiments of every ono of its prominent men in office Is contrary to custom and reason. Tho Governor of a State ami tho representatives of tli party in a legislative assembly are very properly looked upon as exponents of the policy and sentiments of their party in the State. The President and his Cabinet, and tho representatives of a party in Congress, are' supposed, through their legislation, to re present tho principles and policy of the party with which they aro identified. Rut that Senator Sumner's individual opinions upon the Alabama claims, or Senator Chandler's on our foreign policy, or Sena tor Rrownlow's upon our theory of gov ernment, can be said to represent the poli cy or sentiment of the Republican party, is simply unfair. They do not, either of them, claim to represent their 2arty upon these questions. Mr. Rrownlow states very frankly that "I only speak for my self," and it is therefore not just to him or to his party that an attempt should bo made to fasten upon the party, as part of ,its2oVcj or 2rinciplcH, the views thus pro claimed. Wc differ with tho Senator very widely upon this question. We do not agree with him that either Congress or the country are looking in tho same direction. On the contrary, we1 say that the wholo legislation of Congress upon the recon struction question relieves the party from any such charge. Thero is nothing in tho Chicago Platform of 1S0S, in the legislation of Congress, or in the policy of President Grant's Administration that commits tho Republican party to the novel proposition advanced by Senator Rrownlow. The relations of the States a States, in all 1... 1 !,.!...! ..e r. . uiL- ii-gisiuuuu m congress, nas, as wo believe, been respected and protected. The anomalous position assumed by tho people of the rebellious States has compelled Con gress to pass upon questions never befor presented in the history of its legislation; oui in an cases aiiectlng the rights of htates, wo believe its nets will bear tho test of judicial investigation. We see no war rant for the declaration that Congress or the Republican party which Is probably what, the Senator means by the country intends changing the theory of our Gov ernment by making the States colonial corporations. Tho relations of counties to htates is so different from that of the States to tho Federal Government that the com parison is hardly permissable. Wo do not understand Mr. Rrownlow as desiring to represent these views as part of uio poucy or the party; but as tho Demo cracy, in their llaming posters, refer to them as a part of tho principles of tho par ty, wo feel called upon, in so far as wo represent that party, to say that wo do not understand it its in any way committed to them. Mr. Rrownlow is well qualified to defend his peculiar views on this subject, and we daro say will do so at the proper umc, aim we oulyrerer to the matter now because the speakers at tho Mass Convon-1 tiou, to-morrow, will attempt to fasten i tneso doctrines upon the Republican par ty. Wc stand by tho principles of the party, us promulgated, but from those pri vate views of Senator Rrownlow we hero most respectfully, but decidedly, express our inssem. nut, in doing so, wo disclaim any intentions of questioning his motives or ills slncority. We do not agree with him upon this question, and bollovo now that the principles ho advocates are so brought before tho public as that wo are In duty bound to express our views upon thorn. As journalists, wo intond to occupy no equlvoo il position. We have our prin ciples, and will contend for them, no mat- . . : . . . ' tor who opposes. Th'-ro Wer. six cases of sunstroke In New York i u Wi i cs lay. SPECIMEN LEOISLATI0N. Senator Luttrclt's bill to provide a Crimi nal Court for Knox county, passed Its third reading In the Senate on Friday. The bill provides that tho Judge of the Court shall have a salary of $l,fi00, which shall bepaid' by a special tax vpon the people of Knox county. When wo remember that Shelby county has as many Judges and Courts its nil tho countlosofEastTonucssco'coinblned, and that Knox county Is taxed to help pay their salaries, or most of them at least, what shall wc say of nn Assembly which as so extremely generous as to give Knox county a Criminal Court provided the county bears the expenses. Extremely liberal! Wc Wonder what has softened the hard heart of this Immaculate body of Solons, that they are now willing that we should hove a Criminal Court upon such generous terms. . The Judge of this Court, it is provided, shall be allowed to practice law In all other Courts. His Court, under ordinary cir cumstances, can dispose of all tho criminal busines of the county, in three terms per year of two weeks each. That is, the Judge of this new Court shall have $1,800 for holding six weeks Court, with the privi lege reserved, of making as much more by practicing in other Courts as he can. Tills bill is to be put through for some pet of our Executive Committee. Surely this Is a very honest and wise As sembly! It fixes up some nice places for tho faithful, at tho expense of the people. Rut the people will have) a voice in this matter, and we shall then see what they say about this legislation. A CHRISTIAN CONVENTION. We invite the special attention of our readers to the call for n " Christian Con vention," which we publish elsewhere. While thero are, doubtless, cogent rea sons for denominations separate organi zationsamong Christians, there can bo none offered against a united and zealous organization of Christian ministers to fur ther the great -work of Christianity. In union thero is strength. In organization, and mutual support and counsel, there may bo much accomplished which otherwise might lie left undone. We most heartily ondorse the objects so tersely and forcibly expressed in tho call to which wo invito at tention. The gentleman signing the call are well known, zealous Christian minis ters, and we hope their convention may bo numerously attended and their efforts abundantly successful. Will the Press and Herald or liiy in form tho public who is responsible for ad vertising the "Grand Display of Fire works " as one of the chief attractions for the celebration of tho 4th of July? Tho public are very desirous of knowing who deserves credit for this demonstration of patriotism, and we hope the gentlemen will gratify it. Indian outrages aro becoming frequent on the plains. A recent dispatch locates a large number assembled at Medicine Row river, who were making warlike demon strations. Some of the Sioux are reported on the war path, and from the demeanor of Spotted Tall and Red Cloud while at Washington, wo aro not led to expect from them the exercise of a very salutary influence over their tribe. Wi: understand that tho friends of the rival aspirants for Attorney General's place on the Democratic ticket were, yesterday, trying to reconcile their claim-. There ought to be no trouble in deciding upon the victim. Martyrs in politics are not always even gratefully remembered. Se lect your man, gentlemen, and we will send him booming up Salt river. A special telegram from Raleigh, N. C, to tho Cunoxicp:, u Radical paper of tho mot ortho dox blackness of political idea?, furnishes tho following mild compliment to a brother-loyalist: " It has been rumored hero for tho last few days that tho infamous Kirk, lirownlow's minion, of T ennessce, has tendered his services to Governor Holdcn, to tako command of the Stnto troops nnd tho oiler has been accepted." Courier Journal. Tho above was republished In the oraan of tho Democracy for this city yesterday. Did not the Press and Herald know that It was false? Tho dispatch referred to came from the unterrlfiod Democratic As sociated Press Agent at Washington, who is in the habit of advertising his political sympathies through his dispatches. Our contemporary know this when it repub lished this article. It was not a special. Rut if wo suppress all dispatches that don't. suit us politically, how does it como this ono was published? Thero aro signs of a relaxation of the feud between tho regular Raptlsts and tho DI-clplos. At thoirstato convention In Ohio the." Disciples of Christ-' appointed a com mittee to bear friendly greetings to tho Baptist convention. The Journal and Messenger welcomes tho committee, while intimating that tho points of difference which relate especially to tho regenerating power of baptism, are of no small impor anec. It It said that Washington Irving drew SfjO.OOO from his lust publisher us his share of profits of ton years' sales of his works, " t'uf Ii;hg. his lifetime ho earned S2.j0. mh by his pen. It is estimated that hlr alter Scott cleared $.V)0,ooi) In twenty-six years. Dickens, it is said, left an estate ot S4.VJ,Ooo, and lie must have spent at leant hundred thousand dollars within t i i is; tw.nty y.-.trs. No other author over in ide so nun Ii money by his pen. J