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VOL. IIII. MANNING, CLARENDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 29 1888.N THE FARMERS OF THE STATE. WHAT ORGANIZATION AND LEGISLA TION HAVE DONE FOR THEN. AReview of the Proi Istons Made -by the State for the Improvement and Ad vancement of Agriculture-General Johnson Hagood'aiSpartanburg Addreba. At the Farmersopndnapiant,held at Spartanburg, (niral'Jdhnon Hagood delivered the.iolowing address: We are to-day assembled to conduct the first State -Farmers' Institute held in South Carolina by direct provision of law. Before entering upon the duty, it may notbe amin to reall btiefly what has heretofore been done in our State for the advannement of the knowledge and practice ofaie Ilure, as well as to consider the mheans 'tothe same end now provided by exating legislation." Our present State laws provide: . For a State ' rioltal Society. . For an Agi tural College. For three Experimental Stations. And for State and Local. Farmers' In stitutes. TH' AGnIOULTURAL SoCIETy. It is over one hundred years since the c first agnilihuDoiety was- formed in c this State. That.g ociety was the first agricultural acciedt in America, and is still in a flourishing existence at Charles ton; but have given it I more loc, than general usefulness. u Seventy years a;go a society embracing I in its scope the entire State was orgau- p ized at Columbia. It was short-lived. c In the next thirty years two other efforts q were made in the same direation without t permanent success. Good, however, a was accomplished. Some valuable papers il were published, . notably Chancellor A Harper's r memoir 6n slavery, Hammond g on-marl, and Sealboot's.meinoirs on the '. cotton plant. The establishment of y more than one 'rcultural journal was h induced,- and- e: knfluence exercised h upon the Legislature caused a geological lI daurvey of the State to 'bemads. *. . . . On the.8th ot~ugust, 1855, an agri- S cultural conventin 'met i- Columbia t and resulted in the organization of the o society of which the present State Agri- I cultural and MAechanical Society is' the fi sucennor. It was handsomel endowed is by the aity of Cohimbia ' grounds c< and buiklings; a considerable endow- s< ment fund was raised by the sale of life n membehips, and for the first time S State aid was extended. The Legisla- tr tun annually appropriated to thesociety five thousand dliara. When in the ti full tide of its usefunes the civil war el suspended its operations. Its buildings b re destroyed in the conflagration of v Columbia, and its investments became b worthless from the results of -the con- ri fiet. The reorganization of this-society k in April, 1869, was the first expression g of hope that found utterance 'after the al war for the industrial interests of the o State, and when the gates were thrown g openfor its first fair therewas seen the p first aemblage of the native whitermen i of South Caro since the evil days of e, r-nnn FnaI'on had beflen, setn. their right to mould her destinies. t The touch of the elbow was once ro more felt, and the bugle call was 0: ounded for the political revolution of 0 187& - Until that event the society re- p mved no State aid; sinse an. ap- til iopistietof Amade cl -N t belf ";&WbifinM at its t] hfteop6re esecD1Y 4. th e~lnent 0i of liveistoek, haesteadily gtown in in- Il terest and-importance. The atteancne v is larger than upon any other occasion a in.tlic:State, and the reunion hera'of the ti farer has beoome the social event of a ~almits hsoythis society deter -mined$o cze the objoct of its winter t -while at a summer meeting annually. the a cbief object should be the dissussionof t agricultur~al 5ndinehania subjets. A p carefully prepared syllabus of subjects tl was reportedand adopted for discussion-. * at successive meetings. It was directed h that individuals should be .appointed to tl open the. discussions, and that a I< stenographer should report the debate, fa all of which should be published in c . compen-dintis form in the transactions e of the society. This 'was a "farmners' C institute,".precisely what we, under that 3 -name, are mnanguratingto-day.. At first tl these summer meetings were successful; later they have languished, and it is aE .question whether, in the concentration A of effort desirable for success, they may a :not be advantaeously merged in the ' State Farmers' 'nttute, for which pro- i3 vision has now been made. THE AGMICVLrt7RBn OLLEGE. 'The Federal donation for the estab- s lishmnent in each-State of an agricultural and mhan~ia college was with us ate first appropriated exclusively to the a benefit of the colored people at the a 4jlafiin College. Subsequently the in- t terest of the fund was divided and a t part used for an agricultural annex to t the college for the white people at Co- i lumnbia. At the last session of the Leg- e islature, in the reorganization of the University, this annex was raised to the dignity and dimensions of a full college coequal in all respects with the other a colleges composingthat institution; and t the members of the board of agriculture a consisting by law exclusively of agricul- e turists, wee made ex-oflecio members of il the board of trustees of the University. , At the first meeting for organization of . the latte-r board the members of the i board of agriculture as such were made i a standing committee with powers of a board of control in special charge of the agiclurland mechania college. Tefurther Federal donation known as the Hatch fund has been accepted by the Legislature and appropriated to an I experimental station in connection withe .and under the direction of this college.t 'The college thus organized will com sasnce operation in October next.t Jilaborate provisions have been madei :fr teaching agriculture, agricultural .nhinmatty and meteorology, chemistry, t abotany snd zoology, geology and mini eralogy, physiology and hygiene, v'te-1 .erinary science and comparative anat- I' omy, :civil engineering and physies, I mucanial engineering, mathematics I and astronomy, history and political and - work, modern languages end - Thnumberof professors of the year, the social feature is eminent ly practicable, and may contribute much to continuous success. In the State in stitute it is less so. But here the greater dignity and emphasis of the occasion may bring together better instructed men to lead the debates, more thoughtful men to participate in them, and the stenographer's art will, through the agricultural press, disseminate in every farm house in the State the ideas evolved and impresse the conclusions reached. It is true the summer meetings of the State Agricultural Society, the forermn uner of institutes with us, have not been altogether successful; but we must analyze their experience, and improve upon their methods. I am free to say of these same meetings that had' all the esssays read and the debates been pre served, as they should have -been, 'the material would be at hand for the com pletion of a text book on agriculture, invaluable to the young South Carolina farmer, and instructive to those of tis who have oftener seen seed time and harvest recur. rHE GOOD OF A COLLEGE IS IN TEE FUTURE The agricultural collegs is to make uture farmers; the fair, the experiment tation, and the institute are to bring the ] present cultivators of the soil to better I methods, which of itself will start the 1 future farmer half way to the goal. The 1 mmediate beneficiaries of the college i Lre necessarily limited, and it requires i nuch money and long time to develop i ruit; the others require less money, give I mmediate results, and reach the mass >f the farmers. The collegiate teaching ] >f agriculture is at best but in an experi- 4 nental state; no school that I am aware 1 )f yet met with unqualified success. I ome systems that have been tried are t knowledged failures; all have met with Aiverse criticism. The college at Colum >ia has been modelled upon the idea of 4 ;iving tie pupil the highest training in t gricultural science, combined with the t dvantages of a liberal education, which, >y reason of the connection with the 1 Jniversity, with its large and able corps f professors already employed, can be :iven without appreciable additional iutlay. This ' school contemplates no'1 anual instructions in the ordinary and imple process of husbandry. The arts I ploughing, hoeing, reaping and mow- r g are left to be acquired elsewhere: . ut most thorough practical instruction b provided to be given in machine and hop work. Labor-saving machines are a bsolutely essential to progress in our f, griculture. The abundance of land in roportion to labor, and the impatience P f the American Anglo-Saxon at mere rudgery-thehewing of wood and draw- t) 2g of water-have both compelled the I se of these machines and wonderfully e eveloped them. They are often costly , ad complicated in structure, while with , reful management the wear and tear h pon their use is generally estimated at a D per cent annually. It will be seen, b aerefore, how necessary to the farmer 2 i not only a knowlede of the principles d f mechanics, but the ability himself to D eep in order and repair the machines b e uses. n In what has been said of collegiate ducation it is not intended to indicate t aat it should be omitted from our scheme r yr agricultural advancement. It has P een placed there by the consent of the , ost enlightened opinion among the armers of the State. My own judgment b i emphatically in favor of a high grade u llege as a part of our system. The g urpose in what has been said has been >present its true features and to exhibit, I apprehend them, its real possibilities, n hether the college be retained as it ow stands, or be removed to different ~ arroundings and an organization upon ~ different plan. : THE FUTURE FARMR. - n I have spoken of the future farmer. Vho will he be? Whence will he come? indoubtedly, as in the past, many will e men who, reared to other pursuits, ave afterward embra'ced agriculture. - 'hese bring to the calling the acquire-c ments of a general education with the usiness habits learned elsewhere, an'd ametimes like Mecki, of England, )ikson, of Georgia, and others, go to te front in their adopted vocation. The l-round man has before this beaten the pecialist, and may do it again.' Butf rom the youth of the country, which will e our succeesors on the farm? Not ex-e lusively the farmers' sons. We have .o institution of caste confining the son athe father's pursuits. The farmer's onf is free to follow his bent whither it leads and to the extent his abilitiese ermit. Webster, Calhoun, Clay, .in trew Jackson, were the sons of- smal armers. Wahngton, Jefferson and edeed a majority of those who have e lustrated American history imbibed heir patriotism and acquired their hardy irtues in a boyhood on the farm. But rom the necessity of things, the great ajority of those who succeed us will be C hose whose fathers have been tillers of he soil. Among these will be some rhose expectations permit them to look orward at the outset to the employment 1 >f labor on a scale admitting of these eing personally more advantageously >ecupied in its direction. To this class nd those who without sufficient capital esire to become directors of labor, as twards under capital. The remainder d by far the greater number expect to bt least begin their career as small farm irs, working with their own hands, and , mploying labor not beyond the extent vhich admits of their carrying the fore nst row. The first class may reap the advantages offered by the college in its icientific and technical course, combined rith practical instruction at and in con ection with the experimental farm. To f ;he second class these advantages are dlmost as unattainable as if they did not xist. Circumstances imperiously con-: rol them, and if a boy, restive under :s surroundings and with exceptional orce of character, breaks through the neshes that involve him and reaches the ollege, it is oftenest for the benefit of1 ;he general education incidentally to be ,btained, and the farm sees him no more. To the great majority of the future [armers there remains then to specially .ualiy them for their pursuit and ap prenticeship upon the farm, with the information derived at fairs, at the in stitutes, and from the bulletins of the experimental stations. The public coin mon schools are at their door. WVhy i not introduce by law into these, schools an elemenitary course upon agriculture? It Iecias to me that pro gre.. lie. here.whes schooia~ 'each the mass of the people. In them the sons the laboring farmer, whose children mi aid his toil, can alone, with rare exct tions, attain the rudiments of a libei education. Add some scientific a technical instruction in their destin calling, and thus meet the probleyn th presents itself of doing with limited : sources the greatest good to the great( number. STERRING CLEAR OF POLICS. In the analysis attempted and t frank criticism permitted to myself : the discussion of existing legislation f the advancement of our agriculture, have not alluded to certsin amendmen to that legislation which are agitatir the public mind. This is not the occ sion to do so. There are occasions whi it is proper, when this matter shoa and will be by all of us fully discusse and whatever conclusion is then reach( I sincerely trust will prove in the be interest of the calling we have so mut t heart. Farmers are citizens and be discharge the duties of citizenship i watchful attention and close scrutiny i all legislation-much more of that whic bears directly upon them as a clas But this agitation has drifted into th' phase of politics in which the propos unendments are made the shibboleth < ffice, and men are to be voted for < iot, according to the views they ente sin. To this there is no special obje ion, and it may be the mode essenti o ascertaining the popular will; bt iaving assumed that phase it seems t ne the discussion is not suitable. her [t will be a sad day for the farmer' iI titutes when they are made the arem ipon which the office-seeker can figI xis battle, however specious the pretea hat permits it. And now, proud of our common cal ng, sympathizing with every hone ffort in its behalf, and believing that i his we are moving in the right dire( ion, I declare the first State Farmer natitute opened, and pray God's bles ng upon it. THE GREA'T LEBEL RIFLE. he Most Effective Weapon Yet Put Int the Hands of Men. If all' is' true which is reported i apect of the villainous virtues of th ew French, or "Lebel rifle," other eside the members of the Peace Societ rill hope that the war between Franc ad Germany may be long delaved 0 3rever postponed. The London Telh raph gives interesting accounts of ei eriments made upon the dead bodies c aupers, obtained for the purpose wit' 2is new weapon, by members of th 'rench Acedemy of Medicine, who wish a to ascertain the character of th -oundsit was likely to inflict. The bodie rere set up as targets at distances vary g from 200 yards to a mile or more nd the bullets went clear-thrOugh-Ah ones without making fractures. Th rounds were described as being ver, angerous and difficult to heal, for th ason that the passages made by th allets were exceedingly small and a] iost impossible to trace. The opinion of the medical experiimen dists was that injuries inflicted by th ifle at short range were so great as to b ractically incurable. Possibly this ne1 reapon for the destruction of human life hich, it is said, emits no smoke ani ut little no noise when discharged, ma Itiumately become a help to peace. Th nprovement of arms, both for land an rater fighting, goes on at such a rapi we as to render it possible that war ay be decided after a while in'a singl 6ntest, in which the major part of th rmy and navy of either side will be en aged. Soldiers or sailors may not hav re chance, of which Falaiaff availe' imself, to run away in order that the; ight live to fight anothier day.' Th ~eapon of war may be destructive as ti iake battlefields instantaneous grave ards for entire armies. When that timi ames either the barbarism of war wil asse, or wars that begin with the risin, ithe sun will end with its going down It will beocurious to learn what effee rese terribily destructive weapons at kely to have on the courage of met 'et who go int~obattle do so in belie at theywill fall; it isthe ha'bit of mei >tk aimortal but themselves. Iti st iWhich induces them so readily to g< ito the hottest-fight. The chances o scaping death are always uppermost il 2e soldier's mind, but the improvemen f weapons is not only reducing, Du stually destroying, all chance of safety .ter a while when war shall become al ract science, the' order to engage in ate will be equivalent to each mas ice-ving his instantaneous death war at, -with the possibilities of escapi ither lessened or wholly eliminated 'here will be no heroic taking of risks iere will be merely the destruction o fe. If that time ahouldecome the service the everlasting officer will be require nly to enlist the would-be suicides, an is place will be almost universally takei y the conscription officer, who will no ok for volunteers. The "Lebel rifle, hich th London Telegraph describe a a wondrous weapon and certain to d< arrible work in the hands of the Frencl oldiers, seems to suggest that the tim< srapidly advancing when all soldier rill be unwilling ones, pressed by fore the point of bayonets into the service Var, with its clumsiest weapons, wa ufficiently murderous and inhuman, bn ,ith its perfected weapons it will be br ,means to slaughter, and whoever shoot rst and of tenest will be sure to win. A Bloody Vendetta in Georgia. MACON, Ga., Au t 23.-Five mile rom Monticello today, during a Bapt'i sociation meeting, a desperate fight o< urred'between the Tyler and Malone fan Lies and their friends. Thirty-shots wer ired in less than -one mlnute. James Ma one and Samuel Tyler were instanti :lled. Edward Tyler was wounded moi ally, and Walker Malone severely. Or pall struck the watch of Frank Middle >rooks, thus aaving'|his life. Others ai vounded, but are out of the sheriff's reacd few arrests have been made. An ol amily feud is the cause of the trouble. Blooded Ijorses Ightning Struck. CHEYENNE. August 22.---A fiash 4 ighting did $30,000 worth of damal Lnd nearly killed George Rainsford, breede >f blooded horses, at his ranch near Chui aater, a few days since. Eialhteen head< >looded horses were killed, including nagnificent mare valued at $5,000. Uneasily lies the tongue that hasn't i is sufficient and the appliances for teach ing these subjects are ample. The college for the colored people at Clafiin, having in view the generally slight preparation of its possible pupils, has been wisely organized upon a more elementary and industrial plan. Besides the- Federal donation it also receives State aid. Its resources are managed with a marked economy, resulting in the extensiQn of its benefdito a large num ber of- indiiduals EXPRMENTAL 'TATioxs. Besides the experimental station re erred to as provided by the Hatch [und, two others hare been erected by ;he Legislature; one in the Piedmont yelt and one in the lower section of the itate. These three stations are now be ug established. . - The final provision, as the law now itands, for the advancement of agrieul ural education is that of farmers' in ititutes. -The board of agriculture has yeen empowered to conduct farmers' nstitutes at such times and places and n such manner as may appear expedi .nt. Assuming this duty, the board ive decided that. there shall be held annually one State institute under harge of its executive committee, and hat, in addition, there shall be such ounty and local institutes, when re jussted by any local agricultural society ir grange, as may be found practicable THE VALUE OF INSTITUTES. Reviewing these provisions it cannot e said that our Legislature has been nmindfulof theinterestsof the farmers. Vhat calling or profession among our i eople has upon the statute book such i are taken for its advancement? The < nestion that arises is not as to the ex ant,' but as to the efficiency of the i 3heme adopted in some, if not all, o! i a particulars. Let us consider this. I id at the outset we are compelled to I o largely into theory and conjecture. i 'he scheme I have explained has not i et, in some of its particulars, been put I ito operation, and experience abroad I as developed as to these same partica 6rs no certain results. This remark does not apply to agri- < ltural fairs with their object lessons. i o far as they go, and in what they.pre- a md to, they are a success. The fairs c the State Agricultural Society at C- i unbia, as well-as the-society itself, are t raly fixed in the affections of our i irmers, and by the good already ac- a >mplished to our agriculture by- the a cial reunions afforded and by the al- a tost heroic history of the society, whe4 I uth Carolina was known as the Pros- c ate State, this affection is deserved. d State experimental stations have within i: keir sphere a like certainvalue. In the u ose competition and narrow margin d Atween cost of production and market a dlue of farm products no liberties can c 3 taken with the cash achount. Expe- u mentation is conducted -at a bertain 2 as in the current scoougt,. whatever t Dod may-eventualky result. . Individa- i La can neither afford this, nor are they c ften competent. The State, for the I eneral wellfare, should bear the ex- I nse; and experts, who inake such their fe work, should be in charge. Again, e rery farmer in the State, however hum- t le or remote, at once and immediately, f irough the bulletins of the station, may t sap the benefit of the success obtained, 3 r learn the lesson of the failures in- f, wrred. xperizmentation has both its i ractical and scienfific aspects. Within c ie recollection of most of us the oat V rop was almost exclusively confined to t ie upper portion of the State, and even a ien it-gas ,freuently injured by rust. v a tlie middle and lower sections no z iriety had been found which was not a [tener a fsilure than 'a success, from a is same causes, and in my own county [ Barniweil it had ceased to be planted Sall. The red oat of Mexican origin as accidentally brought to the atten- ' on of a farm~er of Abbeville, and its ( 2st-proof quality ascertained by field I peiments. Since- then the area in I ats in the upper country is greatly ex- 'l mded, and it isnow an ordinary farm r roduct in the lower country. WIth I 1s variety it is everywhere as certain a a rop as any thit isgrown and the State]I as had 'added to its assured resources t 2ismost valuableof all grains for the a aedxng of horses. Had the Abbeville a rmner, insteast of the experiment made, f arried his small parcel of seed oats to a I hemist, could the crucible or the retort c ave, detected its rust .proof quality? r ~et another success in exermet like t is, and I speak ad 'y, would be a rorth more in pecuniary ale to the i ~tate than the sum required to defray ; he expenses of 'its three experimental i tations for fifty years. Governor Ham- f iond intrioduced the sorghum planti to South Carolina, and demonstrated i n a large seale the practicability of its t TOwth and its value in the production1 f syrup. The culture has now attained I uch proportons throughout the Union hat the FedlCoesis now dis- t uing a measure to supplement former I ppropriations to the same end by dding $100,000 for efforts to crystalize I be sorghum syrup into sugar. Here< he province of the field trial ceases and 1 hat of the scientist begins. Each has< tasphrand both are essential to anyi oinpete experimental station. How TO EEE.P UP INTEEsT. I amled to place the experimental tations, in positive value to our agricul are, in the xit place among the means t our disposal for its advancement, but hen we come to the consideration of astitutes and the agricultural college e are forced to rely, to a great extent, Lon theory and conjecture in making p our estimate of each. Institutes have et with appreciable success and at- a hined considerable favor in~some of the sorthwestern States. That the idea pon which they are based is good one here can be no doubt. Disquisitions pon important subjects by thos who Lays given them special attention, follow d by free inquiry and discussion by hose who are sought to be instructed, naut do good. The difficulty is when he novelty subsidlea to keep up sufficient ntereat and secure due attendance. The ocial feature must be introduced, and he farmers' wives and daughters enlist id. The occasion miust be a picnic as ell as a spelling bee. But above all, md beyond all, success attained else ,here has been, by confining them to heir legitimate purposes, the discussion >fpurely agricultural subjects, and1 ligious or other disturbing topics. vn theloal instittat proper seasons of TOSSED BY A WILD BULI ist sP al THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE PUT Ti ad FLIGHT BY A TEXAN. ed at .1 The Police to the Rescue- Oficer Cooney ist Thrilling Experience-A Man Shot and Woman Climbs a Pole. (Philadelphia Times, Aug. sS.) ie A wild bull created a panic at Broad ani in Market streets early last evening and hel or possession of the field for nearly an hour I He tossed several citizens and policemen ts and drove thousands of people who wer ig crowding the streets nearly frantic wit] %. fear. The bull began his public career a in Twenty-second and Chestnut streets, wher, Id he separated himself from a drove. H, rushed down Chestnut street to Seven teenth, his momemtum and his fury in creasing at every step. Several people o 9t the street had narrow escapes from beini h gored. Everybody tried to run into th4 3t stores. Those who could not get int -n stores ran into private doorways. Th f bull took little notice of anybody until hi h turned up Seventeenth street. . Mrs. Annie M. Turner, a colored woman Lt who lives at 10 South Seventeenth street d was just coming out of a grocery store or yf the corner. She wore a picturesque caliet >r gown. The bull seized her upon his horns e- and tossed her in the air. He then passed on. Ex Officer Leonard, who lives on Sev enteenth street, below Chestnut, carried It the woman into the grocery store and washed the mud from her face and arms. o After she recovered from her fright, it was discovered that she was not much injured. - The bull rushed on to Market street. There he turned and ran down the street It I in pursuit of a red cable car, which barely t eluded him. POLICEMEN, REVOLVERS AND MUSKETS. Officer Ralston. of the Fifteenth police t district, was standing in front of the Broad a street station. Crowds rushed by him in a panic. Looking toward the corner he saw i' a huge red bull tossing cobble stones inte - the air and rushing at every object that presented itself. He was at first undecided what to do Then he ran to the police station at Fifteenth and Filbert streets and asked for help. Sergeant Berens was at the station house. He is a man of action. He immediately ordered out a squad of officers. Eight strong patrolmen drew a their revolvers and rushed forth to encoun e ter the wild son of the Texas prairies. * Four more secured some old muskets, which bad been packed away in the station e house for a number of years, and followed. r The bull was coming to meet them. He reached Fifteenth and Filbert streets just as Officer Cooney, who was returning from his vacation with a valise in his hand, was crossing the street. . Officer Cooney is a very stout little man, but full of grit. He e faced the bull and, exerting his whole force, hurled his valise at the animal's head. e NO RESPECTER OF PERSONS s The valise lodged on the bull's horns, - and a shaving cup, a lot of celluloid collars , and several pairs of socks werespilled into e the street. Officer Cooney saw that help e was near, and turned to flee. Just as he y turned the bull and the valise struck him e from behind and forced him to turn several e complete somersaults. He lodged in the gutter and the bull prepared to gore him. But help was near. Shots from half a dozen revolvers rang out in the air. One of the shots struck the bull. Another struck a young man, who was standing near, in the leg. The young man p: oved to be J. W. Cooper, of Media, a nephew of Chairman Thomas V. Cooper, of the Re publican State Committee. Some of the F policemen diverted their attention from the D bull and, thinking that Mr. Cooper was I dangerously wounded, carried him to the I Medico-Chirurgical Hospital, at Fifteenth s and Cherry streets. There the physicians a found that the bullet had not penetrated 3 much deeper than the skin. They sent Mr. - Cooper home. A FIERcE AND DOUBTFUL CONFLICT. I The officers returned to the combat. They Ffound a fierce and doubtful conflict raging, a with no indications of victory on either side. SMany of the officers having exhausted their ammunition had returned to the station hi'os for a new supply. Those who had armed themselves with the old muskets found that the weapons were not loaded. SA man ran out of a cigar store with a rifle. -He presented the rifle to the bull's head. The rifle would not go off and the man was e overturned. He crawled back into the -cigar store, when the proprietor shut and f bolted the door.- There were thousands of 1 yeople on the streets. Those who dared B hot trust themselves to their running power 1 sought refuge in the stores, saloons and f restaurants which are numerous in the i eighborhood. As soon as a store was full i the door was locked. The restaurants and saloons did a rushing business, for most of the refugees who had been locked in re quired restoratives. A WOMAN CLIMEs A POL.E. Outside the bull was raging about the 1streets, charging upon the officers, the street oars and numerous flying petticoats. At the corner of Fifteenth and Filbert -sti-eets a woman climbed a Telegraph pole. While rushing past the station house the ,biill charged the red-painted lamp-post and B nearly knocked his brains out. Special I Oficer Early, who had secured an old I flintlock pistol at Carver W. Reed's pawn 1 shop, attempted to shoot the bull while he t was in this demoralized condition, but was quickly thrown down. Officer James went to Early's rescue and pulled him Into the station house. Patrol Sergeant Orf, who had been to the Buffalo Bill show, pro i posed to lasso the animal. With this ob. ject in view, the patrol wagon joined in sthe fight. Officer Kirk showed his supe rior coolness by shooting at the bull and 'then dodging behind the patrol wasgon. BROUGHT DOWN AT LAsT. t When the bull reached Fifteenth and a Market streets he was in a rocky condition. The police and one or two armed citizet~s had fired a hundred shots at him, and twenty-five of them had taken effect in his body. At the corner the bull fell to his a knees and virtually gave up the tight. ~Officer Jackson. who had outstripped the other combatants, put a bullet into the bull's eye. He cried triumphatly,. s the e animal kicked his last, "I kilt him!" and there was general rejoicing.' The news of the victory spread and thousands poured forth from neighboring stores and other e places of shelter and exultingly surrounded the fallen foe. Many of them limped and e had dirt on their clothes. The dead hull - was dragged into the Pennsylvania freight d depot, where an officer, who had not taken part in the fight, stood guard over him. The police do not thinit that the owner will appear to claimi the carcass. ~The first telegra offce was opened in r Washington, in 1845; and the receipts from ~.April 1 to 4, inclusive, were one cent. On SApril 5 the receipts rose to twelve and one half cents, and on the 6.th and 7th fell off ato nothing. April 5 th office took in $1.32, and on A pril 9, $1.04. e The glory of youth is hope; the glory of old age is memory. dress you as the single individual com petent to confirm or refute it. I am aware that I have no claim to special consideration; should you, however, deem it not improper to respond to my inqniry, I shall feel myself indelbted to - your kindness. The statement I refer to was from a general officer of the army, of the Tennessee and was in the words following: " 'It was generally understood in our army that General Johnston's courier, conveying dispatches to you previous to the battle of Baker's Creek or Champion Hills, betrayed his dispatches to Gen eral Grant, and also your answers to. General Johnston's orders. I do not. know positively from General Grant. these facts, but the matter was spoken of by the officers of our army in such a way as to leave no'dbnbt in nIy'nind."' "Permit me to add that this informa tion has tended to confirm my own sus picion, excited at the time by the (oth-; erwise) inexplicable delay in the receipt. of General Johnston's dispatch of the 14th of May, which, as you, sir, Are probably aware, was not handed t6 'me until after 5 p. m. on the 16th, when my army was in full retreat. -My -n quiry is confined simply to two points: first, the truth (or reverse) of the -facts discussed by the officers of the Ajrmy of the Tennessee; second, the' correcness, (or the reverse) of my surmises as to Vie dispatch of the 14th above referredt.o. I am, sir, most respectfully your .obedi ent servant. y. C. PEURRmo.. - General Grant's reply is as followsi: "ExucuTvIE MANsIoN, WAsEMIGTON, January 31, 1871.-General J. C. Pem berton, Warrenton, Virginia-General: Your letter of yesterday was duly re. ceived this morning, and the Prsident authorized me to say that the statement of the officer to which you refer was correct, and he thinks you are also cor rect as to your surmises in regard to the delay in receipt of your dispatch. He says the dispatches were brought ia our lines and given to General McParemon and by him immediately brought to headquarters. I have the honor to re main, sir, your obedient servant, LEvI P. LucEr, Secretary.2 On the 19th of January, 1874, Gener al Pemberton addressed a letter, sub stantially to the same effeet, to General Frank P. Blair, whose reply corrobor ates General Grant's statement. - r We give General Blair's letter also "ST. Lous, January 24, 1874.-Gen. eral J. C. Pemberton, Farquier county Va.-Dear General: I take-pleasure, -n answer to your letter of the -19th ot January, in saying that it was generally understood in our army. that General Johnston's courier, carrying dispatches to you previous to the battle of 4Bker Creek or Champion Hills, betrayed his dispatches to General Grant, and .also your answers to General Johnston's or ders, so that, in fact, General Granthad 'tfmest-precise information as to your movements and those of General John ston. I do not know positively from General Grant these facts, but the mat ter was spoken of by the officers of our army in such a way as to leave no doubt in my mind. Very respectfully,your obedient ser vant, Nx P. BLAm" Thinking that the correspondence here g.ven might interest those who are not yet tired of war incidents, I send.. it to you, to make any use of you may deem proper. JosEPrH T. Dnr. Good alanners. Never try to outshine, but to -please. Never press a favor where it seems undesired. .. Never intrude ill-health, pains, los or misfortunes. Never unavoidably wound the feelings of a human being. Never talk or laugh aloud in' public places or upon the street. Never forget that vulgarty has,-its origin in ignorance of seltiehness. Never urge another to. do anythig rgainst his deire uniess you see danger before him. - Do not ask another to do'what you would not be glad to do under- similar :ircumistances. Never omit to performna act when it :an be done with any reasonable amount >f exertion. Never needlessly wound the vanity of mother or dilate unnecessarily upon dis igreeable subjects. Do not make witticism at the expenre >f others which you would not wish $o iave made upon yourselvelves. Remember that good manners are :houghts filled with kindness and refine nent and then translated into behavior. Be nor ostentatious in dress or deport :ent ; nothing can be more vulgar. See hat costumes tit thie time and occasions. Bec rude to none; rudeness harms not nly the humblest and poorest to whom t is directed, but it injure~the exhibitor:. Never treat superiors with servility er nieriors with arrogance. Speak as kindly ;oa day laborer as to one occupying a iigh position. Always give precedence to elders, visi :ors and superiors. Offer them the best eat at the table, the best place by the ira and the first of everything. Go arther than mere form and see that they res comf'ortable and happy. The Tragedy on Salom River S-r. Joax, N. B., August 21. -William hy Frank Trafton and Henry Phillipine iave been arrested and taken to Andover ail, charged with the wilful murder of ;usan L. Howes, the wife of Major C. F. lowes, of Philadelphia, who was shot on he Salmon River s$unday morning. Day s about 30 years old, the other two are ouths. Circumstantial evidence indicates trongly that these men are the murderers, >articularly Tratton and Phillipine. The arrest was made ini the Parish of ~eerne before 6 o'clock Sunday night. ~eople of Tobique turned out en masse and rrested the supposed murderers, holding hem until the sheriff camne. Thewre is dan er of lynching, as the people are infuriated. Lhe husband of the murdered woman tarted for Boston this muorning with the >ody. Postal cards are printed on a machine, vhlich strikes them off-a roll of paper, and urns them out in packages of twenty-five, vith paper bands attached re-ady for deliv :ry. One man can tend two machines. Wheover would live his life over again hat he might live a better life would do veil to remember that he would do no bet er than he is now doing. If you want to .giu over again begin now, and don't umak to order a new cradle and begin being bab ovhener gain. RED RUST IN COTTON. The Evidences of The Tronble-How It May He Treated. The last monthly report of the State Department of Agriculture contains the following communication addressed to Commissioner A. P. Butler: Dear Sir: The infested cotton plants sent you by Mr. P. S. Brooks and Mr. G. W. Hill, Fish Dam, S. C., and for warded by you to me, was received. The disease is that commonly known in some places as "red rust." It is not a true rust, but a diseased condition of the plant, caused by ahe attacks of a mite. rhis mite is probably the same species which is sometimes very troublesome to house plants, and is known as the "red spider" (Tetranchus tetarius). The mite works upon thilineriside ofli leve , where it bites into and sucks out the juice of the leaves. It attacks the tender and growing leaves. There are special parts of the leaf where it begins its operations. These places are between the larger ribs of the leaf, near the petiole, or near the rim of a leaf where a fold occurs. The ribs or the folds of the leaf probably afford the mite some protection. The early stages of the disease may be detected by an in inspec tion of the upper surface of the leaf. It It is at first chiracterize d by clusters of minute white spots. Where a few white spots are distributed over the leaf they are usually due to some other cause. Soon the affected plac.s assume a reddish cast, due to some abnormal physiological action following injuries produced by the mite. On the under side of the leaf pale and blistered blotches first appear. As the juices are extracted the leaf dries and shrinks in spots and presents a scurvy appearance. This effect is heightened by minute white threads which the mite spins irregularly over the under surface of the leaf, and by the numbers of mites themselves, which can be scarcely distinguished by the unaided eye. Another physiological effect upon the plant seems to be to hasten a premature condition of the young bolls and the affected leaves, causing them to fall away. In some cases the crop is damaged thirty per cent. The mites multiply with great rapidity. . In four or five days from the time eggs are laid the young mites from these eggs are ready themselves to de posit eggs for the next generation. The so-called "red rust" of cotton, or "cotton rust," was formerly supposed to be caused by the growth of a parastic plant within the tissues of the cotton leaf. Last year, at Chapel Hill, N. C., I proved by a number experiments that no fungus is concerned in the production of the disease, but that it is produced solely by the action of this mite. I also successfully conducted experiments to destroy the mite. I used the common kerosene emulsion, diluted with a sola tion of sulpho-tobacco soap, so that there was only one parterosene oil to tI parts of water. This was sprayed with a force pump on the under side of the leaves, The emulsion kills the mite by coming in contact with its body. It does not kill all of the eggs, however, and a second application should bemade within three days to kill the young mites which hatch from these eggs before they themselves begin to lay eggs. The common kerosene emulsion itself will do if great care is-used in making and ap plying it. All causes of injury to the plants for application of kerosene emul sion comes from a failure to follow closely directions. Avery strong soapsuds ought to kill them if properly appiied, but I have never used it in the case of this particular insect. The kerosene emulsion ie one of the best and cheapest of insect icides, It is made as follows: Boil one pound common soap in one gallon of water. Add while boiling hot two gal lons of kerosene oil. Churn up this mix ture with force pump and spray nozzle for ten or fifteen minutes until a perfect emulsion is formed, and the liquia will adhere without oiliness to the surface of glass. If a force pump is not at hand, the mixture may emulsified by "whip ping" it with a bunch of t wigs, as was done last year by one of my correspon dents, Major R. S. Tucker, of Raleigh. The mixture now formed should be diluted by adding to one part of the, mixture nine parts of cold water. This would make 30 gallons of the insecticide from two gallons of the oil. In the case of this mite the liquid should be thrown in quite a forcible upward spray upon the under side of the leaves. For this some kind of force pump is necessary. Perhaps the best apparatus which could be easily gotten and put speedily in oper tion for this year would be some kind of Hydronette, holding everal gallons one that could be~ strapped to the back. I understand thait (oj,'rmon & Barkley, of Charleston, cau liarnsish tiem-e. A workman co.ild easily attaeh a hose so as to throw the spraLy on the uder side f the leaves. The disease usually ap ears in spots in the field, and if take~n itime the mites might be 5ubdued with his hand apparatus. Every large cotton lanter should hav'e some machine con sructed to underspray several rows at a ime, but it would probably take too ong to get such a machine in readiness for this season. if patience and faithfulness, both in bservation and treatment are observed, here is no reason why the evil effects of his mite should not be entirely preven ed. Very truly yours, G3xo. F. AmXLsso. S. C. University. A WAR SECREt REVE.1LE~D. aow Grant Obtained his knowledge of the Movemnents of Pembertone A rmy. Prof. Jos. T. Derry contributes the following in reference to the battle at Baker's Creek, and which will probably explain why the Conl ederate army under eneral Pemberton was defeated: On page 545 of volume 111 of the entury Company's great book, "Bat tes and leaders of the Civil War," 1 ind something which will perhaps be ew to many of our readers. It is eaded, "Correspondence between Gen ral Pembertou and Generals Grant and Blair."1 The following is General Pemiberton's letter: "WARREN'TCN, FAUQUcas, VA, Janua ry 30, 1874.-His Exlcelleney, U. S. Grant, President of the Uinited States ir-: A statement of some historic sig ideance and of considerable interest t.' me personally, has laisely come to my notic in a way+hat indcins ma to s1