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THE TIMES, WASHINGTON, SUNDAY, DJSCEMBEIl 5, 1897.
"Utemiy StutesiEe-'.and Ct'aert '
A perceptive young Americau ivnu has
engaged hi'i.telf in the consideration ot
fec-riou po-puges and high-minded per
sons i Mr Norman Utpgood. He s one
or ;i few of our writers, anil of a very few
of our psxnyiMis, whonre conceded voice and
gtveuth- toleratmu or ear in England. This
nuv not be Cciidnsire, but it Is flattering;
l.. Mr. Hnpgood. He has not. howevr.
beiii ivMmat honor at home. His writings
liave been accorded general piaic. and
Comparison la raised him lo high places.
"Literary Statesmen, and Others'' is a
volutin- -f hi essaj-6 wliicli wore written
during the pa three jears and doubtless
reflect in the selection the opinion of the
autl.,i as to what ho believes is his repre
semalive work most wort livof permanency
In the eig'-d. essays lie devote himself to
a varlotvof persons .uul to a couple of top
ics. The title is taken from tins thiee lit
erary smtcsnuM. Lord Ro?eIery, John Mm
ley and Mr. Balfour discussed in tint first
three essays. The fie other, are devoted
to Stendhal, Mciinieeas aCiltie, Au.e11c.1n
Art Criticism, American Cosmopolitanism
and Ilwrj James. There is breadth liete
fiirffctanl to engage the most catholic and
cosmopolitan thinker.
Tlie first few page of any of Mr. llap
jyiod"8 writings briii; to the render tlie ini-prr-hn
tliat he is ptolound. seholarlv,
IrerriiaM and incisive. Peiiian there
flumes with it a suspicion that he is in
volved, and mat itnpejches tne first be
lief Longer and nmre inliinnle acquaint
rmw dilves the dirricutiy. and patience
liring' certified credence in his erudition,
the l gtcal thoughtfiiliics of nil lie bays.
ti? stability of his ideas and opinions, but
ooiifinnatiuii of the stylle weakness, m-WltinJit-
lite diction is freighted vVith
tlie conception a the wrrtei has seen it.
It it clear to him, und he has not taken the
bnuMe Uj examine whether it will always
be cie.- rjwnnother. A second glance brings
mHh "-standing of tlie idea expressed, but
destroys the placid enjoyment of the
writer's saouence and begets, eventually, a
fretting inquietude.
Thre are ouie staple argument'! In favor
o tue philosopher who secrete his treasures
against rhppaut runners upon the sur
faea, ami some stock ridicule against
those wlK) ask for gold without dicing;
n" -r. o. (
lMitUieoblectof an essay is enlightenment, I
ft,... .... ., ........ i.. ti. m.,..r..
xv ic, im.iuuiif ix jtoiuiv ii. t.,T, iiL.,ivj i
tournament, and Emcinm, Lowell, Lang
and others, into whose company Mr. Hap-
good's present achieme:its lend promise J
that he may one day com?, have nothesi
tated, in garbing their thoughts, to mak.
concessions to tlie convenience of their
audience. From this it must not be gath
ered tiiac Mi. llapgood lacks correctness
or capacity In English. But his ttyle
Is the least of his charms, when it might
with care be made more attractive. He
fclight tlie expletive possibilities of the
apparently insignificant comma, and sac
rifices a mrfaee smoothness in the ar
rangement of words to technical preclse
neas. In fact. It is in the arrangement
aud not at all In the choice of words that
we find his weakness.
The most interesting of these essays,
subjectively- ts that in which is discussed
the influence of cosmopolitanism. There
Is an Impression in tlie budding generation
of aesthetic endeavorers that there is no
Etimulnnt or inspiration in Amerknn en
vironment. The whole evllls concent rated
In tills pithy declaration, that thee young
rtruggters for the arti6tlc "overemphasize
what they get hold of, from a deficient
sense of permanent values." To those
who fret under restricted c mjtttons he
points out very properly that perfect free
dom of opportunity weakens as many as
It develops; to thetnan wbobas lived thirty
years In an American metropolis and hates
It, he can only offer the rebuke of his
own example.
Unfettered imagination-is not deplorable,
even when ultimate circumstances appa
rently restrict Its enjoyment. "The youth
w1k forsevera I years 1ms roamed unfettered,
talking art and literature, studying what
lie liked, dreaming st distant cue, is
often for few years after graduation an
unhappy creature and a forlorn spectacle;
l)Bt when he does turn from his dreams of
othei things toan effort lo find beauty and
Inter-sst iu what; Is forced upon him. h finds
more than he would have done without the
oxperieiu-e-" A final offering of conso
lation on the point of cosmopolitanism Is:
It is a good education, the cosmopolitan
training and instinct: a good Influence for
us, a refliiment, a stimulant; but most of
us w-t)o oemiot have It should not take the
deprivation aa an essential one- Moreover,
and more Important from the general point
of view ir not from that of the individual,
the liKMt interesting men are not made by
cosmoiwibtaii training. They grow out or
the soil.
Tills is a modification of the pleasant
theory of personal development unassisted
by extriosws. With acquirement comes the
HmitHttonsof the. thing acquired. There Is
HttMitnied possibility if we go al'out eai
Dely to nurture and develop It. TlK-greai
e-ttecbrsoHii but impart a few facts, a
few generalizations, and teach us liow to
study Then the problem Is within us In
Jteetf and in it solution. The greatest men
nave nut merely grown out of the soil; they
Imvc pxivrn out of pelf Cosmopolitanism.
In Its, Jlaer and truer significance. Is ex
tremely rare. It usually exist merely as a
feat of acquirement.
M r. UatigooUijuucc hi the Roseuery essa v
Femc if the ex-premier's literary ac
cromiMlshments which ir inuycasiH be be
lieved have eMped those wiio know the
young lord only over tlie cable. And more
Intimately than that he is not generally
kmiwn iu America. Mr. John Mcricy he
Ekewhcs gn ptiicatlym a single paragraph,
having caught deflnitel the most distin
gtrishfug quality of that statesman, his
distinctness. "Mr. Morley ha& no details.
he has no blurred edges, no puzzles. To gain
a position of Influence In politics, and to
ubttnrc hlinseif a pjace in criticism, with
out the aid of instinct f,r .-lotion, charm
of style, persiinal wit, or eloquence, he has
eertainlykept hlsgifts employed at a higher
rate t,T interest than is earned by most
men of as few .talents.'' Mr. Balfour
he studies entirely from his "writing,
pleading that "the style Is the man."
In then; and tlie other essays the appeal
Is strong U intellectual appreciation. Mr
llapgood brings no strikingly new or im
portant messages, but he is so palpably
earnest, profound, capable of more, and
wealthy In almost positive possibility
that his work must be received re rerently
and gratefully. It has the genuine ring;
the thoughts stimulate, the opinions carry
weight; his text may be reverted to
profitably; and, above all, and after all,
there is the lingering inclination to turn
again toibs-princsofso much san'thnught.
(Chicago: H. t. Stone & Co. "Washington:
Brenlnuo. i.B0 )
Education aud Life.
There arc certain facts in life which
we are apt to appreciate in their large
ness, but not to credit for their full sig
nificance. One of these facts is the im
portance to wlilch colleges and collegiate
lnfluenoe have grown in every phase of
our Intellectual, professional, aud, rela
tively, domestic life. The general Idea of
thla condition Impresses us in a vague
way. but there lias been absent any
derinlteue,sr in the study, and appreciation
t Ylln nlahnfnlu nnll,.t- - . .
an unfortunate deficit, which ,
ous works on college Mibjects by Dr.
Charier, Franklin Thwing have done much
to overcome.
Dr. Thwing is the president of "Western
Reserve College.atCleveland, and lilsstudi.'S
on tills subject have been more extensive,
judged by the Informing character of his
numerous works, than any other writer.
Ills last work Is "Tlie American College
in Airerieau Life," It is a book of
large tcopc uul proportionate scholarship.
The pages contain extensive studies in the
relation of colleges to life, the conditions,
the aids and hindrances, the influences and
resultants of modern collegiate education
in tie utilitarian light. Precedent loan
uudei .standing of these discussions one
must have an acqualnta nee with the giowth
and the influences hearing on the grovih
of American colleges.
Tills Dr. Tliwlng imparts In an intro-
ductorj mono? rnph full of research, com
parative study and interestingly-stated con
clusions. The histoiy of college education in Amer
ica he divides into three periods. The first
begau with the foundation U" Harvard in
163C; the second was cotiicideat with the
dose of the Revolutionary war, and the
third began two generations ago with the
beginning of the second quaiter of this
century, and is still In progress. These di
visions are governed by the Influences
l wmcii were dominant ami cnaraeter-oiic
of each. The first period is willrd the ec
clesiastical period, the second the pj
lltical, the third the human: and ho de
scribes each period in respect to the source
whence certain of its stronger influences
arose; the first as the English; the se.-owi
as the French; the third as the German.
The English 01 ecclesiastical period pto
duccd the o'dei universities in which di
vinity was the principal atudy, as in tlie
English models. Not only was .he col
lege governed by the clergy, but In the
seventeenth century 5" pei cent of the
graduates of Harvard entered the minis
try, und or the flr.t thirty eight graduates
of Yale twenty five, or 75 pet cent, en
tered the minl.stiy In the eighteenth ecu
tury J9 percent of Harvard graduates inl
-10 per cent of Yale graduates became mln
Isters.
With the close otjncvolntionary war
the allegiance and tyipathy of litis coun-
. ... r- ,,. .., .....,.. ... ,..
"J "". "" ! '-
France haa been our warmest ally, and
the close relations between the two coun
tries were especially conspicuous In the
Impress which French influences had on
college life. Though the sequence seems
to have been inevitable, it was uot benefi
cent. Tho records show, according lo
our author's researches, that there never
A-a a time when the principles ami vices
which are frequently denominated French
had so large an influence as at the open
ing of Ui2 present century. The students
of that time were defiant of authority, in
conduct immoral, and in religion skeptical.
Certain students of Yale at this time called
themselves by th2 names of coaspicuousfr;c
thinkers of Trance.
The reaction came wltn the burning out
ot the fii st flames of French flamboyanov.
There bogan at the termination of the first
quarter of the century, a period not jet
closed, "which deserves an epithet no less
broad ir.nn the word human. The college
has become In this period an ageacy for
preparing Its students foi lire. Its purpose
Is no less than the fitting of a mau to
achieve all the purposes which he may
worthily set before himself. A boy who
comes to college conies not so much ro fit
himself for a profession as to become a
large and complete man."
Perhaps this is true of a portion of the
present period, but the growth during
the last fifteen years has undoubtedly
been toward specialization. Courses are
largely elective now, and a young man
makes up his mind generally before lie
enters college what profession or tr.ile
he wishes to fit himself for. and he finds
in well-equipped seats of learning specific
opportunity for fitting him for bpeciflc
lines or study. The college in the group
ing of Its advantages presents the possibil
ity of a completeman, but it is approached
by students who seek only portions of
Its advantages.
German influence, through philosop'iy
and science, has been the most Impressive
factor in this country's history of col
legiate expansion. Jot before this pe
riod do we iind that Americans went to
Germany to study. In 1S30 four Am.'ri--cans
were registered in German univer
sities; in 1SP1, tlie number was 44G. It
Is at present about COO. Edward Everett,
George B&ncrort, Joseph Cogswell, Robert
Patton, George Tlcknar, and Henry W.
Longfellow weal to, pott hi gen, and thec
and others brought,hack and disseminated
ideas and influences wiich have been, j-nd
still are, great. Men of German education
are found prominent in all our colleges.
Not only has the German ascendancy
been the work of our own students abroad
liut German scholars, obliged to leave their
native land or coming oluiiiariiy, as the
elder Agassi;:. Charles Theodore Zollern
and Beck, have had a large influence on
higher education -
Lord KelMit haa said that ''nothing can
be clearly understood until we can expref-s
it in figures," and Dr. Thwing adduces
some figures to controvert the fear often
&.prcascd that the materlalismandcom.n.'r
cialism of the time are causing the college,
for things of the mind, to lose influen e.
One Is surprised to learn that among the
21,000 people who, between 1620and 10-io,
came to New England, qnd among their
descendants for tin following fifty yean,
there were as many college graduates as
could be found in any population of sim
ilar size in the mother country.
At one time In Massachusetts and Con
necticut c,ery group of 250 people nad
one graduate of Old Cambridge. In addi
Hon there were several of Oxford. But,
figuies of later periods are involved and
questionable. As a basis of comparison
the years 1830 and 1890 are taken.
The f owner date represents a great
awakening in American education. It
marks the beginning of a decade In which
moie colleges were founded than were
founded in all the previous decades of our
educational progress. , At that time the
United States had forty-six colleges, a
total population of nearly thirteen millions,
and a student body of 4,000. There were,
therefore, abou- thirty-two hundred persons
in the entire population for each student.
In the colleges which now make a report
to the Bureau of. Education are nearly
47,000 students.
The population, according to the last
census, was 02,622,250 persons. There ar,
therefore, now 1,3-47 persons to each col
lege student. That Is to say, the population
of the country was four and one-half imes
aslargein 1890 as In 1830, but the number
of college students was more than ten times
as large. The history of the American com
monwealth and of American education is
simply tho history of the application of
the principle that material thiugs precede
the intellecfual. So we may expect that
the proportion of' well-trained men will In
crease with the age or the community.
Two ot the most significant tendencies of
the present period of education are the -id-vent
of women Into a sharing of colligi itc
advantages and the importance given to
athletics. t the present time one-fifth of
all our college students are -women!
leSS . MSVLSS
women into better wives or worthier moth
erH, but it has been the bame purpose
which prevails in the higher euucatloti of
men. When Matthew Yassar founded the
first college for women, his purpose- wus
simply to ofler to women the name ad
vantages wldch iouugmen were receiving.
The college for women receives each
woman both as a wemau and as a hu
man being; and it receives her in order to
train her for the largest life. And it does
train her for this life. The American
college has helped American women to get
sireugtn without becoming priggish, and
vigor of Intellect without becoming cold;
it has helped them to become rich In
Knowledge without becoming peuantlc;
bioad in sympathy without wanting n pub
lic career, and large-minded and broad
minded without neglecting humble duties.
The American coMcko tms helped women
toward doing the highest work, by the
wisest methods, with the richest results.
Of the prominence of athletics in college
lire, Dr. Thwing soys:
It illustrates the width of the humaii
intercuts which have entered Into college
lire. Tln collegp has become svmp.iUrvuc
wiih the community in the athletic
revival. Each graduate knows that his
success In life depends not upon any one
single power, but upon the t elation which
many powers bear to eaoli other. Ho also
knows that lie has the treasure of his i
Intellect m the earthen vessel of his body.
His Judgment, therefore, Impels him to
give to his body the discipline adequate
to the efficient working of his mental
faculties. Athletics represent the train-
wife JSv Wp,
S. H. CROCK FfT.
Ing of an important part of the whole
man for life's service.
A more consuming question than any
other involved iu the relation of the col
lege to life is that of overproduction of
educated men. The opinion of so emi
nent a thinker In this line us Is the
author of this book bhould be ol weight:
The fear is often expiessed that the
world has too iii.inj educated men. 'J he
fear is more otteii entertained in reler
ence to Germany. The expression gives
ground for the question 'jco many for
what.' Too main to make lawyer, or
orators, or clergymen, or editors.' cer
tainly, the niiinuer of oratort, or of cler
gymen, or of lawyers, or ol euuors may
exceed the demand. Too many, so that
nSL L " , "rl,Br, .iU,0i?J. i
1c be asked, should nut colleee eruduates
become mechanics and fjirmeis.' Does not
a college education aid a mechanic or a
farmer? Pity on the education and on
the graduate that it does not I But edu
cation, be it ever said, is not designed
to make members of a certain ilk or pro
fession. It is designed to make men. It
is designed to help each man to find
ana to make life Interesting, xvo! There
cannot bean oversupplv ol educated men.
There can be no absolute oversupply of
any good thing. We cannot educate too
many man; neither can we educate men
too much. Can humanity become too good,
or too able, or too learned, cr too rea
sonable? ( New York: G. P .Putnam's Sons. Wash
ington: Breutano. $1450.)
"The Keiituclthins."
John Fox Jr.'s, new story, "The Ken
tucklans," had many readers while it
appeared serially in Harper's, but it i&
bound to have an Independent and mt.ch
wider aud'tnee now that it Is reprod iced
in book form. It, own inherent strength
and charm, active iu the admiring impres
sion It leaves upou every reader, .vltl impel
it. It is a book to lie read with delight
and recommended in tlie charitable spirit
involved in the maxim that It is good to
give. The numerous person who is con
tinually abroad asking for something it. od
to read will find he Is receiving sound advice
from him who tells him to read "The
Kentuckiaiii' "
The pleasure found therein is not in the
surprise of us excellence, for Mr. Fox has
denoted already In ''A Cumlicrland Ven
detta" and Hell Ter Sartain" tnat he
possesses theendow ments from which str .ng
fiction is produced. There are ne powers
expanded which denote a crescendo In
thenolsa ha Is to make in thelitcrary world.
In the superficial sense ot the word it is
not merely a story. Facts alone woven into
a sequential plot, cumulative in interest
and concentiated in a climax, are not its
most absorbing qualifications. It is a
study. An introspective glance into the
working of the minds and hearts of two
persons whom life has drawn into a vortex
with a thud, from environing influences
very different in each case. One is the
polished son of an aristocratic Bluegrass
family, with ancestral pride, civilizing in
fluences fiom birth, a polished modern
gentleman. The other is a man from the
mountains, from the feud-land, a bou of
the strange people, proud, hospitable, good
hearted, crude and murderous.
These two men met in the political arena
at Kentucky's capital. They are not only
political rivals, but each is in love with
tho governor's daughter Anne, a sweet
character. Mr. Fox has in thern a pair
of heroes. Each is indeed a hero, with all
the marks of integrity, of rerined ir primi
tive manhood; rough in the grain or pol
ished, we are forced to admire both. He
docs not spin an endless narrative of what
they do; he searches their hearts and minds
and lajs bare their character and thoughts.
In this he has accomplished a great work.
The contrast is defined, and the appealing
points of each man are strikingly illumi
nated. In a retroactive manner it distin
guishes Mr. Fox as a novelist, and not
merely n story-teller, for he underbtands
natui e, character, and humanity, and has
the gift of placing it before his reader
with the same vividness which it possesses
for him. (New York: Harper & Bros. Wash
ington: "Woodward & Lothrop. $1.25.)
S. It. CrocRett'is "LoclHiivai-."
Admirers of S. R. Crockett will find oc
casion for neither surprise nor disappoint
ment in his new story, "Lochinvar.'' It
is just what we might; expect of him after
the assuianoe his other writings have given
of the stability of his capacity for fine
romautto fiction. He gives every indication
that he is in the plenitude of his powers
and graces as a constructionist and car
rator, but it would be venturesome to saj
of one who has given so much that Is
Eustalnedly good that he has readied his
zenith. Mr. Crockett has written -,t least
one other atory as good an "Lociilu jar.
He will probably write several more of
equal excellence. It could only be In the
production of a singularly magnificent
epoch-making piece of fiction that he
could eclipse his own standard.
The story begins prettily on an estate in
the south of Scotland in the seventeenth
century, when the second J.itnai was on
the thione of England, and one's ambition
was to give nu suspicion of comm.mioii with
"the whigs of the hills." The daughter of
the house of Balmaghie, Kate McGhie,
loved, and is loved of, "Wat Gordon, some
times Called Lochinvar, a prescript. A de
signing woman separates them in the pro
logue, but late d-JiwH them together after
thrciyearsln Holland. in the city if Amcrs
fort. This ii not the end ot the story; it is
butthebeghinlng. PersecuMonii'avcdiiven
the Scots from home, and here .ire found the
men in military service and tho women
faithful tothem. The anctem love between
Kate and Wat reasserts itself, but the
! course thereof is smooth In the Inverse ratio
of its fidelity and depth. The fortunes of
war separate them, and other lesourees of
the Imaginative romancer are employed to
keep the Interest centered upon the pov
sible outcome, which is never for one mo
ment iu doubt.
Lochinvar is a fine lovable specimen of
rugged manhood, romantic heroism, and
gallant levor. Nothing daunts him. Hit
braery dares anything when his hem
hears the call of duty, his country and hi
sweetheart. Kate or Balmaghie, or th
dark laslies, is an Meal lats, unserving ol
Wat, as he is deserving uf her. Many of her
characters group al"Out these; brave men
and true, knave, cowards and. traitors.
Some of them are familiars f rom Mr.Croek
ett's other novels and they are survivors
the reader is gratified to meet again
Thfcrc glows through aint.e-es an at-"
fiiosphcreortheuld-fasbfoned love romance.
with all Its sincerlt"- and almost naivete
which itlsdebclousto encounter after much
of the artl'Ieiality which is forced uron
the render nowadays. 'New York: Har
per .'c Bios. Washington: Woodward &
Lothrop.)
Eifilish Schoolhoy Life.
The English publlcschool and the smaller
American college are almost Identical
In scope. Here the public school is Tree,
'in England It is noti Here it is primary.
In England it is preparatory Tor the uni
versity. They have their prototype In
ourAndovcr,Exeter;St.Paur.s,andGioton,
JOHN
but to boa graduate of Winchester, Eton,
or Rugby means vastly more than to
have passed through the American prepara
tory schools.
''Schoolboy Life in England," as seen
and written bj- John Corbin, presents to the
schoolboys of this and the survivors of the
last gcneiation a picture and commentary
on a topic which must be of interest to
persons of intelligence. He is a graceful
writer and his narrative is-at once interest
ing by reason of its pleasant diction, as
well aft on account of the subject-matter
which he has gathered with attention to its
Importance and lelatlve interest. Mr. Cor
bin studied the subject In England among
the schoolboys of whom he writes, but as
an American and for American boys ho
writes fioma strictly. American standpoint.
The text is rewritten from a series of arti
cles which the same writer contributed to
Harper'B Round Table.
He observed that the result of an Eng
lish school education: waa:to make a man
surprisingly solid In, character and at tho
same time surprisingly simple and natural.
-. MBIT '
l Jill A
The Oxouian has a firmer knowledge of
himself and of the world of men than the
Harvard man, and at the same time a
greater measure of the spontaneity and
exuberance natural to youth. These con
siderations led him to the charming and i
valuable studies which he has made. The
text recites many amusing customs of
great antiquity, the manner in which the
boys are governed and their athletic life:
it compare? the English and American
school, not always to the advantage of the
foreign Institutions, some ot which were
founded before the day or Will Shakespeare;
and it inslsu logically on the importance of
secondary education. The book is pre
eminently a readable one, as Mr. Corbiti is
a readable writer.
His publishers have been most generous
in making the book. It Is beautifully
printed and bound, and the numerous illus
trations divert the eye and add to the pho
tographic impression or the narrative. It
has the permanent value or a thorough
study or n Interesting subject and the
temporary recommendation ot being a
bcautirul gift book. (New York: Harper &
Rros. "Washington: "Woodward & Loth
rop. Si. 25. )
Xevv Journeys in Spain.
Traveling 'With a Pessimist hi Spain''
,is not Jtpjtwhnt it would appear to be at
first glaiicj).- Of course, it would be a
sad sorter job If the Pessimist had hor
own way, but she Coca 'not in Mary F
Nixon's account of her peranibuiati ins
through the land of the castanet. Miss
Nixon Is an optimist, a'nd the Pessimist
only acoomiuided. her for companionship
and contrast. Inft fact, he is nowhere
so conspicuous a& in the title and the
frontispiece of this, book. From the
Optimist's point of view, it could not be
otherwise, ror in tho paths or their travels
there was found nothing for her to expand
her pessimistic comments upon. Every
thing appe ils to a traveler in bunny Spain.
It is unique, picturesque, and thoroughly
attractlve to American eyes.
Miss Nixon's book Is au easy, picas mt
account of two American women's pere
grinations irom Gibraltar to Montsrrat
An amaAlng amount of description and
information is gathered without the slight
est suspicion on the part of the reader
that he Is icceiving it, for the author wraps
It tip in humor and tucks It away in di
verting Utile discussions, and plays a
dozen kindren tricks wlilch give her book
Its most alluring charm. The impres
sions are all vividly given, yet one cannot
say nt any point in tlie reading, nor at the
end, that he has beer, conscious rf , the
disagreeable paiaphrasa-of-the-guide-l ook
errect, of which this n.uratlve has all the
informing virtues and none of the tedious
icsults.
'l iio itinerary taken by the Perfbimibtan.l
ncr friend, the chronicler, leads along most
ut tho beaten paths, but into many byways
with which the reader cannot complain that
helsove.-famlliar. orcourse.itwouldbeno
ourucy through Spain at all if it didn't
reach Cadiz, Seville, Cordova, Toledo and
Madrid. But when the Optimist Is uot
llscovering neglected places of interest
in other tra ehr-s' paths, she is leading the
Pessimist to side trips rarely descnled.
fhcre are the boa utlf ul Geralife in Granada:
the territory rrom Alcazir to Toledo,
madef-imoiis by theaceountsof El Hidalgo
D-.n Quixote de la Mancha; Aranjuei, ths
erstwhile bent of the medievalSpanlshcourc
and the terminal or starting point of the
first Spanish railway; Segovia, with its
great aqueduct. Burgos, the birthplace or
she Cld: Zarngo7a.in whose dungeon of La
Torreto '11 Trovatore," Leonora's lover,
was confined, not to mention its leaning
tower, and many other place.-, fullof novelty
and charm.
Mi8 Nixon'.s iKXjk proves oue thing, and
It Is that mt all the writers before her. who
have helped to familiarize the uiitravelecl
with Spain, haveexhaustedthebyway.sand
higli,way.s. "wjierc 0ne may journey with
continually .stimulated interest (Chicago
A. G. McCIurg At Co. Washington: Bren
tano. $I.r0.)
Two Beautiful Calendars.
"A C .e.iidnr or Modern Society," modern
society being illustrated by Hal Hurst, a
member ot the Gibson school, is quite
a largo calendar and quite a
pretty cue. It contains six pictures of
the model n girl and the modern man, and
the conceptions are happy and the draw
inggood. Exception might be taken to the
fact thai the bicycle girl appears to have
donned a riding habit in which to go
a-wheellng, but one may be thankful that
she is not, like the usual bicycle girl of
FOX; JH;
the pictures, In bloomers or knickerbockers.
A calendar which will go straight to
the heart of every maiden who ever loved
"Lucille," and which it should be tho
instant desire of her favorite young man
to buy for her Christmas present, is the
"Lucille Calendar," gotten up In colors,
with quotations from the poem. There
are twelve exqulsltely-drawn and tinted
pictures toy Madeleine Lemairo of scenes
from this classic of the fifties, and tho
low-necked gowns, flounces, mantles and
soft bandeaux of hair worn by the Mere
dith heroine are charmingly portrayed, to
gether with, the high collars and quaint
coats and trousers worn by the hero, and
the whole is tied up with pink ribbon.
The pictures are of a sort to carry middle
aged people back to tho days of their
youth in a dream, and fascinate young
people with the ghosts of bygone days
and the scent of long-dead roses, and the
muslOjOf operas that were passo a genera
tion since.
(New xork: Frederick A. Stokes Co.'
Washington: "William Ballantyue &1 Sons.)
LITERARY NOTES.
It was fortunate for Kentucky and for
story lovers and for John Fox, jr., though
the blesslncr came disculscd. when the
rapacious demands of New- York journalism
biokeaway the health of the young Harvard
man and made a Journey South an impera
tive necessity. He left the seat of hopes
he Knew of and journeyed hi to a laud whose
promises were not In his ears. There seem
ed a chance foi recuperation In riie high
Cumberland Mountains. Incidentally he
devoted himself to the management or an
Investment company. Leisure drew him
Into contact with tho pa'e, listless, mel
.iiicholy uealurcs, "the dust from the
chariot whcelsef colonial civilization, thrown
higU upon the hills more than aceuturyago
andjiavlng remained untouched by modern
Influence."."' Mr. Fox descended to theli
soeial sphere and drew from them the most
hidden aspects of their character nd ftfe.
As a result of his observations he has pro
duced some of the strongest stories of re
cent years About four years ago theO-n-tury
published "A Mountain Europa" find
Mi. Fox wab ut o'ice a prominent figure
among contemporary literary producera
Haipers then published "The Cumberland
Vendetta" and "Hell fer Sartain" stories.
"The Ker.tuckians" is his last story, and
his lo'igest. It has been prettily said:
The Kentucky mountaineer Is passing
away. The bell anil the whistle of modern
machinery sounded his deuthkiifcll ten years
ago. ith him will perish the blood feud,
themanur.ictureof moonshine, and thepltl
rul.lingeringdeathwhlcli he called life; but
his early phases or lire and character, as
portrayal by the young Bluegrass novelist,
will preserve for us a type or manhoon or
which our newer, mightier civiliAitiou will
not need to be ashamed.
The short account of the "History or
the Atlantic Monthly," which appeared
recently in the fortieth anniversary lum
ber is reprinted as the preface to a booklet
or complimentary tilings, which the i.iess
have been faying or this splendid periodi
cal. Ten t ft lie fourteen authors who made
tne principal contributions to the first num
ber were Motley, Ingfellow, Emer-on,
Charles Eliot Norton. Holmes, Whittier.
Mrs. Stow. J. T. Trowbridge, Lowed, i imI
Parke Godwin. Whittier and Longfellow
ach contributed a poem: Lowell, his
sonnet, "The Maple,' the verses on tho
Origin of Didactic Poetry, and editorial
pages of prose: Emerson gave, besides the
essay,"I!Iusions,''four sltortpoen-s, of which
two were Days and Brahma; Mrs. Stowe
and Mr. Trowbridge were represented by
short stories: and there was the first
instailmenr of "TIhj Autocrat of the
Breukrast Table." All the articles were
unsigned.
Chicago Is displaying asOiirnslil.-ig fecundi
ty in the art of bookioakirig. For awhhe
sedutu conveukionnlity'd'at' upon the prod
ucts of the Western city, butTthe change
has come, suddenly and markedly. U.S.
Stone Co. lead the way and set the pace
in papr, type face and artistic sriginahty
in binding. A- G. AlcCIurg & Co. havelately
put on their tables books which compare
favorably with the richest and most taVe
ful printed anywhere. Even Way & Wil
liams have bloomed forth, and their prod-
1 ucts are color pat' ties on any shelf- Some
of the lettering on their covers suggest
that there have been resignations rry.u
puzzle factories and alphalet-block nuiK
ers. The fashion of spelling out titles with
out regard to capitals or word spaces an 1
turning lines with no concern for syllable
Intervals is weird and distressing.
On the title page of Richard Mausf eld's
"Blown Away" are two portraits. The
print, after a photograph, shows Mrs. Mans
field and thewife of one or the memberor
tlie rirm which publishes the book wlh-,i the
ladies were about rourteen years ohl.
Not long ago a gentleman astonished he
world, ai.d tested tlie fortitude of h.s
friends, by reciting from memory" the wil
of Dante's "liiviiie Comedy.' The Teas .vas
accomplished Jn twenty-six hours, and ww
sufficiently novel and undesirable. IJuk hi
eccentricity a reciter, who had recently
performed before Miss Ellen Terry, goes
further, bays the Academy. This en
thusiast called on the actress and insisted
upon reciting Thomson's "Seasons" en
tirely by facial expression. The poem is
not peculiarly rich in dramatic opportu
nities, but he forged remorselessly to the
end. although long before he reuched it
his listener had to consult tho text. A
single facial expression cm mean ao .wauy
thing.
Dr. Isldor Singer's ''Encyclopaedia of
the History and Mental Evolufcimi of the
Jewish Race" is to be in twelve volumes.
The prospectus has just oeen Issued. The
encyclopaedia will number some 1,000 ai
ticles, and will embrace all historical and
philosophical researches on the Old end
New Testament, with the literature of the
Jews in zhe Middle Ages
Loudon used to laugh 'at the Ma:quis
of Lome, and his literary debuts were
received w ith marked' 'InTli'freronce. But
Lome has shown him'sfclf IV be a very
fair a'l-rtumd kind ot man. The mar
quis has been working on decorative art,
and has turned out designs for wall pa
pers and friezes which have such merit as
to Lave found purchasers in London.
Madame Schumann left behind her when
she died fifty volumes of her diary. This
Is now being edited by uer dau'zluei. Marie,
whoMs living in Vienna. It will be of great
interest, especially to ttc musk a I world,
for Madr.me Schumann was a wonderfully
strong and interesting character, and had
livedalifefullof incidentand color. In her
diary each one or her numerous pupils is
mentioned by name.
The next twelve months will be very
busy ones for Samuel L. Clemens' (Murk
Twain) publishers. Harpers still !m-e
several volumes to add to the trade edition
of his works which they are publishing.
McCluie's will continue the chapters fro n
Mr. Clemen.' diary of his trip around t'.ie
wotld, abounding. It Is suid, Ir. acute
observations, droll anecdotes, and vir'd
descriptions. His new book, "Following
the Equator," is just out. The edition will
be a large-one, and his publishers predict a
great sale fcr it. Following closely ir.e
publication of this new book, will appear
a uniform complete subscription edition f
his works.
The death was announced recently of
Mrs. Stevenson, the devoted mother or the
novelist. It is well known that Mr. Ste .'en
son's rather, to whom he was tenderly at
tached, stood Tor a long time in do.ibt rr
his gifted son. His mother, however, riiil
his aunt steadily encouraged his literary as
pirations, and, as is well known, Mrs. Ste
venson gave the crowning proof or her de
votion to her son by going to jcln Mm 'n
Samoa. When she returned to Edinburgh
she went to live with the brilliant t.stcr
who survives her.
George Gissing, whose novel, "The Whirl
pool," will be brought out Foon, arter an
unavoidable delay caused by the necessities
of serial publication, has written a story
showing th possible result of the extreme
cultivation ot the reading habit. Tho sub
ject ot this remarkable tale deserts his
work, his family and his religion for thn
free llbrars. caring not at all what it If
that he readd, so long as it is print. He
devotes himself to hi "unholy worship ot
letter-press" so that practically nothing
else interests him. "The scent of newspa
pers, mingled with the odor of filthy gar
ments and unwashed humanity, put hliu
I beside himself wltlt joy; his nostrils cniv
jred, his eyes sparkled."
NOTES AND QUERIES.
When did Eastpr rail in the years 1834
and 1835? D. C. N.
In lb:i Easter Tell on March 30, and In
1835 on April 19.
In what year were siiiaplasters first Is
sued? It. ii.
The were Issued soon, after the second
war with England amTwcre ery common
In 1837. We cannot more definitely saj
when they first appeared.
Who wrote the "Graveyard or the Ages.f
and where can It be found? B. G.
Wc do not know.
In which one or his poems does Tom
Moore abuse Americans? E. E-T.
in sevirai. ami parvuatu:nr a uiie, en
tilled "To tbcLord Viscount Forbes-Fron?
theCityot Washington."
Has Johnstown, which was destroyed by
a rhxxl iu lhbl), been rebuilt? Ilasj a new
dam been built? J. L. II.
Johnstown was rebuilt very swin, and la
now much as it was before the f lcxi. The
dum ha not been rebuilt- The flood jc
currcd on May 31, 1S39-
ill pure peroxide ot hydrogen bleach
the hair wlin the first nppttcatton" "i.
Will belladonna brighten the eye by sb ply
applying It to the cheek under tne eye? W.
H. E.
iVs, If the application be or suftMu-ne
time. 2. No.
Why wag Gen. Jackson ca,!ed Hickory
Jackson? I.B.N.
lie was called "Old IIjcjr , . m"Hie.v
ory Jackon." The nam' grew on hi.o.
First his soldiers, in the w tr of Isjij,
sold that he was as tougn as hicki.ry,
to he waa called Hlckorv. n r the pre
fix "old" was applied, as a term of if-
', f ection.
I have two brothers. James and Reese
Maglli, who have hoc been r, uu of since
tiki late rebellion. How eUalt l rwocceu to
find tlietu? N. W. M. .
li'u might advertise. If they ntered t.ie
Army, jh. might write to tie aiijut nt
general ot the State wher - t: y enlists,
heiwiy have a recorder fie u Youmignt
send to Hie soldiers" iioii-- of i. e
veteran may kmiw about ti em.
What are the dlmeiuuonsor rue Campania
and tile Kaiser Wilhelu. uer orusse' O-R.
Tne Campania is 620 Teet ..ip:, b5 I V
feet wide, and Ut feet, d e; iir n. t
tonnage is 5,000; her grots ton
nage, lU.JiwO, and her inch", ated !)rse
powe: is 30,000. The Kalr Wilh-1 der
Gruase is U9 feek loos, feet broad, .-nd
39 Teet deep; tint gro tonnage U I J..S0O,
and her indicated horse power is "I7,uhj.
Did Lincoln ever make a proposition to
the slave holders or the Sooth tu pay tor
the negroes if they would lay down iheir
arms aud cease lHwt!Htfe? What year
was such nropfMitbit made and to wiiom
wa it made? P. J. D.
lie uiu m.i. w ui re n.l wa kills Hi
proposed to drfigreas In a message en
March G, ISG'J. that the United htates
should co operate with anil reartVr pe
cuniary aid to any sHate that would enter
upon a gradual alohtioa o' sfcv.-r , on
gress passed a resolution to tk .ffert
What are the qualifications for Jolnlns
the United .States Arn.y; z. I we u, nv
to one of the Southwestern states; cu.i.d
I try the examination at home and send
the report to the cuiumamler of the regi -ment
I vvisu to join? 3. Would 1 be neees
sary to go before an Army surgeon i..r
the hyicul examination? 4. What aru
the chance of promolioft' r, How often
are the soldiers moved? E. L. M.
l.To enlist in tne Aimy you must be
over twenty-one. a citizen Ct the I'nite i
States, ab'e to read, write awl -teas. Lag
lish, and mun be m good health, z. Thero
is no examination to pae pt thepbjsi
Cal examination. 3. It v. -4Ul oenetessar .
to go before the sucgeon 1'ci may enlist
at the henriouarters of tie legnnent in
Which yon wish to rve ..r at a gen-ril
reerulthtg station. -1. Mei. who have
served two years may be pr ousted fro-,.
the ranks and uromotton- ure- matte ever
year on passing a severe injsi, al an.l
mental examination. 3. N.,r. ten.Kert p
every fivs or gix years, uii the axeraue
To becopje a cadet at West 1'. int you mcr-t
be appointed by your t ngressman, )e .n
perfeet physical OotiUithn ind pass ;i
moderately hard mental eau iuatla. Lx
aminal'ous arc held only at est V, mt.
Where would you advise ni to get an
Invention patented what pat. at office J.
How many brklgefe Irailroac! and, wagon
across the Misionippl River from sour e to
mouth? 3. How many Territories an-1 1 re
in the United States? Wbien are they?
You canjpatent an lav.n'an mlv at
the Patent Office. Hi Washington, but yo a
can get any number of pn'rnt: solicitors tt
help you shape your applK.it utt. 2. hove
the Header navigation ther,- ireunliiter
Iy dozens of bridges across ti.e Mtaotssipyf,,
but rrom St. Paul down rhre are these:
Five bridges at St. Paul, 'at Rock IsUmt.
St. Louts; two. Alton. Quiucy. Ke. kurtr
Davenport, Clinton. Dubuqu Lonistaan
-Missouri and Memphis. T. Artaoha Vtro
Mexico, and Oklahoma. t"ir.e.
now shall I make rubber cement? SJiee
ruaker. Melt in an Iron pot tv. Mrt rf fit
and one part of India ruxber, sttartkg,
well und thoroughly, when nuxel yarn
tlie liquid into cold w.atei It 'letmmvm
black am) solid, but melts radllT. it maty
be used as a soft paste or as a iiqwtts.
To m.;iid rubber shoe. t'n ement is rec
ommended. Mix two parts of tula siMi
rubber with six sevenths parts tf slr
phlile of carbon, patting the pot in ride
another pot containing li..t water As
the article's melt, thk mixture nmsr h&
added to prevent the solu.ua fron. uaetr
citing again. Melt two pans of thin s),eeti
rubber with on a part of powdered reife.
add six eighths parts of snirus t tr
pentino slowly, and stir well. This set
ond mixture is to be added to the ri.stm
sufficient quantity to make It a tr-.n. paste
When D e Rochamheau brought his
French soldiers to aid Washington dur
ing the American Revolution he wajlteuten-ani-generat
ol Hie royal army. It l staled
that he considered it beneath his dignity
to accept orders rrom Gen. Wasfetitgtou.
and that m consequence of this irooWt- over
the question of rank. Washington was made
a marshal of France. Is this so? K- N.
It is not so. The story Is said to have
arisen from a portrait of Washington wear
ing a blue sash ever his shonMer, and It
is based on the assumption that the sssh
was the insignia of a marshal of France.
As a matter or fact, Washington fa. not In
the list of marshals of France, and. fur
ther, the blue sash was the Insignia of
an Ameririn general. Early In the war
-on July 14, 177.1, to be exact Wash
ington directed the ofricers to ie;t.e dis
tinguishing bailges as follows. Itttie tani.e
for generals, red or pink Tor fieW .fflcers,
yellow for captains and green fr sui al
terns. As a general officer, he wore a
blue sash.
Who was it and at what date was the
last, person beheaded in Great Britain
Ii. Has there been a translation ami repub
lication of Juvenal's History ofRoj.-.e and
who are the publishers? a. When was im
prisonment Tor debt abolished In Xew Yoru
4. Since the adoption of the Constitution
has there been an ecclesiastical court In
any State that had the power to arrest and
Imprison? C. H. M.
The last person beheaded in England was
the famous Simon Fraser, Lord Lavat
one of the Highland lords, who led In the
rebellion of 1743. He was executed on
Tower Hill, In the Tower or London, on
April 9. 174.7. 2. Juvenal wrote no his
tory ot Rome; his sutires have been trans
lated more than once. 3. Imprisonment
for debt was abolished in New foric In
1831. The last State to abolish it was
the lost Btate admitted. Utah, which Tor
bids such imprisoument in Its constitution.
4. No; so far as we know, there never waa
such a court In any one ot the original
1 States.
