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THE OGDEN STANDARD, OCDEN.UTAH, TUESDAY. OCTOBER 28, 1913. 5 1
CHARACTER MUST
flUTRANKJENIllS
Roosevelt Talks on "What
Constitutes Character" at
University of Brazil.
WHEN NATIONS DECAY
Intellect a Useful Servant But
Hard Master Hardships
on New Continents.
Sao Paulo, Ot. 28 What constl
lines character?
Theodore Roosevelt addre6ed him
self on this question today n a
speech on Character and Civilization,
delivered In the government universi
ty here
' 'Tho sun of other qualities, distinct I
from the purely Intellectual qualities,
which arc essential to moral er
flclency " was CoVne Roosevelt's
defininion of rhnrncter. "Resolution,
courage, enerpry. power of self-control I
combined with fearlessness in taking
tbe initiative and assenting- responsi
bility a just regard of the rights of
others, together with unflinching de
termination to succeed no matter what
obstacles and !arriers have to he beat-1
en down There is moreover, one
quality too often wholly la. l.inq in
men of high Intellectual ability, with
out which real character cannot i
Namely, the fundamental gift of com
men sense "
Character. Colonel Rosevolt said,
must ever outrank genius aud Intel !
Bf lect. Intellect was a useful servant
but an evil master unless itsolf mas
tered by character This was true of
individuals and In larger sense 1 rue
of nations. Xnierleeii rer hlk
north and south had s'ikw n in
past again and twain, a curious for
getfulness of this precept. A republic
could prosper althovrh the average
man were not hrilliant. a republic
could not prosper if Us average man
became unfirm of mind and BOttli if'
he feared hard labor It" he sought lo i
raise by ways thai represent wrong j
to his weaker brethn n.
History Writes Truth.
History had written larfe he truth!
that onh thp nation with character t
endured, Colonel Roosevelt continued
when moral fibre lecame BOfl when i
the leaders led lives of self-Indulgence
and vlcioWtiess, the nation decayed
and declined
When rltl7"n. of 'lie various com
monwealths of the New World are en ;
gazed in a double task." Colone'.
Roosevelt said "We are endeavoring
to retain without loss of cultural civil
i.atlon inher'ted through our fore- I
fathers who came hither from the Old j
World Wp are ah?o endcavornc ?o
to develop and adopt this Old World
civilization as to purge It of whatever
of evil Is mixed with the good there-;
in. to bTlng forth new ood, and to fit
and adjust, it to the peculiar need and 1
op-jort unities yielded by the western
hemisphere Both sides of the task
present grave difficulties.
"The work of conquering the new t
continent Is one of Incredible hard
ship The men of greatest civlllza
Hon are rareh fit for the task. Only
men of rucged will and hold and ad 1
Tenturous temper can undertake li- 1
The strain of tho pioneer encaged in
the feat Is srch that under it they tend j
to lose something of the culture their,
ancestors bevond the seas had through
the long ages slowly acquired. It is
therefore our duty to exercise an un
ceasing watchfulness in order not to
lose any port of heritage- In world,
civilization, and, If e do lose any-
thing, promptly to recover It. Further-!
inure, there Is a snuill amount of
WTon which our forefather In the
Old World handed down to us. and for'
thlB It is our duty to devise remedies.
New West Conditions.
"Moreover the circumstances of
our lives under the new- conditions
yielded by life on new continents nr
only offer sreat opportunities which
our Old World kinsmen do not enjoy,
but also expose us to temptations
which our Old World kinsmen do not
share, at least to anything like the
same degree
"Finally there Is peculiar needs of
our own, which it is necessary thai ' i
meet In a new fashion. These needs
may often be of dlametrlcallv opjposjte
character The need ol one class, or
of one period, may be wholly differ
end from the need of another class, or
of all classes at another time. For In
stance, It 16 a curious fact that In our
New World the strain of over-hard
conditions during the pioneer days is
apt to be succeeded by the even more
dangerous strain of over-easy eondl
lions when the pioneer days have beer;
passed; the danger of the sons is the
opposite of that which menaced tho
fathers; and yet the one danger is
almost as menacing as th other.
"In the same fashion in every one
I of our great modern Industrial om
m unities the dangerous strain on the
very poor Is In large part not merely
totally dlferent from. but the oxnet
i reverse of. the no less dangero
strain on the very rich; the dangers
1 'are not exact opposite one of th
other, and nevertheless each is a
I danger so serious that if not grap
pled with It may spell national ruin.
Aaln, no Old World communities are
i immune from all sense of outside
danger to anything like the extent
that la true here; and what Is true
of danger from outside sources Is
j true to an only less degree as re-
' garda risk and effort and toll within:
and no student of history needs to
bo told that Immunity from danger,
however desirable, nlwavs means that
there Is need of guarding against the
j risk of softening the fibre.
"In consequence, it Is true that, not
! withstanding all the advantages and
opportunities, there is at least as much
danger, not of crushing disaster, hut
of glow decay of Allure to advance,
no far as concerns our peoples here In
the two Americas as Is the case
among the nations of the Old World
: We cannot afford to vein glorlo i
spirit to be blind to this patently om
inous act. If we are true to ourselves,
If we possess the wisdom and the
verile strength to make the most of
j our opportunities. we have before us.
In our several nations, a future which
I cannot be generally paralleled among
Old World nations whove opportuni
ties are necessarily leas. But If wo
are untrue to ourselves. If we sink
into slothful ease or make our Ideals
fhose of vapid or vicious excitement,
;
then there Is a chance that we shall
make a future all tho more lementa
hie because of the fact that great suc
cess might have been ours. To avert
I this failure, and to achieve the suc
icoss which Is ours If we only have th
power to grasp It, many things are
necessary ; but one thing above all
In then?, character.
Power of People Collectively
'No other trait, in our nation, can
'take the place of hLch average of per
jsonnl character among the individuals,
tho men and women, who make up
that nation 1 am a firm believer In
: using the power ol the people In their
eollectlve capacity that is through
tbe government to the fullest extent
to further the common interest, and I
hold that the abllltv thus to co-operate
in effective action Is one of the great
est tasks of the strength of individual
character in a nation. But such com
bined action, such use of powers o?
government In the Interest of all clti
zens can never succeed unless It la
based on the high average of charac
ter In the individual citizen Govern
mental action can supplement, and
'thereby Immensely increase the pro
ductive efficiency of such Individual
character, but It can never be a sub
stitute for it; and If the averaro citi
zen is lacking in character, the gov
ernmental system in which he is tho
any honorable fashion, who is thor
oi'ghh itblo to guard himself from any
wrong doing by others, but who scorns
himself to do wrons to any man, and
who realizes that each of us owes a
dutv to others as well as to himself.
Thse are the ordinary, homely com
monplace, workaday virtues, but they
are the all-essential virtues; for they
are the virtues that in their sum make
character
"The state cannol prosper unless
the average man can take care of him
elf; and neither can It prosper rnless
the average man realizes that, in ad
d it ion to taking care of himself, he
must work with his fellows, with good
Sense and honesty and practical ac
l .in i ledgi ni' nr of ol'licatkm to the
community a- a v iiole, for the thine'
that are vital lo the interest to the
community as a whole
"There must be lilealism and there
must also he practical eficiency, or
the Idealism w ill he wasted We need j
sound bodies, we need sound minds
in our bodies, but more than either
mind or body is character character. I
into which many elements enter bill
three aboe all others courage, hon :
estv and common sense if the ordin
ary men and women of the republic
have character, the future of the re
public Is assured and if in its citizen
ship rugged strength and fealty to the
common well fare are lacking, then the
brilliant ! Intc-Hett and no piled up
material prosperity will avail to
save the nation from destruction
"By character I mean the sum of!
these qualities, distinct from the pure
h Intellectual qualities, which are es
sential to moral eficiency Among ,
(hem are resolutions, courage, energy, i
power ot self control combined with
fearlessness in taking the Initiative
and assumins responsii-illt v. and a
just regard of the right of others, to
gether with unflinching determination
to one-self lo St creed no matter what
obstacles or harriers have to be beaten
down these qualities and qualities
such .'is these, are what raise to OUT
minds when we speak of a man or a
woman of having character. In cii
tradist inction to one who ios-esvrs
Only Intellect. There Is. moreover,
one qualiiv which perhaps Strictlj
speaking is as much intellectual as
moral, but which is too often wholly
lacking in men ot high intellectual
ability, and without which real harac
ten cannot exist namely, the funda
mental gift of common sense.
Admire Intellect.
"1 am far from decrying Intellect
I loin with the world in admiring it
and paving bomace to m Without
it, above all without Its highest ex
pression, genius, tbe world world
move forward but slowly, and the
purple patches in the era.' garment nf
our actual lives would be sadly shorn
of their glory. Nevertheless, exactly
as strength comes before beauty, so
character must ever stand above in
tellect, above genius Intellect Is fit
to be the most useful of servants; but
It Is an evil muster, unless itself thai
tered by character This Is true of
the individual man It is far more
true of the nation, of the aggregate
of individuals.
'Yet Is a t r . th of which men trend
constantly to dose sight; and the
American republics, north and south,
have in the past shown apaln and
again the curious forgetfulness of it
In mv own country we trend to lay
far too much emphasis on that in
dispensable but one-sided type of In
tellectual vtcor which shows Itself
onlv In commercialism. In business
; achievement : a kind of intellectual
! pow er which is absolutely necessary
'in eithet Individual or national sue
jcess under present-day conditions, and
indeed under all proper conditions
bui which becomes a curve instead of
a blessing If treated as in itself an
end Instead of the carefully regulated
means to an end.
"In some other countries the Intel
lectual manifestations. Instead of ba
ling subordinated to masterlalistic i
achievement, are turned almost wholly 1
into artistic, lit rarr, or philosophical,
channels Here again there nuii-t be
Isuch Intellectual development if thf
jnatlon Is to make a high and lasting
Impress in history, and yet there
must be also be far more such devel '
oprnent if the nation is to accam
pllsb all that Its intellects warrant
Pom the standpoint nf national great
nf?s neither the Intellect which finds
I Its expression in commercialism,
! nor the Intellect which finds Its ex
prosslon In artistic achles ement, can
permanently avail unless based ou a
foundation of character.
Lesson of Antiquity.
"This is the. lesson taught by the
careers of three of the most famors
people of antiquity In the third ceu
tury before our era the civilized
world was under the divided sway of!
I tho Romans, the Greeks, and the:
Phoenician dwellers in Carthage The
Greeks w ere beyond question the I
most brilliant people that ever lived,
iand from that day to this poets, ar
tists, philosophers and historians have
.bowed to them as masters Thev !.
'veloped to the highest point in which
lit has ever been developed the cul
J tured side of the Intellect. On th
(other hand, the totally dlffereut form
I of Intellect which fiuds Its ex-pression
I in purely commercial success has
'ever been more highly developed than
In the rich mercantile oligarchy which
ruled Oartate as similar oligarchies
had once ruled Sldon and Ty re.
"Michael Angclo. Rafael, Dante.Cer
vantea and Camoens. and all the
j scholars of philosophers of the most
famous medieval universities, were
'the spiritual heirs of the Hellenic re-
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publics mid Hellenistic Unsdoms; aud
all tbe achievements ol the modem
lords ot finance and captains ol In
dustry, when we consider the rela
tive means "itu which the ancients
worked, do not Burpass those oi Lhfi
Imarvelpxe maetert or commerce
whose Ueels furrowed th; water of
unknown opeans lo order to swell
th princely wealth oi the Medlter
Iranean merchani citlea Yet the
iGrecU and tlic- Gaithaglqlan iillkc
I wore Htruck down by Hie Iron Roman
I because, although tho Roman had
.cither ntithor the fine culture or the
oue nor the commercial geniud of I lie
other he ppsSesSsd what both of tlu-m
lacked, the jy'm strength of character
which showed Itself In scorn of more
luxury, in aenee of dutv tb the com
jmonwealth, a power to command :md
obey, and in the unshaken foitltud
and endurance which enabled him to
WTesI ultimate triumpli out ol immedi-;ite-
disaster
Present Day Conditions.
'Under present-day conditions,
character needs to show Itself in dlf-
I fercnt fashion Nevertheless, is Is
vitally necessary as ever to the W'dl
being of the nation. If ihe men of
I wealth and social -landing grow Idle
and luxuiioiiH. if the) shirk the per
formance bl the duty to the while
people which their position ought tc
eutall, it they lose their sense of
patriotism and. whether at home or
m asme alien citv, lead lives deot
ed to -oft or vicious self Indulgence
why, If such Is the ca-. no cultlva
tion of mind, no adroitness In finan
cial transections, will avail to save
L
l them from the contempt of all those
Iwhoae respect Is best worth having
"Of course corruption in any form
whether in the world of politics Or
I in the world of business, represents
an offense sgaihai the cbmmunltj efsb
grave a character that the olieml.-r
should be hunted down as a criminal,
land the create! his ablMtj ami sul
ci IS the greater Is the wrong lm lie
I committed, and the heavjei sho 'd be j
; hi.- punishment. The sneering indif
I faience to or conhivance at cornip
tlon is almost as bad as corruption
Honest rigid honesty, i- a
tool virtue; and If not present no
other virtue can atone ioc its lci E '
Bin we iannot afrord to be satisfied 1,
with a negative virtue of not being !
corrupt! We need the Verile; pesitlvij
latut Tht all-. " iiiial irtut a ;
loilgbl not to re. and in D thoroughly
I health) DO Sim Uillt) are not. of e$
ccptional type. ! j
THINGS TO WORRY ABOUT I
i" . sloth has I ij
been unearthed at ls Angeles. 1 mmm
