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MANNING WANTS RFORMI I (Con ",ued from page one.) f pupils. The State can not have an I educated and efficient citizenship un- a less it extends help to weak and un- r developed districts. Any community voting a liberal tax f and enrolling forty or fifty children, should be assured of adequate educa tional facilities. It is the duty of the State to make up deficiencies in such districts. The right-thinking people of South Carolna will stand for this expenditure of public money, and will t Indorse the'position that we can not spend public money better than in educating the citizen. The people realize and demand that the shame of Illiteracy must be blotted out from - us forever. t Mill Town Schools. The problem of public schools in I manufactur.ng centres and mill towns t demands attention and study. The I State can not longer overlook the I needs of children in such communi- I ties, and shoul-l encourage the spirit of self-help and public responsibility that will bring substantial and mark- . ed results in public education, civic growth, and community co-operation and development.. I recommend that the State department of education be given such additional help in its forces that will enable it to do in mill schools what'has been done so effec tively in high schools and rural schools. Attendance. As soon as ample school facilities shall have been provided, the welfare of our people dmands that our chil dren shall be required to attend the schools. The policy of the State is to educate all ;ie people at the expense of all the people for the welfare of all the people. I recommend, therefore, the enactment of a compulsory at tendance law -with local option fea ture. We must strice to bring each and every community to the point of having school facilities; and, wher ever thees facilities are acquired, to require school attendance. Picture to yourselves what it would mean to South Carolin. if all of her citizens were educated, and for the attainment of this object we give our best and unfaltering effort. ChidI Labor. I recommend, as a companion act to- the compulsory attendance law with local option feature, tha you will amend the law on child-labor by raising the age limit from twelve to fourteen years.. Taxation and Assessment. We all agree that change is needed in our tax laws. We have, in the past, given more attention to appropria tions than to revenue. We must in crease our revenue or decrease our expenditures in order to stop the I ever-growing deficiency. The reports I of the departments reveal the fact that there is now a large accumulated deficiency that must be provided for. Assessments are now unequal and unjust. Much property escapes taxa ation; different classes of property are assessed at different percentages of their value. Increased expendi tures for educational and charitable institutions, as well as Increased ex penses in the judicial department, necessitate the devising of progres sive and more modern methods of raising revenue. I would therefore recommund that a tax commission be created to examine into this subject *and suggest a bill embodying a plan of revision of our tax laws. In order to acquaint this commis sion with existing conditions, the duties now Imposed upon the State| Board of Equalization and the State| Board of Assessors, should be devolv ed upon It. Supervision of the en Sforcement of existing tax laws, should be given, temporarily at least, to this commission, with power to equalize the asesdvaluation of property be tween county and county and betweenj - tax district and tax district, increas ing or decreasing assessed valuation, as may be found necessary. Annual appropriations should be made by the legislature for State, county, and school purfoses, and the tax commission should be authorized to Impose such levy upon the .assess ed valuation of property, when ascer tained by it, as will raise the amount necessary to meet the appropriations made by the legislature. The method of taxation, the levying of the burden no as to secure justice between the *taxpayers, is of as great Importance as the fixing of the appropriations by the legislature. In this connection, as there is now| in force a federal tax on income, and| as the operation of the present State Iincome tax has been so ineffectual in obtaining true and just returns, thus Increasing rather than decreasing the inequalities of taxation, I recommend the repeal-of the State law taxing In - Workmen's Compensation Act. | I realize the, hardships and delays| and the frequent miscarriage of jus-| tice in suits for damages for bodily| injury. Damage suits intensify bitter ness of feeling between employer and employee without a satisfying and just settlement between them. Frequently, a hardship Is Imposed upon the employer; and just as fre *quently Injustice and unnecessary de lays in ~settlement -of these cases are Imposed upon the employee. I rec ommend the appointment of a com mission to study this question and to report, by bill or ortherwise, to the legislature to convene in 1916, a measure that will bring relief to plaintiffs and defendents, by a work mes compensation act. . Land. Registration. The delay In congressional action on the establishment of a rural cred it system, makes It necessary for us to look otherwise for help in -this matter. As the first and necessary step towards the development of such a 'system. Ireccomend the enact ment of a land registration act that wHi guarantee title and fix boundary lines. This would enable the land owner to obtain loans on his real property with as little trouble and expense as he isnow able to do on his personal property, by removing the necessity of repeated examina tions of title. This Is a necessary step 'before we can provide a system of land banks or rural credits. Ideem these measures important, if properlyplanned and safe-guarded, in order to increase the number of home owners in the country and towns, and| to furnish means for Improvement of rural homes and the conditions of 1 life in thecountry. Ownership of t home means permanency of tenure: t permanency of tenure means improve ment of conditions of life and sur roundings. If every farmer owned hisr place and lived upon it, the problems of rural life would automatically 1 solve themselves; isolation removed, homes would be more comfortable; there would be better churches, better e schools, better roads, and community 1 life more attractive.It I realize that this may be classed as 1 progressive legislation, and we have[t limited precedence for it in this y counttry, dating back only tol910. 1 I do not advise these banks as Statef institutions, but that they should be developed by independent organiza tio under State suraprvision. Fertilizers.It Under existing laws regulating the 1 manufacture and sale of commercial I fertilizers, our farmers have not ade quate protection, nor do they yet know what ingredients in fertilizers are best adopted to their lands, and wht zfrwst's Adidfd be avoided, 'his matter should be considered ,ith great care; the interest of the armer who is the consumer, as well s the interest of the honest manu acturer, should be carefully guarded. would reccomend, therefore, the cre tidn of a commislon to consist of epresenatives of the fertilizer de artment at Clemson College, of armers, and represenctives of the manufacturers, to revise our fertiliz r laws and to report by bill to the kext session of the legislature. Auditing. I recommend that all State institu ions should be examined and ac cunts audited regulory. I suggest hat you devolve this duty upon the tate bank examiner, and give that lepartment the necessary additional orce to enable it to do this work horoughly and effectiveely. Medical Examination of Pupils. I reccomend the enactment of a aw providing for the medical inspec ion of pupils in .the public schools. mder the supervision of the State oard of health in cooperation with he State board of education, and It seems to me that it would be rise to consider odr penal and chari able problems as a whole. There is L lack of coordination in the system >f management of the State peniterti Lry, State hospital, refo-matory, jails, :haingangs and houses of the State, :ounties and cities. We should dev Rlop our humanitarian undertakings. [n this work we have the examples of ather States, notably Virginia, illus rating what may be accomplished by taving a State board of charities. [ reccomend, therefore, that you con sider the advisability of establiching, in this State, such a board, for, though the propisition involves an ex penditure each year, if this work is properly done, it would mean greater conomy and efficiencs in these Insti tutions. National Guard. Ifavor a strong, well-maintained, well-disciplined National Guard, and arge that adequate appropration be made for it, to mftke it :.n effective factor in the State government. South Carolina must have an efficient and ffective National Guard. I will, at a later date, submit for your consideration, by special mes sage, suggestions relating to the State institutions, especially the Hos pital for the Insane, to which I am devoting special consideration. I will also .communicate with you, ater, on the subject of roads, the Confederate Home, the Confederate veterans, and the needs.of the State board of health; vlso the Lever bill, attle tick eradication, and other sub jects perteining to the interest of our people. Economy. Permit me to remind you that we are face to face with a situation in business for which wo have no prec edent. The European war has clear ly shown how closely rlliod and in terlocked are the interests of the na tions of the world. The general shrinkage in values and in business, has added greatly to the anxieties, cares, and suffering of cur people, and has greatly increased the num ber of those without employment. Under these conditions, we must, n the one hand, Jealously guard the expenditures of the public moneys; but on the other, we should be slow to stop public work that is desirable which would further increase the number of the unemployed. The time is propitious for the State and counties to undertmke carefully conducted work on the public high ways. This wc 'd accomplish a great ly needed Improvement and would give employment to many who have no means of making a living. It is not a time for us to be discouraged and to look at only the depression around us. If we think that conditions niow are ruesome, pituse for a moment and onsder the conditions under which we labored in the slxtt'es and early seventies. Faith and hard work brought us through these trials, and I am confident that self-relIance and resourcefulness will dominate and im prove this situation.. With self-denial, with economy, with energy and courage, we will meet our difficulties bravely and we will work out our salvation, and will bring about a restoration of business and enterprise to a normal condition. Let me urge you to bear in mind these facts; and let us urge you to that cool consideration of all matters that will bring you to realize, that economy does not consist merely in cutting off tems in the appropriation bill, but rather in seeing that the peoples' money Is judiciously spent and that for every appropriation the State will receive a full and adequate return. Conclusion. In conclusion; permit a personal rference. From my earliest youth the ambition to be the governor of South Carolina has filled my breast. Io serve my State Is my ardent de ire-to join all other patriotic citi ens in the effort to do her service Ld help in hte upbuilding of her re sources and in the character of her itizenship. I appeal to .all citizens to join me in the determination to place and to ieep South Carolina In the forefront wnong her sister states in progress. in moral tone, and in an enlightened md educated citizenship, I am confi lent that I voice the desire of a large majority of South Carolinians when [urge our people now to turn their backs on past factional bitterness and lissenson, to look forward, turning her faces resolutely to the future. The vision of a people reunited must be kept before us; a people de termined to take advantage of the re mources which God has put within our rasp, to develop these resources; to build up our waste places; to diver ify our crops and industries; to edu ~ate and uplift our citizenship, and o that end I pray that God may give o me and you a wise and understand Lng heart, that we may be able to dis ~ern the evil from the good, and that Ele may give us the spirit to think, to may and to do such things as are eight, and that His blessing may be pon us in our efforts to serve our state. BRYAN MAKES PROTEST. Jarranza Authorities Are Warned to Respect Foreign Property. Secretary Bryan has sent a vigor >us protest direct to the Carranza tuthorities at Tampico against their ;reat to close the great oil wells in hat vicinity because of the foreign perators refused to pay a heavy as essment levied by the Mexicans. The natter also has been brought to the Lttention of Gen. Carranza himself. Most of the oil plants are owned >y American and British capital. here have been several complaints gainst decrees of the Carranza offi ials, reports coming from state de artment representatives as well as brough the interested foreign em >assies. Latest advices indicated that he Mexicans were proposing sum-1 narily to shut down all of the plants nless the money demanded was1 orthoming. Stamp Tax in Panama. To replace revenue lost because of he European war the government of anamna has been forced to levy a tamp tax. Emperor Thanks Retiring~ Leader. Emperor Franz-JToseph has written letter of thanks to Count Befettold TALK Of THE WAR t WRITER SEES KAISER'S GENER ALS WHO HAVE WAR FAME. 1 HOw ARMIES ARE BOSSED %fen Idolize Von Emmich-Von Zwehl, Who Captured Maubeuge, 1 Credits British With Good Defen sive Tactics-ZoellUner, Specialist on America, Learns From Our Army. A corespondent of The New York Times writes from the German Great Headquarters in Fran-e His letter, i which follows, 's dated December 9: 1 I have just eaten my way along| the German front in France, for a second visit to the German Great( Headquarters. This week's lunch| and dinner "bag" included Gen. von Heeringen, "the Victor of Saarburg"; Gen. von Emmich, "the Conquerer of Liege"; Gen. von Zwehl, "the Hero of Maubeuge"; Gen. von Wild, the new Quartermaster General, who be fore his appointment fought a twenty round draw with the English at Ypres, though he thinks he won on points, and hosts of coming cham pions. It is literally necessary for an American correspondent on this side of the fence to eat his way to the firing line and back again, for the German afield is as hospitable as the tented Arab, and thanks to their won derful field telephone service, they "have you." The A. 0. K. (Armee Ober Kommando) telephone to the Corps Kommando that you are on the way, the Corps Commando relays the news to the Division Staff, the Divi sion Staff rings up the Regimental Commander, who phones the Bat talion or Battery Chief. To reach the firing line you have to run the gauntlet of anywhere from three to six meals, and if you happen to be one of those "amazing Americans" and Insist on being shown to an or chestra seat in the first trench, you will be sure to find some sort of a table spread for you Inx the very shadow of death, for their habit of hospitality is fireproof. But while robbing war correspond ing of all its old-time romance, the German, gastronomic way has the great advantage of giving you the maximum of information in the mini mum of time and'of letting you meet the masters of modern warfare, the men who have done big things, under ideal conditions, for over after-dinner coffee and cigars you can and will if you are an American-ask the most imprudent questions with the certainty of getting a good-natured and courteous answer. Von Emmich makes the most in stant appeal to an American. Short and stockily built and looking every inch a fighter, he gives you the im pression of possessing tremendous, almost Rooseveltian vitality, with a saving sense of humor. Von Emmich is the general with a winning smile. He could have been a successful machine politician if he had 'emigrated to America Instead- of remaining in Germany and becoming the most popular general in the Ger man army, among the men, for he has the rare gift of inspiring his fol lowers with a sense of personal loy alty. His troops Idolize him. They break out into hearty hurrahs at the slight est provocation when they see him. It is lese majeste, but none the less true ,to say that they think as much of their seneral as of their kaiser. They tell you proudly that he rode at their head when the city of Liege was taken by storm, an'd after seeing him. you could never picture von Emmich bringing up the rear in a motor car, after the mannar that more prudent generals use. He has iron gray hair and a bristly close-cropped mustache to match, and a very florid complex ion, and looks absolutely unlike the sleek individual whose photograph was published with hIs obituary no tice in the London press while the forts of Liege were still "holding out" on paper. Asked point blank, Gen. von Em mich stoutly and with great good hu mor denied that he had ever com mitted suicide or even contemplated the step. "But you know, Excellency, that you were reported to have lost some thing like 120,000 men before Liege," it was suggested. "That's three times as many as I had," he answered with the "win ning smile." Gen. von Emmich will talk quite freely about anything but himself and military matters, but a few odds and ends were snapped up. It was interesting to learn that he was in Liege only a day and a half, then pushed on ahead in the direction of Namur with tho bulk of his corpa, leaving only his heavy artillery be hind to finish up the remaining forts. He did not even know that Zeppe lIns had taken part In the bombard men of these forts until he heard about It afterward. Later he turned up at Mons and had a hand In beat ing the British or expediting their strategic retreat, according to the point of view. His subsequent move ments and present whereabouts are interesting, but would never pass the German censor. "Did you feel proud at being se lected to lead the way into Belgium, Excellency," I Inquired. "Yes, of course I did," he replied. "Would you like to lead your corps into England?" For just an instant what looked very much like the light of battle was in his eye. "I will go anywhere I am ordered to go-anywhere," he replied with smiling emphasis. Gen. von Emmich's headquarters produced an interesting story. At 3 p. m. a general alarm was sent out to the reserve troops to prepare for-Im mediate retreat, as the French were coming. Every bit of baggage was packed up and loaded on wagons, the . infantry In full marching kit lined up-everything ready in record breaking timo without rush or con fusion to withdraw on the word of command. But no a'emmand to march came-instead a "well done" from the general as he rode down the long; column. It was just a little "fire alarm drill" to keep the reserve troops up to the high-water mark of efficiency. Gen. von Zwehl, nicknamed Zwehl Maubeuge, is probably almost un-1 known in America. though the dark blue enamel maltese across of the Pour le Merite order at his throat 1 tags him at once as worth while. Von Zwehl is the outward antithesis of von Emmich. He looks like any-1 thing but a fighter-a quiet, gentle looking soul with kind and a bit tired syes, soft silverly hair, and a whim sical sense of humor. a gentleman of he old school. "But you should lust see him in the field during a fight lie's a regular whirlwind," one of his staff said. He confirmed the fact that Mau- 1 beuge had fallen on schedule time in< en days and that he had taken over 10,000 French prisoners, that he had given the French commandant till 7 p. m. (German time) to surrender, ! md that the appointment was kept 1 with great promptness, also that the hey learned they had been "taken al" by a single corps. I also learned hat he and his corps had arrived in ime to stop the first English corps rhich had crossed the Aisne and was aarching on X. Gen. von Zwehl praised the Eng ish troops against whom he had suc essfully fought, and who are now in he north, saying: "The English sol hier Is a splendid fighter,. especially in the defensive." Asked if the re nark of one of his staff that "the English can't attack" was a fact, von wehl said: "I cat only speak as far aB my own expe,,ence goes, and that s that the English never were able o carry through a bayonet charge rith success against my troops. They :ame on bravely enough, but when >ur troops would open fire on them at ;0 yards and follow it up with a :ounter attack, the English would in rariably go over into the defensive, Lt which they are at their best. They tre particularly experienced in 'bush arfare,' and display the utmost skill n making the most of every bit of :over." The commanding general confirm ,d the following grews6me story which one of his staff officers had told ne: "The. English apparently do not bother to bury their dead but let :hem lie. We are still burying Eng ish who fell on September 14 and ater. We found and buried two only resterday. That the abandonment of heir dead is deliberate is indicated by the fact that we have found the bodies of dead English soldiers in :orners and nooks of the approaches to the English trenches where the wounded had evidently crawled to die, and where their comrades must onstantly have passed them and seen them." More generals were met during a visit to the "office building" of the Great General Staff in the Great Headquarters. Here, too, I was al owed to examine the historic room where around a large mahogony table the chiefs of the staff hold their daily conferences, at which the kaiser him self .is often present. A huge map of France and a slice of Belgium cover ed the table and hung down to the floor on either side. I noted with in terest that it was a French General Staff map. On one wall hung an other map showing the exact location of all the armies'in the west. In the unavoidable absence of the combination chief of staff and war minister von Falkenhayn, the new Quartermaster General von Wild did the honors in the long Louis XIV. Room where the Great General Staff eats together--an interesting sight, for it represents the round-up of the brains of the German army. Gen. von Wild, until his promotion, command ed a division against the English at Ypres and spoke in generous terms of his opponents. "The English are excellent fight ers," he said. "I have walked ov 'r many of the battlefields in the north -grewsome sights, beyond words to describe. From what I saw, I am convinced .that the English losses have been much heavier than ours." Gen. von Wild said that a puzzling and unexplainable feature of these battlefields was that so many of the dead were found lying on their backs with rigid arms stretched straight up toward heaven-a ghastly spectacle. Here, too, was a German general who knew more about the American army than most Americans, the Bava rian general, Zoellner, the great gen eral staff's spehialist on Americana, and It was interesting to note that, in spite of its own pressing problems, the general staff is still taking a keen interest in those of America and de riving valuable lessons. "I have been particularly interest ed In the Mexican troubles," Gen. Zoellner said. "To - my mind, the lesson for America is the need of a larger standing army. I was particu larly impressed by the speed of your mobilization and your dispatch in landing your expeditionary force at Vera Cruz. I was also especially in terested in your splend'd Texas cav alry division. We have 'nothing like it in the German army, because such a body of men could not be develop ed in a closely settled country. You may not know that only a short time before being sent to Mexico the Texas cavalry had received brand-new drill and exercise instructions, but in spite of this they acquitted themselves splendidly, showing the remarkable adaptability of your soldiers. "In sending your coast artillery as Infantry regiments to Mexico 'you an ticipated us in a rather similar use of our marine divisions on the coast. The most valuable lesson we have learned from you is typhus vaccina tion. This we owe to the American army. I believe It goes back to the act that your Gen. Wood was a medi cal man before becoming chief of staff." Gen. Ziellner Intimated that the while German army either had been or was being vaccinated against ty phoid on the American plan. "And there is also a very American flavor about our volunteer automobile corps -their dash and speed they have earned from you Americans," he con 21uded. My previously formed suspicion that the Germans were making war n the American plan, managing their armies like so many subsidiary coin pales of a big trust, was fully con lmed by my second visit to the of Ice of the great general staff. In ;tead of a picturesque bunch of gen rals spending anxious days and sleepless nights over their maps with athful attendants trying to coax hem to leave off dispatch writing Long enough to eat a sandwich, I ound a live lot of army officials, ~eeping regular office hours and tak ng ample time out for meals. The taff was quartered in-a handsome old nunicipal building; the ground floor, levoted to living purposes, quite like m exclusive club; the business of Ices upstairs. Gen. von Haenisch took me aloft Lnd explained to me how business was lone. A good telephone operator, it leveloped, was almost as important L a competent general-the tele hone "central" the most vital spot >f an army. Here were three large switchboards- with soldiers playing elephone girl, while other soldiers, rith receivers fastened over their lads, sat at desks busy taking down nessages on printed "business" orms. In the next room sat the staff fficers on duty, waiting for the tele >hone bell to jingle with latest re orts from the front. There was no vating because numbers were "en aged" or operators gossiping: you ould get Berlin or Vienna without ince having to swear at "long dis ance." Gen. von Haenisch had his hief of field telephone and telegraph rot out what looked like a huge 'amily tree, but turned out to be a nost minute chart of the entire tele ihone system of the -nth army. It howed the position of every corps .nd division headquarters' regiment. iattalion and company, and all the elephone lines connecting them, even o the single trenches and batteries. Was Not Thinking of Presidency. President Wilson has announced hat he was not thinking of 1916 hen he said at Indianapolis that the ople would hay, to pass judgment tpon whether he knew their desires1 in not. Doesn't Like Note. The Dagblad, Swedea's leading eon ervative paper, says great Britain's ~yto t~he 'igd~ g;tates slaows she. j4s to adh'ere to her haa #3~5ld I KILITIA DISBANDED 3LEASE MUSTERS OUT THE EN TIRE NATIONAL GUARD. END OF OFFICIAL MUSS Governor's Action is Climax of His Long Continued Disputis With the United States War Department Government Oiliciais Are Appar ently Unconcerned Over His Action. Gov. Blease Monday disbanded the South Carolina organized militia. rhirty-one companies, comprising ap proximately 2,000 officers and men, are affected. Dis-.greement between the governor and militia and war de partment officials on the organization and equipment of the troops was given as the reason for the action. Militia officer3 Monday night began a movement to prevent complete dis organization. Telegrams were sent to South Carolina members of con gress at Washington .requesting that they use their influence to have the war department delay asking the re turn of $200,000 worth of supplies loaned the troops. Gov. Blease will retire January 19 and Gov. Manning, hil successor, will be asked to re-instate the soldiers. While Mr. Manning has not yet indi cated what action he will take, it was considered certain by militia officers that he would rescind the action of Gcv. Blease. Gov. Blease explained in his order disbanding the troops that the exist ence of differences between the sec retary of war and the secretary of the navy and Adjutant. General Moore of South Carolina on one side and him self on the other, prompted him to take this step. These differences, he said, resulted in serious breaches of discipline in the militia corps. "The present governor of the state of South Carolna Is of the opinion that it will be unfair and unjust on his part to turn over to his successor in office the militia of South Carolina In its present condition," the order read. The controversy between Gov. Blease and Adjutant General Moo:e was said to have been the result of the governor's refusal to sign cer tain orders and official papers pre sented to him by the adjutant gen eral. The secretary of war and the sec retary of navy became parties to this controversy, according to official statements for about $100,000 worth of federal property these federal de partments claimed had been lost and destroyed by the militia organiza tions was held up. An accounting of this property was begun about a year ago and recentfy was completed and the finished reports were said to be ready for the signature of Go;. Blease. The situation became further com plicated last summer when the gov ernor refused to permit the militia troops to participate In the annual en campment ordered by the chief of the division of militia affairs. This ac tion, according to statements from the adjutant general's office, resulted in appropriations by congress aggre gating about $55,000 for maintenance and equipment of the South Carolina militia being held up by the war de partment. Included in the three regiments of infantry and auxiliary corps affected by the order are 600 men whom the governor had refused to muster out of service upon orders received about eight months ago from the chief of the division of United States militia affairs. The militia was commanded by Adjutant General Moore of Barnwell, whose official position is not affected by the order. Gov. Blease, however, was -commander-in-chief, eff-officlo, Gen. Wilie Jones of Columbia, was brigadier general of the South Caro lina corps. Headquarters of the First Infantry Regiment was at Yorkville; of the Second regiment at Columbia. and of the Third at Charleston. Coast artillery corps was located at Charles ton, Sullivan Island, Beaufort and Georgetown, and each had an approxi mate strength of 60 men and officers. War department officials at Wash ington were not much concerned by news that Goy. Blease had disband ed the South Carolina militia. They believed the incoming governor speed ily would order Its reorganization to avoid as far as possible any loss of money allotted by the national gov ernment for the militia's support. Under the law to obtain any gov ernment funds for the militia's sup port, South Carolina must present for Inspection at least 900 armed and uniformed and drilled state soldiers. This Is on the basis of at least 100 militiamen for each representative of the state in congress, Including the senators. Because of South Carolina's alleged deficiency in the matter of equipment, failure to measure up to the regular army standards and fail ure to account satisfactorily far gov ernment supplies, the war department nearly a year ago withdrew federal financial support from the state's troops. After some spicy correspond ence between the secretary of war and the governor a regular army In spection office visited South Carolina, and made arrangements under which the war department again began sup plying a limited amount of funds. If the governor's order disbanding the militia becomes effective Imme diately, it was said at the department that the government appropriation will be cut off automatically. ENGLAND IS MOVED. Does Not Like Action of Government in Changing Dacia. Cable advices to the British for ign office at London Thursday said hat loading of the Hamburg-Ameri :an steamship Dacia at Port Arthur, exas, had been suspended. The hope Is entertained in official circles hat the United States will not per Enit this former German vessel, valid tty of whose transfer to American1 -egistry is questioned, to enter the erman cotton trade. The Washington suggestion that] :he Dacia might carry cotton to Rot :erdam instead of Bremen is not re arded by British officials as offering1 solution. The foreign office Is not lisposed to decide precisely what ac ;ion will be taken until It Is known >ositively that the Dacia has sailed' ro Germany under the Ame'm'an lag. Even then it is probable, a irominent official Intimated, that her 1 ~argo would he permitted to reach its1 estination, but the vessel detained if he facts in conncction with her sale re as reported. Prisoners Reach London. The German prisoners taken in the attle off the Falkland Islands have( ILrrived in London and have been sent o the detention camp.f German Ship in Distress. The former British collier F'arn, hich Is now In German hgnds. put2 NINE AIRMEN FIGHT L ;EVEN GERMANS AND TWO BEL- G GIANS HAVE HIGH BATTLE. -4 )unklrk Thrilled as Defending Aero- H planes Go up to Engage Bomb Dropping Invaders. A London dispatch says Dunkirk ras visited by German aeroplanes in th 'orce early Sunday afternoon. It is li -eported that in all thirty bombs were SE iropped, and it is known that several a 2ouses near the station and docks cE :aught fire. No one was killed in sc Dunkirk itself, but the correspondent P eports that in the suburb of Malo- ti Les-Bains five civilians were killed U nd a few injured. There were also a ti lew civilians injured in the city. e: Ths is the sixth visit which the Ger- n nan aviators have paid to Dunkirk sE within the past fortnight. According to an eye-witness seven aeroplanes n appeared over the city at about 2 n D'clock. A fairly strong wind was 4 blowing, and under the circumstances c th-Leir presence was not expected. The G aeroplanes were flying at a height of p about 5,500 feet and almost in single .4 file. The sky was somewhat obscur- a ed and rain was falling. S As the military authorities were s prepared, the raiders were met by a e hail of lead from mitrailleuses and s anti-air craft guns. The Germans C took a leisurely survey of fortifica- d tions and then dropped the bombs in t quick. siccession No damage was s done to the military works, but evi- S dently incendiary bombs were issued, as several houses speedily caught file. o Having had previous experience of v these raids the residents hid them- c selves in their cellars on hearing the v first explosions. After dropp'ng their f missiles the airmen were preparing c to leave when two Belgian aeroplanes t were seen coming to the attack. A v thrilling encounter in the air was 1 the nwitnessed. Although outnumbered, seven to % two, the Belgians fought gallantly a and completely outmanoeuvred their g opponents. They rose to a height of i 7,000 feet and having gained this ad- s vantage fired at the Germans with j mitrailleuses. It was exceedingly dif- t ficult and dangerous work and de manded the greatest skill, for the r slightest slip, resulting from the fair- c ly high wind blowing at the time, s would have sent airmen and machines I to the ground. t The battle lasted only forty-five E minutes. Then five of the German g machines drew off, it is believed, be- t cause they were short of ammunition. The two reaining aviators strove t desperately to gain the advantage, but I as they rose higher, so the Belgians rose and held their advantage until 0 the final phases of the air combat c were fought at a height of about 1 9,000 feet. - Suddenly, the spectators say, one of t the aeroplanes swerved and dropped. The airman had been hit in a vital v spot and had lost control of his ma- r hine. This crashing to the ground In t a ploughed field on the outskirts of d the city on the road to Furnes, was < completely wrecked. The airman was r killed on the spot and was found a among the mass of twisted metal. < The seventh and last aeroplane < quickly disappeared in the direction of Calais and appeared over that city < as dusk was gathering. There three < bombs were dropped. Two fell near the docks and the third into the sea, 1 no casualties or material damage be-1 ing caused. As at Dunkirk the airman was im-1 mediately fired on by the anti-air craft guns, which are ready mounted< for the purpose. After hovering I 'about the city for a few minutes the. airman swung round again in the direction of Dunkirk and was lost in the darkness.4 DYNAMITERS PARDONED. Spartanburg Rioters, Convicted After Hard Work, Are Free. 1 Horace Finch, Robert Wilson and W. R. Belcher, pardoned by the gov emor, were convicted at the Novem-t ber term of the court of general ses sions of rioting and assault and bat tery', because of their activity in the attack upon the Spartanburg county 1 jail' on the night of August 18, 1913,( and were sentenced by the judge, Ernest Moore, to three years each in t the State penitentiary. Notice of ap- r peal to the supreme court was given r by their counsel and pending that ap- a peal they have been released on bond e and are noiw at liberty in that county. 1 They were members of a mob that i assaulted the county jail with dyna- i mite In an effort to overpower Sheriff t White and take the negro, Will Fair, charged with criminal assault on a young white woman of the county. In the face of the rioting, dynamiting and shooting that took place about ~ the jail, the officers held their pris oner, though the mob was not dis persed until the officers began to re turn the fire, shooting into the trees 3 above the heads of the crowd. Dur- t ing the night two men were wounded. r The negro Will Fair was after- p wards tried by a jury and acquitted 5 of the charge brought against him. t The trials of Finch, Wilson and Bel- d cher were brought about after more 1 than a year's work on the part of the 1 detective force of the county. In the investigation of the rioting the grand t jury took a most active Interest and d spen time and money in their effort t to bring the men taking part in it into 3 court. p On thc aight ot the rioting the gov- i< ernor was urged to call out the mill- n ta to assist the local authorities in d efendng the jail, but he refused. In q sentencing these men, Judge Moore d alled attention to the gravity of their t crime, which he said was an assault a upon the constituted authorities of the state, a course that could lead nly to anarchy. REPORT BIG WRECKAGE. erans Claim Damage at Dunkirk as Result of Sunday Attack. si London reports: "A wireless dis- a atch from Berlin says the military a stablishments in and near Dunkirk C ere completely destroyed by the erman airship flotilla which attack- n d that city on Sunday. The Dun- a tirk lighting plant also was destroy- et cd. The dispatch says this informa- *ai :ion is contained in a message from d totterdam. "Dunkirk, on the coast of France, s the British continental military ase. Troops and supplies from Eng- ti and are landed at this port, where c ~xtensive military supply stations g ave been established." p, Life Termers Overpower Guard. Four prisoners serving life sen ences overpowered their guards at lichmond, Va., Monday night and ~scaped. They used a rope from the hE ourth story to the ground and scaled at 30 foot wall. 01 Vessels Collide in Fog. The liner Manitou and the cruiser ~leonatra were In collision off Beachy read, Esg., Wednesday in a heavy Bi og. One man was drowned. th Dirigible Base Near Ghent. M Geneva, Switzerland, reports that a ppelin base has been established tli e~r Ghent, where Mr l 'and t' EGISLATURE ORGANIZES ENERAL ASSEMBLY STARTED NEW SESSION TUESDAY. ozt Elected Speaker of House and J. Wilson Gibbes is the New Clerk -Nothing New Comes Up. In a decidedly business-like manner e general assembly of South Caro aa organized Tuesday for its .71st ission. The refusal of the Senate to cept an invitation to visit Winthrop alege January 20 is taken by ob rvers as an indication that the up r house is resolved to waste as lit e time as possible. A significant cident in the.House of Representa ves was the applauding of a refer ice in the sp3aker's address to the cessity for passing a compulsory :hool attendance law. The Senate was called to order at Don by Charles A. Smith of Tim onsville, retiring lieutenant-gover Dr. The Senate, acting under the Lucus of Monday night, elected Le rand Walker of Georgetown its resident pro tempore and M. M. Cann of St. Matthews its clerk. In ddition to the annual message, the enate received from the governor a )ecial message recommending the ntinuance of the State warehouse rstem started under an act of the ctober special session. The senate ebated the question of going to Win irop and finally decided not to do ), after an hour of discussion. The enate met Wednesday at noon. The most interesting feature of the rganization sessions of the House ras the hotly contested election for lerk. J. Wilson Gibebs of Columbia, -ho had a lead on the first ballot, was nally elected after the roll had been alled nine times. As had been an Ecipated, James A. -Hoyt of Columbia ,as made speaker without opposition. a a brief speech he outlined his iews on important measures which rill be introduced shortly. Members pplauded him when he said that the eneral assembly c uld not afford to ,ore the passage of a compulsoty chool attendance law, under the in unction laid down by the .voters in he last primaries. The House passed unanimousiy a esolution introduced by Mr. Brigham f Aiken, felicitating President Wil on on his administration. The reso ton commended the president in he highest terms, praised the Sim ons-Underwood tariff bill and con atulated the nation's chief execu Le on his policy as regards Mexico. Important amendments proposid to he rules of the last House caused the louse to defer their adoption until Vednesday. One of the amendments ffered makes it impossible to carry n a filibuster such as blocked for a umber of days the passage of the ond issue bi% in the House during he special senion. Another amendment does away ith the limitation-on the number of embers on committees, leaving this o the discretion of the speaker. In ications are that a fight will be made n this amendment, to the end that Lot 'more than 13 members can be .ppointed on the more important ommittees and not more than nine n the others. In the House the annual message if the govern6r was received imme iately after the chief executive was otified of the organization of the iody. 'The reading of the message ras nterrupted by a motion to ad ourn until 11:45 o'clock Wednesday orning. The message will not be1 rinted in the journal, .under a spe il order from the House, until It tas been read in full. TO HELP UNEMIPLOYED. overnment to Det Employer 'in Touch With Men Out of Jobs. A national employment bureau, eaching into every section of the Inited States, will be put in opera ion by the labor department next reek. It will be operated along the ines of President Wilson's sugges ions in his Indianapolis speech for a systematic method of helping the orkingmen of America." Preliminary work for the bureaui as been completed by Commissioner ~aminetti, of the Immigration bu eau. Instructions have been sent o postmasters and rural mail car iers throughout the country and early 200,000 field agents of the gricultural department, who will co perate with the labor department In ringing the jobless man and the ianless job together. Agents of the nmgration bureau also will aid in tie huge task. REPLY AMICABLY. adicatons Are That British Reply Will Make Concessions. Great Britain's reply to President Vilson's note protesting against In rference. with American ocean com ierce will be delivered in a few days, robably early next week. Foreign ecretary Sir Edward Grey and Attor ey General Sir J. A. Simon Friday iscussed the points of International Lw involved. The note has also beers id before the admiralty. All indications point to a concilla ry reply, says a dispatch from Lou on to the New York World, and icre s every indication that the nitish government will on numerous ints make concessions to the Amer tan complaints, adjusting the whole atter satisfactorily. There Is no In cation of fear of serious conse ences ensuir.". British officials, In isrssing the situation, show that iey consider America's complaints re susceptible of adjustment. PLAYEDi FOOTBALL erman and British Soldiers Had a Good Time Christmas Day. German army authorities have Is ied a general order prohibiting oops in the field from fraternizing ith forces of the enemy, as they did several points in the west at biristmas. To such an extent was the frater .izng carried out that at one place, here the Germans and British play ifootball Christmas day, they ;reed to suspend hostilities for two iys more. Held Gun and Barrel; Shot. Nathan Allison of Gaffney was re rning home from a hunt when his sin, Jack Allison, aged seven. abbed his rifle barrel. The wea m went off, instantly killing the ungster. Holding Hospital Train Ready. The United' States government is >ding a hospital train in readiness San Antonio, Texas, in order to be tthe scene Immediately should any ing happen at Naco, Ariz. Eight Die in Snow Avalanche. A recent snow avalanche near erne Is known to have resulted In e death of eight people. sndel Smith Judge of 5th Circuit. Mendel Smith was elected .iudre of e fifth judicial district of South NO CHANGE IN WAR RESULT DEPENDS UPON WEAT ER OR PARTLY OF OTHRRS. SOME FHiHTING SEVERE Belief in Allied Countries Is That Italy and Roumania Ar. About to Enter-Russian Movements Stop ped by Bad Weather-Figthing in France Centers Around Soissons. Only a change in the weather o0 entrance into the war of Roumania or Italy, or both, is likely to bring about any marked change in the military situatic in Europe for some time to ome. The belief is growing in countries allied against Germany, Austria and - rurkey, that Roumanla with her well trained army of not less than 400,000 men, soon will thiow hcrself into the conflict. This, in effect, would link Roumania with the extreme Russian left now forcing Its way into Hun gary through Bukowina. - , Taking into consideration the Ser vians and Montenegrins, this would form a line menacing Austria-HIu gary along the entire southeastern frontier- from Russia to the Adriatie. Just as rumors persisted for days prior to Turkey's enerance into the war so rumors now center about Rou-' mania and Italy. There is a strong feeling among the general public in France and England that definite ac tion will not be long delayed. Only sporadic fighting is taking. place on the bittle fronts, acoerding to latest reports,. and almost all of' this is done by artillery. Probably the heaviest infantry engagement was on the lower Nida river, in southern - Poland, where the Austrians claim they repulsed with severe losses Rus sian attempts to cross the stream at several places. Most of the fighting in the west haw centered, about Soissons, where the Germans have delivered a violent bombardment andy Inaugurated a strong attack. which, so far as latest advices indicate, has not terminated. London reports: "French attacks north of Soissons, on the .Asne and near Perthe, east of Rheims, are de veloping into a serious offensive. The gains the French have made at these points, if followed up. would have two-foLd importance. They threaten the railways which the German are using to supply their troops in- the fighting line and are a serious menace to German forces which hold positions to the north of Rheims. "The Freuich have found it impos sible to.take by frontal attacks posl tions from which the Germans are bombarding Rheims, but advances on either side would envelope them and. force a retirement, thus giving the Cathedral, City relief from the Ger man shells. "In the Argonne and on the heights of the Meuse the Germans claim to have made further progress. It Is re ported that the Germans have sent heavy reinforcements to this district to preveit the French from breaking their lines, which are close to their own border and not far from Mets. "French German troops dispatched to Alsace, combined with the wintry weather have stopped the Freneh ad vance in that region. Along the rest of the front artillery is doing moat o~ the work. Only isolated attacks are being attempted, bad weather ad mud making movements of large bodies of troops out of the question. "Neither East Prussia nor Poland furnishes any change in the general situation and strangely, the Russians have added little with reference to expected invasion of Hungary by way of Bukowina, although more than a week ago they claimed to be at the threshold. -It Is conceded, howerer, that virtually the whole of Bukowina is in Russian hands and dispatches reaching London from Bucharest say that thousands of fugitives-from that territory are urossing the Roumanin frontier, some of them proceeding to Vienna. "In restricted areas along the River Rawka, near Bolimow, however, there - has been fierce fighting. Severe fight lng continues on the Nida River, where the Austrians oppose Russian - attempts to penctrate to Cracow. "The Germans are keeping the Ma zurlan Lakes open with ice breakers to block the Russian advance In East Prussia. Russian troops hold posi tions around the lakes and have been waiting for them to freeze over before* resuming their offensive. "The Turks deny they have been defeated by the Russians In the Cau casus. To offset this denial, Petro grad had a report that Noury Boy, chief of the general staff of the Third Ottoman army corps, who was sent by the sultan to investigate the re ort of dhe defeat, has been captured by Cossacks. "The Turks have been offering stubborn resistance to the Russians at Kara Urgan, where a battle has been In progre' for five days. The - position at this place is more favor sble for the Turks, who have not the deep snow of the mountains to con tend with and are in closer touch with their base. It Is a death strug gle for them, for so long as the Rus sian fleet commands the Black .Sea the Turks can not get reinforcements from Europe, the overland route be ing a long and dificult one. They have an army corps at Bagdad, but this is needed to oppose the advance. of the Bcitish Indian army from the east. "The Austrians charge that the Russians are using Austro-Hungarian uniforms to catch Austrian patrols. It is declared the rights of belliger ents will not be accorded Russians who are captured so masquerading. "A synopsis < f an alleged treaty be tween Germany and Turkey, as re ceived in Paris from Dedeagach, Bul garia. purniorts to provide that Ger many shall supply Turkey with muni tions of war. money and German offi cers and military specialists. In the event of victory Germany will pay Turkey one-fifth of her war indemni ty and In case of defeat will intro duce a clause in the peace treaty guaranteeing the integrity of Otto man territory." Berlin reports: "In the Argonne orest a French vantage point was taken on the Roman high road. In this engagement two offl.cers and 140 men fell into our hands. "In the battles on the eastern side f the Argonne we have taken since January 8, includIng those already. mentioned, one major, three captains. 13 lieutenants and 1.600 men. The Ernech total loss, including kCilled and njured, in this battle area conse luently are estimated at 3.500 men.'' '- I Stands Small Chance. Reresentative Alken's bill, Intro luced Wednesday, to create two judi ial districts for the state of South Darolina, is regarded as unfavorable. Trade Balance Grows. A trade balanee of $35,092,453 on 'oreian merchandise tr'an'actions be ween this eeuntry and Europe was nnounced Monday night. The submarines and torpede boats the AtlanltiS feet are to prapiise e! AEl1 dilg Tra