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H I
&
HM 1 THE GARLAND GLOBE BOOSTER EDITION.
H buiiU Btone that wo BOH hud in the
HH mountains Miiu.iiinmii. ih' country.
LaH; iiH hi. i eonuauM unm after oaroon
H ueious tunes. Altar Die nine uf th
Vl coai ii- .i.. n in mi) eastern part oi
HJ our country, iiiu whoie section was
IM sow y etevsteu into u great broad
H i.iuKiinr extending troui mi.' w iiHuu in
H mountains i,u tiio im.si. to the oieii.i
v iii. is on the wilt, before the
H .in i n i in.' hud reached lar in its de-
P veiopmeat the layers or rock forming
J tins great dome were broken into
H nagiin ii. s, or rather into large mocks,
H Villull UlljUStCU llielnseives II) III 111
H Mil iiiKaKi' whn h was inking place in
fl mi i .nil, . crusts. These Dioc&a wer
H probauiy iinii'.s in thickness imi oiny
H me upper cugca, corners ami irn ,n
B unities are now shown, it was in the
B ...i iii.'niiii in ol these kical lauil blOOBS
H iii.ti ieur Itiver Valley received Us
ML i lie great high mouutaliis towards
tin' earn ol the val ej are tormed by
gffffffl one of iln in' blocks tilted ami thrown
Upwards to give uh an escapineiK
H wlni h now loims the lace ol the moun
H tains. It was tilt adjustment and up
K ping ol aiuiihcr block that gives us
E iiii' mountains to the west ol the lleai
H River Valley ami those which exieuu
H on down to the lake, the great lauil
H which tonus the lace o' the eastern
H mountains, divides at a point a lew
H nulls south of Colllngston. line
H ol this fault crosses the mountains
J and runs into Cache Valley. The oth-
H er one urns up through part of the
B Hear Hlver Canyon then oil to the
H west, and an additional fault beginning
H sun farther south runs to the west
B lo lowing up the Mulad Valley, form-
H lug the Valley in that section.
H it must not be presumed that these
Irregularities were tormed hurriedly.
H It is presumed that our mountain
J chain at present is raising a lew leei
H in a hundred years, 'l hese structural
J disturbances probably never took place
B much taster than the movement Is
H going on at present.
H It has been a region Ol great earth
H quakes. Every time there has been
a re-adjustment of one of the great
H structural blocks that form the moun
tain ranges, there has been shaking
B and trembling on the surface, the
H thing we interpret as un earthquake.
m The rocks found in the area ure
H representative of the early geological
B ages, from Cambrian to Pennsylvania,
H inclusive. The Cambrian is repre-
sentetl by the dark heavy uuartzlte
B found at the base of the mountains.
H In the mouth of the Llox Kldcr Canyon
B these have been reduced to schists
The Ordovicoau and Silurian have
K never been differentiated but they
M are found as bluish gray lime stone
H inter-stratilled with layers of shale
H and (iiiurtzite. These outcrop near I he
K base of the mountains on the east
H sides. The heavy ledges farther up
H on the mountains are .Mississippian.
H These contain abundance of fossils.
H Above the thick heavy ledges is the
H thin bedded bluish gray limestone
HH which belong to the carbouiterous.
H In the structural lilsiuniances which
B gave rise to the irregularities, depres-
M sions were formed in which water col
H lected to torn a sea in tertiary times
H In this sea u deposited some sand
H and marl. '1'hese recent deposits cov-
M er a great deal ol the Hear Hiver Val
H ley. They are shown especially well
H at the mouth of the Heaver dam creek.
H on the east side of the Hear, river,
H and along the canal south of the pow
M er I'la nt In the Hear rhcr canyon.
M They are white marley deposits often
H more than 1UU feet thick. In a few
WM places the marl and sand gives place
to a deposit of lime oetBeated shells.
M Whether this sea entirely disappear-
M ed or grew only to be a very small
B body of water is still a disputed QUM
B tion. However, the sea was with
drawn from most of the higher land
H giving a chance for weathering and
H cutting of this deposit by streams.
H Most of the erosion conforms to the
H deposits made by this recent sea.
H Streams began their heds in the softer
H material and after on-e established
H have cut through into the hinder rock
H Hear Hiver Canyon has been thus
H formed. It apparently washed the
MV channel between Hear Hirer Valley
H and Cache Valley at the time when
H it flowed In the soft rock ami fixed
H its position; but now it apparently is
H Mowing through Die divide ami in rock
H much harder than that farther south
H The drainage of the streams were well
stablished; the canyons were cut to
a depth not far different than at pres
ent.
ai this time our climatic condition
so changed that the precipitation wan
greater man the uiaiuage IB mis sec
uon. jjumig me time ot me uecmio
ot tins earner sea the opposite liua
to have imi uue. j lie coliiluion o.
the increased precipitation over cap
oi. if lua sioreu moisture IB the gica..
en : mi to again hu the basin wun wu
ter to the rim. A lake wua tonne
many equal in si.e to i-ako .ulcliigan,
tins wub the oid L.ake nounevine. lib
.--ui i .ue lose to am. in. the u.ouo lee
contour utiove aea level. At this siagi
it was tapped by a branch ol me i u
. in, niiougn ..laish vaney and tin
til IU j ass and len ...U leet in a coin
paratlveiy short time. At this Btagi
it remained for a long period. At ihis
siago great terraceB and deltas wen
tonneu an through the uear Hivei
aiiey. '1 hese are Hie m ihwum, ......
nats and nenches which aie now ue
mg eMensiveiy lormed.
it has been variously estimated thai
it is trom ou.oou to iuu.uuu years since
noiinevine Btoou at lis IngheBt levei,
wlncii is prooably not lar dilierem
uoiu the tune since it stood at its
.evei when the large benches were
niaue. ine lake suiKlng neiow miH
evei waa owing to a change in ciinat
ic conditions m winch Die evaporation
was again more than the precipitation,
ibis change was not constant, in.
...he seems to have reached a period
in resting at long intervals, and when
tver this happened new terraces were
cut into it. i hese oid records DM)
now be read in Hie sides of the Ueur
Hiver alley.
U 1th the gradual disappearance ol
the lake we seem to have large in
dependent bodies of water formed in
Die valley in which the water remain-
en comparatively fresh for a long per
iod. In these smaller bodies ot water
milestone deposits were lorniea, not
in the lorui of stone, but in the form
oi marl. The old lake was lined with
day ; but on top of the clay in the
Hear Hiver Vulley is found thin lenses
ol marl. It is this kind of deposit that
ife now furnishing the material lor the
cement plant in the locality. The raw
material lor the cement is taken from
the thin lenscB of marl on the clay,
and Buflicieut clay to form proper ma
ture is taken by dipping in the cla
bed underneath.
Hear Kiver Valley probably has no
soils that are formed in places. All
the soils have been carried in by the
larger streams (lowing from the moun
tains. In this the valley has been
especially favored. In addition to the
silt thus collected the phosphate beds
of the Mississippian limestone have
been weathered and contributed their
share of plant food to the section.
Prom the mouth of the Hear Hlver
to the beginning of the Hear Hiver
Canyon the whole of the section is a
filled valley. The material for this lin
ing has been carried down irom the
streams.
The valley Is also famous Tor Its
scenic beauty. The .Malail river Is
famotia to the geologist lor its e.v
ample ol meandering. The Hear Hiver
canyon is also famous as a young
rocky gorge; a beautiful spot m wild
scenery and at the same time a splen
did exposure of the rock representing
the earlier periods of geological time
(The foregoing was contributed by
Prof. William Peterson of the a. c. v.,
Logan).
Some Special Contribu
tions by Prominent
Men of Utah on the
Hear Kiver Valley
In response to appeals sent out, we
have received the following excellent
short articles from contributors re
garding the Hear Hlver Valley.
Hon. lleher f. Wells, Kx Governor
of I 'tali, says:
I did not tramp the Hear Hiver Val
ley in company with Patber Sacra
mento, Captain Houneville, .John C.
Treinont or Jim Hridger. or even with
Brlgbam Young, yet I muy truthfully
say that at a very early stage of
my existence 1 was alive to the pussl
billtlei of that fertile and favored lo
cality. It is easy for even quite a young
westerner to recall the time when
that whole country north and west of
the Hoar, waa an arid waste where
jack rabbits Jumped the ' dear old
sagebrush" and coyotes bayed at the
moon.
Before .Juris and Conklin or .John W
Kerr, or Tom i'ltt, or Alex Toponce,
or Hilly Howe, ever gazed with wist
ful eyes upon the contlgnlty of land
and river, there or dreamed of the
magic gardens which their trnnsfusion
found that these grticli - did ii"t i"
any way exaggerate. Ii fact. I have
marveled in that Die tn ihle latid.f of
tills state have not bei n more rapidly
tcl en up. In seems in me that nil
where are better oppot lilies offered
t'i the man who is in ill rlty . taking
a home, who is aeekini place where
he can become prosp 'is and con
tented, than iii Utah. In fact, one
cannot travel In any pa of this state
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HEBER M. WELLS,
Ex-Qovrnor of the Stale of Uth and now City Commlitioner of Salt Lake City
would create. 1 pattered through the
alley on a pinto pony with my uncle
Alexander Harris, a pioneer freighter
who had a string of mule teams hall
a mile long, carrying merchandise
from Corrlniiethen, the railroad point
in western America, "farthest north'
to Uutte City, .Montana. Although
a mere lad and the scene that lay he
loro iiiu was most forbidding, I re
member my uncle, with prophetic
prescience pointed out to me the glor
ious empire that the Hear Hiver Val
ley would become with a diverting
dam up the canyon, and a system oi
canals cross sectioning the areas be
low. That must have been twenty
years before the Hear Hiver Canal
company began its world-lamed work
of reclamation.
fears afterward I happened to be
a guest of Honorable Thomas H. Cut
ler at a celebration incident to the
opening of the great sugar factory
at Garland, when in gazing again up
l D the same environment, glorified by
the greenery of the potential hus
bandman, all my uncles' predictions
and my own boyhood visions found
pleasureable fulfillment
These reminiscences are not at an
important to me but they serve to
illustrate how quickly a western wil
derness may be transformed Into ileitis
Ol iruit und grain and hay and sugar
beets when man with his brains and
his money and his energy undertakes
its redemption.
I have not the figures at hand of the
wonderful present productivity ot the
Hear Hiver Valley, but 1 know they
are surprising both as to yield per
acre and as to aggregate output and I
am sure there is no region on Uod s
green earth more delightful for a
dwelling place.
1 honor the intrepid spirits who
have wrought this beneficent trans
formation, and 1 congratulate the men
and women who are reaping the re
wards of foresight and industry and
pursuing the paths of peace and hap
plness In that bounteous, prosperous
land.
IIKHKH M. WKI.l.S.
Hon. a. H. Barnes, Attorney Gen
eral of I'tah, says:
Years ago, back In Michigan. I llrst
learned of the wonders, Die riches and
the beauties of I'tah through certain
articles which came Into my hands
i in these articles the valleys of Utah
were designated as "Nature's Car
j ileus," "gardens of beauty ami plenty."
since my ri sldencs la Utah l have
without being Impressed with these
wonderful opportunities.
I have recently read the story writ
ten by .lack London entitled "The Val
ley of the Moon." It is the story oi
a young couple who traveled through
out the length and breadth of the state
of California seeking what they term
ed 'The Valley of the Moon." They
sought a valley where the climate
was perfect, a valley endowed with
nature's riches. In the closing chap
ter of that story this young couple for
tunately llnd their Valley of the Moon
but they had been seeking this valley
for years.
The thought occurred to me as 1
read this story that had this young
couple been iii I'tah seeking their Val
ley of the Moon, they would not have
sought so long, but every valley would
have seemed to them a Valley of the
Moon, and If they had happened in
Bear river valley first. I think there
they would have settled.
Hear Hiver valley certainly pre
sents some most Interesting oppor
tunities to the settler. The traveler
passing through this valley need not
be told of these opportunities. Thev
HON. A. R. BARNES,
Attorney-General State of Utah.
are to be seen on every hand. The
beauties of Its landscape appeal to
the eye. The richness of the soil is
demonstrated by abundant crops.
There is perhaps no section in this
state where there is such an abund
ance of water which may be had the
entire year. The soil is rich and deep
and the drainage perfect There is
splendid pasturage, and it has Income
known as the home of the best bred
stock produced In the western coun
try. In fact, everything which may
appeal to the horticulturist, the agri
culturist or the stock raiser may be
found in this valley. The climate is
all that can he asked for. Surely
Hear Hiver valley is the U Dorado of
the homeseeker.
ALBBRT R. BARNES
Thus. H. Cutler In an Interview
said recently;
The subject of the great Hear Hiver
valley is a themo that requires the
pen of a great writer rather than one
of a mere practical onlooker who has
only been identified with its growth
since 11)01.
1 he llrst area surveyed was settled
in about I860 by some early Mormons
on the east side of the valley. Dur
ing the completion of the Central Ha
citlc railroad in lSliS-y, other towns
were built, the principal one being
(oriniie, which was lor some time an
important lreightiiig terminus for
towns in Idaho and .Montana, until
the I'tah fc -Northern railroad tnow
the Oregon Short Hinel was built
north into these states. Since the
Luoln OUtoS has been built the old
Central 1'aciJlc line is used only for
I local purposes.
hen irrigation was iirst applied by
the early settlers on the east slue
Uiey an helped themselves to the
j mouii:a:n streams without iei. or hind
rance and bunt private ditches lor tne
purposes, alter Which systems were
i siuinibiied und controlled by incor
porated companies and water began to
aciiune a wonderfully Increased vatue.
Hi the late eighties and early nine
in s a most important and elaborate
Irrigation system was built for the
purpose of using waters of the Hear
river, iins system was conceived by
uioad-miiided men who saw the pos
slbilities of the iuture, but it was too
early lor its inception, in lact the
price at which the lirst water rights
were sold would not pay even running
expenses without anything lor its
stockholders und bondholders, and no
one can help realizing that the orig
inal investors were led astray by lig
ures that did not prove correct. The
original cost ot the canal system being
about three million dollars, and even
then it was only partially completed.
Prom its source, in the mountain
lakes of summit county, Utah, to
where it empties into the Great Salt
Lake, the Hear river is iiOO miles long,
and it has the distinction of being the
longest river on the continent whose
water does not enter the sea.
i he Ureal near iake, one-half ot
which is in Utah and the other half
in Idaho, is one of the most admirable
lakes lor the storage of water, being
fully one mile in elevation higher
than the Hear Hiver valley. 1 he iu
ture possibilities of the conservation
of water in that lake for irrigation
purposes has not been lully appreci
ated. Several attempts have been
made to raise the lake, or to draw
from it at the low water mark in the
river. The Utah Idaho Sugar com
pany Itself has spent considerable
money In buying rights of way for a
canal to connect the hike with the
ner, but it remained for the Utah
Power &i Uigiu company to set in mo
tion the principle of pumping water
from the lake during the low water
periods, and they are now spending
huge sums with that end In view and
building and equipping electric power
plants on the Hear river to supply the
further increasing demands for power
und light.
I am reminded by an extract from
the "Soil Survey of the Hear Hlver
Area' written in lilu."., which contains
this clause: "Before the Hear river
canal was built, considerable dry farm
in was carried on, but it has since
been practically abandoned in favor
of the safer method of irrigation."
From 190a to probably 1908 this may
have been true to a certain extent,
since which a great many of the
slopes on both the eastern and west
ern sides of the valley are being used
for dry farms with very good results
indeed, and I understand as high as
forty bushels to the ucro of grain Is
being raised by the more intensified
system of dry farming.
In the same pamphlet that I have
referred to, much has been said by
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