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B , - - - - - . . . . - 1 . ' . .. . -. -e J. -.;. i.T. fi-.f '-M- Nj jH
;: America Leads the World ; in Teaching Household Arts 1 j I
I Many Countries Bor
row Teachers College
Methods of Solving
Women's Problems
and Fitting Girls to ,
be Housewives.
k ' MI-RICA 13 doing more than any other
Ca country to educate the public In the
J household arts. Many countries, in
cluding England and France, 'arc cloacly
watching our research work, accepting our
conclusions and sending representatives
frankly to borrow our methods. The high
cost of living and the perplexing problems
. confronting tho houscv.'Ifo to-day, both In
the city and country, render the work espe
cially Important,
Those who wish to excel in the science
come to Teachers College, New York, for In
structions. The heads of thirty-six depart
ments in as many colleges In the United
States 'have been graduated from this in
stitution. Tho research work of Its many
laboratories Is everywhere accepted as au
thority. The results of. this research work, for ex
ample set the standards of food budget."'
During the war the Food Nutrition Division
of tho Sanitary Corps, In arranging the ry
tions for our soldiers, was guided by thn
results of this work. One of the professor
of the college staff was placed In chargoof
q the Food Conservation Bureau In New York
city, one division of the work of the Ferioi-n
Food Board, and New York State Commli
sion. The professor was constantly con
sulted as to food policies here and for the
shipment of food materials uhroad, and con
, '
WEIG-HING- INGREDIENTS IS AN IMPORTANT PART- of Tfe FOOD - ETING TTe PRODUCT of l6e HOUSEHOLD LABORXTORV - U
COURSE SLt TEACHERS COLLEGE J
Mk tributed largely to the food conservation of
S j Europe. It ,s interesting to know that in
mm i the quiet laboratories of Teachers College
II 1 problems were solved which would render
J our troops more efficient and help to detcr
Ijl l mine the tatos of armies and navies.
rjf ,y Laboratory Like a Flat.
1 u No household problem Is neglected In
cj these courses. The equipment of the do-
H "t partmcnt of household arts, which has betn
H t(i largely imilatcd. Includes, in addition to the
H regular economical laboratory, a complete
H con" "at wlth kitchen, dining room, bedroom and
I dai bath, where food problems and their effect
I thtj on health are worked out In detail. The
students analvze familiar foods and by re-
jUoj peated efforts discover methods of cooking.
7j for instance which at the Fame time make
tcel fhe food more palatable and nutritious or
I wal realize its medical properties. Unexpected
M Hfol nnf r-lf I'nllmc fnllrwl In fnnAa wlltrh
II f "j oftn go to wsstc.
I ! The "flat" laboratory Is In constant u
.jjj Subjects sire selected from among the sin
cere? denls who are out nf health, or lacking in
cord vitality, whose eases present Interesting
13j problems in nutrition. Careful analysis ro
ollc veals tho exact nature of the fond required.
"fj'JS and the tnals are selected and prepared
HH wltlvscIcnHfip accuracy. Tn'co for oxamp'c
jHI thoense of MIfs X.. who ? now 11 vine in
Row Odor Travels
Jj-W r " H K rapid propagation of smells no-
'jB I tlced In the open air appears due
MH entirely to currents, elnec In small
,'iH tubes, where currents do not exist, the rate
tH Is found to he vers small. Experiments
along this line were 11 rat undertaken in Eng
jH 'anfl ny r,rof- Ayrton. and additional data
iH have been reported in this country.
HM With ammonia diffusing through a tube a
meter and a half long, over two hours
mLM elapsed before the smell could be detected at
the other end of the tue. Using different
fl lengths of tubing, It was found that the
tune, rr-quired for The diffusion of the smell
was roughly proportioned to tho square of
Hl, the length. Ammonia and hydrogen aul-
phlcle were used for these experiments. The
Hl presence cf ammonia could be detected
t-hemlrally at a point in a tubo after about
the .amc time as when the sense of smell
H. was used for a detector. The rato of propa-
gallon of the .Tnell of ammonia was not
B maikcdly different when this had to pass
along the same tube cither horizontally or
vertically upward or vertically downward.
With camphor, however, while tho rates
hor;?ontally and downvard were about the
H same, the spe'd upward was about twice ns
grr-at. The smell given to iron and brass by
rubbing these with tho fingers was also
led. but gave no definite result's.
ihe tine laooratories. Without special care
this student could not have 'lnishcd her
course, her system did not gain from ordi
nary foods sufficient nourishment to keep
up her viiniity It was found that her sys
tem needed calcium. A tempting dish pre
pared from almonds supplied the calcium,
and Mifs X. has already gained ten pounds
undqr the diet.
Another interesting test Ik now In prog
ress in the flat laboratory to determine the
digestibility of the whites of eggs. Threo
times a day a group of four students sit
down in the attractive dinins room to a
meal consisting largely of whites of eggs:
for five days thoy eat the whites of cges
raw and for five days they eat them cooked.
The eggs arc served as "cocktails" or beaten
Into some attractive form. When the pres
ent writer vieltcd the Hat nt meal time it
BECAUSE of a preponderance of notlco
being taken nowadays, of tho immi
grant tainted with Bolshevism somo
people may forget the many eminent ex
amples of uIUmi Introduction into America's
body politic with line results, and. as a mat
ter of fact, ic a census showing tho dcsirablo
and the undesirable could be taken, tho
former would dwarf tho latter almost to
nothingness.
It is as weh for patriotic Americans to
kpep In mind the Individual cases that have
come under every man's notice that prove
the wonderful nd beneficial results of our
melting pot. The history of some of them,
while simple, nevertheless has romantic
features. There is. for a striking cxnmple.
M. I. Pupln. professor of electro mechanics
at Columbin University since 1901. He Is
secrctnry or the Interracial Council nt IliO
Broadway. This Is an organization made up
of ropiescntatives of thirty-two racial
groups in America. In 1917 Professor Pupln
presented to the United States Government
an Invention eliminating static- Interferons
with wireless transmission.
Lnndcd With 5 Cents and Piece of Pic.
Speaking recently or tho subject of Im
migration. Professor Pupln said that be was
an American or Jugo-Slavlc birth and he
came lo America in the steerage of the
steamship Westphalia in IS7I: In his packet
was five- cents and In his hand a plcge qf
apple pie. Now he modestly wears the titles
ol Ph. D., Sc. IX and LL. D.
"Nothing," said he. "Is so tragic and to
touching as to leave one's native bind. Tim
reason that our citizens or Intending i-iti-zpn
settle in colonies Is based on a need of
human nature; the Immigrant yearns for
was explained with apologies that It was Im
possible o invite him to a rnonl. since every
article of food had' been weighed to a" frac
tion of an ouncn and must be accounted lor
The knowledge gained in the laboratory
lias proved especially successful In field
work., A social settlement on the East Sldo
of New York has been selected tor experi
mental work. A group ol 175 children were
enrolled anil were given careful nifdicn" ex
amination; of these 75 were found to be suf
fering from malnutrition. The feeding of
these children and the scientific measure
ments were mnde by a group of 25 students
at Touchers College. The children under In
spection wore fed a noon meal and an after
noon lunch. The luncheon offered the chil
dren an opportunity to secure from 1,000 to
I -200 calories If they would eat the food provided.
the. companionship of his countrymen
"T do not k noiv whether my strugijliT. hs
an Immigrant were greater than my s:i us
xIp3 in Immigration work. As president oi
the Slavonic Immigrant Socletv and of the
Serb Federation for eleven venrs my expe
rience has convinced me that you cannot
handle the immigrant except through an
American citizen of his own race."
While the immigrant and his groplnc
toward Americanism can be well studied hi
Net ,York tlii study is not confined to this
city. There follows nn excellent anccdoto
of I1I3 success In the middle West.
Two brothers who six years ago were
worklnr in the Plontcrs and Jefferson hotels
In St. Louis as busboys at SI a day have
recently purchased for J350.000 two large
moving picture theatres, running their
string of film houses up to nine. These nine
niovic theatres have nn annual gross
revenue of $773,000
Tho brothers are Charles Skouras. 30
yours old. 5759A McPherson avenue, and
Spyros Skourns. 21 years old, fiftloA Etzcl
avenue. In 191-1 they decided to quit work
ing as hotel, bus boys and invest their sav
ings in some paying business. Unlike many,
of their fellow countrymen from Greece,
they did not invest in a candy kitchen or
restaurant. Tho moving picture- husinesn
wag developing rapidly nt the time and they
decided to ry it.
They bought n. 55.000 interest in the Olym
pla Theatre, a nickelodeon, nt Fourteenth
and Market streets, four blocks from Union
Station. They had to obtain assistance
from friends in raising the money Tor thn
deal It was not long beforo they bought
out their associates ,n the Olympla.
In these days of high food prices it Is in
teresting to know what roods arc especially
rich in nutritive qualities. More expensive
articles or food are often less valuable. Tho
1.200 calorics were supplied by lima beans,
oarley soup, rye bread and butter, graham
broad. Jam and Ice cream. At the end of .two
months the average gain per child from this
- single daily meal was over two pounds.
These experiments showed among other
things that meat at 40 to CO cents a pound
is loss nutritious than beans at 17 cents a
pound. It will bo noticed that graham flour
was used Instead of wheat. The exact knowl
edge of food values thus taught makes for
better health and higher vitality.
Another generation better informed In tho
science of dietetics may look upon our Ignor
ance of tood values of to-day much as wc
look upon the barbaric feasts of ancient
Under the name of the Olympla Amuse
ment Company the brothers a year later
branched out. They purchased the Lafayette
Theatre In South St. Iouls. Business was
so good that In six months they wore able
to buy the Pageant Theatre and Crystal
.Alrdome in the West End. a fashionable
residence district. To turn this deal theyt
sold the Olympla and Lnfayctto theatres.
Lust summer they purchased the Went
End Lyric, the Lyric Skydomc and tht
Downtown Lyric. Last October they houghi
the Shaw, a south Hide theatre. Their latest
purchases are tho Now Grand Central an3
Grand Central, from City Collector Goeln.
And here Is the story of the upward climb
of C. C A. Baldi of Philadelphia, who began
with nothing and is now one of America's
foremost citizens of foreign birth and a mil
lionaire. When he landed in Now Yorl:
thirty years ago ho hnd a few pennies In
his pocket, the pocket of a pair of ragged
trousers. TIev had no English and know
nothing of American customs, but he had
heard of the opportunities that America of
fers to a wide awake, ambitious immigrant
, willing to work.
With his few pennies Baldi bought thirty
lemons and peddled them. From the money
received he bought more lemons and peddled
them. Before long he had a pushcart loaded
with hundreds of lemons. And as ho went
about selling thein ho studied America with
his bright eyes and learned a few words of
English. These he Increased day by day
until he knew tho language and had begun
to understand tho country. In tlmo the
pushcart became a store and the store grew
into a great business, with banking and
other departments.
times. The menu of tho famous dinner once
served In Carthage will show how we have
progressed. Tho ancient dinner consisted of
antolopo with their horns, pencocks with
their jilumcs, sheep boiled whole in sweet
wine, f.aunches of tho camel and buffalo,
hedgehogs, with garum. fried grasshoppers
antl preserved mice running over with asa
foelida. "
The mere layman in dietetics to-day will
see the enormous waste of nutritive values
in such food. Much of our food preparation
to-day may be compared to giving an orange
a single squeeze and throwing It away. Tho
modern science 0? dietetics teaches us how
to squeeze the orange dry. ' 1
Among many other activities the depart
ment Is at present engaged is the teaching of
nutrition as a part of social servico work.
Statistics brought out with the war as to th
Striking Examples of 'Our Many Immigrants Who Rise
Baldi was always a capitalist, but at first
ho capitalized what he had In common with
the best Immigrants of every rnce. Ho
capitalized Ids energy enterprise, ambition
and willingness to work. Throughout his
life In this country Baldi has not forgotten
Italy, and he has always been ready to
help .other Italian, immigrants to bettor tho
condition of themselves and their families,
This lias made him a better American.
Millionaire Baldi has five sons, nil Ameri
cans. .One Is a member of tho Stato Legis
lature, ono Is a doctor., another Is a banker:
the fourth son Is a merchant and the fifth
is editor and publisher of one of the largest
American newspapers published In a foreign
language.
Although the Instances clted are salient
because of tho overwhelming degree of'suc
cess gained by these particular men. they
represent a great and increasing class of.
splendid citizens, true Americans construct
ed out of sound foreign stock,
throughout tho country. The scientific In
struction's" in household arts is certnln to
have n widespread Influence, it will' be seen
throughout the country.
The college offers scores of different courses
In clothing and textiles, houso furnishing,
food, nutrition and sanitation,, organization,
administration of household arts, clement
of dietetics, field work In dietetics, food and
chemistry, food and cookery, technology of
cookery, elements of cookery and house
wifery, elementary food preparation, homo
cookery and table service, tho economics of
city food supply. &o.
One of ifo largest laboratories In this de
partment Is half filled with ranges and cook
ing utenslli of tho most approved design,
MiilKJijrFnrijiTi
: ft . '
Food Tests in Labora- j H
tory Equipped Like ri j H
a Flat Have Vital I
Bearing- on Economic U H
and Physical Welfare H
of the Public. S j I
physical unlltnc.'s ot more than one-third of
tho men of military ago have profoundly
stimulated popular interest in nutrition. A
nutrition and home making centre has been
established this winter as n cooperative en- j
terprlso bctwern Teachers College and phi- jH
lanthroplc organizations. Children classes of- '
various types arc being organized both to p ,
develop the work and to serve as practical
fields for students. "
Solving Rural Problems.
One of the most popular courses consist
In the organization and administration of r
household arts" in rural communities. Th
rourse Is designed for those Interested In the y
problems that confront women in small towns 1
and on farms. A wide variety of subjects v :
is included, such :is domestic economy, tdu-
c.'ttional and social needs ot farm women and Y ,
the best manner of meeting these needs. ,
Federal. State and county organizations ar .
employed. The students are Instructed how , ,
lo become administration agcnts. all with r '
special reference to limiting-cost of living. ; :
There Is special Instruction In preparing
household Irudgcts adapted for the housewife ' '
both In tho city and the country, for thf
rfchynnd tho poor. The summer session this !
'summer at Teachers College will alone at-
tract over G.000 students, who. In turn, will j
teach hundreds of thousands of aunila j
the rest of the room being furnished as a "1
dining room. The meals are prepared by ,
scores of scientific cooks and served hot T
from the stove. fl
Thc labr.rntrj' work here consists first of
'll in the study cj the composition proper-
lloa and purification of wavt.' The oToct
of yarlous "cooking utensils cn food prod- 1
nHa is observed. Special attention Is given
t- In economy of fuel.
The future housewife analvzos fats. .onp.
scouring agencies and powder?. Ther
is an examination of proteins In
moat, extracts, getantlnc. milk, cheese and JLR
baking powders. Lectures and ndmlnistra-
tions are given in the preparation of tea. cof-
fee and cocon. and there are recitations on
the important orcanic compounds. All this
1. included In 1 sin do course.
Ooslington's Philosophy Jt
r-p Lns morning T mot walking along th "
j street a man who was laughlnc:
not nt something he saw. but Just
aughing to himself at omcth!ng b" Ind In j
Ms mind, at a happy tlvuht. His face 'was '
'r.clined downward a llt"i and he had slowed ,
uown n little In Ills gait as he had become
absorbed In what he was thinking about: r j
but now, ns he passed the peak of this en- ,
Joyment. he lifted his had again to Its usual
Vvel and strode on ngain ot his usual gait; I
l.l.o face, however, still cmlling.
Fortunate is the that his' In his
hart a spring that bubb'es happy thoughts.
Every time I give .h brush boy. In my !
barber shop a nickel I feel ' ashamed, for j
myself and for him.
For him, because he docs his work In a
careless. Inefficient manner: for myself, be- -- (
'vuisc T continue to pay for such service.
And he's a nice boy nt that: cheerful, woll
meaning, polite, but he simply doesn't know iH
that ho Isn't living' up to his' privileges that jH
ho isn't' doing the best ho could. , jH
I don't know what I can do about it JH
. rothing. I suppose. Ilavlng started giving; lH
T must keep on I would like to tell him '
that t)ri one and only way for anybody, man ' J
or boy, to get on in tho world is to do his
wo'-k. whatever it mny hi?, to the very twst kk
rl his ability: but this !s something that i
can't pluck up tho cou-ngo to do.
