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1VOL. XV. MANNIN , S. C., WEDNESDAY , JANUARY 3, 1901. N.4 THE QUEEN IS DEAD.1 Victoria's Lorg Life and Event ful Reign Erded. KINO EDWARD THE SEVENTH. The Last Sad Scenes Around the Bedside of Englar d's Grand and Well- Beloved Queen. Qieen Victoria is dead and Biward VIi., reigns. The greatest event in the memory of this generatior:, the most saupendous change in existing condi tions that could possibly be imagined, has taken place quietly, almost gently, upon the anniversary of the death o' Queen Victoria's lather, the Duke of Kent. 'The end of this career, nevi r r qu died by any woman in the world's Listury, came in a simply furnished room in Osoorne house at ('owe s, Isle of Wi tut, on l'uesday evening of last week. T'hi, most respeoted ef all women, l.ving or deaa, lay in a great four-posted bed anu made a shrausen atom, whose aged face and figure were a " uei mockery o: the fair giri who in 1837 t gan to rule over Engaand Arouu her were gath ered almost every descendant of her line. Well within in view of her dy i ag eyes there hung a p.rtrait of the princ eonsori. L was he who designed the room and every part of the castle. In scarcely aucoIle words the white hairca bistop of Winchester prayed be side her, as he had of ten brayed with his sovereign, fur he was her chaplain at Windsor. With bowed heads the it perionas ru er of the German en pire and the man who now is king of Ei and, the woman who has eucceedc to the title of queen, the princes anc princesses and tuose of lees than roy at designation, listened to the bishop'b oeaseless prayer. Six o'clock passed. The bishop con tinned his intercession. One of the younger children asked a question in a shrill childish treole and was ,mmed istely silenced. The women of the royal family sobbed faintly and the men shuffind uneasily. TER END. At exactly 6.3u sir James Reid held up his hand, anu the people in the room knew that England had lost her queen. The bishop pronounced the benedirtion. The queen passed away quite peaceful ly. She suffered no pain. Those who were now mourners went to their rooms A few minutes later the inevitable ele ment of materialism stepped into this pathetic enapte. of international his tory, for the court ladies went busily to work ordering their mourning from L,,ndon. '1 he -heels of the world were jarred when the announcement came, nut in this palace at Osoorne every thing pur sued the usual course. Dawn i. the kitchen they were eooking a huge din ner for an assemibtage, the like of which has seldom been known in Eng land, and the dinner preparations pro oeeced just as if nothing had happened. The bocy of Qaeen Victoria was em balmed and wiii probanly be taken to Wiz4dor Saturdasy. IE TEoUBTYULNE83. An incident characterioria of the sneen's solicitude for others occurredc two days ago, when in one of the in tervales of consciousness, she summoner asiength to susgest to her dressers, who had been aarung as nurses, to take the olportunity of getting some fresn air. Mlonday afternoon she asked that her little P,.m ranian spaniel be brought to her tc asia. it was if ared that the queen was dy ing abtxt 9 o'cloot in the tuorning and carriages were sent to Osoorne cot tage and the rectory to bring all the princes and prinrerses and the bishop of W inchester to her bedside. 1 seemed then very near the end, but, when things looked the worst, the quesn had OL.2 ot the ralbies due to her wonder fui qpn3.itu.ion, opened here ee and recognisea the rricce ot w es the Princess and Eoiperor Wiiiiaw. She sked to see one uf her faithful ser vants, a niemintr of the hou-ehoid. Hs bastened to the room, but b. fore he got there the queen Lad passea into a fitfur steep. uro clock marked 'he beginning o! the ei~d Aatr the fhtniiy Wr re su.L nmoned and rhi3 time the reispse was not fuliuwe~d oy rerovery. TIhe Prino. of ales was vary nmuon affeet-d ahit ti~e doctors at last inrmred him titac his mother liac breathed tier last. EM[PERoE AND KING. Esnperor Wiliam, himself deeply_ aiazerd, aid his best to minister com fort to hi:, sorro 4 stricken une, whose new dignity he was the first to ao knowledge. F.<m all parts of the wor.d there are stiui pouring inito Coxes mies sages of condolence. l'hey camne fr. mi crowned heads, miilionaires, tradesmen and pan pez s arnd are vartooisly addreseed to the Prince of Wales and the king of England. Empe roi William's arrari gemente are not settled. Bi, yacht will arrive I ere today (Wednesday), but it is bilirves. that he will' not separt until after the funeral. Several otther royal person ages are likey to be present at the funeral, which probably will be a cere mony never to be t qualied in this cen tury. TIE LAST DAYS. The recri of the last days of the reign of Vic~toria is not easy to tcll. The correspondent of the Asseeiate d Pros. was the only correspondent ad mitned to the 0.t ornie house and his in tenieW with Sir. Authur John Rgra private secre ary to the late quren, wts the only efficial statement that had been give n out For several wprks the queen had been failing. On Monday week she summond Lard Robe rts anta esked him some very searching qu-s tinsrezarding the war in South Af rica. Os Tuesday shie went for a drive, but was v saby affected. On Wed nes day she buffered a paralytic streke, accompanied by intene physical weak ness. It was her first iL,ite5 in all her 81 years at d she would not admit it. Then her condition grew so wr-ious that, against her withis, the famib were summoned. When they arrived hrasoan had praanneiiy gumbmh to paralysis and we knesq. The events of the last few d.)s are we-l known. TIE QUEEN IS DEAD At the I d_ gates ihe wat:hers wait ed r ervously. Suldet.ly along the drive Iron tt e houme canie a horseman w t o cri d "The q-:eeu is dcal" as he d.shed througl the craw'dP. LQ'O LIVE THE KING. Then down the Li.iside rushed a myriad of messengers. Soon the sur roun'ing country knew that a king rui d ov r Great Britian. The local inha .taits walked as if in a dream through the stryets of Cwes, but they dud not I eitate to stop and drink the heaith of the new n.o-ch. HAIL TUE NEW s1'G. Lord Cl.rezdon, th- n,-s LordCham berisin. w:th Prince Cr;i .ian of Soh leswNig Hi-it a.d theD.ke o{ Argyle, arr.v.. d a Osb're We s:ay afitruoon. It is the io.4 zamberiin who, with the Archb:snop of C t-rbury, annouces to a new monarch his acccrsien to .ha throt e. At the offices of the lord chamber !avo, at S.. Js.ues palace, of the city r, mn.:.rd: c r, gui d nall. and at the viui ge (f A-a'd,, the ffiials were bu~y t dry, eve befure tue cea:h of the que n w-S announced, preparing for the fo-n a itlek which will attend he procl :,m n; of a ne . ruler of the United Kirjeom and India. All the aLeient aazettes. court circulars ana otter paper] which describe the cere wonial 0f 1S37. had been taken fr m the librari.d teat the officials may -aailiar z: themilves with the forms f page a try whereby a sovereign ls proclaitnad. The city remembrancer zata today: "It vii deptn2 on the pleasure of the new u.tnai ch to decide how far the aocient ca.toms will be modified to -nit mode rn methods, but in a country whcre precede nts are so tiraly adtuered to as England, it tay be anticipated that we shall follow closely on the acts which prevailed when the queen ascznded the throne. The privy coun eil, which is a vey large body, wid meet at once at St James palace. The term of proelimation ii declare that -We,' etc ., t ish one voice and con sent of the tongue and heart, declare a d proc aim the high mighty Prince Albert Edward,' etc., '%ho, by the dea h of the monarch, has become our only laaf-! and rtzhzful liege,' etc. A Possible Scrap. The attitude of the government of Venezuela towards the B.rmudtz AOphalt company (American) t3 hostle, for the reason that the concessions re ceatly accorded by the government have b- en given to the people in touch with the goverrment and wno would like to resell them to the Bern:uiez eumpany. lhe governaent having re!used to grant the rt quest of the American min ister, who demanded a suspension of action on the part of the new conces ionists in taking possession of their rants, strained rela-ions between Vent ziela and the U.ited States resulted and war vessels are exjected to return to La Guayra, and if the Vent zu lan guvernment employs force to taae possession of the a'phalt lake, it i, believed the United Sta es aux .iary cruiser dcorpion wiul land an armed force. The aiutudeof the Vele zu:lanis towards Aa.ericans is hostile. O.a tt e 15:liof this month the Venezu clan troops in the Hoyo barracks at Caracas mutnircd and kiiled the~rcalonel, tne liutenant colonel and several men and then fi~d ia various d~rections. Two hundured and ten of the men were recap tured. ['nere was no fighting in the town and exact cause o1 tae mutiny is not known. No accurate detai s are .btainable regardinag the sinking of the Bautsh sioop Mlaria 'Teresa t-y the Vent zuelan gutboat Mirarnda. It is supposeI the ~1tria Teresa was on her way f romx the Ba?t:sh ilarnd of Trinidad, wuih a eargo of arms intended for the Vent zilan rev.': ionist5 a.d that she was muet by tue M1iranda which, wishing to taie possession of her, fired upon the Maria Teresa and by so doing bet her on fire a Et ein -m sank. Big .Fire in Montreal. 0O-e ul ttewmost'disastrou, hitts from ,hioh Muntreal ha, ever tuffered began at 8 o'CucK Weune~dsy n:gait, saa not wilnStanning the t ffrts or the entite te department the pre g-ess of the fa.znes Was not theckea usu 1 o'clect tnursuay tuorning. B, that time it n desteroed~ property valued at be Laween $2 5U00,UtA0 and $.$,U00,000 ana was si nuruius, th .ugu tue appear ance was that tne tireumeu have at last ot it under controi. hen.u ted in te rgerty titrnea is the <piead boaro of trade buiuiog whoces:.over hatt a Liui.iOLA aaars. w.tn over a hu-drec eancs ani hal a d zun large brm and two secrie5 of simalAer euncerus. [ae weatt~er was cold aria the firemen were greatuy hampered in ts rerp;:ct. U.atstue uf the Duara ot trado buitug here was not a ruodera struoture amot g these burnt a. Ihe narro. treete, an enxted mtdngs and the inflamable naturne of tne stocks they cou aiura maue a coanbiaation whizh the depar ment was pose:ness to overcome the fire p:a.:ucaily burned until it came to open space whica gave anl op p.runiny for e ff ecaive wor k. For a time it looked as it the flamnes wouin spead. aloung Co~nmiis:oaer street to the 6ain tiffioe rauiding in the enurse of er'.e.'oo there. Nutnexous crowas cf pee pte jianm:d the narr,>w streets and he pel ce coud not cantrot them. Wvwuem faun ten and their elothes were torn ana a few were elightly it~jured in ruahes for ~af.-y Disgraceful CSenes. A street agzit between wotten, led on one side by Mrs Carrne Na ios, the t ale >n wre aker, wnh af >ho win~g of W C. 1'. U. -women, and on the other side by Mrs. Jo -n Schiling, wife of the mariager ol a seloon tha; was wreekd, tacled tiy a dessn wo nen who enim tioaed saloons, was enaend at Enter prtae, Kin, fTurzday. .A1 panies were arreste d, but. later were rel:-ased. A a oman, heavi y veiled, raint d biow afer roew ulod Mrs. Nation with a hr.e whip. Men who were drawn to th,~ acene, offered no aid to either side. Q -et was re,st.>red only when the p.itee imaerfered. A request was ncads for a c' warrant for Mrs. Carrie Nation las t n sht, but none at imbue d toa ay. "l am coing to huna my work," saia Mr-e. Naxion determit~eily; and today th-e chief of police swore in a dozen ex tra ioijoe. In Ablene, where M~rs. N~iion threatens to make her Dr It on laught, the saiuon koet ers have sta inned gnards at their plaaes DISPENSARY LAW Amended So That Most of the Profits Wil Go. TO COUNTIES AND TOWNS. The House of Representatives Passes Several Other Import ant Acts. The Proceed. Irig In Detail. The House disposed of considerable business on Wedneslay. There was quite s unexpected skirmish over Mr. C A. R >bioson's bili to amend the act incorporating Clemson C ,leze. The bill provided that the incorporation of Clemson College should not arrogate the charttrs of the towns of Calhoun and Jentral After some discu'sion the bill pa-sed when amendei so tiat no dispensary will ever be established at Calhoen There was a long fight over Mr. Lide's bill to prevent the sale of goods. wares or merchar dise within one mile of ary camp aronrd or place of holding relginuc exercises outside of an incor Iera ed town or city. Mr Lide ex ilat.ed that ti-e ral purpos- of the bill is to keep blind tigers away from re ligiou4 camp meetings. They come tn. re in the guise of innocent tradeus, sel ing lemor ale, etc. After some con siderable discussion the bill pa-sed its see nd reading. The priocipsl pro visions of the bill are that it shall be unlaaful for any itinerant trader or tradesman other than established deal ers of the community to .iffer for sale any goods wares or merchandise within one half mile (f any camp ground, or other place of religions meetings while the meetings are in progress outside an incorporated town e- city, except with tf e Ierawision of the trastees or other b ard of maoagemet.t of such meetng. provided th-4t nothing in this act shall arply to venders of fruits and vegeta bl. s and other farm products. The following p -ss, d second reading without any disonsoo: Mr. McGowan's bill to make it a misdemeanor to destroy personal prop erty. The law as it now stands pro tects horses, cows, sbe'p, etc. The author applies existing law more gen erally. Mr. Baeot's bill to confer the degree of bachelor of sciences upon graduates of the South Carolina Military acad emy, etc. the law as it was passtd last year read "cadets" instead of grad pates. Also Mr. McGowan's bill to require any eourts of this State to receive as evidence the laws and ordinances of any town or city in this State, when the same shall be certified to by the clerk or other offoir of the tws or city under the seal of the municipal cor poration wherein such lags and ordin ances are or were or force. The third of Mr. McGowan's bills to pass second reaing Thursday was that to authorise and empower cities, tuwns, townsbios, school districts, sreaial Eiool disticts and counties to issua negotiable coupon bonds for the refunding or payment, in whole or lart, of any vahid bond-:d indebtedness heretorore or hereafter contracted, etc. Mr. McGonau explained that there is one law now giving these privileees to certain cities and counties He wanted to incorporate the provisions into a general statute. The fight of the day which presented atusing features was over Capt. J. H. Bruoks' bill to provide for a capitation og tax. This is a matter which has ever been regarded lightly by some people, but it becomes more and more ,eious eaceb year. A. simi ar bill has ben presented every year for seve-al ,esions and sech time tne author ha< been lauglbed at. Cap. Bre iks stated if any odium be attack- d to th~e introduction of suoh a messore, he was willing to endure it, in behaif of his contiuency in order to protects the sheep raising industry in South Caro lins. The bill was killed by a narrow mar in, and it is probable that Capt. Deans bill on the same subj -et has gained ttrengh from the strong back ig exhiv ed by Capt~ B-n. k<' bill. AS TO t.IQI7OR P'oFITS. The last fisht of the day was on Mr. Gnter's bill tc apportion the net pro. dts de-rived from the sale of liquor. Mr. Gaeter made a lengthy talk upon the feature of the bill, and expla ned it very clearly. Mr Crof t also favored the bill. Mr. Efrd inquired if its provi->ions would be constituonal. Mr. Croft explained tht they woud Mr. de Laach of York announced his opposition to the bill. Mr. Eird-Have you any dispensa re- in Yo k count>? Mr. de Loach-Thank God we have not. Mr. Efiri-I can then understand why you oppose the bill. Mlr. de L >ach then explained the at tade of York county to thec dispen ,sry. There nev. r hadI been but one dis pensary in the county and it was at a town of 12 male adult inhabitants, anid even that di-pensary has been abolish ed. The bua seeks to fore counties like York to adopt the dispensary sys Mr. Oroft asked suavely why the peo ple of York, so honorable and pure,etc., were opposed to the sale of liquor and yet were williog to take that oount)'a share of tublic school funds from hI quir profits. Mr de Loach answered that the dis pensary is a Sta'e and not a local insti utin. This bill is promoted by no nobe motive. It is an outrageous en deavor to force upon the people of York and other such counties the adoption of au obnoxious system by holding out the tempting bait of profit. He culo gis- d the people of York as a progres sive and noble people. Mr Prinee wanted to know if the people of york were all that Mr. de Lach had pictured them-fighting the a 'fub traffic in lignor-why should they touch the fiahy lucre o~ming from its male? He warmly refuted the change of ignoble motive. (Mr. de Lach disclaimed using the word Ig noble.) Mr Prince then declared broadly that he was not the man to force the sale of liqnor upon any peo ple. But, if this traffi3 is to be kept up, .bguld not thea. counties whieh debauch themselves, if debauchery it be, receive the price of the father's de bauchery to build up the character of their children? Anderson county had for years been pouring money into the dispensary coffers, merely to see it pa'celed amang counties which con tribated nothing. He agreed with Mr Croft that tho- e counties which are put to the trouble and expense of po licing the dispensary system should get the lion's share. The bill with all the co umittee amendments then passed seootid reading. The bill provides that on and after April 1st, 2 per-cent of said net profits are to go to the State, to be dis tribu ed as now provided by law; 45 per cent. of the said net profits to go to rho several towns and cities in which the dispeosaries are loea-ed, and 53 per cent. to go to the several counrita in which the di-pensaries are located. The county commisioners in each .,f the various conntirs in which dispensaries are Iceitid, shall app rtion the net pro fits ceming to each enunty, as provided by this sot, in the following manner: That not less than 10 per cent. of said protiss to be ap; lied to the schoo's of conty, and the remiinder of said pro fits to be distribu ed for the uses and benefits of said county, as the county board of comm rsionera may see fit. THE CHILD L&BOR BlL. A Majority of the Senate Committee Against It. In the senate Friady three reports were unomitted from the comittee en eonmerce and manufac ures on the ch Id iacor b l1. The majority of the cm naittee, consisting of aeuators Sal hivan, Barawell, Brown, Sarratt, Stan land. Dean and Gaines, simp'y made an untavorabie report. Senators May iell, Glenn and Caughman submitted a substitue bill, which is as follows: A bill to prevent children under 12 years of age from working in the fac tories, mines and textile manufactur. ing establishments of this state under conditions therein stated, and to pro ide punishment for violations of this act. and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the general assem bly of the State of South Carolina: Section 1 That from and after the first day of May, 1901. no child under the ag, of 12 years shall be emp.oyed in any factory, mine or textile mann factuiing establishment of this State; and that from and after the first day of May, 1902 no child under the age off 11 shall be employed in any factory, tory, mine or textile estanlishment of this State; that from and after the first day of May 1903, no child under the age of 12 years shall be employed in any faa ory, mine or textile esuablishment of tais State; and that after May 1, 19u1, no o-iid siall be allowed to work later than 8 o'clock at night or before 6 a. m. Sec. 2. That from and after the first day of January, 1902, no child under the age of 15 years shall be employed in any factory, mine or textile es-ab lishment of this State unleas said child or its parent shal make satisfactory proof teas the said chAli bas, during the past 12 months, attended some pub lic school at least for months; and that for this purposses the certificate of the teacher or the record of the soliool where said ohi.d attended shall by rime facie DrOOl that said child has so complied with. the provisions of this act. Sec. 3. That every owner, superin tedent, manager or overaeer of any *.tory, mine or textile manufactur ng establishment, and any other per son in charge thereof or connecestd therewith, wno shall employ any such chill contrary to the provisions of tas act, shall be guilty of a misde manor, and for etvery sueh offense sai, upon conviction thereaf, be fined not lees than $10 nor more than $50, or be imparisoniei not longer than 30 ays, at tue discretion of the ciurt. Sec. 4 Tnat any parent, guardian or any other pereon having under his or her control any child, Who consents, suffers or permits the emplayment of hi5 or her child or word unarer the ages as above provided, or who knowingly [or waifully miscepresents the age of uh child or ward to any of the per [sons named in etion 3 of this act, in ~rier to octaia employment for sucn hild oi ward, shalt be deemed guitty of a misdemeanor, and f or every rush offense shall, upon conviction triereof, ne fined not less than $2, not more than $50, or be imprisonea not longer than 30 day s at the discretion of the curt. Sei. 5 Tnat ali acts and parts of acts in co4tls with tue provisions of this act be, and the san.e arc hereby, repealed. S G Mayfield, J. Li. Glenn, B L. Caugaman. Senator Henderson, fur tiuiseif, sub mitted a report that the bill -do pass, with the following amendment: "Ste out section four and in lieu thereof insert the foliowing: "8ec. 4. Taat any widow who shall furnish to any of the persons named in section 2 of this act .an affidavit, duly sworn to buy her before some offier competent to take the~ same, to the effect that she is actually dependent fr support upon the earnings of her child or ch:ldren, shall be permitte.d to obtain employ ment for saia eh'ld or hildren fromu said persons; that the filig of said affidavis shall be a full ju~tification for such emplosment; and any widor who shall wilfully awear falsely to any fact in said affidayit shall be in dictable for per jary ai pro vided by law." Senators May fld, Caugbman and Glenn also submitted a minority re port, which is in the form of a substi tute bAl-. Let Them Say. "Oar Washington correspondenee," says the Savannah News, "Yesterday me tioned that in the matter of the Harlan con firma'ion Senators Morgan of Alabama, McLauria of South Jaro lina and Sullivan of Mississippi voted with the Republicans, 'as they have been in the habit of doing on all purely administration queaiions.' Senator M rgae is a fix tire in the senate; Sec ator McLaurin's term has yet twe years to rue; Ser ator Suilivan will reti:o on March 3 next. Senator Morgan may be vting with the R publicans in order o advace his pet scheme of the N..a rau' canal. But why sheuld tbe other to Democrats tote atains& their party on 'all purely administration meas =ma?'" THE COTTON WILT. Some Further Facts About This Plant Disease MON TO PREVENT iT. Facts About a New Enemy of Cotton That all Who Plant the Staple Ought to Know. A few weeks ago we published some facts concerning the cotton wilt, and this week we published some additional facts concerning this new enemy to the cotton plant: PRETETITE MEASMrIS. In the cotton wilt, as in many other plant diseases, certain preventive or palliative measures, based on our knowledge of the way the disease sireads, are very important. These are a. f;>llows: 1. Ratation of Crops -Land once in fected with this di-ease has never been freed from it. It is important, there fore, that such land should not be planted for several years to okra or any variety of cottn subject to this dis ease. The length of time the fangos will live in the soil is not yet deter mined, but four years' rest has proved sufficient in several cases. Other crops, as corn, cowpeas, caobage, water melon. eto -may, it is blieved, be planted on this land with safety. The greatest spread of the wilt dis ease is by the direct grawth of the fua gus through the soil from diseased to healthy areas. On this account an area considerably larger than that on which the plants are wilted shiold be included in this rotation. 2 Removal of Diseased Plants.-An other important sources of infection is the diseased plants themselves. The fungus produces on the dead stems and roots great numbers of spores, which are carried to other places in a variety of ways. All diseased plants should be pulled and burned as soon as discover ed, so as to prevent the dispersion of the fungus spores which will finally cover them. 3 Avoidance of Spread by Cattle, Tools, Eta.-The writer's observations in various places in South Carolina dur ing the past two years lead him to be lieve that cattle grazing in the fields spread the disease. They should not be allowed to pass freely from infected areas to healthy felds, and would be better not to pasture such infected ields. Tools shou.d be carefully cleaned after cultivating the diseased land. To insure complete destruction of the apores of the wilt fungus, ush tools shonld be scoured clean and then washed with a 2 per cent solution of formlin or a 5 per cent oarbalic said solution. 4. Care of the Compost Heap.-The fungus is sometimes introduced into the barnyard and compost heap, so that the manure becomes a source of general infection to healthy fields. The utmost care should be taken to keep diseased plants out of the manure, and if there ar any indications that such plants have found thetr way into the manure, all such manure and compost should be used on land . where cotton will never be planted. There is no objection to the use of stable manure which does not contain the spores of the cotton wilt fungus, but expedience has shown that in the case of the closely allhed watermelon wilt fungus a barnyard once infected will remain so for many years, and that all manure taken out of it will be like ly to spread the disease. The same is probably true ef the cotton wilt fun gs. The most encouraging results have come from the endeavor of the depart mens to find a race of cotton which can be grown on the infected lands. There are always some plants in every field which resist the aisease to a grater or less extent, and it frequently happens that of two plants in the same hi, egnally exposed to infection, one will die and the other live to the end of the season. All degrees of resistance may be found, from plants nearly killed by the wilt disease to those entirely healthy. The latter are comparatively uncommon, however. [D.fferent races of cotton vary consid erably in their susceptibility to the liI' diease. This was shown by an e xper l met carried out by the department on the farm of Mr. H. L. Galloway, atD Ion. S. C. It will be seen that some of the best kinds are among those most injured by tus disease; but there were one or more plants in each race that entirely withstood the ditease, and the seed from these has been saved with the in tention of securing valuable resistant strains by cress breeding them. The ability of cercain cotton plants to grow on infected land is due to the f act that the wilt fungns is uable to enter their principal root system and not to any lack of infection. This has been deermined by microsopic examination. That infection of these plants has real ly taken place may be demonstiated by an examination of their roots for the little stts of rootlets which mark the loation of infections. The roots of plans taken from the row of Janno vitch cotton were attacked by the fun. gs in ever a hundred p'aces, as found by actual gon, yet in no case did the paraite penetrate as far as the main stem, while plants of king cotton in the adjoining tow were completely over ome. As determined by numerous mi rosopie examinations each little tuft of roots marks a pains attacked by the fungs, so that shere can b- no doubt o the thoroughness of the infecsion and, furthermore, no doubt that such plats are astually resistant to she fan It is evident that such an efeet as, the fangus has produced here must is. jure the plant considerably and this was found to be the case. The average heiht of plaats grown en the ifasted lan was twenty-three inches, waile plats on adjoining land very slightly ifeed grew forty-swo inches high. Such injury as this would of course greatly shorten the crop. but the indi catins are that seed selected from she most vigoreus plaa will be more re sistant than the average. The best plants in our experimental plots on the nfese land wara nearly ennal to thase grown on healthy land and also showed a smaller number of root tufts. In this connection the most important question is whe-her this q iality of re sistanee to disease is transmissib'e through the seed to sue:eeding genera tions. An experiment designed to settle this point proved a rtmsrkahle sue sess. It was carried out by Mr Elias L. Riv ers, of James Island, S. C., whoselected a healthy plant of sea island cotton that grew in a badly blighted field in 1899 The seed from this resistant plant was saved and planted in a single row through a field that had been infeoted with the wilt disease fcr several year4, The acjining rows were planted with seed fromn his main crop, grown on non infected land. The wilt disease made almost a clean sweep through the ordi nary cotton, 95 per cent of the plants oeing killed, while in the row planted with se< d from the resistant plant not a single plant was kiiled by the wilt disease. These plants were vigorous and pro duetive. The dwarfing noted in E .yp tian and upland cotton grown by the writer on infected land at Dllon, 8 C , was not so marked here. The quality of the lint good, though not equl to the crop from which the selection was m.de It is believed, however, that by continued cross breeding and selection in sucer eding years the quality of the cotton may be improved without loss of reeistacea to the wilt disease. Work a'ong this line has already been started in a small way by the department, which it is hoped may be enlarged. It has been shown that much can be accomplished in the control of the wilt disease of cotton by simply selecting seed from resistant plants. It is very probable that better results will be ob tained by cross breeding these resistant individuals, for in this way the resis tant qualities of two plants will be combined and there will be added the increased vigor which usually comes from crossing On the other hand, if the flowers of a resistant cotton plant should be fertilized by pollen brought by insects from a diseasad plant, as may easily happen in the field, plants grown from the resulting seeds will very likely be less resistant than if they had been fertilized by pollen from an other res stant plant. On this account, in the selection of resistant races, it will be desirable to cross by hand as many flowers as possible in order to increase the chances of success. In connection with the work of the department a large number of crosses between resistant plants have already been made. It has been our aim to se cure resistant claims from our common races by cross fertilizing plants of the same race, and at the same time to in crease the productiveness and improve the quality by selecting the beat plants of each sort for breeding. The fact that the Egyptian cottons are resistant to the wilt disease had led to the attempt to produce a resistant long staple upland cotton, by hybridis ing resissant plants of tne common up lani races with the Egyptian cotton. It is very desirable that everyone who undertakes the breeding of resistant cotton should at the same time pay great attent-on to securing a more pro auctive race and a finer qeality of staple. ONCLUSION. There is a great iromise of a suc cessful remedy for the cotton wilt dis ease in selection of seeds fr >m healthy plants growing on infected soils and by continuing to select and cross breed the most resistant plants in succeeatng crops with a view both to reeistance and quality of staple. It would be well in the case of up land eston to start with a race like the Jackson, which is already highly re sistant, and improve and fix the quality by careful cross breeding and selection. in places where this cluster type of cotton is undesirable a res stant strain of the sorts commonly enltivated can probably be ootained by crass breeding and selection. It is hardly to t e ex peted that this process will result in trieotly immune race the first year. Even though much of the cotton be ome diseaced, the selection should be continued each succeeding year until the qoalicy ot resistance is fixed. In the case of the sea istand cotton, where length and fine quality of staple are essential, the process of selection and breeding should be the same. Re itanc to diisease must be the primary requisite, and from the resistant plants thse bearing the finest lint may be setled. The Egyptian cottons will probably prove of the greatest value when cross ed with our upland races so as to adai the vigor ana q-iali~y of the former to the proanctiveaess of the latter. It is hoped that the department will be able to extenl its work along this promising line. In ad lition to selection-for resistance all practicable preventive measures should be applied. Rj~ation of cro~ps is even mo~e important on these infected soils than on healthy ones, for the con tinual growing of cotton on these lands will increase the amount of disease and decrease the resistance of the cotton. Prompt destruction of di:eased plants is also very important. Every effort should be made to avoid the infection of healthy fields by animals, tools, wash water frem diseased fields, diseased plants, iunfected compost, etc. As al ready stattd, Land oace infected with this disease remains infected for am un knwn period. Indians Uprising. & dispatch from Mu'kogee,_ Indian Territory, says the Creek uprising is growing to dangerous proportions. Marshal Bennett has just received a elegram fo~n Brisiow, I. T., announc ing that 600 armed Creeks, stationed two miles irom there are preparing to attack the town, and pleadine for pro tetion from the marshal. Disaffected Chotaws have a number of Creek Snakes amoag them anI they have been quietly ersasizisag and arming for some time. They themselves call Uhoc taw Snakes. It is stated that the Snakes have planned to destroy all the railroada in their nation by burning bridges and section houses on a pre eenrted ight. They have deposed Gev. Duke and issued an order to all citizens to cease leasiug or renting te whies. The first offense they will puish with 50 lashes, they say; ears will be eut off for the second and death for the third. They have organized and have leaders in every Choctaw eaut y and slaim to have a membenhip af oa. - Costly Fire In Mullins. Monday morning abut half past one o'clock the people of Mullings were awakened by the furious riogi:.g of the warehouse bells, and loud cries of fire, and were horrified to find that a whole blek situated in the heart of the busi ress porion of the town was in Limes. Men and ladies, toa, rushed to the scene and all united in triing to save a por tion, at least, of the contents of the s-ores, but very little of the goods were saved. The loss was very heavy, five store' beiLg completely wiped out. The total loss is estimated at about $6 000, 000. Dr. F. A. Smith, two houses, $700, losurano, $500; stock $1,000, insurance $710. Smith Bros. rtore house, $60u, no insurance A. J. Prosadr. $400, cover ed by insurance. M. B La,aiter, store houe, $500,no insurated. Edwards store bous' $600, no in., W. D. Ed wards stock $100, 00 insurance. Werbtaiins& Co. tt-ck $700, no insurance. Edison Smitn, store house, $8U0, no insurance. E. C. Lowman, s ock damaged oy mov ing, $200. E. U. Bethea, stock damag ed oy m ving, $100. Tnere were several d velliuhs only a short disaar-es from toe fire and maih alarm was felt by the tecpanrs, but fortunately none of them caught fire. It is un:erstood that most tf the stores will be rebuilt of briek. The Sate. McKinley's Empire. We move on - apace in imperialism. From the aeportauon of Fdhpinos from Manila in eansequence of their alleg.d "disloyalty" to a government haling no claims upon their loyalty it is an easy st p to the depor:ation of Ameri cans wLo care to criucis details of imperial administration in the Philip pines. A Minnesota man, formerly a volunteer soldier from that Sta.e, who dared as editor of a marine journal in )Janila to bring a charge of wrongdoing stainstan cffiser of that port has been imprisoned by Gen..,MaeArthur and ordercd to be deported from Kinley's island empire. This man might have been tried b a miluary court and if proven guilty of libel, punisLel by fine and imprisonment. That would have been justice under the forms of law, even if military law. Bat instead he is deported without trial-not on the ground that he printed a libel, but be cause he insistea that what he had alrea ay printed was true and he refused to p:..m se that he would make no more such uriucisms of the miiitary administra tion. lie is ousted as "a dangerous in cendiary and a menace to the military situation." How long will our people tolerate this sort of brutal and lawioes tyranny? Aven Russia has ceased to deport political oLnders to Siberia. Lno State. Legalized Concubinage. "The iaw of marriage and divorce as it prevails here is nothing less than legalized connubiage. I am not an alarmist, bat I do say that our present divorce iasv must necessarily result in the aeoasement of public morals. I should amend the law no as to permit aasointe divorce only for intile.itj and impotency." This is the recommenda tion of Jaige Jona Gboons, made in a letter to Uhief Justice Biggs of the supreme court of Illinois, which he mraae public Friaay. The juige, urg ing the enactment of a new law, writes fur.her: 'It is the Mecca of all the mismated portion of the humaa family to seek solace in free love. i a man becumnse aisasanied with his wife or a wile prefer another to her husband here, he or 8he applies for a aivorce witaout much dander of its being re iused. "11 the legislature shouid not be prepared to go as tar as I suggest it ougut to be mane a misdemeanor for the guilty party to remarry either in this satate or elsewhere wiunin a certain number of years of she granting of the aivorces." HelIs a Mason. Masons every waece in ene world take more than ordinary interest in the ae cession to thie tnrone of Bagland of Al b.:rt Edward, who is one of the most eminent iiemibers e thse order, in the woid, being dianti Master of Masons in Eaglaod, botland, Ireland and Wales, irand I'rior or &iniglita Temn paar in England and Grand Patron of Age.ent an-i Actep.esi Seannan Enie ot freemasonry, beiog a uairty-tnird de gree Mason. King E.lward, as Grand flaster of Mason in England, has a representative "neair the Grard Lodge e1 douta Caronna,'' whose seat is in ijiareston, in the personal of Mayor J. Adder day th, himself a past G~rand Master of sOUth Garolina Masons. M~ay os 8.tyth has represented the Gr.and Lodge ol E..giand ior many years and as suca he wsars on ceeimonial oca ionas a very naanomo j.,wel commiim eto himi by tne present King of En giand ats designauion of his aushorir.. -Unarieston cost. Atlanta Still Ahead. J. T. heaerson has asked the police to find his son, Alonso he'4rson, a 13 year-old boy who disappeared from his noume in Atlanta last Tanursday. Mr. katrson bslheves his boy has been Mianapped, 'Te family of Liss Frazer, who is believed to have been kidnap ped two weeks ago from the Georgia Tschoological school, hasgtvain up hope of ever seeing him again. Fiaser's brother, who left his home in Alabama today, has no idea that the $5031) n gold which he paid a negre who promised to restore the student to his family, will ever be recovered. The polio. are at work on both eases. Brigands to Be Shot. A few n~ohts ago a band of brigands made an assault en the hosse occupied qy John Meliekeruen, a Amerisan, in tne village of Sam Sebystianite, near Guada.j ra, Mexico. Meliekersou re sisted the attack and was killed, hiis body being hacked to pieces with machetes. Everytiig of value in the house was carried off. The outlaws were pursued into the mountains by a force of rurales and several of them have jnst been overtaken and captured. The prisoners will be taken to the soene of the murder and thot. Will B. Moved. The (Tharleston Post says the Testa Cotton Mill, which for more than a year has been operated in Charleston by negro labor, will within the Dear fu ture bi moved to New Holland Springs, near Gainsville, Ga , and will be oper ated by white help, under the manage ment of the Pacolet Manufactaring Company, which campany owns the namt Mill. "HIE COMMONER." The Great Tribune of the People Explain the dams. SPEAKS FOR THE MASSES. Purposes and deas of the Demo cratic Leaders Jurnalistic Enterprises Told in the First Issue. A dispateh from Lineeln. Nebraska, says the first number of "the Commo ner," the weekly paper publiahed by William J. Bryan, was issued Wedncs day afternoon. It is a neat appearing sheet typograhically. The following is the salutatory: THE COxO.Ea. Webster definaes a comoner as "one of the common people." The name has been selected for this paper because The Commoner will endeavor to aid the common people in the [rotection of their rights, the advancement of their interests and the reaLnation of their aspirations. It is not neeessary to apologize for the use of a term which distingaishes the great body of the population fr m the comparativeley few who, for one reason or another, withdraw them selves from sympathetic connection with their fellows. Among the Greeks "hoi polloi" was used to describe the many,: while among the Ramaos the word "plebs" was employed for the same purpose. Theme appellations, like "the common people." have been as sumed with pride by those to whom they were applied, while they have been used as terms of reproach by those who counted themselves among the aristocratic classes. Within recent years there has been a growing ten dency in some quarters to denounce as demagogic any reference to, or praise of, the common people. One editor in a late issue of his paper takes exception to the phrases and says: 'This expression is an ill-chosen one and should have no ldgment in the vocabulary of an American patriot and statesman. If we sought its origin, we would look for it in that specious dem agogy which has evolved the profes sional politician, arrayed country against town-the farmer and his sons and daughters against the business and professional men and their sons and daughters-capital against labor, and built up against neighbors the impreg nable barriers of prejadice and hate." This quotation is reproduad because it fairly represents the views of those who criticizs the expression. It has, however, an eminently respectable ori gin. In the same chapter in which Umist condensed man's duy to his fel lows into the commandment: "Thou shalt love thy neighoor as thyself," in the same chapter in which he do nounced those who devour widows' houses and for a pretense make long prayers-in this same chapter is is said of Him, "fue common people heard Him gladly." No nigher compliment was ever paid to any clas The term; "the common people," is properly used,to descrioc the large ma jonuy of the people-those who earn their living and give to society a fair return for the beneflis bestowed by society-those who in their daily lives recognize the ties which bind together he mass of the people who have a common lot and a common hope. Somaiumes they are called "the mid1dle classes"' because paupers and criminals are excluded on the one hand, whdeS on she other hand sone exx:ule thea selves because of wealth or position or pride of butb.. Tne common people term the industrious, inteatgens and patriotic element of our population; they proinoe the nation's wealth in ime of peace and fight the nation's battes in time of war. Tney are self reliant and independent; they ask of government notning but justice and will not be satisat~d with tess. They are not seeking to get their hands into other people's pockets, but are consent if they can keep other people's hands out or their pokets. The common people do not constitute an exculsive societ,-thy are not of the four hundred; and one can become a member if he is willing to contribute by brain or muscle to the nation's strength and greatness. O~dy those are barred-and they are barred by their own choice-who imagine themselves male of a sup rior kind of clay and wno deny the oigLality of all before the A rich man, who has honestly so qured his wealth and who is not afraid to intrust its care to laws made by his fellows, can count himself among the common people, while a poor man is nt really not one of them if he faffns before a plutocrat and has no higher amoition than to be a courtier or a sophant. The Commoner will be satiefi 3d if, by fidelity to the common people, ia proves i.s right to the name which it has chosen. Missing Boy Found. A dispatch from Carrollton, Ga., to the Atlanta Journal s-.ys on New Year's day Otil, the fourreen-vear old son of C. M. Wcrd, disappeared from home, near Victory. The boy had when he disappeared $10- He was last seen in company with a Negro man at a store in Victory, wahere the boy was making purohases. Tlhe dis tressed father has been search.ing wherever he could find the slightest lew, but without Euccess, until the horrible dissovery was mide that the body of the missing boy was in Mo Daniel's pond at Victory. The water was turned cif the pond and the body was found at 4 o'clock Thursday after noon. A suit of blcoly clothes that the boy had worn has also been found. His throat was cut. The Negro man, Ike Williams, who was seen wtth the boy at Victory, was arrested at Bowden and is now in jail at Carrolitan- He was brought here Thursday night by Srieriff Merrell. The man was at work on the college at Bowden and denies all knowledge of the boy's disappen ance. It is said that there were threats of lynching, but Sher:ff Merrell arrived without incident. Iks Widiams, the prso-r i. ahout twenty-One years