Newspaper Page Text
BrijjFftr .. JgJ ' ""iip ,"rwl11 f " '"" ' if" 'i. "i t- ii ". -j-.tt-nMa .,. .-.. ,, .-,. .. , n. MB VH
El FBOOUGTION OF PERFUMERY PLANTS
EM ;i A GENERAL PERFUMERY INDUSTRY OF GREAT PROFIT
EOfc EXISTS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND
EP SHOULD BE MADE TO PAY HERE.
Wi.i Bv Frank Ra,balc
Rii '
RlstW'' f tho countless numbers of plants
1"', !n tho vegetable kingdom many poss-1-
cs peculiar aromatic odors. Beforo
the art of distillation was known, the
ancient peoplo used odoriferous plant3
and spices In their dried forms for
their agreeable odors. Gradually
however, tho development of special
utensils for other domestic purposes
may have resulted In tho discovery of
i- methods for the separation of odora
from plants and plant products. Tho
first mention In ancient Greek wrlt
w lngs of the separation of an odor
JI from a crude substance is that of tho
;u oil of cedar, which was separated
from the olcorcsln by means of the
crudest form of apparatus. With
tho development of tho necessary ap
paratus, extensive perfumery lndust-
rles have arisen.
In southwestern France a general
perfumery Industry of great import
ance, based on the production of lav
ender, casslo, rose, violet, and other
f jg perfumery plants, has grow up. The
' attar of roses from Bulgaria and Tur
key, the rose-geranium oils from Al-
gcrlo. Reunion, and other French col-
onlcs, the lavondcr and other esscnt
5. lal oils from England, and the citrus
53 oils from Italy, as, well as the lemon-
T grass, cltronells, vetlvor, and other
-r volatllc-oll and perfume-producing
a1' products from India, may be men-
" Honed as Important Industrial pro-
jj ducts. In the United States and in
Japan the production of peppermint
Dll and Its produce constitutes an 1m-.-
portant industry.
$ At the present time the number of
- plants In the United States yielding
oils In a commercial way Is very
small, but the number capable of
yielding oils of probable value Is cor-
- responding! great. At present the
cultivated plants are principally the
'- mints, peppermint and spearmint, to-
1 gether with small quantities of
wormwood, tansy and wormseod. The
wild plants Include sassafras, wlnter-
i green, sweet birch, Canada fleabanc,
blue-gum, wild bergamot, horscmlnt,
t - and penny-royal.
Oil of turpentine has been distilled
: 6 commercially for more than a century
' a and Is produced on a very extensive
.cale. Unlike most volatile oils the
oil of turpentine Is not distilled di
rectly from tho plant but results as
one- of the products of the distilla
tion of the olcoresln obtained from
several varieties of pine trees.
Up to tho present time tho cultl
( vatlon of perfume-yielding plants has
not been carried on. even oxpcrlment-
" """rrasbver a very large part of the
y - .nJTCSa States, and such work of this .
Ki v ort as hnH been done Is confined to '
fljy , -- .- -w- --
h NECESSITY BREEDS THIIIFT.
gfefcjL An Illinois man who last year mado
fy!jr ftn extended trip through Maine, New
Jj? "t Hampshire, Vermont and other far
.' Eastern states, declares that a Now
lw r t England farmer would make a for-
Kij tune out of what the average Western
jcfj farmer allows to go to waste. And he
ly '8 pretty nearly right. Everything
glp that comes out of the Boll in Now Eng-
1ui 'nnd mU8t l, dragged out by the. high-
fill wt agricultural skill. The soil back
IW there Is not as generous ay It Is In tho
llfY West and therefore the farmers of.
IF .that country have learned to make tho
llw most of whatever they get.
Aft 4t This necessity has bred wonderful
i ft- thrift, which is evident In the well-
I " jkept fences, painted barns, tho ab-
T Isenco of machinery left exposed to tho
1 J weather and fields that are all cultl-
I 1 ivated, leaving no waste places.
I IIs In tho West the rich soil produces
"k 'crops bo generously that farmers have
, ft, not felt the necessity of saving. They
I took what thoy noedod, and every year
have allowed millions of dollars to go
to waste from lack of foresight and
proper care. These methods are being
,changed, however, and as tho value of
farm produce Increases and Westorn
'.soil bhows signs of decreasing fortuity,
wasteful Western farmers are begin
ning to read the handwriting on the
wall and taking eomo slight heed of
the thrift of their New England
brothers, arc beginning to coax their
tired soils back to strength and to con
serve all that they produce.
True, thoy are only beginning to
profit by tho lessons of tho past, but
this beginning Is auspicious for better
methods, larger prosperity which must
'be born of necessity.
Oar1 , -
but a few kinds of plants. However,
tho wide diversity In climate and soil
In different parts of tho United States,
with the varying conditions of hdat,
light, and moisture, renders It pro
bable that some portions of tho
country will bo found to be well fitted
for tho cultivation of tho perfumery
plants characteristic of the temperate
zonos. It appears probable that the
conditions prevailing In thoso parts of
Europe associated with tho perfum
ery industry can bo fairly well dup
licated. It will doubtless require
much experimental work to find the
particular localities best suited to
special plants.
It must be borne In mind, however,
that not only must conditions of soil
and climate be right but that tho
labor conditions which, go with tho
problem mUBt bo met in a practical
way. The distance of the point of
production and tho transportation
factors are also Important and might
be decisive.
Favorable conditions of soil and
climate In the United States point to
a very considerable extension of the
volatile oil industry also.
With an lncrcasod practical know
ledge of how to handlo the crops of
greatest promise and with r working
familiarity with the forms of appar
atus used in separating the oils, the
preliminary steps leading to BUch an
extension will have boon taken. Bo
forc.a full-fledged Industry can be ex
pected to appear, however, much pre
liminary experimental work must be
done over a wide area in order to as
certain tho most successful combina
tions of soil, climate, and labor con
ditions. From the standpoint of the con
sumption of products derived from
volatllo oils obtained from plants, tho
commercial statistics show a largo
and active market. They also show
that the demand Is now supplied In
very large pnrt from foreign sources,
and an active interest in testing the
possibilities of our land Is suggested
The best feed for chicks in a variety
of ground grains, consisting of corn,
wheat, Kaffir corn, millet and hulled
oats Fe6ds of theso and similar good
mixtures ar purchasable at less cost
than the mixture can be proparcd by
the Individual. Also give them char
coal and fine grit. Never feed any wet
feeds.
An interesting scheme of selection
in growing annuals is to start with the
A'8 in the seed catalogue and plant a
certain number each year until the
entire alphabet has been covered
s MAKE THE SCKO0L-YARD BEAUTIFUL
$ Why should not the school ground
7g be made ono of the beautiful places
Bmf of the school district' Hero
'' tho children i-pend most of their
fMv . wakeful hours, more during the
Jgm . school term than at home. These
mA" o hours of study or play mean much
&1$- " more If the surroundings are con-
' ductlve to putting forth the best ef-
forts.
H. TheSirecn leaves of the spring, tho
K colored follago of the fall, the sum-
Br acs, asters and goldenrod, all add
- something toward creating- a more
H, cheerful spirit.
This Is the day of popular educa-
jC tlon. Every condition that will bo
jK most favorable to all should be pro-
K vldcd If within means.
W What docs It cost to plant a tree
i IK or a shrub? How expensive Is It to
IIM set out a flower? Very little time
j
need be taken to clean up a school
yard If there are willing hands.
Every boy and girl can be made
willing to help, there are always pat
rons who are willing to assist If they
know what you want done
All that lf necessary to do work of
this kind Is to arouse a little Interest
among tho children and patrons.
The children should be permitted
to do a part of the work, becauo It
Is a Joy to a child to know that he
has assisted In doing a good work.
Ate fences necessary to protect the
plants? Not at all. Public senti
ment will protect a flower if tho pub
lic, through Its children, helped In
the planting. Yes, there Is an ex
ceptional Indifferent one now and
then, but the public that has a beauti
ful school-cround and has exper
ienced a new feelllng because of It,
will take care of tho indifferent one.
M ..: y .v.ts '::L9..:.'; "v' '
V ! "a i J - .
m I . II" I
wimWNftjT Siji
lw : I
; ::- ' oak ii JlW -
-jiu (iybit IS
OAK. OAK. j ! Jr '
1 Ntftvt fotrsr'rrixs .bttuiTAE ntcewn. ruHtto .;. wueatBy
'Ml IJlarnm showing planting on a country school-gronnd In Western Ohio.
I? If
KNEUJ OF OLD MHvK PAUj.
A wonderful sj'atem of ventilation
has beon devised for dairies, and iti
general adoption by all farmers who
apply intolllgonco and sclontlflc meth
ods to their ventures proves IU morlt.
But pure air alono Is not sufllclcnt for
tho cow barn. No dust must bo per
mitted to accumulate, tho barnB ehould
bo kept In perfect sanitary form, and
the animal must be subjected to fre
quent cleaning operations. Scientists
havo sounded the knell of the old
fashlonod milk pall with its flaring
edges. The small topped pall Is In
favor. It offerH lew of an opening for
bacteria that may fall into the milk
during the process of milking.
Some bacteria invariably are found
in milk. The laboratory Bhows, how
ever, that these germs are beneficial
rather than Injurious to the human
consumers. But the presence of bac
teria directly traceable to filth and In
sanitary conditions la at once a source
of danger and a signal for medical
warfare on tho undesirable dairy.
"Keep the cow stable as noat and as
clean an the kitchen," is the Blogan of
tho most progressive dairymen- They
aro in the ascondency. Tho careless,
old-faahloned dairyman Bees plainly
the handwriting on the wall.
GOOD "HORSE SENSE."
Never feed a horse when It Is very
warm
Vt u cannot begin to feed and train
a colt too early.
Exercise sweating In a horse Indi
cates weakness.
Drive a colt the flrt time with a
fast walking iaorso.
THE TURNIP AND ITS EHEMIES
j By W. K, Gilbert, " 4, ,
Swedes may bo sown any time from
the flrst of May until the 15th of
June In the Northern latitudes; In the
South earlier of course. It Is not my
intention to go Into the details of cul
tivation of this crop, but to point out
somo of the dangers of failure. Theso
are: Poor cultivation, Insect pests
and disease.
The most troublesome Insects aro
the fly. tho wlroworm and tho aphli:
tho diseases are club foot, or flngor
and too and the phoma disease caus
ing decay of tho bulbs.
The turnip-fly is the moBt trouble
some in dry weather. It frequently
clears off tho young plants so effect
ually that a second sowing becomes
necessary.
The steps that havo been found
mont useful to save the crop from the
fly are good cultivation, thick sowing,
stimulating manure, mixing the seed,
various dressings and light rolling
Good cultivation, which reduces tho
soli to a fine tilth, makes all con
ditions favorable for rapid growth,
and retains moisture In tho soil for
sustaining growth.
Stimulating manuro Is a very great
help against the fly as It hurries tho
plant past the dangerous stago.
Farmyard manure Is not actlvo
enough for this, but If in addition to
the farmyard manuro, 1 cwL. per acre
of nitrate of soda and a suitable
quantity of superphosphate of basic
slag bo applied beforo sowing the seed
the growth will be rapid and danger
of failure reduced.
ThLs artificial manure should not be
scattered through the soil, but should
be laid In a row along the drills, after
they arc half closed over tho farm
yard manure.
GlHCH '
THE ARABIAN" HORSE.
The best authorities on the Arabian
horse claim there never was a really
pure one of that breed that was spott
ed or calico In Color P-ven tho cir
cus men. however, have not nearly
so much use 'or the skewbald horse
as thoy once had. The small supply
Alls their demand. Thoy find that
horses of the draft breeds pull their
wagons better, while for ring uses
tho tougher bono and sinew of the
thoroughbred or trotter recommend
them. Still some attractions die hard
and a few spotted freaks arc always
to be found beneath every big can
vass The Arabian horse may briefly
bo described as a thoroughbred on a
small scale. There are many flnc
specimens of the breed in this country
but more in England. It Is difficult
to get really good specimens out of
the Sultan's domains. Not only Is
their exportation prohibited by Im
perial decree, but rivalry among the
sheiks of the nomandic Arabians
which own the best bands Is so keen
thnt good stallions can hard'y be
bought at flrst hands and no one
wants to pay much money for a poor
Individual and then go deep down in
pocket two or three times more to
place It on ship-board.
CERTAINLY WELD WORTH TRY
ING. One of the ohado trees In front of
our lawn was so badly rubbed by a
horse that the leaves wilted and tho
tree seemed to bo going to die. but It
was saved by a heroic irrigation treat
ment. A pall of water was tied to a
limb of the tree and a twig about tho
size of a lead pencil inserted In tho
wator, after having the ond cut off.
Tho water was absorbed by capillary
attraction, and after a week's treat
ment the tree was as fresh as ever.
In hot dry weather I afterwards tried
the same plan on all the trcca on our
lawn, and found It to bo by far tho
most effectlvo method of watering
them. A. Benson, Colo.
CONSERVING OUR RESOURCES.
How many farmers return to the
land a fair equivalent for what thoy
havo taken out of It? Are our soils
Increasing or decreasing In fertility?
Evory consideration, present and
prospective, points to tho high Im
portance of maintaining and if possiblo
Increasing the fertility of our farms,
and It la just hero that animal hus
bandry mUBt enter Into tho calcula
tion as a prlmo factor.
Stock growing is the backbone of
American business. The farm Is the
foundation of all our commcrco and
Industries, it coji only be made per
manently productlvo If tho land Is
properly fed.
All forms of vegetation draw some
thing from the soil. The roots that
build the plant fllchos dally from
mother earth.
Animal feeding on tho farm lnsurea
the paying back of tomo of the debt,
grain selling sends the farm to mar
ket inch by inch.
Hiccoughing In pigs la caused by a
derangement of the stomach. Ono of
the bem ways to correct the troublo is
to change the ration, feeding loss corn
and more of ouch feed as ground oats
tnd brw.
The closing of tho drills is then
completed, leaving the artificial ma
nuro sufficiently covered not to bo too
close to tho seed, but close enough
to feed tho young root soon after
Bproutlng
Thick sowing Is advisable, partly for
the same reason as the artificial ma
nuring, to hurry the crop past tho
danger stage, aa It Is well known that
plants placed thickly always grow
rapidly. A nccond reason for thick
Turnip Flea Beetle """ "
i jjl L i
V - I '
Cow horn Turnip";, not very good jlelfl
ern, niid Mibject to rot.
ATTRACTIVE CATTLE.
Not very many pure brod herds of
Dutch belted cattle are found nny
Avhcre In America, and their appear
ance at the cattlo shows always at
tracts attention because of the unus
ual color markings. Each animal
possesses the broad white belt about
the body presenting the appearance of
a blanket. Tho breed was brought to
this country about eighty years ago.
and for many yoars was so rare that
herds were exhibited as a circus at
traction. All Importations were mudo
mnny years ago. no new herds hav
ing been Imported during tho last
half century.
Tho Dutch belted cattle have tho
general qualities of the Holstelns and
are Inclined to large milk yield. Aa
the herds actually exist, they arc
probably not equal to soveral other
breeds In average milk yield, but the
comparleon Is hardly fair because
there arc ten herds of Holstcins, Jer
seys or Guernseys to one of tho bolt
ed, and It Is easier to select compet
itive herds of more popular breeds.
One of tho best practical U6cs of
tho pure bred stock Is In crossing
with other cattle. The grade heifer i
of part Dutch belted ancestry Is pret
ty suro to be a good animal for dairy
purposes. She will possess the char
acteristic white bolt, although ends
of' body may bo red or roan Instead
of black. She will bo a largo milk
ylelder, the quality being good, al
though not particularly rich In butter
fat. She Is also likely to bo a long
lived producer and perhaps a lltllo
moro hardy than most puro bred
stock. Tho Dutch belted reproduce
their quality with remnrkable exact
ness when crossing with othor stock.
LIKED THE "BOOZE."
Escaping from their enclosure In
proximity to a bar-room In Trenton,
N. J , two geeie poked themselves
through the vacant spot In tho back
door screen, waddled straight as a
die to the buffet, broko several bot
tles of liquor and consumed sufficient
to make them lndifferont as to tho
route homo. They finally dropped
under tho bar whero they wore dis
covered next morning by the saloon
koeper who found It necessary to
give them cold baths to sober them.
WATERIROOF COATS OF GRASS.
In the tropics of Mexico, where tor
rential rains fall a part of each year,
raincoats arc a very necessary part
of man's apparel. Owing to the In
tonso heat which prevails In tho sum
mer season the ordinary rubber rain
coat cannot bo worn. A rainproof
coat Is made from native grasses and
Is worn by the men of the mlddlo
and upper classes Tho gratse3 aro
woven cloao together, and It Ik Im
possible for tho rain to beat through
them, no matter how hard tho storm
may bo. Somo of those coats aro
made with a hood which protects the
b-eail aa woll-aji tho body.
sowing Is to have enough plants for
somo to survlvo, if the fly should at
tack. Mixing tho seed of white turnips
with the Swedes Is useful, as the fly
finds tho plant of tho white turnip
moro attractive than the Swede.
When tho time for thinning arrives
the lesa valuablo white turnips that
survlvo tho fly, may be thinned out.
Dry, dusty dressings are woll known
to discourage the fly. Tho only favor
able thing that farmers can say of
motorists Is that tho duBt they raise
saves from tho fly any fleld of turnips
that happens next to the road.
Tho dressings usually recommend
ed aro lime, or a mixture of lime,
soot and sulphur. Any dressing of
this kind should bo put on early In
tho morning while tho dew la still on
the leaves. A liquid dressing In tho
shape of paraffin emulsion applied
with a spraying-machine, is alBo very
effective.
The dressings hero recommended
arc also useful to destroy tho gray
aphis, which appears In tho heart of
the leaves In the height of summer
In dry weather.
Rolling an attacked crop or driving
a flock of shcop over tho fleld, has
also been held to be serviceable, the
object being to disturb tho fly, also
to consolidate tho soil around the
plants.
Tho turnip fly lo kept alive on
weeds of tho turnip grass, such as
preshaugh, shophord'a purse, rocket,
etc, and such plants should bo rigid
ly kept down. Also the fly finds shel
ter In heaps of loose rubbiBh around
tho fence?, so that tidy farming may
do a good deal toward reducing tho
damage caused by tho pest.
Wireworms would be reduced very
materially, If the birds were allowed
free range, whllo tho tllago Is going
on, as wlro worms prove an Irresisti
ble attraction to them
.jU i I r
fj? & ft Ml A '
White Vienna Kohlrabi, worth trying.
WHY BAD EGGS?
During tho warm weather thero are
many bad eggs placed on tho market.
These bad eggs may bo dirty. Incu
bated, shrunken or held, rotten or
moldy and bad flavored.
Some of the causes of dirty eggs arc
unsanitary conditions about tho poul
try house; lack of Ilttor In the house:
an Insufficient number of npsta; small
nests, poor nesting material, allowing
hens to roost on nests, and not gath
ering eggs often enough. The fow
dirty eggs that are produced should bo
consumed at homo and not washed
and sold.
With these faults corrected the
number of broken eggs would bo low
ered, for somo of the above conditions
result In both dirty nnd broken oggH.
Tho cause of 6ome of the breakage,
however. Is tho lack of mineral matter
for tho egg shell. Oyster shells or
bone will furnish this mineral matter
for tho production of thicker shollcd
eggs.
Egg producers should take sufficient
pride In their product to give it proper
caro from tho time it is laid until it
Is marketed. Subsequent handlers
should exercise a similar precaution.
Careful attention to these important
points would materially lesson tho
losses enumerated above, and would
add to tho plensuro of producing and
of consuming this important food.
Egg3 may bo a delicacy or only an or
dlnnry. or even Inferior, material for
food purposes, depending vory largely
upon tho way thoy aro handled by
producor, middleman and consumer.
VALUABLE HINTS FOR THE
FARMER.
Treat the herd boar with kindness
and also with considerable caution.
Do not allow tho cows to dry up
during tho latter part of summer as
this necessitates kooplng them
through winter giving a smaller flow
of milk than they should.
A llttlo oil of pennyroyal or oil of
cloves will drlvo flies away from the
stable.
At any season, when the horse has
becomo oxcosslvoly warm ho should
bo coolod off gradually-
Don't change the collar from one
horse to another.
Cultivate a cheorful tone In speak
ing to your horse.
It does not pay to feed and caro
for inferior horses on tho farm.
Warm skim milk for feeding pur
poses soon pay3 tho coat of a farm
separator.
A cow's value Is determined by tho
solids in her milk.'
DON'T WANT JOHNSON GRASS,
Johnson gross has bocomo a serious
obstaclo to successful farming In
many portions of southwestern Ok
lahoma, and tho farmers In several
counties have organized an ansonla
tlon to prevent t!i .spread of the pest,
and to secure enforcement of the law.
Which makes It a misdemeanor for
any person to allow the Johnson grass
to mature on his property, and for
bids his selling hay containing It
without notlco of tho fact to tho pur
chaser. Tho JC.000 horeo once was a requi
site of society. Now the $5,000 dog
has come into fashion as tho substitute
and the business of raising fine dogs Is
Jflcroaslnir every month.
TREES BROWING BY THE MILLIONS, H
IMMENSE PLANTATION HAS BEEN CREATED TO SUPPLY I
ITS NEEDS FOR MANY YEARS TO COME BY, ,., 5 M
I; AN EASTERN RAILWAY SYSTEM. , j. g M
The Pennsylvania railroad company
la raising tho timber for Its ties. A
large piece of farm land belonging
to tho company near Mooresvlllo,
Pennsylvania has been set apart for
forest reservation and here, undor
tho direction of tho forestry de'part
mont of tho railroad, millions of Beed
llng plants are being nursed into a
sufficiently robust life to allow for
tholr removal to other lands belong
ing to the company, whero they can
be permitted to take their chanco of
growing to maturity.
Tho trees selected for this planta
tion aro those which havo proved tho
most desirable for railroad ties.
Thero are acro3 of oak seedlings,
chestnuts, eatalpa plants, black lo
cust, Scotch pine, Austrian pine,
Douglas flr and other trees that aro
of the right material for cutting up
Into railroad tics.
Besides theso troc3 there aro a vast
number of seedlings that havo novcr
been tried for the purpose to which
It Is Intended to put these trees when
they reach maturity, but which
might prove even superior for that
purpose to tho tres that havo al
ways beon selected. Theso seed
lings are being grown for the pur
pose of providing the railroad with a
variety of trees bo that experiments
can bo mado in the future to deter
mine which particular tree Is actual
ly the best for furnishing the all Im
portant rail on tho company's way.
It will be forty years or so before
tho trees that now aro In a seedling
state will have attained a growth
sufficient to Justify the forestry de
partment in cutting them down for
railroad tics. The plan 13 to nurso
the seedlings along at tho forestry
reservation until they are sufficient
ly big to permit transplantation.
They will then be taken up and re
planted In some of the rriany vacant
lands owned by tho railroad.
The seedlings will bo planted six
feet apart and will then have to
take their chanco of surviving. Tho
fostering care of the forester cannot
follow them further. As thoy will
be planted on ground belonging to
the railroad, on which no one will
have a right to trespass, It Is prob
able that most of the trees will reach
maturity and will eventually fulfill
their destiny, becoming railroad ties.
The railroad companies possess
Immense stretches of territory along
tho lino of tho permanent wajs.
ground that has been acquired per
force because a right of way could
not be obtained without buying extra
land, and farm land and other real
cstato that has been purchased bo
cause It was seen the company would
some day need It for one of the va-
TREATMEN'T OF LIVE STOCK.
Horses and, In fact all domestic an
imals arc very much moro Impress
ionable than they are generally sup
posed to bo. Cattlo which have had
a kind master, a man of gontlo but
firm nature, show' the offoct of their
associations as a breed or strain.
Years of cood treatment not only
make nn Impression on tho Individ
uals, but aro impressed with buc!i
force as to bocomo a breed character
istic In Bhort, a keen Judge can tell
pretty nearly what sort of association
a horso has" had by his tomperament.
The Importance of creating a good
temperament In a trotting or pacing
horse should not bo underrated. Tho
horse with a good temperament will
do more work and do It better than
ono which has not got a well balanc
ed temperament.
Stock raising If tho best Insurance
JUjolnet an impoverished Agriculture.
ricty of uses to which a railroad cad O
put vacant spaces along its lines. fl H
Tho reservation in Pennsylvania,' 'M
was ono of those vacant stretches. t
and whon tho forestry dopartmont ' ' IH
took it In hand it required tho ser- 1 IH
vices of a small army of workmen to ! t H
redeem tho land from a state of wild- ' f IH
ernessllko confusion. Now cvorythlng ? '
on the plantation is in scientific order L H
and the flno hand of tho skilled for- t" H
ester is evident in ovory lino of seed- F i H
ling rows. A'-r:!
While the railroads of the United A tM
States arc doing- excellent work in Bl
forestry for commercial purposes, B
tree planting for shado and to beauti-
fy our lands Is also going forward
rapidly. But oven bo, it is surprising fl
how few shade trees of beautiful form H
one finds traveling ovor the country. H
We sometimes meet with magnificent
specimens, but usually they aro H
found growing along in some fleld, H
whero tho woodman spared them
years ago. Very fow shado treos of
beautiful form aro found among H
thoso set by man. Naturo gives us H
tho magnificent specimens. H
Too many peoplo got tho Idea that H
shade trees should be set close to- H
gether, so as to glvo a dense shade. H
Trees planted close together will give H
a dense shade, but they will not grow H
up fully developed, or give the land- 1
scapo effect that is obtained by hav- H
Ing well-formed trees properly H
Shade trees, to be of value, should
thercforo bo set, not only with the IH
view of giving a good shade, but H
well spaced, so as to grow up fully v
developed, thereby beautifying tho " H
landscape. Well-formed trees add fl
greatly to the attractiveness of a
farm, but trees set close together are H
not only unsightly, but they cut oft LH
view, thoroby depreciating tho value il
of tho farm. A elnglo great trco,
growing alone In a fleld, Is worth H
more money than a dozen trees set IH
close together. A placo may be vory
unattractive In all other points, but
If It has well-developed shade trees ll
growing promiscuously about, they H
will partially hide tho unattractive
features and add greatly to the value HH
the il
Klndnoss beats gruffnoss in getting
horses. H
Reports from Wyoming are that the
prospects for successful dry-farm H
crops were never more favorable than jH
this spring. There has been much j
snow, and few dry winds havo oc- IH
curred to carry the moisture off, and it H
has practically all gone into tha
ground. Tho farmers arc greatly en- ul
couraged and look forward to a good H
0EPART&1OT OF AGRICULTURE WORK H
The accompanying chart Indicates
approximately the distribution of the
Field Scrvlco of the Department of
Agriculture, as of February 1, 1912,
by states and counties. There aro
1,773 separate agencies represented
throughout tho United States, with
a total of 7,499 employees, divided
as follows:
North Atlantic Statos, 139 locations,
SS8 employes; South Atlantic States,
352 locations, 631 employes, North
Contral States. East of Miss. River,
9-1 locations. 1,002 employes, North
Central States, West of Miss. RIvor.
13S locations, 993 employes; South
Central States, 5G2 locations. 988 em
ployes; Far Western States, 493 loca
tions, 2,997 employes
The large number of locations in
the South Atlantic and South Cent
ral stotes la due principally to tho
Farmer's Co-operation Demonstration
Work, the appropriation for. which
was mado to the Bureau of Plant In
dustry for tho purposo of combating
tho cotton boll weevil. Of a total of
904 locations with 1,619 employes in
these sixteen states, 644 locations with
approximately 060 employee are
charged to Demonstration work,
leaving a balance of 260 locations
with 969 employes assigned to other
lines of activity These demonstra
tion farms aro conducted In tho
Southern states to Illustrate methods
of growing cotton despite the weevil, jH
and to educate tho farmers in crop IH
diversification. Other Plant Indust- ll
cry stations consist of testing gardens, jH
experiment farms, dry land cxperi- IH
ment farms, reclamation projects and
grain standardization laboratories. ' lll
Tho number of locations with ths 1
relatively largo number of employes j
In tho Far West Is due principally j
to tho Forest Scrvlco organisation.
The six fleld districts of this Service ; IH
aro in the Far West with the princi- j IH
pal administrative offices and office
and field employes located lu each ll
District H
The Bureau of Animal Industry ll
maintains a considerable forco of In- WM
spectors nt each of tho principal l
slaughter centers,, such as Chicago ll
Kansas City, South Omuha, Phlladel- IH
phla, New York, etc.. in carrying out iH
tho provisions of tho meat inspection H
law This service covers 239 cities, jH
This explains tho proportionately ' H
large number of omploycs as compar- H
cd with the number of locations in jH
the North Atlantic and North Central H
(East and West) Divisions. Tho orad- I
lcallon of animal diseases, scabies of IH
shcop nnd cattle in tho West and
cattlo ticks In the South, the enforce- I jJ
ment of quarantine laws, a small H
number of experiment stations and IH
tho inspection of Imports at Moxlcan, , H
Canadian and Atlantic ports make up IH
tlie remainder of this service. IH
LEARN TO GRAFT. j
Why not urge tho boys to experl- IH
mont in grafting dlffcront kinds of IH
fruit trees? Dig up some small fruit H
trees such ax plum, cherry, applo or jH
peach. Somo of which can be -raised IH
by planting tho seed. The plum and IH
cherry trees can bo found almost any IH
tlmo whore tho sprouts como from the H
old tree. Then get some limbs from H
a tree of tho earao kind and of a IH
choice variety and bury them all in a H
box of dry dirt In the cellar. At any JA
tlmo during the winter or spring graft IH
thorn and put them back in the dirt H
till tlmo to plant out. John Meyers, H
Whoro the San Jose scale Is H
troublesome tho currant is object- iH
ionablo In the orchard as It affords a JH
great harbor for theso pests, H
Handling colts from tho start ob- H
vlatcs breaking and substitutes train,- 1H
inff. - - " - - -v-v H
