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2 HISTORY STORIES AND PRIZE WINNERS ! The Junior Call wants the best ! story yon can Trrite. from United States history in your oirn.lan , puagre. The story mnst be plainlf written on one side of the paper only, and must contain not more than 800 words nor less than 200. Only one story is desired from each contributor in this contest, bat it is desired that each story stall be carefully written, and especial attention glTen to neat ness, pecmjtnshlp, punctuation and grammar. \ Chooee your own subject, pro- Tided it is a true incident of United States history; for In stance, tell the story of Washing ton's winter at Valley Forge, or of Arnold's treason, or any other story that you prefer. These two sro cited merely as illustrations. On the first line write your sub ject; ca the next line, beginning an inch from the left hand mar- , gin, your name, age and address, and, if you are in school, your school acd grade. Another rcry important point is that each story must be marfced with, the number of words which it contains: write this number in the upper left hand corner of the first pasre. As in the vacation contest, six watches will be awarded each week for the six best stories pub lished. Do not sen I In any more vaca tJoo letters. Send in your history story wneneter you haTe It com pleted to tho best of your ability. IT submitting stories in the history contest juniors are requested to con form strictly to requirements In re gard to form, etc. Write about any Incident in United States history that you choose, but it must be in your own language and must contain not more than £00 words nor less than 200, and must be written on one side of the paper only, with ink or soft black pencil. On the first line write your subject; and the second line, beginning an inch from the left hand margin, your name, a.ge and address, and if you are in school your school and grade. Write the number of words contained in the Etory In the upper left hand corner of the first page. A great many contrib utors in the vacation contest have neg lected this last requirement, and the editor has not the time to count the words in such stories. It is understood that In awarding prizes neatness, spelling:, punctuation and grammar are taken into considera tion. This contest is open to San Fran cisco and California Juniors between the ages of 10 and 16 years, and for the six best stories published each week The Junior Call awards as prizes Xix handsome school watches. For the younger juniors, under 10 years of age, another contest is open, particulars of which are given on the fourth page today. The watches awarded in this week's contest will be mailed In a few days. If you are a winner and have not re ceived yours by next Saturday, let The Junior Call know at once. AWARDED A WATCH BENEDICT ARNOLD'S TREA SON WILLIAM BUCHOLTZ, Taolumne, Cal., Summerville School, liish Sixth Grade, Age 13 Years In the history 01 our country we have had but one traitor, and his name tvas Benedict Arnold. His splendid march through the wilderness to Que bec, his bravery in the attack upon this city, the skill and courage he displayed at Saratoga, had marked" him out as a man of full promise. No man was more trusted or held in higher esteem by Washington than he. In 1778 he was put In command of Philadelphia, and while there he so abused his office that he was sentenced to be reprimanded by Washington.; Washington did this as quietly as possible, as he liked Arnold. Arnold was a man of courage, but he lacked the moral courage which without great abilities counts for noth ing. He applied to Washington in 17&0 for command of West Point, a stronghold on the Hudson river. Arnold's reprimand had aroused a thirst for vengeance and he conceived a plan to prive West Point to the Brit ish. The British agent in negotiation was Major John Andre, who one day met Arnold near Stoney Point. As Andre was riding back he was captured and papers In the handwrit ing of Arnold were found on his per son. Andre was tried as a spy, found guilty, and was hanged. Arnold heard of Andre's arrest in time to escape. He fought against his countrymen, and at the-end of the war \u25a0went to England. The English peo ple hated a traitor, and Arnold died in poverty. On his deathbed he asked a man what Washington had said'when he heard what he had done. The man replied Washington had said: "If I had that limb that was shot oft at Saratoga I would bury it with all the honors of war, but the rest of the body would hang." AWARDED A WATCH FOUNDING OF THE MISSIONS LUCY MAHOXEV, 1661 Washington Street, San Francisco, M. BriKid's School, Blsbth Grade. Agre 14 Years The planting of the cross Is of great interest in history. In the most beau tiful places from San Diego to San Francisco, missions were erected. And ebout 100 years after this the early pioneers built houses of the most hand- Borne and modern architecture. The buildings have the color and atmos phere of California. The delicate dove colored adobe walls, the red color of the roof, the violet haze of the moun tains, and the tonish . color s of the distant hills all seem to harmonize. About noon, on July 1, 1769, Junipero Serra stood on the shores of San Diego bay, and as he looked out upon the soft waving ocean his soul was filled with joy as he picked up a soft golden poppy and exclaimed, "I have found it." meaning the land of beauty, Cal ifornia. His Journey from Mexico to California was exhausting. July 14. 1769, Father Crepl. by the advice of Charles 111, started north ward overland to found Monterey,' but his journey, was a failure, so he was compelled to . return. Father Junipero Serra raised across at the mark which is now known as twin palms. San Diego. There he cele brated nmss. while the colored natives looked on with wonder. , They did not eat because they were afraid of sick ness. This was fortunate for the Span lards, their food being limited. One night the Indians made an attack on the little band and wounded several* The Spaniards then- removed their -mission to the San Diego river. -^Father Juni pero Serra left a number there under Father Jayme. The Indians again tried to attack them, but the Spaniards killed many, while the others fled. and never returned. _. ' Junipero sailed to found another mission April 16. and Jnund a smooth body of water and deep enough *for whales to swim In. He landed on the .morning of June 3,1 ; 1770, and took possession of the place, which he called Monterey. " Six Watckes Are Awarded to JuMors^'fe^ AWARDED A WATCH BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG Florence Roberts, Burllngaiue, 13 Years Lee was one of the ablest of the confederate generals, and having suc cessfully defeated General Hooker at the battle of Chancellorsville, he was encouraged to make a second invasion of the north. . Meade had been given command of the union troops. He was marching through Pennsylvania on the 23d of July 1863, when unfortunately he acci dentally encountered General Lee and a large force of confederate soldiers. Then on the hills of Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania, was fought one of the most memorable battles ever known in the history of tha world. The bat tle raged for three days. The first day smiled cheerfully upon Lee, andJils men retired full of hope that , they would win. The second day the union forces put forth all their skill and the energy tnat was needed for success, and at the day's end, when the sun sank into Its peaceful slumber, victory smiled almost assuredly upon Meade. The third day was the fjnal test, ending with Meade victorious at the battle 01 Gettysburg. * . , . So terrible was the battle and bo great the loss of llfft that it is often called the second battle of Waterloo. Over 50,000 men were killed and wounded, about one-fourth of the-"en tire armies. The loss of life on both Kidtß was very heavy. Lee retreated to Virginia, where he spent the winter brooding over his de feat. He blamed the confederate au thorities for his defeat, saying^ that they neglected to supply him with am ple reinforcements. VII over the battlefield today may be seen monuments marking places where the battle raged thickest. Abraham Lincoln, at the delication of the Gettys burg monument, delivered, a most Im pressive and patriotic oration that deeply moved the hearts of all nls hearers. AWARDED_ A WATCH THE SURRENDER OF CORN WALLIS LESLIE TARIEL 2917 Chapman Street, Fruitvale. St. Elizabeth's Grammar School, A Eighth Grade. Age 13. The scene 01 tne surrenuer w<xo muou imposing. The army was drawn up in two lines, extending over a mile — the Americans on one side, with General Washington at their head, and the French on the other, with Count Roch- army, about 7,000 in number, with slow step, shouldered arms and cased colors, marched be tween them. A prodigious crowd, anx ious to see Cornwallis. had assem bled, but the. haughty general, vexed and mortified at his defeat, feigned illness and sent his sword by General 3'Hara. With a fine delicacy of feeling, Washington directed the sword to bo delivered to General Lincoln, who, 18 months before, had surrendered at Both S parties felt that this surrender virtually ended the war. Joy pervaded every patriot's heart. All the hard ships of the past were forgotten In the thought that America was free. The news reached Philadelphia at 2 o'clock a. m. The people were awak ened by the watchman's cry, "Past 2 o'clock; and Cornwallis is taken. Lights flashed through the houses, and soon the streets were thronged with crowds eager to learn the glad ne\ys. Some were speechless with aengnt. Many wept, and the old door keeper of congress died of joy. Congress met at an early hour and that afternoon marched in solemn procession to the Lutheran church to return 'thanks to Almighty God. ' ,'-'•', All hope of subduing America was now abandoned by the people of Eng land and they loudly demanded the removal of the ministers who coun seled war. The house of commons voted that whoever advised the king to continue hostilities should be con sidered a public enemy. AWARDED A WATCH LIEUT. CUSHING AND THE ALBEMARLE GEORGE R. DIM3IEKMAX, 1840 Jackson Street, San Francisco. "B"' Seventh Grnde. Pacific Heights School. Age 13 Years The Albemarle was a confederate ironclad. She had for a long while preyed upon federal commerce and was the dread of all. union , merchantmen. She was now anchored In; the Roanoke river undergoing repairs. Lieutenant Cushing was given command of an ex pedition to destroy her. On a dark night, with a few picked men In a little launch, dishing made his way up the river under cover of the overhanging trees. Soon, he was able to distinguish the dark outline of the Ironclad in the gloom. But a doer gave the alarm, and soon the rifle bulletfl from the ship v and camp famn splashing in the water around the.-.. As Cunning drew near tho ram. he paw that she was surrounded with l«y-- Hastily examining them he caw that they were moss covered and Elipp«"-" backing out he charged the logs at full epeed. They yielded read< and the launch was soon alongside the ironclad. The men had meanwhile fixed tne torpedo to a long iron rod and laid the trigger string close to Cushlne-'s band. He lowered the torpedo bar into the water and raised it until he felt It reach the Ironclad's bottom. Just then the muzzle of a large gun was poked out of an open port and a 100 pound shot roared- harmlessly over their heads, dishing laid hold of the torpedo string and gave it a vigorous pull. There was a muflled roar, a col umn of water rose and the Albemarle keeled over. Ordering his men to swim for their lives; Cushinir himself Jumped over board- Some were shot and some were drowned, but dishing escaped and after many days he captured a skiff and made his way back to his ship. AWARDED A. WATC3H THE PURCHASE- OF ALASKA IRMA LTLREY, Modesto. Eighth Grade. . Age 15 Years Alaska was discovered by the Ru6- ; tians under Bering in the year, 1741. The United States purchased this cold region in 1887 for |7,200.000,v1t was thought to: be;a: very foolish, act/by the American people. -Alaska extends from north to; south the- distance 7 of more than 1,200 "miles and contains about 560,000 square -miles.; Part of it is in the Arctic zone, therefore It is very cold. " The Yukon river Is the largest stream in Alaska. It is about 2.000 ; mileslong. The Klondyke is also a noted rlvor. - • Sitka is the capital of Alaska, There is a large naval storing house in Sitka.. which at that Hime .was called "Sitka of New Arki Angel." The Mount 'Ellas- mountains are very high, ranging from 1.400 to 20,000; feet. There \u25a0 are many; volcanoes . and - glaciers. Soon after the ; purchase the ; people began, the. great fur : trade, .which '». still exists. Many seals are -caught at : the Pribijof islands. The fur trade In 1880 was worth $2,096,500 and has increased greatly. '^tfiPMHtfaWMMiMHMMM = Gold mining is - another important in dustry. The famous Iregion, and also the Yukon valley,.: are, great mining fields. In 1898 there wasa'great rush to the .Klondyke and Yukon The Sau Francisco Nov. 21, 1908; .The Junior^ Call Section. and the yield was $10,000,000. The chief mine was at that time the "Tread well." . * -\u25a0\u25a0'.-\u25a0 The governor and all other .officers are appointed by the president of. the United . States. The first governor was Mr. Dodge. . There are many large trees, but the cedar is the' largest.: At one, time a ca noe was made from a -large -tree; grown in Alaska" In which 200 Indian warriors stood at one time.- -There are also great salmon fisheries and numerous, other kinds. \u25a0 And to think that the greater part of tho American people thought this purchase a piece ; of foolishness! How mistaken they were-. / THE FIRST SHOT OF THE CIVIL WAR DROADLEV FARMAR, 2236 Post Street, San Francisco, Age 10- Years It was fit, indeed, that such a great deed, "the firing of the first shot of the civil war," should be done under cover of darkness. ; When Anderson received the message from Beauregard that in one hour he would open, fire on Fort Sumter ha ordered the sentries to x be removed from the fort and the flag, which had been lowered in the: evening, to now bfe raised, and then settled down to await the shook. At half past 4, just before dawn, the first shot was 'fired. A few moments of quiet followed this act. Then, from Fort Moultrie. Point Pleasant,. Fort Johnson, the floating battery; Cummlngs Point and Sulli vanfc island, came a steady fire. / Anderson and his little gathering still satin their fort, unmoved by the battle raging without. The shells of the enemy were loudly clamoring for admittance, but not a shot had been fired in return.- At » half past 6 tho men breakfasted and then divided into three reliefs, and the men were ordered to their places, and the quiet of the fort was now broken, as shell after shell came from the mouths of the guns. By this time the shores of Charleston harbor were lined by hundreds "of in habitants, eagerly awaiting the result of the conflict. Time after time the barracks took fire, but were extinguished, chiefly through the bravery of Mr. Hart, a New York volunteer. When darkn«ss. fell Anderson or dered his men to stop firing .and rest, but the enemy stillkept it up. Again the barracks caught fire, but this time all efforts to extinguish the flames proved^ fruitless. . All hands were taken from the guns to keep the fire from the ammunition, which at last had to be rolled into the sea. Finally the fort was surrendered on terms agreed to by General Wig fall and Major Anderson. ; THE WAR OF 1812 v DOROTHY BAROXIDIS, 1336 Spruce Street, Rerkeley, McKinley School, A Eighth Grade. Age 14 Year* One fine day, about a hundred years ago, a ship was sailing slowly along the coast of Virginia.* Upon the deck stood two men, one of whom was gaz ing with loving eyes on the fast near ing shores of his native land. He had been long - absent, and was eager to meet his dear wife and children. As. ho turned to speak to his companion he noticed the- sails of another vessel coming behind them.! "She carries British colors," he said, after a mo ment, "and seems to be galnlngon us." "Yes," replied the other, "I've been watching her some minutes. I think she Is chasing us/' Jw&BSjS&'&BRHjBBQGB By this time there was commotion on deck and the captain: of the Chesa peake, for such was the name of the American boat, was giving orders to hoist all sail. The other ship, an Eng lish frigate named Leopard, had come near and made signals that they were going to search for deserters. The American captain refused. to allow this, and then the English fired several times, killing and wounding many on board. Seeing they were outnumbered, the Chesapeake surrendered, and the Brit ish came on board. Four men were captured, among \u25a0 them the man who had been so eagerly waiting to land and meet his dear ones. ."I am an American, you have no right," he began, but with many an oath they cuffed and forced him over into the British ship, claiming that he and the other three were deserters. Although it is a sad fact that he was hanged as a deserter, it is- good to know that a few years afterward England had to haul down her flag to America 12 times out of 15 battles. - T Many citizens had been thus kid Physical Education in the San Francisco Public Schools — pHB system of physical education in 1 the public schools of San Francisco as adopted by the board of educa tion and supervised by Profs. Robert 11. Barth and George S.Miehling is that outlined .in the "Progressive Lessons in Physical Culture" by the- director of physical culture of the .Uni versity of California, which begins with the ' first and second grades, consisting in the simplest calisthenics, and is developed step by step through the different grades .up to the eighth ; grade, where it culminates in. the so called setting up exercises.. The suc cess of this system was shown at the first indoor track 'meet of the Public School athletic league of San Francisco at the Auditorium'on November »6,.looS, when over. 3oo pupils from" the different grammar schools in San Francisco com peted* running; from: 50 'yards up ,to BSO yards,. at weights from, SO pounds up to unlimited weight. ; There are exercises .performed in. the seats which consist, of trunk move ments as follows: ;\u25a0\u25a0> Body": erect, ;feet together, the ., trunk' is turned, in dif ferent directions, rights and left,, for ward and backward,' first -with .the tips of the ftngera' lightly;; on the shoul ders, - then with arms vertical, front and side horizontal.) exercises in the seats are intended to, give the. children a correct- position , at their desks.^^^ MBBRRp*- . • " After this 'come the, exercises stand-; ing in the aisles, :bodyUerect,\hips well back, lieadup, chip -in; arms and hands: at the sides, palms front;, heels 'together, feet at- an angle-'of: 60 ; degrees; the weight on the .ball of the foot; then "rest standing" /placing r the : lef t or right "foot six : inches 'in front or rear, the weight ' of ; the body resting equally nu 'In i Mr frit ' r^^BfJEjWpW '-"\u25a0\u25a0'\u25a0 The^ next command is at /'attention,*' which :is in v the ; position ., of |a % soldier. In this standing position': the "exercises consist of movementsfor the J head, with arms front. horizontal, i 'Bide; horizontal and; vertical, pending fof;. the nock;; in di ff erent : directions ; \ leg " exercises, "; half bend and full : bend ; .balance exercises ; alternate foot exercises; ';. wrist . and hand ' exercises,^ flex ; and- extend : Jrais^ ing : on^toesn; full /step for ward f and backward, "•' marching; andjexf ercises in .marchirig;(when it. is possl-" '. ble 'to have *, the) pupijsr perform" in the school yards, ; mill tary i;v tactics \[: and quickstep)' form" a t continuation of the calisthenic ; drills and the| lesson Icloses' .with ; deep, '-'rhythmical -.breathing : move ments. ; ' _.; °, " * ',\ '•-" : ; V, All these exercises are executed every day at 10 o'clock \&. m.^and-^2; o'clock p. in., : and each lesson;consumes- from naped and these cruel outrages led to the war. . .' \u25a0 HENRY BROWN v ruth laS'DKAmp; 3212 Garfield "Avenue, Aliimetla, U'ilsnn School, :B: B Ely/hth tirade. i , Age 14 Years •Henry ; Brown was a slave, who, much; dissatisfied with i his condition of be ing held in bondage and misery, de cided upon having himself shipped in. a strong; wooden box to Philadelphia. When Brown's master was . busy, or away, from home he procured some heavy timbers .and- nailed them: to gether : securely. One of Brown's : friends nailed the cover on the box. wrote the address and also, "This sido up,', with care." Hlb food consisted of a dram; of water and- a few biscuits. Sometimes in shipping the express men" were not careful, and the box was upside .down, bo' the occupant rested onhis-head. > .: When; the box reached Philadelphia It was -iaken into a . email- boarding house or" inn, ,to which it was ad dressed. The people being notified of the occurrence took the box into a small room, bolted the door safely, and then knocking on the box asked. "All . right?" and a voice from within answered, "All right." The box was hastily opened ,and Brown emerged from the box "as one from the dead. , He shook hands with his deliverers, sang songs,. and thanked God for his deliverance. From this time -on;'. Brown 5 was ; a free man," to go and to come at: his own good pleasure. This : incident and others helped to form the later "fugitive slave law." DEATH OF WASHINGTON lIARV JOHXSTOX, 3510 Sixteenth Street, San Francisco. Arc - 15 Years George Washington, after a .brief ill ness, died at his. home at Mount Ver non December 14, 1799. Napoleon ordered all the flags in France to be draped- in black -for 10 days, for the entire nation was. bowed with deep grief at the death of one who: had been "first in war. first in peace and first, in the hearts of his countrymen." - In Philadelphia John Adams had been inaugurated,' and during his, adminis tration the new capital on the banks of the Potomac. was occupied by congress in November, 1800. This territory was given the ; name;of district of Colum bia. It was 'a tract of land 10 miles square, given by Maryland and Vir ginia. . The new city .was named Washington and was laid out- on a spacious scale by Mayor -Enfant, a French engineer. .Washington when president had en tered '-with : unwonted ardor into the plans projected for developing the new capital.-; He pictured the city which bore, his iname as an instructor for the coming youth in lessons of lofty patcjotism, and he prophesied for it national greatness. The I : cornerstone of the capitol was laid* September IS, 1793, and the gov ernment offices weri3 transferred from Philadelphia to Washington in October, 1800. ' . WASHINGTON'S EARLY LIFE TAYLOR .GIUVKS San Anselmo, Cal. 'San Anschno Gram ; mar School, Sixth Grtule. Age 12 Years. George Washington was born at Bridges Creek in Westmoreland county, Virginia, .on February 22, 1732. -His father. .Augustine Washington, was a •Virginia* planter and. kept many slaves. When George was 3 years old his home, burned down, and the. family moved to another plantation on the Rappahannock ; river. Here George stayed - until he was 11 years' old .When his father died, he and his mother went to live with Augustine Washington, Jr., George's half brother. Here, he went to school' and became, a good student and was very fond of athletic games. He left school- at : 15, when, he went to live with his eldest half brother, Laurence. .- Laurence had a very large estate called Mount Vernon.: Lord Fairfax was an English nobleman who was Lau rence's father in law. He --w^as very, fond of .Washington -and determined to do something for him to help him along. \u25a0Washington was very Interested in surveying,. so Lord Fairfax, who had a, great -many estates ,in Virginia, set him and his brother in law with a company of attendants out to- survey the Shenandoah valley. They had a great : many hardships, such as ford ing rivers and encounters with hostile Indians. v When Washington - returned and showed Lord Fairfax his surveys he .-•-••••-•\u25a0••-t«»-«..«..««»..»-«..»..»..»..».-«~»« ..»-«-•..»-#-«..». flve to ten nil nu tes. Every two weeks the lessons i aro^changed. there ; being IS different "sets ?of - exercises .in the gymnastic \; program^: jand::- lessons ,; are concluded V at ;: the .i find -""of ; each™.2chool year" with a , summary" combining-.- the principal movements .of the annual work. •\u25a0 •, . \u25a0•\u25a0.;.. . v \u25a0 . As already mentioned,': the - pupils • of was very much pleased with . him. Washington followed this business for three -or .four-. years, but when the French and/ English were, at -war . he joined themilitia'and was made; major inthe latter.- ; He was sent: with a mes sage to a French . fort and while many men would have been afraid to enter tHe enemy's lines; he wasnot.vWash ington- was very-: brave at. the battle where -Braddock ' was defeated,' and many say that if he had been in com mand the battle would have been -won. After the . war.Jhp was married and led a quiet life until the revolutionary war broke out. . a BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL EDWARD M'GIiADE San Frnnclsco. Elshth . Grade, - St. , Peter's Boys'. School It -was on. the 17th of Jun«. 1<75, that this now f amous r battle took place. The : British army, had been increased to 10,000 men • and was composed of vet-, erans. ; while, on the other hand, -the American iirmy, though -larger, was composed of raw recruits: Their, offi cers, .however- were men who had seen service. Artemas Ward of Massachu setts held chief command. ' " On the- 16th of June It' wa» ascer-r tajned that th.«v British were going to seize Bunker hill and fortify it. Colonei Prescott .was dispatched from Cam bridge to anticipate this movement. He marched at night and in the darkness mistook Breed's hill for BUnker hill and fortified the former. The men Worked all; night, and frequently tfould be beard the British sentries' "All's well" on Copp's hill, Boston. Next morning the British were surprised to see breastworks six feet high Overlook ing them. A council of war was held and it was decided. to attack the Amer icans immediately. General Howe at once set out .with 3,000 veterans and began , to storm the position. The Americans were ordered to . reserve their fire until the whites of the enemy's eyes could » be seen. It was difficult to keep the colonists from fir ing, but at last the order was given and the front part of the British • col _umn was swept away. They recoiled • and rallied for a'second assault. Again they came forward and were allowed to come to within .10 rods of the wall, and then again the destructive fire burst out. After rallying again they rushed up the hill and the Americans, after having fired theirlast round of ammunition, met them with stones clubbed muskets. It was of no use and they were compelled to retreat. Though the Americans had a decided advantage, the' English, remaining mas ters of the field, claimed the victory. THE DARKEST PERIOD OF THE WAR .--..\u25a0 -- - * . ETHEL GLYXX, 2427 Folsoin Street, Snn Fruneinco. Horace Mnnn School: "A" Eighth . i Grade. Age 14 Years . The, bitterly- coiq. winter or i« < i-<*. accounted as being one of the coldest and most cruel winters ever known in American history, was spent by Washington and his army at Valley Forge on the Schuylklll river about 20 miles from Philadelphia. - Owing to the want of supplies and warmth the suffering of the American army can not be described. Washing ton did not give way to despair, but remained at Valley Forge, because it was the safest place from the enemy. This winter proved to be the darkest period of the war. Washington had a hard time in keeping his men together on account of congress failing to pro .vide money: with which they could buy food, clothing and arms. Had it not been for the financial help of. a few men at this trying time- the soldiers would have starved. But for this and the great influence of Washington, the army might have disbanded." At this dark hour an able Prussian ' soldier joined our : army and drilled the sol diors. . Until the surrender of Burgoyne and Great Britain's offer of peace, the French king could not be persuaded to help us In the war. .At this time, however, he acknowledged- us to be an independent nation and soon had a fleet on its way to help us.":'. THE BOSTON TEA PARTY PEARL E.: ROWLEY, • Cozzcns, Sonoma County. Arc 14 Yearn. The colony was having trouble with England because England considered it inferior and was taxing the people heavily to defray the expenses of the recent wars. They were not allowed to have any voice in the question of taxation, as they were not -represented in the house of lords or the house of commons. They refused to be taxed and refused to give General Gage's our schools? show the results of their physical not ;only in. an in creased' Vitality,' as' demonstrated in the Indoor.- meet'ati the -Auditorium* a short timej ago,;, but" they.-/ also /receive with their lessons; ideas, of ;; L high:'educatiojnal value.; Proper habits ; of .sitting, standf ins and '; walking \u25a0'\u25a0: are i' formed* y They learriS a f prompt and Unstantajiaous ' re army, which was sent to Boston, places to stay. The sight of tents on the common, where the army stayed, so maddened them that they? had a tight in which two men were killed." England, fearing to have trouble, re called the taxes. on 'everything but tea. which was sold at such a low price that " with the tax it was cheaper than before. This angered the colonists, as they were .fighting for more liberty than they had befdre and not a petty tax. At Charlestown the tea was put into a moist place and it spoiled and was sent back-, to England from New York. .The tea ships in Boston refused to leave. \u25a0 \u25a0 ' A meeting was called at once by the revolutionists and they decided to de stroy the tea. That nlsrht a party- of men,' disguised as Indians, with hatcheis in their hands, got aboard. the English vessels and threw over 140 chests of tea into the. sea. That' night, as they returned home, they . were warned by an English admiral that England would retaliate, which sli* at tempted to do. This was one of the causes of the revolutionary war. which won the colonies Independence. THE KU KLUX KLAN DOROTHY KENTZEIi. 104S Larkin Street, San Francisco. Age 13 Years - , • When the reconstruction act was passed In 1867, the negroes were given the right to vote. There were many politicians In the north and some of them were thfe worst sort of men. A number of these poli tician!!, learning that the negroes were enfranchised, w*nt to the southern states "to "run things." These politicians were called "carpet hangers" by the southerners because they carried their personal effects around in carpet bags. The northerners told thn slaves their old masters were going to put them in slavery again, but if they voted for union -men they would remain free. The negroes greally outnumbered the white voters in the south. The carpet baggers, controlling the negro vote. were thus elected to high offices by a large majority. . The tax payers and property owners of the south, seeing the politicians were robbing the states, determined to put a stop to it. -Natives of the south formed secret societies. These societies were called "The Invisible Empire" and "The Ku Klux Klan." Members of these so cieties rode after dark. They were completely disguised by masks and odd costumes and whipped and sometimes murdered their enemies. BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL ETHEL, M. HEXRY, Kins City. Age 15 Years On the 16th of June. 1777, a detach ment of the American soldiers, outside of Boston, was commanded to go over to Charlestown and fortify Bunker hill. Under cover of darkness, the Amer icans crept stealthily up Breed hill which was nearer Boston, and threw up the earth in such a way as to form trenches and forts. On the following morning the Brit ish looked across the water and were greatly surprised to see the breast works the Americans had thrown up. General Howe, the British leader, com* manded his troops to march up tho hill, which they did, firing at every step. "Boys," said Colonel Prescott. the American leader, "we have no powder to waste; -aim -low; and don't fire until you can see the whites of their eyes." The British, receiving no shots, thought,, they could walk right over the entrenchments and.capture the Americans. When the British" were nearly up the hill, the Americans tired and -the British soldiers fell, mowed down like grain before a scythe. Again the British marched up the hill, and again they were driven back. The third time the British marched up the hill," the Americans were forced to re treat because of lack of ammunition. This was the first regular -battle of the revolution, and though the Amer icans were defeated. It brought many good results and was almost equal to a victory. NARVAEZ EXPEDITION ESTHER HAKOXSO.V, Maxwell. • Age 14 Years Narvaez was a Spaniard, and he had heard so much about the Mississippi Indians and their gold ornaments, that in 1582 he. with 400 men and four ships went to conquer the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. He landed sponse to the orders -given, as well as the ; so.necessary, concentration of their attention, which in their turn bring about, successful results in all the dif ferent branches in'their courses of pub lic ". school - education.' Thanks to the energetic, intelligent and: enthusiastic , co-operation" "of -the class teachers,' we may point with pride at Apalachee bay and made a ram inland. \u25a0. . When he came back to the coast h» found his ships were gone, so he trav eled westward on foot for a month. Tnen he built five small vessels and put out u> sea. They stayed near to snore for six weeks and discovered the mouth of th* Mississippi. -There two of the boats were upset and Xarva*»z was drowned. The rest of the men sailed on and at last they reached the coast of Texasr. But they did not have enough to eat. so many of the men starved to death and" the Indians killed the rest, wtth the exception of four. These four men were captured by some wandering Indians who took them to the e»t«f n part of Texas and the western Lousi ana. One of these men jras a nesro. and the Indians had never seen bade or white men before, so they thought these men were great wizards, and for. that reason did not kill them. These captives traveled on foot ov«r 2.o9o' miles in eight years. They trav eled westward until th*y reached the Gulf of California, and here they found some Spanish friends from *I<"clf(°;I < " cl f ( °; They were the flm men that had ever crossed the They had gone only from the Unit of Mexico In th*» Pacific, but th«y had obtained a clear idea of now wide the continent really is. WASHINGTON'S FIRST PUB LIC SERVICE RONA 31eCLKn.\O.V. 3986 Twentieth Street. Uorae*> Mann School. B Sixth Grade. Age 13 Year* Th# French tried to take possession of the Ohio and Allegheny valleys In the name of the king of France They buried I*ad plates at the head of all the streams and rivers that' flowed into the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, claiming all the land they *The governor of the French territory of the new world sent a message to the king of France, telling him that the buried plates would not hold tna land if there were not fort 3 built to protect it. mBHp " It took the ktns? three years to de cide whether he should build forts or not. He at. last decided he had better Governor Dinwid^ie. hearing of this, made up his mind to send a messenger to the commander of the. French, and tell him to surrender. The governor was »vejy much ex cited about this building of forts. He had two good reasons. First, that he was the governor of Virginia, and in her new charter of 1609. that the land was hers. Second, that Dinwiddie was the owner of a large land company. He chose a young man named George Washington, and sentjhim, to the com mander. Washington -set forth the v*ry day he received the message. He was a surveyor and knew much of tn« wilderness. He had many miles to go. and ne took Irut one man. with him. When he reached his «Journ?y"s end he gave the commander the letter. The commander refused to surrender and said, "He would have to see the gov ernor." Washington returned and told the news. CONCORD AND LEXINGTON ALEX 3IAHAR, 533 Ashbnry Street, San Francisco. I.ow-11 Hlsh School. Low 1. Age 14 Years General Gage was the British gen eral at Boston. Hearing that the Americans had been collecting powder, shot and muskets at Concord, about 20 miles away, he sent out secretly a force of SOt) men to seize the supplies. The Americans decided to send Paul Revere to warn the American patriots of the danger. Signal lanterns were hung out from the tower of the Old North church in Boston to show that the soldiers were to cross the harbor, and soon alarm bells and swift riders were waking the farmers and minute men. As Paul Revere galloped along tho road to Concord some one called to him: "You are making too much noise." "You'll have noise enough before long." he shouted back, "the regulars are coming." The regulars marched to Lexington. There the soldiers found a body, of minute men drawing up by the meet ing house. The British commander or dered them to disperse. But not one of them moved. Then the commander fired his pistol into the little band, shouting for his troops to fire. Sev eral of the minute men fell dead. . The British then marched on to Concord. Here the Arcericans were drawn up 'by the small wooden bridge. The British fired and killed several. Then th* American commander gave the sig nal and the minute men fired. Thia was the beginning of the revolution. The men who died in these two battles were the first to die in battle for our country. to the fact that our school children show.rthe graat advantage in .their physical appearance when compared with such pupils who have not had th«. good fortune to receive a systematic" and 'harmonious physical training. '