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Daily Honolulu Pres-s, .Honolulu, II. I.
Advertisements must be handed In before 9 r. M., to
ensure prompt Insertion..
Arthur Johnstone, Editor and Prop' r.
SATURDAY APRIL 3, 1886.
The public are heicby notified that Ihe entile
subscription ami delivery lists of the Daily
Honolulu Press for Honolulu havebeenplaeed
in the hands of Mr, A. M, Mellis, who is hereby
authorised to collect all sums for subscriptions
now due this paper, or that may become due
after this dak. Orders for the PRESS can
either bt left at this office or be given to Mr,
Mellis.
The Friend, for April, has been laid
on our table. The opening article, en
titled "Christianity's Challenge," occu
pies the first page. A sketch of "John
B. Gough," the "Extinction of Kilauea,"
and the usual editorial notes occupy
two pages, while the last two pages of
The Friend proper are occupied with
church notices, "Hilo Correspondence,"
"Recollections of John B. Gough" by
William Noble, and an account of the
"Reception to Mrs. Mills," given at
Oahu College. The Y. M. C. A. de
partment is especially interesting. The
Hawaiian Board department contains
an account of "A Tour on Hawaii,"
and a short article on "Chinese Work."
The educational department contains
an interesting article on what will be
"The Resultant Language" ' in the Hawaiian
Islands, and the number closes'
with the usual educational notes and
monthly record.
It looks as if the silver question,
practically at least, will soon become
an international issue, in spite of the
repeated assertion that every nation can
legislate on the matter without commercial
and financial conflict. The
question as to whether or not
is crippling the commerce of
Great Britain, will only be a side issue
in case the question of international
competition springs out of the present
national conflict of financial systems.
Even in the United States the question
may, in one sense, be considered under
the international aspect, in as far as the
silver opinions of the great East and
the great West are at variance. Can
these great sectional differences be
harmonized in the United, States? If
the people of the United States find a
compromise for their differences, which
is quite probable, international competition
is more than likely to spring up
at once between the United States and
Great Britain. Suppose, for instance,
that the people of the United States
would determine, for commercial ends,
to demonetize silver for a period of ten
years, what would be the result ? The
best of authority states that "the result
would be such a collapse cf trade in
the old world that there would be a
scramble, especially in England, to
monetize silver." Suppose, again, as
has already been suggested, 'that the
United States should throw open her
Pacific ports, and trade freely through
them with all nations, while continuing
the existing tariffs on her Eastern seaboard.'
The result of such a policy, it
has been estimated, would be that
European manufactures could not be
profitably sent around the world to
make a free entry, but that on the
other hand the United States would
draw the tea, .rice, coffee, jute and other
trade from India and China in exchange
for the silver of Colorado, Nevada
and the rest of the Pacific Coast.
This course would virtually close the
Atlantic seaboard of the United States
with a protective tariff, while it would
fill the Pacific Ocean with an American
merchant marine, and would bring the
free trade of the Pacific into direct
competition with the free trade of England.
The late victory of the silver
men in the United States seems to
warrant such speculations as possible
in the future. The practical working
of siHi a policy would force England
to buy and monetize silver on a basis
of American values, would make the
silver question an international issue,
would partially remodel the financial
system of the United States, and would
be a conclusive argument in favor of
continuing the Hawaiian Treaty.
VISIT TO THE VOLCANO.
Cntuploto Report of tho Deputation of
Research.
Interesting Aooonnt of tho Deioont of
Rov E. P. Bakor Into
Hnloiunumau.
Republished by rcqucsf, owing to
the exhaustion of editions containing
early portions thereof, and enhanced in
value by a sketch of the crater, showing
the chasm.
An "art and historic party," consisting
of Messrs. Theo. Sevcrin, photographic
artist representing J. J.
Dan' Logan, editor of the Daily
Bulletin, and the writer, rcpiescnting
several interests, hastened from Honolulu
to the scene of Pcle's erratic
freaks on learning of the tccent disappearance
of volcanic activity and
of the lakes at Kilauea on the
night of March 6-7.
Knowing the deep interest felt in the
changes and freaks of Madame Pcle by
residents and visitors, I take-the liberty
of deferring, for the present, the narra
tion of my trip hither in its order of
sequence, and hasten to report what
the delegation of spies have found.
Various and contradictory reports
met the parties' enquiries at all points
and stations en route, and with fears
and misgivings we came into full view
of the crater of Kilauea, on the west
side, where the Kau road brought us,
in a steady, drizzling raint which, together
with the emissions from numerous
steam cracks and fissures, not only
sp-
Scadfc
CRATER OF
-. rfv
Sfrl
DAILY HONOLULU PRESS, SATURDAY, APRIL 3, 1886.
Approximate sketch, showing the large chasm in the main crater occasioned by the sub'
sidence of volcanic aclivity in Halemaumau and New Like during ihe night of March 6-7.
in the floor of the crater, but on its
sides and banks, so enveloped the
whole crater as to assure us of the presence
of fire. On reaching the Volcano
House we learned that this condition
had been observed now for several
days, and that fire could be seen in
various cracks. I have noticed that the
steam in the crater is very much less in
the early part of the day, but grows
more intense as the day wanes. There
has been no material change in the
sunken portion of the crater, except a
continual falling in of rocks and debris
from its banks, as the contraction from
its former intense heat loosened their
compactness and sent them huiling
some 600 or 700 feet below, giving
forth at times a boom as of distant
thunder, followed by clouds of cinders
and ashes shooting up into the air 100
or 300 feet, proportionate, doubtless,
to the sie of the newly-fallen mass.
Yet, notwithstanding this condition of
the huge pit or yawning chasm. Rev.
E. P. Baker descended into it on the
1 8th instant to within what he judged
to be fifty feet of the bottom. His
recorded experience in the Volcano
House records does not recommend
the feat to others at present, nor did its
appearance to the art and historic party
four days later impress us with feelings
of assured security.
Intense heat waves were found issuing
from two partly broken cones near
the brink to the west of Halcmaumau's
ruins, also from two broken domes in
front or north of the middle break,
while close to the edge of the northeast
portion of where New Lake stood
are two breaks where the heat is most
intense, and living fire cannot be far
from the surface. On the south rim
of the cavity, from which point we obtained
our first close view of the immense
pit, and where Mr. T. Severin
took his first in-the-crater view of it, the
guide set fire to his stick by inserting it
in a crevice not more than fifty feet from
where we were standing; so that vwe
had evidences of fire on all sides. The
source of the greatest activity being at
the New Lake side of the crater, and
evidently increasing, impi esses me with
the idea that when the clogged channels
of this subterranean fire becomes
sufficiently cleared the new outbreak
will occur in that vicinity. The bottom
and sides of Halemaumau are burned
to a lifeless mass; there seems to be no
section of fusible rock, and if 50, the
chances for viewing this interesting
phenomenon will be probably short
lived, for the fint molten lava in its
vicinity will hasten to fill it again tp the
brim.
11.
The party arrived at the Volcano
House via Punaluu, on the afternoon
of the 2 1st instant, and found the crater
and sulphur-banks completely enveloped
in steam as .reported above.
During the evening the rain ceased,
but the crater-bed and sunken lakes
emitted steam from their thousand
cracks and' fissures, so much as to ob-
struct the view of the field. The 2 2d
opened clear and with much less steam
from the many directions noticed previously.
After breakfast, accompanied
by Mr. J. II. Maby, manager of the
Volcano House, and the native guide,
the party set out for the day's observation
by going around to the bluffs on
the west side of the crater for a view
from the most elevated point; then
down onto a ledge abreast of
ruins, from which bank four excellent
photographic views were secured.
We then climbed back again
to continue our way southward, traversing
the banks of pumice, till we
reached a place free of boulders, where
we descended into the crater by jumps
and slides, and made our way to the
pit of destruction and desolation, obtaining
our first near view from the
south edge or bank, near seveial cones
that form (or formed) a principal feature
of the locality. Here much steam
and heat were observed. To the eastward
of this locality, and for a considerable
distance to the southward,
the bed of the crater is very much
broken and sunken. This point afterward
proved to have been the most
commanding for a view of the crater's
depth, and the detour around its west
and northern rim, to the northeast portion
of where New Lake stood, gave
us an opportunity to approximate the
extent of the vast chasm. In making
this detour we came upon two broker)
cones on tne western side, which gave
forth much heat but little or no steam.
These were found to be connected with
pipes or tunnels running in a northwesterly
direction from the pit, and
may have been blow-holes during the
time of activity in the lakes, iudeina
I from their shape and encrustations of
Vz ' imila
KILAUEA,
what remained of their orifices, but
now they simply emitted white waves
of heat. Both of these cones- were
broken into halves, with the southern
half standing. Later observations of
five others showed breaks in the same
direction in three, while the other two
were broken in more of a northwest
and southeast direction, but still with
the northern portion gone. This may
be coincident only, and yet it may have
an important bearing in aid of a solu
tion of the mysterious disappearance of
lava, especially when coupled with the
fact that the recent rents and fissures
run mostly in a northwesterly and
southeasterly direction from the Vol
cano.
Continuing our detour, we came to
the front or north rim, abreast of where
Halemaumau stood, and opposite
where we obtained our first brink view.
As there, so here, our artist secured two
excellent views of its characteristic
depth. It is difficult to convey a
idea of this monstrous pit, except
that it is naturally of an inverted-cone
shape, and in extent is of such a size
as would readily admit Punchbowl
turned upside down. From this point
we felt our way cautiously around to
the Little Beggar location, near the
New Lake. This had fallen in, or
rather dropped down into the New
Lake section, since the first great break,
but it was upright in position with its
northern half gone. The floating-island
phenomenon of New Lake was also
noticed to have settled down bodily in
the southern part of the lake.
Near this point, the southeast of
New Lake, was the greatest degree of
heat found, and in one of the broken
cones the red glow of molten lava was
seen. In another similar cone not far
distant from it, but where no glow was
seen, a shoe thrown in by the guide
blared in ten seconds
in.
The pit, as viewed from our several
points of observation, shows
to have sunk some 600 feet. Mr.
Maby states that previous to the collapse
on the 6th instant, the highest
point of Ilalemaumau's rim was on its
southern bank, known as Cathedral
Rocks, which, as seen from the Volcano
House, were higher than the tops
of the distant hills to the south of
Kilauea. They must therefore have
been about 200 feet higher than the
present rim of Halcmaumau's ruins.
The present height of the floor of the
crater, or caldera around the banks of
the chasm, ranges, by aneroid measurement,
from 300 to 325 feet below the
veranda oft the Volcano House, and
200 feet higher than at the base of the
bank, or foot of the path whereby
visitors generally enter the crater. This
height at the lakes, above the northern
edges of the floor of the crater, has
been growing up gradually foi some
time past, so that the overflows from
Halemaumau have been heightening
and extending the floor of the crater to
the south to a considerable distance
beyond its limits, as mapped by Brig-ham
in 1865, and cives the circumfer
ence of Kilauea to-day as probably not
less than twelve miles.
The rush of the lava from
drained off New Lake, which, in
its deepest part, seems but about 150
feet in depth. At the withdrawal ot
this bed of molten lava connecting the
two lakes, the roadway portion of the
bed of the crater which bridged the
two dropped down into the chasm,
with its incline toward the north and
east, leaving its highest and most
abrupt break on the Halemaumau side.
A peculiar feature of the chasm is that
what at a distance seems to be perpendicular,
solid walls, is the mos burnt-out
sections, a near view showing the
material to be a bank of riddish ash,
or sand nature, while the most crumbling
and shelving portiPii 0 itssides is
the lava rocjc masses of various sizes, but
mostly having a decidedly burnt-out
appearance. Ledge after ledge of rock
and debris have fallen, and they are
continually falling, until the view is obstructed
so that it is impossible to see
the point of greatest depth. This fact,
doubtless, gave rise to the report that
"you could not see the bottom," which
is true, but not in the sense that it is
bottomless. This general appearance
of lifeless ruins and debris with no sign
of fusibility among the rocks of the
fallen mass gave the impression, as
noted in my fust paper, that
would not again be the scene of
volcanic activity- Halemaumau will
likely be the receptacle of the future
lava flows from active spots to the east
and to the south that may gather sufficient
force for a new outbreak ere
long, as has been done on previous
occasions.
On the 24th and again on the 25th
I descended the crater for further oh
servations. At the last visit, in company
with Mr. J. S. Emerson, of the Government
Survey Department, we exactly
reversed the order of my first course of
travel, on Monday, the 22d. During
these visits I found the contour of the
lakes constantly enlarging, and the surface
or floor of the crater adjacent to
the places of heat constantly changing.
Near the edge of the chasm the floor
was chancing and breaking away, re
quiring more caution in our steps of
investigation. A few signals were
erected for future points of observation;
but the difficulty, and I may say the
impossibility, of near approach to any
part of the rim made the day's trip far
from satisfactory for our immediate
aims, yet the observations and discoveries
opened up a new train of ideas
respecting the probable direction of the
volcanic activity in Kilauea. At these
subsequent visits the cone wherein our
guide threw his shoe was found to have
caved in to a considerable extent, revealing
a tube or tunnel about ten feet
in diameter at the farthest break, but
increasing toward the lakes, with which
it was evidently connected. The funnel
ran in a northeasterly and southwesterly
direction. The eastern part
of the tube still emitted considerable
heat.
Respecting the shocks of eaithquake
reported by Mr. Maby and others on
the 6th instant, I fully agree with the
already expressed theory, that the
shocks were occasioned by the falling
masses of rock. The natural, first impression
to the mind would be that the
shocks occasioned the rents and the
falling in of the banks and bluffs of the
lakes; but visiting them reveals a sufficient
mass of fallen rocks to cause
and account for not only the shocks
and reports recorded by Mr. Maby at
the Volcano House, but to cause earth
tremors which could be felt at
The shocks of these falling cliffs
were doubtless sufficient to produce all
the fissures so far reported, and which
are confined, I believe, within a four-
mile radius across the crater of the Vol
cano. 1 am lea to this view irom the
fact that the shocks except those reported
at Kapapala were local, whereas
an earthquake, or series of earth
quakes, sufficient to hurl such masses
of rocks from theif beds would have
extended their vibrations with as much
or more severity than occurred in 1868.
But the mystery still remains, where
has the immense body of liquid lava
that filled these lakes and tunnels gone
to?
Interesting as Kilauea naturally is in
a state of activity, this periodic change
will give it a zest to tourists, and should
enhance considerably its interest to
scientists and students of nature.
T. G. Thrum.
Honolulu, March jo, 1886.
DESCENT INTO IIALEMAUMAU.
fCopicd from Volcano House Register by
permission of Mr. J. II. Maby.
Volcano House, Mar. 18, 1886,
to-day descended to within fifty feet
of the bottom of Halemaumau. The
very bottom is (or was at the time I
saw it) the copied surface of
lake. The space at the bottom
was very small indeed: only a
few feet square The sides of the immense
chasm have fallen in almost
uniformly all around ; the result being
that the stone sides of Halemaumau
may be (or could be) best likened to
the converging sides of a tunnel, which
come obliquely near together, leaving
only a small hole at the bottom. The
sides of Halemaumau were shooting
stones down to the bottom : so that
it would have been rather hazardous
for a human being to have gone down
to that small space to be shot at by
big boulders from all directions. The
aneroid I had wih me indicated the
depth I reached in Halemaumau to be
700 feet below the Volcano nouse,
the same aneroid indicating the depth,
below the Volcano House, of the portion
of the floor of Kilauea, which the
trail first touches, to be 450 feet. L
sav no redness of fire in Halemaumau
l
The bottom of the former New Lake
is far, far shallower than that of
the bottom of the new lake
being only a little lower than the level
of the bluff where the traveler starts
to descend Halemaumau.
On Wednesday, March 17th, I
crossed KilaUea, ascended the southern
rim of the crater and went straight
to Puukolli j a red hill which travelers
going from Kilauea to Kapapala descry
on the left (the first we thus descried).
No sign of any issuing smoke
ffftuld be seen in any direction. The
whole region was in its usual condition.
The steam cracks were feebly smoking
as ever. When is Ihe lava which has
departed from Kilauea? Echo answers,
"Where !" Some future report
from the Puna scacoast may give answer.
Meanwhile we can think of it
as having entered and cooled in underground
cavities and channels. No
one should dogmatize ; but the experience
of 1868, along with the fact that
the fires of Kilauea are not known to
have found vent in an other place,
gives fair reason for hoping, perhaps
believing, that these nrcs win return to
their old hearth-stone.
The earthquakes of Saturday evening,
March 6th, are believed by Mr.
Maby (manager of the Volcano House)
to have been produced by the falling
of huge rock-masses into the emptied
lake chasms of Halemaumau and New
Lake. This can hardly be otherwise
The falling and crushing of huge rock
masses down the sides of
must have been simply awful.
Locomotion among these Titanic fragments
was fairly frightful. Thc4 descent
into Mokuaweoweo of some
months ago I found to be rather less
dangerous, on the whole, than to-day's
descent into Halemaumau.
Edvvd. P. Baker.
Atrial itotkes.
A Splendid Opportunity.
LODGING HOUSE, COMPLETE,
A with all modern improvements, for sale
at vi ry reasonable terms.
Fur particulars apply to
C. K. MILLER.
Wanted.
YOUNG LADY DESIRES HOARD
A and lodging in a private family, where
she can have the use of piano.
Apply at tins ollice.
Notice.
PUBLIC ARE HEREBY
THE that on and after this date Mr. C.
K. Miller will attend all my business under
full power of attorney.
CHAS. U. WILSON.
Honolulu, March 29, 188O. 179-im
Rest forthe Weary.
THE OFFICE or C. K. MILLER'S
AT
Business Agency can be seen two of the
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C. K. MILLER,
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Ready for Business.
THE STORES ON FORT STREET,
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C. K. MILLER,
Business Agent.
Notice.
THE QUARTERLY MEETING OF
the Pklss Puhmsiiinc. Co. will take
place, at its office, on Thursday, April jSth,
at 10 o clock a. M.
THOS. S. SOUTHWICK,
Secretary.
Hawaii Nei, Farewell!
EASY INVESTMENT. On account
AN
of departure from these Islands, a good,
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Call on, or address, for particulars,
C. K. MILLER,
43 Merchant St., P. O. Box 113.
Mirch 9, 1886. 162.1m
Removal.
MRS. THOMAS LACK has
removed her FANCY GOODS,
SEWING MACHINE and FIRE ARMS
DEPOT from No. 79 Fort street to No. 70
Fori street, corner of Merchant, ( where she
will be pleased to receive her friends and
while waiting the building of ner new
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Wanted.
BACK NUMBERS OF THE DAILY
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viz: September 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, and
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Propks. Dailv Honolulu Press,
Honolulu, Feb. 11, 1886.
Furnished Rooms.
Conveniently and NEATLY FURNISHED
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Notice to Business Men.
FURNISHED THE
SUPPLIES
Home will not be piid for except
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estate. S. B. DOLE,
Trustee of the Lunalilo Estate.
Honolulu, January 15, 188O.
NEATEST JOB PRINTING
excuted to order at the 1'KESS office,
cnccitl Jvbbcttiocmcttts.
SPMNG SEASON 1886.
UJ5
OPENING
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DAYS
French Pattern Bonnets, New Straw, Goods,
Ribbons, Trimmings, Flowers,
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March 27tti, 29th and;30tli
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CHAS. J.
Corner Fort and Hotel Sts.,
177
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SEHVyDBD. ,
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JTEJ'WIQJL.EraS,
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Have just received per "Mariposa" the most ele.
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And ornaments of all Wnds.
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Also, just opening this day,
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nDEtST COME-FIRST
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- HHNUCACTUBEKS OF
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Aoratod. Waters of All Kinds,
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Careful attemloa paid to Islands Orders, Address,
'TIIEJ CRYSTAL SODA WORKS,
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