LORDFAIRFAX
AT COURT
_______ , |
Natlve of Maryland, He Comes
of Vlrglnla Ancestry.
LIVES IN BRITISH CAP1TAL1
Klng Much Intorested In Unlque Hlstory
of tho Man Who Is an Amorican by
Blrth, a Scotchman by Tltle and
t an Englishman by Domlcile.
A cablegram from London statcs thnt
Lord Falrfax, of NewYork, an Atnerlenn
by brith, a ScoU'hinnn by tltle and an Eng?
lishman by domlcile, baron, banlccr and
bacholor,. was, on Monday last, prcaentcd
to Klng Edward, of whoso roalm ho ls a
pacr, but of whoin he Is not a subjoct.
Tho preacntatlon was mado by Lord
klnlialrd, and the Klng was much Inter
catod aa tho young man'a compllcated
BUitua was explalned Lo hlm.
Albert Klrby Falrfax, tho Lord Falrfax,
Baron of Carneron, who was preaented to
Klng Edward, was born In 1870. Hls
father, Dr. John. Falrfax, of Leland,
l'rlnco Georges county, Md., who dle'd
Bomotlmo ago, was the undlaputcd elev
ejith Baron Falrfax, but' ho had auch an
utter dladaln for all thlngs pertalnlng to
royalty that he ncver mado capllal of(
hla poaltlon, nor took any apparent intor-"
cst in the royal happenlngs In England.
Not ao wlth the prcaent Baron Falrfax.
This young man, whoso molher atlll ro
Bldea In Prlnce Georges county, employed
attorneya shortly after the death of hls
father to formally lay clalm to the tltle.
Thla haa been practlcally accompllahed,
aa tho young man was formally bld to
uttend tho porohiitlon.
AN ANCIENT TITLE.
The tltlo of Baron Falrfax was croated
ln 1627, and the tifth Lord Falrfax left hls
homo and estatcs ln Scotland In 1722 for
Amerlca, because he waa dlsappolnted In
lovo and bolleved hlrnselfuiU treated by
tho membcrs of hla fatnlly. By nn ar
rangoment wlth tho crown ho socurcd a
grant of land ln what was then lncluded
in Vlrglnla, amountlng to 5.000,000 acres.
On thla a palatiul horae for those daya
waa bullt and Lord Falrfax became a
power as the weaithleBt man in the colo
jilea. He waa tho friend of AVashlngton
und employed the latter for survey work,
a famlllar fact to nlt who have read tho
llfo of tho Father of Hla Country. Tho
Bcat of tho Falrfax famlly was near to
Mount Vornon, and waa n gatherlng placo
for tho gentry of the tlme, mnintalnlng
a ropu^^j) for not.able hospltallty.
Lord HtJrfax dled wlthout chlldren and
hls property waa Inherltpd by hls brotber,
iWIUiam Falrfax. who marrled Sally Cary,
-tho Lowland Beauty," ot whom lt ls told
that Bhe Jlttcd AVashlngton. This couplo
had no chlldren, and when AVIlliam Falr
fnx dled Robert. hla younger brother,
camo Into tho tltlo and oBtato. From
hlm tho Falrfaxes of tho Unltod Statea
nro descended. Durlng the nevolutlonary
War tho tltlo waa held by Hev. Bryan
Falrfax, who was rector of .Chrlst's
Church, Alexnndrla, of whlch AVashlngton
?waa o veatryman. Ho sympathlzed wlth
the coloriies, was an Intlmato friend of
AVashlngton ;tnd contrlbuted genorouaiy
from hla prlvato purso townrd tho causo
n Uberty.
MO LIK.ING/ FOR ROYALTY.
9*_t hlm, after two generatlons, waa
d?s??rf*d John Falrfax. who was en
tltled to a place In tho Engllah peerage,
but dld not caro to clalm lt. He llvod
in AVashlngton, where prevlous to tho
outbreak of thc war ho was in hlgh
profesaional repute. On tho outbreak of
tho war, however, hls aympathlcs went
to tho South, wlth the reault that he waa
practlcally oatraciaed In the clrcles ln
Whlch ho had moved and hla practlce foll
away sadly. Decldlng to leave AVash?
lngton after theso mlsfortunes, he bought
the placo ln Maryland, not far from tho
Dlstrlct, where ho spent tho remnlnder
of hls llfo in qulet pursults, a country
gentloman of a dellghtful personallty,
?wlth no ambltlon to horald himself Eorl
of Culpeper, but ajnlncntly proud of bo?
ing an Amerlcan cltlzon,
Dr, Falrfax left two sons and threo
jaaughtera.
One daughter, Josephlne, marrled Mr.
ffunstall Smlth, of Bultlmoro.
AVhen the Coronatlon plans woro pub
liahed In Amerlca young Falrfax de
cldod to go ovcr to England nnd clnlm
hls rlghts to bo presont at tho crown
Ing of Klng Edward and woar tho robes
nnd coronet of n baron, though wlthout
tnklng tho oath of allogianco to the Brlt
ish monarch. Tho altuatlon was unlque,
but the equlty of tho appllcatlon wna
tihdenlablo, and Lord Falrfux's demand
Was granted.
Slnco that tlmo ho haa rosldod ln Lon?
don.
INTERCONTINENTAL ROAD
Project Endorsed by Representatives of
American Countries.
(in- Asuoclntud I'n-HS.)
"WASHINGTON, March U.-The dlplo
roatio representatives of all tho South
and Central American countries now tt
rWaahlngton, uasemblod at tho Slato Ho
partment to.discuss tho Intercontlnontnl
rallway projoct. Afctlng Secretary
Loomla prealded vvcr tho meetlng, and
introduced ox-Sonator Honry G. Davla,
a member of tho pennanont lntercontl
rontal rallway cbmmlsslon. Mr. Davla
pave a most hopeful charnotor to tho un
dortuklng, and ho brought word from
Andrew Cnrnoglo of hls wllllngnosa to
ndvanco tho projoct ln a nnnnclal aonso
at tho propor tlme.
Tho work was undertakon by Charlos
Poppor, tho spoclal commlsslonor, nnd
?ndoraed by all proacnt. Mr, Peppor bo
|ng poraonnlly known to moat of tho rop
roaentatl/res, thoy pledgod thomsolves to
Inimedlately wrlto thoir respoctlvo gov
animents rocommondlng that thoy faclll
tato ln ovory way Mr. Poppor's invoatl
Jra/lons,
Day Consumed In Argument.
Uty AKBoeluted Preus.'l
PENSACOtA, FHA., March U.?No wlt
jiessos Woro oxnmined hoforo tho court
toiartlal at tho navy yard to-day ln the
ll'Jftl ot teiisrgh Worthhian, tho ehtlre day
belng eonst.tnod ln tho "**"????*?
Judgo Advocato Wfirtow.iwd lioulonant
Flnltl, coutiaol for tho ncOused, upon the
ndtnlsalblllly ot tho ovldenco of uiplaltl
Miinncy. ot the MnsHnchuselts.
Tho court has i-ulecl out^H- of the re<
cords and evldehco of tho court ot ?"
nulry and ns all of tho n'ltncsses of tho
exploston wltlV tho exceplloti of tho no
ctlBeu nm doad, It ls nssentlnl thnt tho
proseculloti havo tho stat'emont ofTCnirtgw
Worlhmnh to tho commntidor of the ship.
Aftor conBUtnlng tho otitlro day ln ar*
gumcnts,' tho court iidjourtiod Without
totidoi'lng a declsloti._
WANTS THEM BOTM
St. Louls Will Try to Secure Democratlc
and Republlcan Convcntlona.
(Ily AMnelatptl. PreM.)
WASHINOTON, D. C, March H.?
Rcprosoiitallvo llarthotdt, of St. Louls,
ttild the Prealdent lo-day thnt St, Louls
would ondeaivor to socuro bolh tho Re?
publlcan and Domocrnlle natlonal con
vontlons nuxt yonr.
"It wlll he World's Fnlr year In St.
Louls." sald he, "tho grootost year In
the hlstory of thc clty, and wo wlll bo
ttblo to offor such attractlons to tho na?
tlonal convontlons ns nevcr beforo lmv'6"
be'eri offered by any clty.
Prealdent Hooam'olt, or courao, Is tnk
Ing no part. and told Dr. B/irtholdl that
ho would takc no part In the seluctlon
of a place for the holdlng ot tho Rcpub-'
lican nntlonnl conventlon.
Rcprcaentallvo Bartholdt dlscussed
wlth tho Prealdent soino of the delalla of
hla vlsft to St, Louls at thc tlme of tho
dedlcatlori of the exposltlon on Aprll
30th.
STRIKEATSHIPYARDS
Men Ordered to Stay Away and to Be
l. Orderly, '
fjly Annoclntc-ri Presn.i
NEW VORK. March 11.?Thrce hun
drod shlpwrlghta, Jolncra, carpenters and
caulkors went on atrlko at the Townaend
& Downoy ahlpbuildlng yard on Shootera
Ialancl to-day. Tho membera of tho unlon
omplbyod In other yards aro not nffected
by tlio strlke. Thero aro now 670 men,
formerly omployed at the Towsend &
Downoy yard, on strlke.
Prealdent McCallum, of the local union,
aaya that the slrikers have boen ordered
to keop away from the yards of the eom
pany and to refrnln from mnklng do
monatratlons. The two hundred men at
tho Burleo dry dock and ,ahlpbuildlng
yards at Port Rlchtnond, who went on
strlke yesterday, are stlll out.
Telcgraphic Brevities.
ARCADIE, FLA.?Tho Jury'trying thc
case agalnst I. E. Coopor, charged wlth
the tnurdcr of Marshal Bowman, of
Punla Gorda, thls mornlng brought In a
vordlct of murder in tho first degreo,
without any recommcndatlons to the
mercies of the court. Cooper was sen
tenced to be hanged.
COLUMBIA. S. C.?XV. L. Croft, of Fair
fax. Barnwell county, S. C? was shot
and instantly kllled from ambush Mon
day nlght near hla home. Susplclon points
to a negro, Frank Strange, whose wlfo
Croft had befrlended by glvlns her a homo
nfter hor husband had drlvon her from
hls houso. ' "_
CHARLESTON, S. C?Secretary of tfho
Nnvy Moody. with a party of ofllclals,
lcft here at noon to-day on the dlspatch
bont Dolphln for a crulse ln the West
Indles.
MEMPHIS, TENN.-J. H. Brown, a
well-known cltlzcn of Memphls, was shot
and kllled near Wynne, Ark.. by a negro.
lt ls sald Brown was employed by a
prlvale detectlve agency In an effort to
apprehend certaln negro whltocappera In
Arkansas.
MIAMA, FLA.?Rumors received here
last nlght of a wreckod steamer off Rag
ged Kcy could not be conflrmed to-day.
Tho steamer Martlnlquo. whlch arrlvod
to-day from Havnna, passed wuhin a half
mlle of tho reported wreck,' but dlscov
ered no traco of the vesael.
, ?
Record Carrjo of Coffee.
(Br Ansoeintcil Pre?8.1
VERA. CRuZ, March 11.?Large ship
menta of Mexican coffeo are golng from
thla port to Now York. The steamer
Havana, of the Ward Llne, carrled . a
record-breaklng cargo of 1,350,000 pounda
of coffoe nnd the Esperanza. of the aame
llno, wlll leave for Now York wlth nonrly
an cqual amount. Dovelopmcnts in the
coffee markot have convlnced mcrchants
hore that thero Ia no Immediate hope for
a rlse ln prlces, but on the contrary, tho
tondency will be lower, nnd they are
making all hasto to unload their surplus.
* -
Ice Company Officers
(Jly Asraelnteil Prosn.)
NEW YORK, March 11.?At a meotlng
of the Board of Dlrectors of tho American
Ice Company to-day the following officers
were elected for the ensulng year:
John N. Schonmaker. presldent; B. T\.
Hunt, Wesley M. Oler and R. W. Hop
klns, vico-presidents; E. D. Hnley, treaa
urer; Robert A. Scott, secretary.
??-?
Successful Operatlon.
(Sncclnl to Th* TlraoH-PUnatch.) ?
R\LTIMORE, MD., March ll.-MIss
Ele'no Stokes, of Rlohmond. ls recovering
at tho Unlon Protestant Innrmnry from
a. sovoro though aucceaaful operatlon on
hor throat.
?
Richmonders in New York.
rSneclnl to The Tlnios-PJfPntch.)
NEW YORK, March ll.-Flflh Avenue
G A. Dnvonport and wlfo, Mlss_E. N.
Dnvcnport; Grpgorlan-M. D. Rrooks;
Grnnd?J. Lnndatreot.
CHECKS WILL SOON
COME TO PAY DEBT
Government Will by May 1st
Take Possession of the
Shafer Bullding.
It ta thought that wlthln a fow days
tho Troasury Dopartmont ht Waahlng
ton wlll aend down horo checks to pay
on"h llrm or. Indlvldual tho prlce f.-vod
In tho proceodlnga ecmdemnlng hhnfor
bulldlng Aa soon ns thla shall hityn
boen dono. one of tlio roprosontatlvea of
tho offlco of tho supervlslng arch lect of
tho Treasury wlll como horo. wlll look
over tho grouml nnd mnktt such recom
mondatlons aa ho may aeo flt for| t"m
porary lmprovomonts to Shafer bulldlng.
It ls thought, nnd bollovod, that tho
government wlll take possosslon of thla
property on the 1st of May.
Office Supplies, Pesks. Chairh, &c.
BOOK-OASES, I3lank Books, Businosa
Expanslons Systoms, Oivrrt Iiuloxos,
Cabinefc Filos?alwnys nt lowosfc possiblo
prlcos I
We nro ngonfcs for Outlor'a H|gh Qrtulo
Hnmlsoino Desks.
BOUTHERN STAMP AND*
BTATIONERY COMPANY,
Twelye-Slx Maln Street,
(OiJfiUOurFurnitur* ZQ per cmt, Aqvw JhtmGtiim,
Jhat's M.
Cohen's Store
Is Inviting. . ..
There aro thousatids of cheerful gOods of ovcry ckss
with enough of underprices to mako good shopping vory
interesting.
Cotton Bourettes
Tho fac-sim.ilo of ^VoKstccl Scotch fabrics that cost $1.00 to $1.50.
Tho prico of theso, in all slmdes and colorings, is 11 I-2o.
Underpriced Carpets
And all things for floor coverings that oomo over from tho past season,
and thero aro hundreds of rolls of carpets as yot for a third olf in ordor
to close stock.
A Ful! New Stock of Matting Now
SAMBO WEAK
IN HISMIND
Insanlty Among the Negroes
has Increasedby Great Strides
STRAIN OF LIFE SEVERE
ExcessesUnbridled Passions Indulgen
cesand the Anxiety of Getting Food
and Clothing, Existencefn Unsanltary
Hovela Have Fllled Asylum.
Edltor of The Tlmes-Dlspatch:
Slr,?Replying to your letter of recent
date, asklng me to glve my views and
the results of my observatlons as to tho
Increase of lnsanltay ln Vlrglnla, &c, and
how the Increase ln this State compares
wlth that In other States, I submlt tho
followlng: For obvlous reasons, statlstlcs
regardlng Insanlty cannot be absolutely
accurate, but tho flgures whlch I shall
glve, comlng from as rellable sources as
are availablo, may be consldered falrly
correct and answer all practlcable pur
poses:
A careful study of the Informatlon fur
nlshed from the publlshed hospltal re
ports must lead to the Inevitable con
cluslon that, during the past thlrty years,
Insanlty in both races h'asTlncreased in
this and other States at a morc rapld rato
than has.the genoral population. Thore
are differences or dlscrepancles between
tho figures given in the hospital reports
and thoso given in the census reports,
whlch cannot be adjusted. Unfortun
ately we have no absolultely rellable sys
lem of reglstration of tho lnsane.. How
ever, the flgures representlng the In?
crease of Insanlty wlll not be fallaclous
enough to vltlate Uhem to any great ex
tent.
THE NEGRO INSANE.
December 17, 1SC9, General Canby, mill
tary Governor of Vlrglnla. ordered that
"all the colored lnsane at the Eastorn
Lunatlc Asylum. at AVllliamsburg, bo
transferred at once to Howard's Grove
Hospital, near .Rlchmond, and that all
the lnsane of tho samo class conflned ln
the county or corporatlon jalls of tho
State be ln like mahner sent to that hos?
pital." The followlng year Howard's
Grove Hospital was Incorporated as a
State lnstltutlon. In 18SS the instltutlon
was re-establlshed near Petersburg. The
offlclal rocords at the hospjital show that
February 1, IS70. thero wore ln the hos?
pital 123 lnsane negroes. In the follow?
lng November tho rocords show that
there were 147 in the hospital, and many
cases had been rejected during the year
on account of lack of sufltclent accom
modntlons. November, 1SS0, the number
ln the hospital was 326, and no appli
catlons were on flle; October. 1893, there
were 654, and October, 1900, 1,023 lnsane
negroes were offlclally roported to be ln
the State.
Altogethor thero have been, admltted to
tho hospital, up to the closo of the last
flscal year, 3,799 .persons, or 4,734 cases,
935 havlng been admltted two or moro
tlmes. From 1870 to 1S80. 495 persons, or
flrst admlsslon cases, wero rocelved?an
average of 49 a year; from 1SS0 to 1S90,
1,101 wero rocolved?an tiverago of 110 a
year; from 1890 to 1900, 1,512 were rocelv?
ed?an averago of 125 a year. From Oc?
tober, 1900, to October, 1902, 500 lnsane ne?
groes, who had never bofore hnen ad
judged lnsane (new cases) wero sent to
this hospital. At this tlme wo havo 1,005
under caro and only throe are reported lo
bo outsldo of the lnstltutlon.
At tho end of each of sovonteen out of
thlrty-two yoars, howovor. tho number of
lnsano negroes reportod In Jall nnd olso
whero awaltlng admlsslon, vnrlod from
24 (the smallest numbor) ln 3S74. to 115
(tho lorgest number) In 1900. How many
becamo lnsane, but for lack of room or
othor causos, wero not rocolved ln tho
hospital, ls past flndlng out, as no record
prlor to 1S!)0 was preserved. The number,
howover, if nddcd, would mako consld
ornblo dlftercnco In the percontago of in
croaso.
A GREAT INCREAS10.
From 1870 to 1880 tho rato of Increase
(conslderlng flrst ndmlsslons only) was
about 122 per cont. Really, tho propor
mothod of ostlmatlng tho increaso ls ,to
tnl?o tho numbnr of new cases occurrlng
onch year. Tho consus enumerntlon In
1870 wna so Imporfect thnt I attompt no
comparlson wlth tho reportod Incroaso In
tho genoral population for that porlocl,
From 18S0 to 1890 tho negro population,
flfcnrdlng to tho census, Increasod Iess
than ono per cont., whllo tho rato of in
oroaso ln Insanlty, ln that rnce, was 110
por cent. Tho incroaso ln tho number
of new or flrst admlsslon onses, rocelved
nt tho hospital during tho porlod between
1890 and 1900, ovor that botwoon 1880 and
1890, was noarly 40 por cent. From
1890 to 1900 tho nogro population Increasod
nt the ruto of only 3-9 por cent., whllo
tho rato of Inoreaso of Insanlty was 52
per cent.
From the best Informatlon I cnn got
nnd from data nt this Instltutlon, It seems
that In 1870 thero was ono lnsano nogro
ln about 3,000 of tho nogro population; ln
1880, oiio In 1937; and ln 1890, ono ln 042;
and in 1900, ons- In 645.
It wlll bo obsorved that the perlod be
twoen 1890 and 1C00 showed Ioss Increase
ln Insanlty and moro In genoral popula?
tion thau for olther of tho provloim do
cades; but, on the othor hand, lt appeara
from Uio recorda kopt thnt a much larg
cr number of persons woro rofusecl ad?
mlsslon during that porlod, on account of
lack of room ln tho hospital than during
olther of tho provloua dooadea.
As far as could bo nscortnlnod, during
the flsoal yoar ending Octobor,, 1898, 03
nogroos adjudged lnsane, olther dled, or
woro dlachargod aa cnred beforo thoy
could be admltted, on account of laek of
room, or, belug Idlots or linbocllea, were
refused admiaslonj Jn 1897 thoro wero 73
such casosj ln 1898, 40; ln 1809, 90; and in
1900, 85,
Slnce March, 1000, when, on nccount of
tho over-crowdod condltlon;of all tho hos
pltala and the accuniulntlon In the Jalls
of the Insane, many of whom woro doubt
less acuto and curablo cases, the law was
arrlendcd so as to prevent harmless de
nienta and dotarda belng pushed off on
tho hospltiils to the oxcluslon of cases
roally insane nnd in urgent nood of
prompt treatmont. At that, tlme (March
1900) there were noarly four hundrod pcr
sons, ono hundrcd and soventy-elght of
whom wcro nogrooa, secklng ndmiaslon to
the hospltals. Slnce tho enactment ot
that law not half ao many persons, whoso
mlnds had become onreebled and bodles
docrepid slmply as results of old age,
havo sought or galned resldonce ln thls
hospltal, and prevcnted many acuto
cases, as formerly, from gottlng Into tho
hospltals. I presumo the snme ls true
aa to tho hoshpltals for the whlte Insano.
Cpnaetiuently we have beon able to re
celve moro promptly than formerly tho
acuto caBes of bisanlty?hofore their
malady bocame chronlc and Incurnblo.
Our recovery rate has Increaaed mator
inlly, because more promptly a caso ot
lnsanlty Is treatcd the better aro tho
chances for recovery.
BECAME GOOD CIT1ZENS.
An Increased number of cases, instead
of belng permanent charges upon the
State, has been sent forth as producora
and tax-payers. The law, furthermoro,
has tended tomake the Instltution a hos?
pltal ln realltv as well as In nnmc?a
place for tho cure of mental dlseasos and
not slmply ono for custodlal care, such ns
is a home for the aged and infirm or a
poor-house.
That lnsanlty In tho nogro was rarely
known beforo tho Clvll War, there is no
iiueatiort. At the closo of the war there
were about 25 Insane nogroes In the
Eastem Hospltal. Thero were doubtless
aeveral kept on tho plantatlons. Tho
census for 1S50 reported 201 In the entlre
State, or one ln 5.000 of the general negro
populatton; In 1S60, there were reported
166. or ono In nearly 7,000. Porhaps many
Idlots. imbeciles and eplleptlca were in
cluded- ln thoae enumeratlona. At any
rate, those flgures are unrollable. Thore
aro about thlrty tlmes aa many insane
negroes in the State now as there woro
in 1S66.
From 18S0 to the present tlme the rate
of Increase of inaanity In tho negro in
thla State' haa been nearly 220 per cent.,
whlle the negro populatlon haa IncreaBed
In that perlod less than two per cent., ac
cordlng to tho censua.
From rellablo sourcea, lt la clear that
the Incroaae of inaanity ln the negro In
the other Southern Statea hns been about
aa great as lt has been In Virglnla, The
Superlntendents and physlcians ofvthe
other Southern hospltals where tho inT
sa'ne negroes are carod for havo publlshed
papers showlng thls concluslvoly.
The causos ot thls phenomenal Increase
of mental dlseases In the negro race, may
bo summed up about as follows:
It Is a result as well as an lndlcation.of
progressive race degenoration. During
slavery the negroes were uaually undor
atrlct but klnd dlsclpllno and moral and
rogular habits were enforced; they llved
ln cloan and hyglonlc surroundlngs, woro
well fod and nourlshed wlth wholeaomo
food, wero comfortably clothed, led sys
tematlc, rogular Ilves, had no mental wor
rloa and nnxletlos, and no rcsponsibllltles,
to speak of.. In short, thoir h'ablta, sur
roundlnga and ^every-day llfe wero
all conduclvo to phyalcal health
and strongth and contontmont.
MASTBRS WERE KIND.
Whethor from selflsh and morcenary or
from humane conslderations, owners took
tho greateat palna ln carlng for their
slavea In alckneas, tho famlly or planta
tlon doctor belng called to rellovo oven
trlvlal allments, nnd at all tlmos their
phyalcal woll-bolng waa carefully lookod
aftor.
Wlth emancipation enmo unchocked su
porstltlons, unbrlndled appotltes and pas
alons, dlaalpatlon, excesses nnd vlces, bad
habits vlolatlon of tho laws of hoalth, ir
rogular llvlng. Indolence, povorty,' prlva
tlon, &c, and as a consoquonco tho negro
Boon began to loso vltallty, to tako on a
woakor constltntlon. nnd honco he bo?
en mo a ready proy to dlseasoa such as
Inaanity and consumptlon. Tho respon
alblllty and montnl slraln Incldont to
carlng for hlmself havo also boon slgnlfl
cant factors ln tho cnusntlon of lnsanlty.
Tho negro bolng an omotlonnl oreaturo,
tho preasuro of oxclloment nnd the wonr
and tear of excessos havo boon too much
for hlm. Forniorly the country or tho
farm was tho abldlng placo of most of
tho negroes. Thoro thoy led an out-door
llfe ln a puro, hoalth-glvlng ntmosphoro.
Slnce tho war thoy havo. In a largo moas
uro, flocked to the oltlos nnd towns nnd
takon up quartors genornlly In crowdod.
unsanltary and unhoalthy apartmonta.
where conatltutlonnl dlseasoa aro rondlly
contraoted and trnnamltted. Froquontly
thoir.placoa of ahodo aro vorltablo hot
beds of dogonoracy. Boforo tho war
herodlty was not a factor ln tho cnusntlon
of lnsanlty In tho nogro, but now that
predlapoalng cnuao haa bocomo one ot
conaldornblo conacquonco.
Thero la ovory reason to fon/r that ln?
sanlty aa woll ns tuboroulosls In tho no?
gro wlll contlnuo to inoronso undor oxist
Ing condltlnns, nnd probably at a moro
rapld rate than herotoforo. To provldo
for thla ovor-increnslng nrmy of Irro
sponaiblo unfortunatea ls a sorloussproblom
whloh confnnta tho Suuthorn States, both
from a snclologlcnl and nn economic
standpolnt,
THE WIHTE INSANE.
Aa to tho Incroaae of lnsanlty ln tho
whltoa, tho Informatlou n.id tho data
avallablo ln the annual roports and elso
whoro ahow that thore has beon Incroaso
out of proportlon to tho Incroaso ln tho
gonoral whlto populatlon.
At tlie clnae of tlio flacal yoar, W>,
thoro woro 551; 18S0, 779-a galn or 228. Oc
tober, 1S90, 1,253-a galn of 471. Octobor
J, 1900, 1,918-a galn of 0B3 patlonts lu all
tho hospltals of tho Stato for tho whilo
Insano. From 1870 to 1880, J.760 casoa
woro admlttod to thoso InstltiiUons; from
1880 to 1830, 2,715 woro ndmltted, and from
1890 to 1900, 4,024 wero admlttod. . For tho
ten yeara fvom 1880 to 1890, 9J0 moro pa?
tlonts were ndmltted to tho hospltals than
l'or tho p>'ovlous docado; and fl'om 1890 to
1900, 1.300 moro than for tho perlod be
twoen 18S0 oiid 1890. Of courso, many of
theso wero putlonta who Jju4 beeu ia <**.
or other of the hospital boforo, that ls, t<n
current cnsos, but It ennnot be nBceftaln*
ed from tho publlshed roports how mnny
wero flrst admlsslon or how cftRos, It
ls howover, a fnct. that the niimlwr.?f
now casos has Increasod from year to
year,
ln an oxamlnntlon of tho suporlnlond
ents' annurfl roports t flnd that iilmont
evory yenra many appllcants woro not ad?
mltted, on aocount of lnok of room or for
other reitwohs, and many of thoso cithor
dled or woro rostored nnd dlscharged.
Agaln, mnny cases of Insanlty woro con
cealed. or treated at homo, and sorno
wero flent to hospltnlfl otttsldo tho Stnto.
None of thoso, of oourse. have boen ac
count'ed for or onumerated In the hospital
reports. They would augmtmt tho num?
ber of tho InBano consldorably.
nasod on tho hospital ntntlstlos and tho
census for tho genernl populntlnn. Octo?
ber 1, 1880, thoro wna ono whlto Insano to
about 890 of the genoral tvhlto populntlon;
October 1, ISOO, ono to 651; In 1000,/Ono to
520, Tho number In Jalls nnd olsowhoro
not reported, If added, would mnko tho
ratlo of lnsane grenter,
From 1S80 to 1890 tho whlto populntlon
Incroased somcthlng morc than 15 per
cent.. whllo tho whlto lnsane In the hos
pltals at thc ond of tho flscat yoar, 1880,
ns compnred wlth 1890 (ngnln those out
sldo aro not taken Into conslderntlon) In?
creasod 59 por coht. From 180O to 1900
the whlto populntlon Incronsed about 17
per cent., whlle tho whlto Insano In tho
hospltnls. nt ond ot tlscal yoar, 1900, com?
pnred wlth thosc In tho hospltals at the
end of 1890, Incrensed 48 per cont.
NOT SO REAL.
It may bo olalmcd that thc statod in?
crease aa Bhono In tho foregolng, ls moro
apparont than roal, because, '
Flrst: That mnny cases are re-ndmU
ted repeatcdly, and reportod cach tlme as
a dlstlnct cnse. .
Second: That many persons aro now
pronounced lnnnne and Bont to tho hos
pltals, who formorly would have been
kept concealed at home; this mlght havo
been duo to dread of sondlng ono to tho
asylum or to Ignorance of montal dls
Thlrd: That the Improvod and moro
humane molhods of carlng for and nurs
Ing tho insano and better and moro sclen
tlflc medlcal troatment, hnvo tonded to
prolong tho llfo In the hospltals, flnd
henco resultod In an ovor-lncroaslng no
cumulatlon of Incurablcs who remnln as
permanent chargos.
In answer to these; Flrst: AVhlle In?
sano persons aro sometlmes counted more
than once (onco foi' ench admlsslon), tho
samo Is truo ln a mcasuro as to tho gen
erul population, that ls, at each succes
Blvo consus aome persons may be counted
ngnln and ngaln. Besldes, I have, as
far ns possiblo, consldered flrat admlsslon
cases.
Second: Yeara ago many Insano were,
on account of Ignorance or dread of the
asylum, doubtloss kept secroted or away
from the hospital, but during tho past
twenty fivo years( certalnly during the
past soventeen, during whloh tlme I havo
been connected wlth the hospital servlce
of the Stato and given careful study to
th"so questlons), this has not been the
cnse; on the contrnry the tendoncy cer?
talnly among tho poorer classes. has been
rather to send all cases from!home and
place them under proper'care and treat
mont. This ls due to increaaing knowl
edgo of the naturo of Insanlty, to the In?
creasod confldenco ln the hospltals and
to the ihablllty of tho famlly to provlde
proper care at home.
Thlrd: AVhlle lmproved care and treat
inent have tended to lengthen the aver
age llfe of tho lnmates of our hospltals,
ond modern medlcal sclence has, through
the mercy of God, glvon addltlonal years
of llfe to man genorally, consumption nnd
porhaps other organlc dlseaaes have tend?
ed to increase the death. rato among the
lnsane, partlcularly the negroes, and at
tho samo tlme. wdth the lmproved meth
ods of treatlng and curlng acute Insanlty,
lessened tho number of chronlo and ln
curable cases.
The Increase of Insanlty ln all the States
and clvllized countrles, has moved along
approximntely parnllol llnes, and ls ono
ot the vltal questlons of modern clvlllza
tlon Thero is no occaslon, however, for
speclal alnrm in regard to our own State
for the ratlo of lnsane to the genoral
population Is much smaller than lt ls in
many of tho othor States. In New York
tho ratlo is ono .to 3-10; ln Illlnols lt is
one'to 400. In tho states further South
I thlnk tho ratlo ls smaller than lt is in
Vlrglnla. In Groat Britnln Insanlty In
creased from ono to 523, ln 1S00, to ono to
S^O In 1890. The Incroaso has gone on
sm'ce then, tlll now it ls, I thlnk, one to
about 300.
Saya a great allonlat ln a rocont valu
able work on Inaanlty: "Thoro ls llttlo
questlon of tho actuallty of a certaln
steady lncreaso of Insanlty up to a polnt
where the equiltbrlum botweon cause and
offoct ls establlahod, and thla is tho moro
dlfflcult under the condltlona of change
and stress of modorn llfe. The problem
is a complex ono, and tho most wo can
say Is that thoro la no questlon but that
Insanlty is lncreaslng to some extont in
clvllized natlona and thoso comlng under
tho Influenco of clvlllzatlon. Tho reasons
for thla fact and tho exact ratlo of in?
crease aro as yet unaettlod questlons.
Less than olghteen months ago I wrote
to and rocolved roplies from every State
reg*dlng tho care of its Insano and tho
methodsfl of managlng tho hospltals; and
I lonrnod thnt ln only a vory few of tho
Stntoa woro the hospital accommodations
adoquato for nll tho Insnno nnd that now
bulldings or Institutlons woro golng up.
On vlsits.wlthln the past few yoars to hos?
pltals ln Quoboo, Montroal, Rhode Island,
MnssachUBOtts, New York, New Jorscy,
Ponnsylvnnln, Ohlo nnd tho Southern
States, from Maryland fo Mlsslsslppl, and
to tho Government Hospital for the In?
sano, ln AVashlngton, D, ., I Baw overy
where elthor now Institutlons or addl
tlona to oxlstlng Instltutlona boing bullt,
In ordor to moot the domnnda for more
accommodntlons for tho Inoronslng num?
ber of tho Insano.
To moot theso Inorenfllng roqulrements
for tho Insnno Ib a problem whloh calls
for tho exhlbltlon of prudonco and wls
dom, It should ho consldored from prtie
tlcal, humano and sclentlflo standpolnta.
ln tho flrst placo, ovcry case of Insanlty
should, lf possiblo, recolvo troatment im
medlatoly or tho appoarnnco of the oarll
est symptoma at a tlmo whon lt la most
curable. I um not conslderlng horo tho
questlon of provdntlon. No palns nor
roasonablo oxponso should ho aparod to
mako our hospltala ouratlvo Instltutlona.
Tho best oxport modloal tnlont and a
plonty of It shoultl be provldod for tho
troatment of tho Insnno, nnd tralned,
competent nuraoa In sulllolent numbor,
s hould always bo employed, Lnrgo
farma and Industrlal ahopa, to givo em
ploymoiit, partlcularly to tho ohronlo nnd
inourablo cases, aro noceaaary to a prop
orly equlppod lnstltutlon for tho Insano.
Tho colony plan for carlng for the lat
ter classoa and the oplloptlcs has boen
demonstrated ln aovoral Statos, to bo an
naonomlcol and satlsfactory one.
Kospectfully,
AVILL1AM F. DHBWRY,
Central Stato Hospital, Totorsburg, V&.,
March 7. 1903.
? '
Fresh Water on Freshmon.
(By Awwclntad EroilO. ,, '
LAFAA'ETTE, 1NO., March U.-The
ilercest fought hattlo In the hlstory of
(Vurduo class flghts occurred horo to
night, whon 500 freshmen bombardod wlth
Ktonea and olubs Colomblan llall, whore
the sophomoros wero In sosslon nt tholr
annual barWluot. Thoy storpied tho stalra
niul Bticceeded In tomporarlly brealctng up
tho banquot. Thla wns not aocompllshod
tir.tll about twonty freahmon wore moro
or loss hurt.
A rlot call was sent ln, but tho Bcoro
of pollco who reapondod wero unablo to
hundlo tho crowd of rtotlng atudonts. Not
Linlll tho city flro department was called
and two Btreams of water wero brought
Into play dld tho freshmon dleperso.
Most of tho studenta' Injurles 'wore re
cclved at tho handa of the polloe, who
diargod t&o crov/4 WJt^ ttoeti; oJub?,
IT BECOMHEHDED 1 EVEBYTHIHG
But if You Have Kidney, Llver or Bladder Trouble,
You Will Flnd the Qreat Retnedy Swamp
Root, Just What You Need,
It used to bo cohslderod that only urlnary and
bladdcr troubles were to bo traeed to tho kldneys,
but now tnodern soleneo provea that nearly all
dtseasefl havo thoir boglnnlng ln the dlsoraor ot
thoso most Importnnt orgnns.
Theroforo, when your kldnoys aro woak or out
of order, you oan undorstnnd how qulckly your
entiro body Is nffeotod, nnd how ovory organ soems
to fatl to do Its duty.
If you are elck or "fcol badly," begln taklng tho
famous now dlsoovory, Dr. Kllmer's Swamp-Root,
becaUBO aa soon as your kldnoys are well thoy wlll
help all the other organs to health. A trlal wlll
convlnee any ono.
Doctors Prescribe Swamp-Root.
Gontlomen:?"I havo prescrlbed, that
wondorful romody for Itldney and olndder
complnints, Dr. Kllmer's Swamp-Root.
wlth most beneflclal cIToct, and know of
mnrjy cures by its use. Theao patlents
had'kldn'oy troubles, ns dlagnoscd by othor
? physlelnns, and trented without boncflt.
Dr. Kllmer's Swamp-Root oftootod a cttro.
I nm a llboral man and accept a spoclflo
wherover I flnd It, In an accepted sohool
or out of It. For despcrato cases of kld
noy or blndder complalnt under treatmont
wlth un*allsfactory reaults I turn to Dr.
Kllmer's Swamp-Root wlth most fiatter
Ing results. I Bhall contlntio to prescrlbo
It, and from porsonnl observatlon stato
thnt Swamp-Root haa grent curativo prop
ertles,''
DR. KILMER'5
SWAMP-ROOT
Kldn?y,Ltver & Biadder
CURE.
DIRECTtONS,
iriTtAKion., Iwo or tnrto
Uupoonfnli titfon or tttm
wmIiijo ?lb.dllm?.
Cblldrtn lm uoordlai
M?j oommntM wll_
dom nd I ticrttM to fatl dow
or raon, ?? Ihi gw woaU
M?n to rtquln.
TWi rrut rrm?!y oaro all
kldtur, Ilr.r, blidd.r wd Urio
Acld iroublei tnd dloordtrt
dat to wwk kldnojt, moh u
ctUrrh o( iht bUddir, frartL
' ) tnl
wont tortn of kldmy dla
ItliplttMntloiakt.
niMiin oiar it
DR. KHMER * CO.,
BmOHAMTON, N, Y.
Sold by nll Druggtsta.
276 Oth St., Borough of Brooklyn, N. T.
Weak and unhealthy kldnoys aro responslble for
moro sleknoss and sufferlng than any other dls
oase, 'and if permltted to contlntio much sufferlng,
wlth fatal -results, are sure to follow. Kldney trou?
blo irrltatos the norves, makos you dtzzy, roatless,
sleopless and' Irritafcle; makos you pass water often
during tho dny and obllgos you to got up many
tlmes during tho nlght. Unhealthy kldneys cause
rheumntlsm, gravel, catarrh of the bladdef, paln
or dull acho ln tho back, jolnts and muscles;
makes your hend achofand back acho, causes lndlJ
gestlon, stomach and liver troublo, you get a sal
low, yellow comploxton, mnkos you feel as though
you had heirt trouble^ you may havo plenty of '?
nmbltlon, but no strorigth; got weak and waste (gwamp-Root Is pleoeant to take.)
away.
Tho ouro for theso troubles ls Dr. Kllmer's Swamp-Root, the world-famous kld
noy remedy, In taking Swamp-Root yoti afford natural help to Nature,' for Swamp-.,
Root ls the most perfect hoaler and gontlo ald to the kldneys that la known to'
modlcal sclence.
If thero is nny doubt ln your mlnd aa to your eonditlon, take from your urlne on?'.
rislng about four ounees, placo It In a glass or bottlo and let it stand twenty-four'
hours. If on examination it Is mllky or cloudy, lf there ls a brlck-dust settling, or
if small partloles float about In lt, your kldneys are In need of immediate attention.
No matter how many doctors you may havo triod?no matter how much money
you may have spent on other medlolnos, you really owe lt to yourself to at least glvo
Swamp-Root a trlal. Its stanohest friends tp-day are those who had almoat glven
up hope of evor becomlng well again.
If you aro already convlnced that Swamp-Root Is what you need, you can pur
chase the regular flfty-ccnt nnd one-dollar bottles at the drug stores everywhere.
Don't make any mlstake, but remembor the nanio, Swamp-Root?Dr. Kllmer's
Swamp-Root, and the address, Binghamton, N. T., on overy bottle.
Sample Bottle of Swamp-Root Sent Free by Mall.
EDITORIAL NOTE?lf you havo the sllghtest symptoms of kldney or bladder
troubles or if there is a trace of it In your famlly hlstory, send at onco to Dr.. Kllmer
& Co Binghamton, N. Y? who wlll gladly send you by mall, lmmedlately, without
oost'to you a samplo bottlo of Swamp-Root, and a book containlng many of the
thousands upon thousands of testlmonlal letters recelved from men and women
oured. In wrltlng, bo sure to say that you read this genorous offor ln The Richmond
Daily Times-Dlspfftoh.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO WOMEN
AND ABOUT THE HOUSEHOLE)
By Marion Harland.
May I suggoat that "Patlent AYaltlng,"
who was swlndled by a fraudulont ad
vertlsemont, roport the case in detail to
the Fourth Asslstant PoBtmaster, Geno?
ral. Dlvlslon of Postofflce Inspeotora,
AVashlngton,. D. C? Glve namo of papoif,
date', sohd copy of the ad. it possiblo,
nlso any correspondence or clreulara
from tho flrm. It will cpst but a stomp,
nnd wlll probably save othors from loss.
There la a sllght poaslblllty that tho
company would rofurid the amount lf
warnod that the oomplalnt would other
wise bo mado. If elther "Patlent AValt
ing" or the ilrm ls in this clty I would
bo glad to look Into tho matter,
* POSTAL SERVICE.
No. 2.
Enclosed flnd newBpapor allpplng glv
ing aomo Informatlon asked of you.re
cently. I would llko to add that there
are thlrteon stripes on our glorlous flag
that has always gone t* vlotory wlth the
foroes of our country (excepUng that du?
ring tho dimoulty wlth Morocco and the
?war of 1812 our flag had Mteon ????s)'
Profossor 0. A, L. Totton, formorly
mllltary Jnstruotor at Yalo, roplylngr to
tho questlon of a Now Yorkor whethor 1903
ls to bo a luolcy or an unlucky yoar,
soys: "AVhot 1b tho mattor wlth olthor
Friday or tho nurabor thlrtoonf As to
Amerlca, lt bears thlrteon all ovor Ita
horaldry, and Friday haa boon lts chief
day (dlscovery of Amerlca, Beclaration
of Independonco, eto.), AVo havo. thlrteon
lettors ln 'E Plurlbus Unum,' tho motto
on our great seal. AVo have thlrteon thlr?
teon tlmes ropeatod on thnt soal. Toko out
a new sllvor quarter, lf you have ono left,
and count tiho thlrtoontha ovon on ita
obvorse faco. Mannassch was tho thir
teonth trlbo ln Israel, and wo aro tho
poople. Youra wlthout auporstMon.^ -
No. 8. .
I am glad to bo ot servlce ln tryirir to
help ?bll ornto tho foollsh Idoa of Friday
g unlucky day, God has given to
man "tho earth and tho fuUnesa thero
of" In Holy AVrlt thero are no speclal
days Bet asido for speclal purposoa, ox
cent tho Snbbath. Remomber the Sab
bath dnv ?? *?BP U W*i Slx W
shalt thou labor and do all thy work.
In foudnl tlmos, when men s heada
woro llkoly to "go into tho baakot at
nny tlme, thore was a buslnoBs methoo
adopted for Buch wholesalo slaughtor,
and Friday was tho day set apart for
tho boheadlng. This flnolly grew Into a
custom. whlch 'has descondod to tho proa
ont tlmo, hence FrJday Is hangman s day;
u, custom of mortals, not a day ao
cursed by God or angols. I eond a llnt
of a few memorahlo ovents; have eeen
one of consldernblo longth glvltig tho
cood thlngs thnt oocurred on Friday. I
hopo thla requost wlll brlng thnt forth
" Amerlca dlscovorod on Friday.
Mayflowor landed on Friday. ?
AVashlngton bom on brlduy.
Dattle of Watorloo fought on Friday.
Battlo of Bunkor fought on Friday.
Declaratlou of Indepondenco slgned on
Napoieon Ronnpnrte born on Friday.
Bastlle deatroyed on Friday. ?
Moscow burnod on Frldoy.
Ilattlo of Marongo fought on I'rtdny.
Jullus Caesar asHnaslnated on Friday.
Joan of Aro burned at stnlte on Friday.
Klng Charlos I beheaded on lTlday.
Llncoln aasnslnated on Friday.
Battlo of Now Otleana fought on
Friday. '_ ? ?
Slmkesponro born on Fridiiy.
Queen Vlctorla mnrrled on Friaay.
I. M. ttt
No. 4.
Ponr Madam: Aa I um a constant
reader of your columna I take the prlvl
lege to answor the query made by t.
V. S." In tho paper of January 3, 1903, ror
gardlng aurniuno of Queon Alexandra.
They aro aa follows: Prlucess Alexan?
dra Carollno Wftiio CharloUe Loulse Julle.
Bprn Doconjbw J, 18?4,un4jaarr|eaMaroU
10, 1863, to Prinoe Albert Edward of
Wales, born November 9, 1841.
A JU,?.NISH I*ADY.
No. 5.
I notlcod in your column to-nlght that.
a, membor of the Masonlo fraternity
naks tho names of tho Presidonta of tho
United States who wero Masons, and ln
roply would say that all the Presldenta
ao far aro membera of the A. F. and
A. M. / , M
Prealdent McKlnloy was buried with
Masonlo' rltea at Canton, and Prealdent
Roosovolt is a member of Oyster Bay
Lodgo, A. F. and A. M. Among other
noted Masons connected wltlh tno United
States hlstory are Paul Rovero and Ben
Jnmin Franklln.
If the member who asked this questlon
wlll wrlto to Goorge M. Moulton, most
worshlpful grand master of Ullnols, ho,
wlll be enlightened on tho supjeot.
Tours rospeotfully,
A M!ASON.
No. 6.
"FRIDAY NOTADAYOF ILLOMEN."
From tlme lmmemorial Frlday has been
frowned upon as a day of 111 oaion. And
though thls prejudioo is less prevalent
now than lt was of yore, when super
atitlon had goneral sway, yef thore aro
many oven ln thla matter-of-faot ago ot
ours who would hesltato on a day so
Inauaplcloua to bogln an undertaklng pt
momontous lmport. How many bravo
mnrlnors wlhoao hoarts unmoved couid.
meot tho wlldest fury of thoir ocean
homo. would blanch to ovon bend the
snlls on Frlday. But to show wlth how
llttle roason thla foollng ls lndulgod ln
lot us noto tho following facts ln our
own hlatory as a natlon, and we Amorl
cans need not drood the fatal day:
On Frlday, August 8, 1492, Christophor
Columbus sallod on, hls great voyage of
d On? l?rlday. Ootobor 12, 1493, he first dts
oovored land. '-:,-; . ? ,
On Frlday, January 4, 1493, he sallocl
on his return to Spaln, whldh it he had
not reaohed ln safoty. tho happy result
would nover have boen known whloh led
to the sottlement of thla vast continent.
On Frlday, March 15, 1493, he arrlved
at Palon In snfety.
On Frlday, Novombor --. 14W, no ar?
rlved at Illspanlola on hls socond voyage
t0OnmFr'lday. Maroh B, 1495. Henry VII
of England gnvo to John Cabot his com
mlsaloii whlch led to tho dlscovery of
ATWsCawns tho llrst American State
pnpor In Englnnd, ?r?i??H?=
On Frlday. Soptomber 7, 1568, Melondes
founded St. Augustlne, tho oldest aettle
ment ln tho United States by more than
f?On Frlday, November 10, 1620, the Mny
llowor, wlth tho Pllgrims, mado the har
bor of Provlnce Town, and on the same
duy ulgned that august compaot, the foro
runnor of our preaont Constltutlon.
On Frlday. Decembar 22. 1620. the Pll
grlins mado thoir ilnal landlng at Ply
mouth Rock. '
On Frlday, Fobruary 23, 1733, Qeorgo
Wnahlngton, tho Fathor of American
freodom, wna born,
On Frlday. Juno 16, 1775, Bunker IIU1
waa solsied and fortlllod.
On Frlday, October 7, 1777, the sur
rondor of Sarotoga waa made, whloh had
such powor nnd Influence ln induclng
Franoo to declaro for our cause.
On Frlday, Soptember 23, 1780, the trea
son of Arnold was lald baro. whlch saved
us from destructlon.
Ou Frlday, Octobor 19, 1781, the our
rendor of Yorktown, the crownlng glory
of American arms.
On Frlday, July 7, 1776, the motlon_ln
Congross was made by John Adams, se
oonded by Richard Henry Leo, that tho
Unltod Colonloa wero, nnd of rlght ought;
to be, free and Indopendont.
By thls unanlmoua examplo wa seo
that, however lt may ho wlth natlons,
America noed not dread to hegln on Frl*
day an undertaklng, no inattor how mo
inontous U max b? O, ?!? IV