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Bae wtle. .-·~o,s 001~~ OW grossly Inconsistent EDWARD THEISS we are! When, for the / sake of gaIn, a Missouri COPYRIG.M BY PE RSON PUB. CO. physician administered ty- - phoid germs to some of his relatives, thereby -. causing six or eight ill-. 4 nesses and one death, we stood aghast, called the physician a murderer, and apped him into prison for life. And t" - en, during the Spanish-American wa", Stwenty-five hundred of the boys i._ _,_, __' _'l! C(ý_.., Skhaki were needlessly slaughtered, I l ln of them by typhoid, we denounced D'//; / Scatbing terms those officials whose s ... " ses.sness and incompetency caused / oe tragedy. But we hear with abso- .-..' bte indifference the statement that :erly the pollution of our water . , aorces needlessly causes more than Styphold illnesses and 15.000 atht. We ay no heed to the fact ", Iht year after year in the United . '- --.. tastes seven times as many people are b I I IIPMF OPflW /F4C/ dlessly ill of typhoid fever as there P. ren ,. .e.7, 7 CC C1A lre soldiers wounded in the battle of Lawrene, Masc, a b m,. LAYf wF'. 4A'9or ettysburg, and three times as many Albany, Ny h o L pz0ons needlessly die from typhoid Blnhaton, . atro, N. aW "V. er as met death in that tragic strug- WatortowNy, -. _//7A f fO/4/Ic N \ Take Pittsburg, where, as we It is the old, old story of the mote da the beam. We do not see the enor pity of this terrible wrong, because we pe ourselves the authors of it. We are just a responsible for those 15,000 yearly deaths , our army officers were for the tragedies b our Spanish war camps. And our motive h just as mercenary as was that of the physi dan who gave typhoid germs to gain a her iege. For we, too, are actuated by financial eassons: we are unwilling to pay the price d water purification. So we continue to smite he rock of a polluted water supply and there pashes forth sewage. And when our children sk for water we give them poison. To be suitable-that is, to be potable and it for domestic use-water must be practi ally free from pathogenic germs, color, sedi sent, odor, taste and turbidity. Hardness ifakes laundering difficult. Iron spoils linen. Carbonic-acid gas turns water pipes brown. Algae make water taste bad. Water supplies Itfer widely as human beings, "Pure, whole some water," the term set forth in so many water contracts, is, then, wholly a relative term. Really pure water is a rare thing, be sase there hardly exists in nature water that does not contain some foreign ingredients. Not all of these are harmful, however, so that water that is fit to drink is as common as really pure water is rare. So that, generally speaking, the question of a good water supply i merely a question of being willing to spend the money necessary to obtain it. Hence tere ought to be no community in the United itates that does not have a plentiful supply srftnetlyv wbnhsnome water. 11ything but wholesome, however, is the of,:he water that all too often we 46iE D. 7 W. Shumway, reporting' 'tr conditions in Michigan, says in part: f the ninety-nine replies received, 79 per aret reported the water as good, 11 per cent As fair, and 10 per cent as of bad quality.. The replies from 124 localities indicate that i 48 per cent of these localities the public eater supplies are in danger of contamina tion." Dr. Q. O. Sutherland, discussing water coaditions in Wisconsin, says that in his state 'nearly every stream used for any kind of apply is contaminated to some extent by lewage." Health Commissioner G. A. Bading, speaking of Milwaukee's water supply, says Ihat most of the city's water comes from Lake ilihigan, but that there are still 5,000 wells S elstence, 91 per cent of which 'have been shown to be contaminated. Lake Michigan l the source of water for many other towns near it. One of te tributaries of Lake Michi ian is the Grand Calumet river. And here is That Health Commissioner W. A. Evans, of Chicago, leas to say of the Grand Calumet: "ihe greater part of the sewage from the buriness and residential districts (of Ham MonO, Ind.) empties into the Grand Calumet, Which, as it flows through Hammond, is al most unspeakably vile and putrescent. And Ihis stream empties into the lake only 3,000 feet from the waterworks intake." Dr. Ed Onrd Bartow, analyzing conditions in Illinois, Mys that "an examination of the untreated lhke water shows that unsatisfactory water is frequently delivered at Evanston, Lake For ti, Glencoe, North Chicago, Waukegan, Wil mette and Winnetka. . . And that the wa Ssupplies of all cities which use unfiltered ike water are shown to be impure at times." And this condition of the water supply may be taken as typical of the entire country. A lcy Considerable proportion of our drinking Water is absolutely unfit for human consump Criminal negligence is the sole and only Wiae of such a condition. We dig a cesspool W4a well in the same yard, and the contents 1 the one seep through the earth into the fier, We place a privy vault a few feet from ar well hole. and the rans wash the filth eanthe former into the latter. We defile the 'taUce of the ground so that every rainstorm Ial'ps the defilement into our streams.: Did IU ever stand at the edge of a barnyard and 'Itch the rain falling from the roof of the and pig pen to the manure piles below, lilly accumilating in pools of reddish black, 4 draining away into a nearby stream, and Soa into some one's drinking water? Or ye ou ever stood by a river bank and ehed a sewer belching forth its infinitely are harmful human corruption? The idea ~4idrnking such nauseating stuff is not pleas ,at; but that is exactly what millions of us Sdoing. Like the dog, we have turned to on vomit. For, to quote Theodore Hor Chief Engineer of the New York State B th Department, "We pump filth into a 1SU by one pipe, and by another pipe we ' t out again to drink." Ome give you some concrete instances o. our drinking water is defiled. In rural oerk inspectors from Ithaca found a or, Who patterning after Hercules' meth cleaning the Augean stables, had built directly over a large brook, which " away all his stable manure. This S l one of the sources of Ithaca'm wa Sthe valley of the Susquehanna there J.'.iJPPiY ict , C/7r W9/ji 6Oa00o 0VTfR . L '.,.cStSi.rJ!/CK'ie33 is a string of good-sized towns-Plymouth, Wilkes Barre, Wyoming, Blooms burg, Nanticoke, and others, all of which empty sewage into the river, and a number of which take their drinking water direct from the river. Wilkes-Barre does, and its pumping station is on an island in the river. When the stream overflows, as it does every spring, the pump well is flooded with the foul est of water-the roiled river flow containing suspended /, LA sewage and the reeking, sul- ,.i/OO7A,,~Pd4 phurous waste of coal mines. They make an effort to clean this pump-well. Perhaps they succeed and perhaps they do not. The, point is that the expenditure of a little money would protect the pumping sta tion from inundation. New York state has the same tale of pollu tion to tell. Albany, Cohoes, Dunkirk, Lock port, Niagara Falls, Ogdensburg, Oswego, Tonawanda, Watervliet, and other cities drink river water that is grossly polluted by the sewage of cities farther upstream. And I have seen dozens of photographs or filthy cow-sheds and barns, the drainage from which polluted the watershed for New York City. In Illinois fifteen towns north of Chicago empty sVwarp in'tn T~kake Mihivmn ondi .inn of them draw their drinking water back from the lake. And What is true, ofPennsylvania,, and' New "'and Illinois;, is also true of other states. Particularly is it true of the south. From the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Gulf to thg Lakes. our people are need lessly drinking polluted water. What is worse, water pollution is on the In crease. "With the rapid growth of our popu lation," says Alec H. Seymour, Secretary of the New York State Board of Health, in a re cent bulletin, "the defilement of our streams also increases. Some of our finest streams and lakes are being rendered unavailable for boating, bathing, fishing, and domestic use. They are of no value except as cesspools." Typhoid fever one cannot contract without taking into one's system germs that have been voided by a typhoid patient. These germs get into the body through the mouth, pass through the stomach into the intestines, and are carried through the body by the blood. They leave the body through the bowels and in the urine. Sometimes infection is carried by contact or through vegetables and milk; but the common channel of typhoid transmis sion is through our water supply. "In order that germs could find entrance into drinking water," to quote Dr. Howe again, "there must have been carelessness in caring for the body wastes of previous victims." And this care lessness, as we have seen, consists for the most part in allowing our water sources to be polluted with sewage. In consequence, typhoid, winter cholera, and diarrhoea are most prevalent along water courses used for both sewage disposal and water supply. Conversely the typhoid rate of any town continuously using a given water supply fairly represents the sanitory quality of that water supply. The truth of this will be seen by a com parison of the typhoid rates of towns using clean water with the rates of towns using polluted water. In Michigan, for instance, Allegan, a town of 2,795 population (in 1904) with a pure water supply, had, between 1889 and 1906, 32 cases of typhoid and 4 deaths. South Haven, a town of 2,767 inhabitants, with water drawn from Lake Michigan within 100 feet of a sewer outlet, had in the same period 245 cases and 24 deaths. Manistee, with 12,320 population and pure water from wells, had during these same years a typhoid rate of 15 per 100,000 population; whereas Menominee, with 10,666 population and polluted water from Green Bay, had a typhoid rate per 100,000 of 84. Hartford, Mich., with 1,246 population and impure well water, had, between 1889 and 1906, 24 typhoid cases and 7 deaths; whereas Montague, with 1,021 population and pure well water, had in the same period only 5 cases and 3 deaths. Again, Benton Harbor, with pure water from deep wells, had a death rate per 100,000 of 17.8; Grand Haven, with pure well water, a rate of 13.8; and St. Joseph, with pure lake water, a rate or 12.8; whereas the following New York towns using polluted river or lake water had for ten years-1899 to 1908-these typhoid rates: Lockport, 48.4; Oswego, 49.4; Ogdensburg, 54r6; Cohoes, 84.8; Niagara Falls, 132.9; and Pittsburg, using polluted river water, had a typhoid rate, from 1900 to 1907, that averages 127 per 100,000. Before the typhoid rate of cities that have been scourged with epidemics, the high ty phoid mortality of such cities as Pittsburg and Niagara Falls dwindles into insignificance. In Watertown 44 out of 582 cases were fatal; in Ithaca 82 out of 1,350; in Pittsburg 432 out of 5,265. In plymouth 114 out of 1,104 per pr"/ROUQA M/CROCCOPOC sons died; in Lowell 132 out of 550; in Lawrence 34 out of 141. Of 514 cases in New Haven 73 resulted fatally. Butler had 56 deaths and 1,270 cases. In Scranton there were 111 deaths and 1,115 cases; in Cleveland fl'fLL COiTA//N/H .VfY 472 deaths and /M.f/l h 3,443 cases; and in Philadelphia 1,063 aeaths and 9,721 cas' In every case- the death rate has been terri ris ing, in many instances, to several huadr per 00 GOO.population. - Ti The U. S. Census Bureau report for 1*8 shows 11,375 typhoid deaths in the registration area, and for 1909 there were 10,722 deaths---n aver age of about 11,000 a years. The registration area includes only 61 per cent of the total popu lation, and does not include the South, where the typhoid rate is very high. In ten southern states the average rate has been 79. "Twenty thousand deaths a year," says Dr. William Guilfoy, Regis trar of Vital Statistics of New York City, "would be a very conservative estimate of the total an nual typhoid mortality."' Certainly this is a con servative estimate, for the complete census of 1900 showed 35,379 typhoid deaths that year. For the sake of being conservative, however, let us take Dr. Guilfoy's figures. They are large enough. The dead, it has long been held, amount to not more than one-tenth of the total number of those stricken. "But recent studies," to quote Mr. George C. Whipple, "indicate only one death in 15 or 18 cases." If we allow one death or every twelve cases-an estimate that Dr. Guilfoy says is entirely within the mark-we shall have the tremendous annual total of about 250,000 cases. Think of it--a quarter of a million people yearly stricken with typhoid! Recall the largest parade you ever saw-say one with 25,000 troops in line-and think how those serried ranks marched past hour after hour until your eye grew tired of watching them. Then multiply that parade by ten, and imagine what an enormous army 250,000 persons would make. That is exactly the size of the army, re cruited anew every year, that this country forces to fight-typhoid fever. Like any other army, this army, too, costs money. In this case, though, the cost is in the form of economic loss. Statistics compiled by the Connecticut Board of Health show that ty phoid carries people off in the years of their greatest earning capacity, 41 per cent of the deaths occurring to persons between the ages of 20 and 40, and 60 per cent to persons between 10 and 40. The economic loss thus caused reaches a stag gering total. The cost of the epidemic at Plym outh, it is shown by Professor Mason, amounted to more than $115,000, divided as follows: Loss of wages of those who recovered... $30,020 Cost of caring for the sick.............. 67,000 Year's earnings of the dead............. 18,419 $115,539 In making this estimate, however, allowance was made for the loss of only one year's earn ings. An examination of an insurance mortality table shows that the man who dies before he is forty dies before his time. Hence his death roepresents a loss, not of one year's income, but of many. Five thousand dollars is the sum at which a life is usually valued in reckoning eco nomic loss. The typhoid loss is based only on the number of those who die. As Mr. George Whipple points out, there is an added loss occa sioned by non-fatal typhoid illnesses that should also be taken into account. The average period of typhoid convalescence, as figured fr1n 500 cases in a Pennsylvania hospital, is 43 days. Hence loss of wages plus cost of medical at tendance would easily average $100 for every person who recovers. If ten recover for one who dies, then an extra $1,000 must be added to the $5,000 allowed for each death, making the total economic loss caused by every typhoid death $6,000. Figured on this basis the lose to many com munities amounts to millions of dollars yearly. have seen, the typhoid rate was 127 per 100,000 population. Pitts burg is a city with a population in excess of 350,000. Hence its annual death roll from typhoid must have amounted to 31/ times 127, or something like 444. At $6,000 a life, this death roll will cost Pittsburgh $2,664,000 a year, or $26,640,000 every decade. And the loss to the entire country, fig . uring the typhoid deaths at 20,000, reaches the astounding total of $120,000,000 a year, or $1,200,000, 000 every decade. This estimate, however, is with out question too conservative. Mr. Allen Hazen, an eminent American engineer, says in his book, "Clean Water and How to Get It," that the reduction in the number of deaths in five cities, brought about through water purl flcation, amounted to 440. Im proved general sanitary condi tions, he says, were responsible for 137 of the 440 decrease. The typhoid reduction amounted to only 71. The reduction in the number of deaths from other causes amounted to 232-three times the typhoid reduction. If this ratio of deaths due to water holds good generally, then our ty 72 phoid deaths are only a small part of the deaths due to bad water. That three-quarters of the typhoid deaths are due to water Mr. Hazen mlmseix aeciares. Tear threeuarters is referred to in the first para needlessly, slaughtered each year by polluted water." Because, to quote Mr. Hazen, "three. quarters of the typhoid deaths could be pre vented, and thereby could be stopped this need less loss of vital capital that is going on year after year." The way to save that three-quarters, then, is by being careful, which in this case means by providing pure water. As Mr. Hazen puts it, "By filtering all the water supplies of the Im portant cities of the country, and by institut ing other necessary sanitary reforms." As proof of this let us see wnat has happened to the death rate in those localities that have purified their water supplies. The typhoid rate of Rensselaer for ten years averaged 61.9 per 100,000 population. In 1908, after the water was filtered, it fell to 30. Hudson changed from Hudson river water to a purer supply, and the rate fell from 59.2-the ten-year average-to 17.1. Poughkeepsie's rate used to average 112. In 1907 the filtration plant was improved, and the rate fell to 34.5. In Albany the ten-year average before filtration was 88.8. Since filtra tion the ten-year average has been 22.2. In Pennsylvania, Pittsburg had a typhoid rate, according to Health Director E. R. Wal ters, that from 1901 to 1907 averaged 127. In 1907 the city spent $6,500,000 for a filter sys tem. During the three years since, the typhoid rate has been 31.9-a decrease of more than 75 per cent. Chicago affords an even more striking exam ple of the benefit of purifying the water supply. In 1891-.Chicago's typhoid rate was 173.8 per 100,000, the highest average typhoid rate in the civilized world. Chicago purified its water by building its wonderful drainage canal to keep its sewage out of Lake Michigan. In 1908 Chi cago's typhoid rate was 15.6-a reduction of 91 per cent. Excellent as these achievements are, there is a possibility of an even greater reduction in the typhoid rate. The methods of water purification are various. Undoubtedly filtration comes first; but filtra tion is not infallible. Another method of purification is the use of huge storage reservoirs. Water is a poor me dium for disease germs, and in it they die quickly. To quote Mr. Whipple again: "The typhoid bacillus does not multiply in ordinary drinking water. On the contrary the cells die. . Ultimately all the cells die. The rate varies greatly. In some experiments all died in 3 to 5 days. In others germs lived a month. In very cold water mortality is more rapid." Hence if water can be impounded in large reservoirs and held for a time, it tends to purify iteslf. Sewage disposal is fully as important as wa ter purification-that is, for any purpose except the saving of human life. If property is at stake it is indispensable. The problem of clean water is evidently not a difficult one to solve. No nation has a finer supply of water than we have. At the least you can guard the water that comes into your house. See that you get fresh water from the mains, and not water that has stood for hours in the lead or brass pipes with in the house. House filters are plentiful, but few of them are efficient. They are merely strainers. Don't put ice in your water. It may contaminate it. Your great safeguard is is boil ing your water. Particularly is this necessary in the late winter, when typhoid epidemics so often break out ZANZIBAR PARROT IS A PROFANE LINGUIST BIRD SWORE LOUDLY IN ARABIC BUT OWNER DECLINED TO WRING HIS NECK. SNew York.-Ali Ben Ding, a Zanzi* bar parrot, skilled beyond belief in the shrill articulation of Turkish, Arabian, Moorish, French, German and Spanish profanity, was respon sible for the arraignment in the Tombs police court of his owner, Se 1im Hamad, a Byzantine sailor. Selim Hamad is a young giant and he was charged by YArem Sultan, a slim, narrow chested Arab, who lives at 37 Washington street, with per forming a wild Dervish dance on his chest after endeavoring to carve in itials in his neck. Arem Sultan had barely survived the ordeal and when he appeared before Magistrate Krotel to press the charge there was that in his appearance to suggest that an en tire caravan had romped over him, Bird Causes Br.ach of Peace. sundry camels having stopped awhile to test the footing-/p and down the buttons of his wais oat and athwart his dusky features. B Through a tiny iterstice in the bandages that wre ked his counten ance he told an am ng story of the profanity of Al B i Ding and how encounter with Selimza Hamad. For several days, the Arab sad, he had heard the name of his ancestors reviled in his native tongue. He knew there were no Arabs in Washington street and he could not for the life of him puzzle out who was cussing him. He searched the house in which he was living from top to bottom, but could not locate the voice. As he set out for a near by restau rant Sultan was startled by the ex clamation: "Dog of an Arab, eat the dust of your thieving fathers!" Sultan stopped short and his blood caught fire. The honor of the tribe of Sultan had been traditional on the desert for centuries. To be called a dog was the vilest of epithets. Sultan had halted in 'front of 25 Washington street and he had only to wait another instant before the same voice cried out an oath that caused the young Arab to turn pale and trem ble. This bit of profanity was fol lowed by the phrase: "The tribe of Sultan is accursed by the. moon, the stars and the dogfish that swim under the stars." That was enough for the young Arab. He rushed into the doorway and up the stairs to the rooms occu pied by Selim Hamad. The profane voice of All Ben Ding, the parrot, lured him on. Sultan knocked at the door. Selim Hamad opened it, blocking the en trance with his giant bulk. Greatly enraged, Sultan demanded of Selim Hamad that he slay the vile bird before his eyes. "He is bewitched of a thousand dev ils," Sultan said. "Kill him at once." "Pouff, little one!" replied Selim Hamad in fluent Arabic. "All Ben Ding is a wise bird and knows a dog of an Arab when he sees one." This was too much for the little Arab, and he hurled himself upon the huge sailor, with the results already told. HORSES BALK AT DEAD MAN Drivers Then Learn of Veteran's Sui cide in Barn, Which Animals Refused to Enter. Cynwyd, Pa.--John H. Titlow, sev enty-one years old, an inmate of the Soldiers' home at Hampton Roads, and who was on a visit to friends in this vicinity, committed suicide by hanging in the barn of John Duffy, near here. William H. Duffy and William L. Downes were engaged in hauling hay to the barn, and about three o'clock, when they attempted to drive into the structure with a loaded wagon, the horses balked and refused to enter. Investigating the cause of the horses' stubbornness, Duffy and Downes found the body of the aged war vet eran dangling from a rope fastened to the rafter direc iy in the path of the horses. is just a symptom. It is Nature's way of showing a derange ment of the stomach, liver or bowels. Help Nature with the best system-cleaning tonic, OXIDINE' -a bottle proves. The Specific for Malaria, Chills and Fever, and a reliable remedy for all diseases due to dis ordered liver, stomach, bowels and kidueys. 50c. At Yoar Draggest i* a , na us 0 ave ao.* Waco. Texas. WOULDN'T ANY WOMANt o K Mollie-She's great on adopting new fads. Jack-But she objects to new wrinkles. Not Sufficiently Eager. A little miss of five years was under the ban of disobedience. She had been told to put away her playthings, as it the demand, and, when forced to; do so. gave way to a petulant display of temper. Her father, who was up stairs, beard the commotion, and, be ing made acquainted with the cause, summoned the child to his presence. Irma start&ed to the stairs, but sud denly made a turn, dashed along the hall, and out of the house. Of course she was soon captured, but her excite ment was so great that she was put to bed at once. Mother's effort soothed the child and then she was asked: "Why did you run away when your father called you?" The reply came promptly enough: "You don't sup pose, mamma, that I wanted a whip ing bad enough to go upstairs after it," A Crime. "What do you think of the plot?" asked the theater manager. "That isn't a plot," replied the man who had paid two dollars to see the show. "That's a conspiracy." A man's life can be no larger than the objects to which it is given. LUCKY MISTAKE. Grocer Sent Pkg. of Postum and Opened the Eyes of the Family. A lady writes from Brookline, Mass.: "A package of Postum was sent me one day by mistake. "I notified the grocer, but finding that there was no coffee for breakfast next morning I prepared some of the Postum, following the directions very carefully. "It was an immediate success in my family, and from that day we have used it constantly, parents and chil dren, too-for my three rosy young sters are allowed to drink it freely at breakfast and luncheon. They think it delicious, and I would have a mutiny on my hands should I omit the be loved beverage. "My husband used to have a very delicate stomach while we were using coffee, but to our surprise his stom ach has grown strong and entirely well since we quit coffee and have been on Postum. "Noting the good effects in my fam ily I wrote to my sister, who was a coffee toper, and after much persua sion got her to try Postum. "She was prejudiced against it at first, but when she presently found that all the ailments that coffee gave her left and she got well quickly she became and remains a thorough and enthusiastic Postum convert. "Her nerves, which had become shattered by the use of coffee have grown healthy again, and today she is a new woman, thanks to Postum." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich., and the "cause why" will be found in the great little book, "The Road to Wellville," which comes in pkgs. Ever read the above letter? A new one appears from time to time. They are genuine, true, and full ef human k terest