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VOL. XXVIII MANNING, S, C., WEDNESDAY. FEBRUAR 10,1915 CAN'T PASS DILL VICE IESSENT Ay DECIDE SENATE DEABLOCK STONE FLAYS REBELS Unable to Proceed With thy Business at Hand the Democrats Take Up ter Time in Denouncing Allies of Repubmcans--W&tin for Ab entees to Arrive. Plats of administration Democrats to bring the government ship pur chase bill out of danger in the Sen at* had not been completed, but champions of the measure had not abandoned hope that a way would be found to recommit -the bill, with def inMate instructions for its amendment. Recalcitrant Democrats flatly re fused to yield to concessions agreed upon by the majority in secret cau ca Tuesday night, and administra tion leaders found they could not ob tain enough votes to defeat the coali tion of Republicans and insurgent Democrats, who insist on sending the , biU back to committee without In structions. This would mean death for this session. Instead of pressing their plan to recommit with instructions, . there fore, the party leaders contented themselves with castigating- in the open the seven Democrats who .over turned the shipping program last Monday. Senator Stone, selected for this undertaking, held the floor sev eral hours, bitterly denouncing the seven insurgents as the 'recreant Democrats who had endeavored to unhorse their party." ^ Senator Stone, particularly attack ed Senator Clarke of Arkansas, whom be described as the leader in the re volt, and Senator- Camden of Ken tucky- 'He charged that Senator Carke.iad violated a caucus pledge. The Arkansas Senator denied this. explaining he- had warned his col leagues that he would not be bound by any action which would deprive him of his right to vote against the WgL While Senator Stone was speaking Senators Kern, Simmons, Fletcher, Martin and others were at work to forestall a vote until absent Demo wrats could ret-rn to Washington, or murancee could be secured that naough Progressive Republican sup port could be counted on to insure a majority. In denouncing his seven Democrat ft coaeagues, Senator Stone charged them with open hostility to their par ty. e. also made a vigorous defence of -the administration, asserting- he iould rather follow .President Wil son's leadership than that of "Elihe Root,.Henrj Cabot Lodge, Theodore - . .Brton, Wiam Edgar Borah Jacob Gainger or any recreant al Jeged-Deneratwbo goes about wtl a aggdr-in his sleeve." Referring to Senator Camden'? "secret conferences with opponentF of the shipping bill." the speakei said there "had been doubting Thom ases who whispered that if the issue were sharply drawn between the vest ed interests and the masses of the people. the Senator would be most active." Senator Camden replied briefly, saying he was willing to leave his legislative sluggishness to his friends and neighbors to determine but that when It came to "denounc ing secrecy, It comes with Ill grace from the.Senator from Missouri, whc Is known the world over as 'Gum Shoe Bil1.'" Senator Hoke Smith Issued a state ment denying that he was opposed to the shipping bilL - "When the vice-president ruled that the motion to recommit was out of order because a call had been made for the yeas and nays. I -voted against sustaining the ruling of the chair," he said, "for-the rules of the Senate emnressiv provide th'at a mo tion to recommit can be made at any time before final action In the Senate upon a bill. I have co-operated wit-' the Democratic caucuses In every way to support this measure, and I expect *to continue to dlo so and I earnestly desire the legislation passed." -Champions of the bill found them selves-lacking at least two votes to recommit with instructions. They admitted there was no possibility o' picturing those votes until next Mon day, when two absent senators are expected to return. Senators who favor the new plar pointed out that some Progressive Republicans and some Insurgent Democrats are pledged merely to vote for Senator Clarke's motion to re commit without instructions. From these, they believe, pledges of sup port could be procured for a subse quent motion to discharge the com merce -committee from further con sideration of the bill If it failed to re turn the measure with amendment? recommer -sd by the caucus. Senator a etcher, in charge of the bill, said Thursday night he would b' willing to vote to recommit If assur ed of enough votes to carry a motior to discharge the committeed. B' such a plan, he said, the bill could b reintroduced in the Senate in a forn approved by the majority Democrats. Senator Fletcher said still another plan not yet ready to be revealed wac being discussed; but that unless some sure way out could be found, no vot4 would be permitted until the absent Democratic senators return. * Administration Democrats refornm ed their lines and found they ha' only 48 votes against the 48 Republi cans waiting to send the bill back to the commerce committee without In structions. Their only course was to stave off a vote while Senator New lands hurries back from Californis and Senator Smith of South Caro lna, can come from the bedside of his sick wife. With their votes the Democrats figure that barring sur prises, the contest will be even and the vice-president will be called upon for the deciding vote. Administration leaders count him with them. 'Vice-President Marshall probably will cast the vote which decides whether the administration ship bill lives or dies at this session of con gress. If expectations of the leaders are fulfilled it will be one of the few instances in which the vice-president has swung the balance. The last was when the late Vice-President Sher man cast the deciding vote for the Bristow resolution which put a con stitutional amendment for direct elec tion of senators before the people. British Aviator Killed. Lieut. Sharpe. of the Canadian con tingent, was killed Thursday while eving nar Shoream. VETO STANDS IN HOUSE IUTERARY TEST FAILS, VOTE IS 261 FOR AND 136 AGAINST. Majority Leader Underwood Asks House to Override the President Some Members Change. -At an attempt to pass the immigra tion bill prescribing a literacy test for immigrants over Precident Wil son's veto failed in the House Thurs day, the affirmativo vote lackin.., just five of the necessary two-thirds. Of 399 members present 261 voted to overrules the veto, 136 voted to sus tain the president, and two answered "present." - The final test came at the close of a day of earnest debate, in which party lines were abandoned. Major ity Leader underwood vigorously crit icised the president's reasons for ve toing the bill, and urged the House to override executive dicapproval. Mr. Underwood told the Hcuse that the country had in several elections re turned majorities in Ccngress favor ing restriction of immigration and that the president's ccntention that no political platform had placed the issue before the people was futile. "The question," said he, "is wheth er you Atand for the American stand ard of living and the Ame icn stand ard of wages." Representative Moore of Pennsyl vania, Republican, urged the House to support '.he president. He declar ed immig %tion had had no bad ef fects on wages and working condi tions in this country and asserted that the restrictions imposed in the bill were contrary to thd fundamental principles "upon -which the forefath ers based this Republic." Chairman Burdett of the immigra tion committee and author of the bill, declared the fight for restrictive im migration legislation would continue. "We lost by a very narro'7 margin," he said, "and a swing of a few votes i ould have passed the bill. The fight will be made again in the next con gress." - The vetoed bill passed the House just a year ago by a vote of 239 to 140. Thursday's vote showed a gain of 22 votes for it and a loss of 4 votes from the opposition strcngth. The 261 votes for p.ssing the bill over the. veto were cart as follows: Democrats 166, Republicans 78, Pro gressives and Progressive Republi cans 16, Independent 1. Against the bill the vote was: Democrats 101, "Insurgent' Demo crat 1, Republicans 32, Progressives and Progressive Republicans 2. Members who were in the House when the bill passed last February and who changed their votes were: Voting for -the bill~ and against overriding the veto: Bailey. Bartlett, of Georgia; Beakes. Brumbaugh, Ma guire, of Maryldid; Park, Whaley, Smith, of Maryland; Taylor, of Ala bama. - . Voting against the bill and for overriding the veto: Cooper, John on, of Utah; Kinkaid, of Nebraska, and Scott. Representative Garner of Texas, who voted present when the bill was passed. voted against overriding the veto. Representative Steenerson, who votd against the bill, voted present Thursday,. Representative Volstead, who was paired against the bill when it passed, voted to override the pres ident's veto. :Presidents Taft and Clevelazd ye toed similar measures and attempts to override them failed. WHITE MAN LYNCHED. Georgia Doctor Accused of Crininal ly Assaulting Married Woman. The body, riddled with bullets, ly ing the little railway station at Evans, Ga., twelve miles from Augus ta, the coroner of Columbia county held an Inquest Thursday afternoon into the death of Dr. A. N. Culber son, who was shot to death at four o'clock Thursday morning by a posse, after a search lasting nearly all night. The jury returned a verdict of justi fable homicide in that Culberson had resisted arrest. Wednesday, at supper time, when Jewitt Davidson. a widely known young farmer, went home he was told that Dr. A. N. Culberson had during the day, at the point of a re volver, assaulted a young married woman. Davidson gave the alarm and by midnight a number of men were making a search for him, locat ing him in a house between Evans and Martinez. where Culberson had gone to spend the night. iLhe occu ants knowcing nothing of the charge against him. The house was surrounded between ' and 4 o'clock, and when members of the posse knocked on the front door Culberson made a dash through the back. Those of the posse who had been stationed there saw him comin~g out in his night clothes. They ay he had a revolver in his hand and turned to fire. Several members of the posse, armed with revolvers and shotguns. fired on him simul taneously. He was fairly riddled. The body was left in the yard where t had fallen until Thursday after noon. when it was removed to Evans 'or the Inquest. TEACHER IS SHOT. Florida Schoolmaster Shot for Whip ping Pupil. The whipping of a p'upil by a school teacher at Melross, Fla., near Jasper. Fla., resulted in a fight Wednesday in which William Yates. the teacher, was shot and killed and Claude Holt zendorff, father of the pupil, probably was fatally wounded. According to the authorities Holt zendorff and two sons attacked Yates after school closed. In fact, it is al leged Yates and Wilbur Haltzendorff used revolvers. The -latter is in jail charged with the killing of Yates and the elder Holtzendorff is under guard at his home. Go to Germany for Work. A Venice dispatch says m'a'y Ital ians are going to Germany for work. The men are offered $1.62 a day and the women 75c. Insist that Cruiser Sank. The Germans insist that a British cruiser went down in the recent naval battle as a result of a torpedo. Falls Fifteen Stories. John W. Hughes. a clerk of At lanta, fell fifteen stories to his death Thursday. I. I Russian Sink German Destroyer. Paris reports that a German torpe do boat has been sunk by a Russian numrine on .Tanuary 29. URGES COOPERATION WILSON SAYS GOVERNENT AND BUSINESS EST JOIN UNITE AS IN WARTIME President Delivers Interesting Ad dress to Convention of the Cham ber of Commerce-Farmers Must Prepare to Grow More Grain for World Must be Fed. Co-operation between business and the government in framing laws for the benefit of all the people was urg ed by President Wilson Wednesday night in an address before several hundred representative business men at Washington attending the annual convention of the Chamber of Com merce of the United States. He de clared that "we must all pool our in terests" to discover the best means for handling public problems. The president urged the creation in the United States in time-of peace of the same kind of un-tea spirit which moves nations during wars. He re called that "when peace is as hand some as war there will -be no wars," and that "when men engage in the pursuits of peace in the same spirit of self-sacrifice as they engage in war, wars will disappear." The president predicted that, while there is a shortage of food in the world now, the short.ge will be much greater later. He pointed out that under the guidance of the depart ment of agriculture efforts must be made by American farmers to grow more and more grain, that the world may be fed. Speaking of the foreign trade of the United States the president.asked business men to devise some way of allowing Ameriacn exporters to com bine in form common selling agen cies and to give long time credits in such a way that these co-operative devices may be open to the use of all. He declared that apparently the anti trust laws prohibited such combina tions now, but that he would favor a change if a method fair to all could be found. He spoke.of the bureau of foreign and domestic commerce's work in "surveying the world" for the bendfit of all business men. Business men themselves are to blame if ignorant laws affecting them are formed, the president asserted. He added that they should come out into the open and use their knowl edge of conditions to 'bring about laws to prevent business evils. The Mexican question was men tioned by Mr. Wilson as an example of the difficulty he had in getting ac curate information. "I would prefer that you receive me as if for the time being I were one of your own number," said the president, "because the longer I- oc cupy the office that I now occupy the more I regret any lines of separation, the more I deplore any feeling that one set of men has one set of inter ests and another set of men has an other set of interests; the more I feel the solidarity of the nation, the im possibility of separating one interest from another without misconceiving it, the necessity that we should all understand another in order that we may understand ourselves. "There is an Illustration which I have used a great many times. I will use It again, because It is the most serviceable to my mind. We often speak of a man who can not find his way in some jungle or some desert as having lost himself. Did you never reflect that that is the only thing he has not lost? He is there. He lost the rest of the worl'd. He has no fixed point from which to steer. He does not know which is north, which Is south, which Is east, which is west; and, if he did know, he is so confused. that he would not know in which of those directions his goal lay, and, therefore, following his heart he walks in a great circle from right to left and comes balk to where he start ed, to himself again. "To my mind it is a picture of the world. If you have lost other inter ests and do not know the relation of your own interests to those other in terests, then you do not understand your own interests and have lost yours. What you want is orienta tion, relationship to the points of the compass, relationship to the other people in the world, vital connections which have for the time being been severed. And so I am particularly glad to express my admiration for the kind of organization which you have drawn together. "I have attended banquets of chambers of commerce in various parts of the country and have got the impression at each of those banquets that there was only one city in the country. -And it has seemed to me that these associations were mm -.nt in order to destroy man's perspective, in order to destroy his sense of rela tive proportions: worst of all, if I may be permitted to say so, they were intended to boost something in par ticular. 'Boosting' is a very unhand some thing. Advancing enterprise is a very handsome thing, but to exag-. gerate local merit in order to create disproportion In the general develop ment is not a particularly handsome thing or not particualrly intelligent thing. "The advantage about a chamber of commerce of the United States is that there is only one way to boost the United States and that is by see ing to it that the conditions under which business is done throughout the country are the best possible con ditions. There can not be any dis proportion about that. If you draw your sap and your vitality from all quarters then the more sap and .vital ity there is in you the more there is in the commonwealth as a whole and every time you lift at all you lift the whole level of manufacturing and mercantile enterprise. "Moreover, the advantage of it is that you can not boost the United States in that way without under standing the United States. You learn a great deal. I agreed with a col league of mine in the cabinet the other day that we ha.d never attended in our lives before a school to com part with that we are now attending for the purpose of gaining a liberal education. "Of course. I learn a great many things that are not so. But the in teresting thing about it is this: If you hear enough of them you see there is no :pzttern whatever. It is a crazy quilt. Whereas the truth al ways matches piece for piece, with other parts of the truth. "No man can lie consistently, and he can not lie abcut everything if he etlk to enn lng. So that I would guarantee that if enough liars talke to you, you would get the truth. "I had somewhat that experience about Mexico, and that was about th only way in which I learned anything thal was so, for there have beer vivid imaginations and many specia interests which have depicted thing as they wished me to believe then to be. "Now, seriously, the task of thi body is to match all the facts of busi ness throughout the country, and se( the best and consistent part of them. That is the reason-and I think you are to be congratulated upon the fact -that you can not do this thing with out common counsel. I hate asked myself, before I cam i here to-night, what relation th government could bear to you. You are two aspects and activities of the government with which you will naturally come into most direct contact. "The first s the government's pow er of inquiry-systematic and disin terested inquiry-and its tower of scientific- assistance. You get an 11 lustration of the latter, for example, in the department of agriculture. Has it occurred to you, I wonder, that we are just upon the eve of a time when our department of agriculture will be of infinite importance to the whole world? "There is a shortage of food in the world now. That shortage will be more serious a few months from now than it is now. It is necessary that 'we should plant a great deal more. It is necessary that our land should yield more per acre, than it does now. It is ne'cessary that there should not be a plow or a spade idle in this coun try if the world is to be fed; and the methods of our farmers must feed upon the scientific information to be derived from the state department of agriculture and from that tap room to fall, the United States department of agriculture. "The origin and use of that depart men is to inform men of the last de velopments and disclosurts of science, with regard to all the processes by which soils can be put to their proper use and their fertility made the great est possible. "Siimlarly with the bureau of standards. It is ready to supply those things by which you can set forms, you can state bases for all the scien tific processes of business. "The government of the United States is very properly a great in strumentality of inquiry and informa tion. One thing we are just begin ning to do that we ought to have done long ago. We ought long ago to have had our bureau of foreign and do mestic commerce. We ought long ago to have sent the best eyes of the gov ernment out in the world where the opportunities and openings of Ameri can commerce and American genius were to be found. Men who were not sent out as the particular agents of -any set of commercit1 industries in the United States but who were eyes for the whole community. "But there are other ways of using the government of the United States, ways that have long been tried, though not always with conspicuous success or fortunate-results. You can use the government of the United States by influencing its legislation. That has been a very active industry, but it has not always been managed as the interest of the whole people. It is very instructive and useful for the government of the Unittd States to have such means as you are ready to supply forgetting a sbrt of consen sus of opinion, which proceeds from no particular quarter, and original and with no particular interest be cause Information is the very founda tion of all right action in legislation. "Men on the Inside of business know how business is conducted and they can not complain if men on' the outside make mistakes about busi ness, if they do not come from the In side and give the kind of advice which is necessary. The trouble in the past for I think the thing is changing very rapidly-has generally been that they came with all their bristles out. They came on the defensive. They ~came to see, not what they could. ac complish. but what they could pre vent. They did not come to guide. but they came to block, and that is of no use whatever to the general body politic. "'What has got to pervade us like a great motive power Is that we can not and must not separate our interests from one another. but must pool our interests. A man who .is trying to fight for his single handed is fighting against the coramunity and not fight ing with it. "There are a great many dreadful things about war, as niobody needs to be told in this city of distress and of terror. But there is one thing about war which has a very splendid side. and that Is the consciousness that a whole nation gets, that they must all act as a unit, for the nation; and when peace is as handsome as war there will be no war. .When men, I mean, engage in the pursuits of peace In the same spirit of self-sacrifice, and of conscious service of the com munity with which, at any rate, the common soldier engages in war, then shall there be wars no more. You have moved the vanguard for the United States in the purposes of this association just a little nearer that ideal. That is the reason I am here, because I believe that. "There is a specific matter about what I, for one, want your advice. Let me say, if I may say It without disrespect, that I do not think you are prepared to give it right away. You will have to make some rather extended inquiries before you are ready to give it. What I am think ing of is competition in foreign mar kets as between the merchants of dif ferent nations. "I speak of the subject wvith a cer tain aegree of hesitation, because the thing farthest from my thought is taking advantage of nations now dis abled, from playing the full part in that competition, and seeking a sud den selfish advantage because they are for the time being disabled. Pray believe me. that we ought to elimi nate all that thought from our minds and consider this matter as if we and the other nations of the world were in the normal circumstances of com mnerce. There is a normal circum stance of commerce in which we are apparently at a disadvantage. "Our anti-trust laws apparently ...make it illegal for merchants in the United States to form combi nations for the purpose of strengthen ing themselves in taking advantage of the opportunities of foreign com petition. That is a very serious mat ter for this reason: There are some corporations and some firms, for all I know, whose.business is great enough and whose resources are abundant enough to enable them to establish selling agencies in foreign countries. ...The question arines, therefore. how the smaller merchants, how are the younger and weaker corporations. going to get a foothold as against the combinations which are permitted ernments in this very field of compe tition? "American mercha ts feel thal they are at a very considerable disad vantage in contending against that The matter has been many time brought to my attention and I have each time suspended judgment, be cause in this matter 'I am from Mis souri,' and I want to be shown this: I want to be shown hcw that com bination can -be made end conducted in a way which won't close it against the use of everybody who wants to use it. "What I would like very much to be shown, therefore, is a method of co-operation, which is not a method of combination, not that the two words are mutually exclusive, but we have come to have a special meaning attached to the word 'combination.' Most of our combinations have a safe ty lock and you have to get the com bination to get in I want to -know how these co-operative methods can be adopted for the benefit of every body who wants to use them, and I say frankly, if I can be shown. that, I am for them. "If I can not be shown-that, I am against them, and I hasten to add that hopefully I eicept that I can be shown." The president said that he hoped the organization would take steps to discover the opinion of the small mer chants and bankers in the country districts on the subject. "As a matter of fact," he con tinued, "you I .not hav.e time to think in a city. . . . "There are thinking spaces in this country, and some of the thinking done is very solid thinking indeed; the thinking of the sort- of men that we all live best, who think for them selves, who do not see things as they are told to see them,- but look at them and see them for themselves, and if they are told they are white when they are not white, plainly' say that they are black; men with eyes and with a courage back of those eyes to tell what they see. The country is full of those men." Experience has taught him, the president said, not to try to dominate any conference called to get the best solution of a problem because "com mon counsel" always brings the best results. . . "It is a splendid thing to .e part of a great wide-awake nation; it is a splendid thing to know that your own strength is infinitely multiplied by the strength of other men who love the country; it is a splendid thing to feel that the wholesome blood of a great ce-Antry can be united In a com mon purpose, and that by frankly looking one another in the face and taking counsel with one another, pre Judices will drop away and handsome understandings will arise and a uni fersal spirit of service will be engen dered, and with this increased sense of community of purpose will come a vastly enhanced individual power of achievement for we will be elevated by the whole mass of which we con stitute a part." - GAIN EXPORTS INCREASE. ' Reports Show That Much Wheat and Corn Have Been Exported. Five times as much wheat and six times as much corn were exported from the United States in December as in the same mon'h in 1913; flour exports increas-d more than 68 per cent. for the same period; fresh beef increased more than twelvefold, and generally the exports of breadstuffs, which includes practically all the sta ple grains, increased five times. Those figures were disclosed Thurs day by the department of commerce In response to inquiries as to what extent foodstuffs were going abroad with resulting abnormal prices at home. The department's summary says: . "Wheat exports in December ag gregate 28,875,217 bushels, or five times the quantity in December, 1913. The average export price last Decem ber was $1.25 per bushel,- against 93 cents in December one year earlier. Of 'flour the month's export move ment as 68 1-2 per cent. more than in December, 1913, beIng 1,818,317 barrels, compared ith .1,079,240 in the same month a year ago and the value thereof~ was $9,473,660, com pared with $4,903,223 in December, 1913. Oats showed a larger total in December than In the -entire calendar year 1913. "Corn exports In December, 1914, amounted to 4,582,006 bushels, val ued at $3,554,592, against 749,124 bushels, valued at $560,165, in -Dec ember, 1913.".. EXTENDS WAR 2iONE. Germany Wans Neutrals 'to' Stay Away From English Waters. The German admiralty Thursday issued the following communication: "The waters around Great' Britain and Ireland, .-cluding the whole Eng lish channel, are aclared a war zone from and after February 18. "Every enemy ship found in this zone will be destroyed, even If it is impossible to avert dangers which threaten the. crew and passengers. "Also neutral ships in the war zone are in 'danger as in consequence of the misuse of neutral flags ordered by the British government on Janu ary 31, and in view of the hazards of naval warfare, it can not always be avoided that attacks ineant for enemy ships en 'nger neutral ships. "Shipping northward, around the Shetland Islands in the eastern basin of the North Sea and In a strip of at least thirty nautical miles In breadth along the Dutch coast is endangere'd in the same way.' Two Children Burned.. Mrs. G. W. Doyle and her two chil dren of Elkins, W. Va., were burned to death when tlieir home was de stroyed Wednesday. Her husband was seriously burned when he made a futile attempt to rescue his wife. Woodsiien Burned to Death. Ten woodsmen. were burned to death and five others seriously injur ed when a lodging house of a fuel company at Kane, Pa., was burned Wednesday night. Riting in Italy. The high price of bread is causing serious rioting in Italy. At Sassari crowds went down the streets break ing into stores. Villa Takes Presidency. Gen. Villa has proclaimed himself president of Mexico. according to news received in El Paso Wednesday night. Say They Have Plenty. The Hungarian minister is report ed to have said that there is plenty of foodstuffs in Austria and Hungary to last until the next hrest. ATTACKS CONTINUE RUSSIANS AND GERMANS CARR1 ON DEADLY WAREARE NO [HAME IN THE EAS Petrograd Reports That Germam Continue Attack Which Britisl Military Experts Say Are Virtuall] Impossible to Bring Favorable Re sults-Turks Attack Suez Canal London repo-ts the "efforts of Ger man Field Marshal van Hindenbers to check the Russi.ns in East Prussia and the Carpathians by compelling them to reinforce their centre wesi of Warsa-w have brought a desperate attack. Regiment after regiment sup ported by great masses of artillery has been thrown against the Russiari lines, anu both sides claim to. have inflicted heavy losses on their oppo nents, and each reports progress. "It is apparent, however, that while the Germans are making every effort .to get near Warsaw,. the Rus sians, for the present, are satisfied te hold their positions and inflict as heavy losses on their adversaries as possible. Near Bolemow the fighting has been fierce and contin'uous for weeks and the Russians claim to have taken one village for which the armies have been contending. "Meanwhile the Germans have sent strong reinforcements south to check the advance of Russians reported 'south of the main range of the Car pathians anjd are thus again over looking the plains of Hungary. "In the west the artillery continues to play the major part. Each side makes occasional attacks which, ac cording to official reports, iniariably are repulsed. "Although not officially mentioned, it is reported that British warships again are bombarding German posi tions on the Belginn coast, while the airmen of the Allies are dropping bombs on the German trenches at points of concentration. "While the Russians are on the of fensive in East Prussia, in Northwest Poland and in -the passes of the Car pathians, the Germans continue their attacks on the Russian lines aloig the Bbura and Rawka rivers. The invaders reached the Rawka line about the middle of December and since that time have made at least half a dozen attacks in force against the Russian trenches, each time at undoubted heavy cost. "Nothing daunted, however, they have been repeating the attacks dur ing the past week, and while they made a slight advance it has been ac complished only after further great losses, according -to Petrograd re ports. Now it is believed the Ger mans are preparing for still another onslaught, for only by compelling the Russians to strengthen their lines protecting Warsaw can they hope to divert Russian attacks from East Prussia and Hungary. "Military men believe the Germans are attempting something virt ially impossible in their efforts to force their way through Warsaw. The Rawka'and Bzura lines, which they have been attacking for six weeks, are exceedingly strong for on the right banks of the rilers, which the Russians for the most part hold, the ground Is considerably higher than on-the left -banks, so the Russian in fantry and artilelry have a decided advantage. "Should the Germans break through this barrier there is another line of entrenichments half way be tween the Bzura and Warsaw, with Bonie as the centre, which would have to be forced, before the Polish capital fell: "In the Carpathians the Austrians and Germans are offering vigorous re sistance to -the Russians and a de cision - has, not yet been reacdbed in the battle whit a has been in progress there for several days. "The statement in the. Russian of ficial report that there h .s been fight ing southeast *of Uzsok Pass, and southeast of Beskid-Pass. indicates the extent of the -struggle." Petrograd reports: "The last few days have brought no change of im portance in East -Prussia and Poland, where the Russians and Germans are striving for the mastery. In the vici nity of Tilsit and south of .the Mazu rian lake region in East Prussia and on the right bank of the Vistula be tween Plotsk, Dobryzin and Lipno daily skirmishes are reported. "This fighting is chiefly between cavalry and artillery and each side apparently is only Intent on discover ing the weakness of'each other's line. or preventing flanking attempt. "On the left bank of the Vistula, fromn the junction of that stream and the Bzura, to Sochachzew, - where both sides are strongly entrenched with several reserve lines, neither the Russians nor Germans seem inclined to take up a serious offensive move ment. "Nevertheless they are keeping up an intermitten bombardment. Far ther southeast between Goumine and Borfimow, 14 German regiments. with heavy artillery support, made a sledge hammer effort to break the Russian line. This. was one of several successive attacks which in the past four days, according to Russian re ports; have resulted in German losses of more than 6,000 killed. "From the extreme German right. which touches the Austrian left in the vicinity of Rawa and southward to Galicia, along the rivers Nida and Dunajec, the Austro-Hungarians like wise are strongly entrenched. In the Carpathians -the Austro-German forces now are estimated at 20 corps. They continue their offensive in an endeavor to drive the Russians from Przemysl and eastern Galicia, but are being .stubbornly opposed at all points. "The Austrian army, which pre i'iously had been directing efforts against Servia, together with the Ger mans sent to reinforce them, now are said to be in the Carputhian passes." London reports: "The Turhs at last have made a definite attack on the Suez canal, but, after a sharp fight, they were driven off ivith heavy losses. "After a fruitless attempt Tuesday night to bridge and the canal near Toussoum, they returned to the at tack early Wednesday with a force estimated at 12,000 and six batteries of artillery and essayed to cross on rafts. The British force threw the invaders back, taking about 300 pris oners. "Many Turks were killed and wounded. The British lost 15 killed and 58 wounded. The attack we re (Cop~uue ou ns. age. HOW PROMOTIONS OCCUR DANIELS FAVORS ELJMINATION OF PLUCKING BOARD. Secretary Shows How Midshipmen Are Gradually Thinned Out and Promoted to Higher Positions. Secretary Daniels of the navy de partment Wednesday in discussing the passage by the House of legisla tion providing for the abolition of the- so-called Plucking Board, assert ed that he favored the action, but hoped congress would, at this session, provide by law some substitute to take-the place of that body. Secre tary Daniels said that he was strong ly in favor of the creation of an ac tive reserve list of officers, as pro vidde in the personnel bill, drafted by the navy department, now pend ing before congress. Secretary Daniels' ettention was called to the fact that the House had stricken out of the naval appropria tion bill a humber of proposcls favor ed by the department, and he was asked what he thought about it. He said that when the naval appropria tion bill reached-the Senate he would urge the plan for the creation of an active reserve list of officers and also an appropriation of $10,000,000 for aeroplanes. Mr. Daniels said he real ized that it would be impossible to obtain all the things he desired for the navy. - . "As long ago as last July," said the secretary, "I advocated the aboli tion of the Plucking Board. At that time I took steps such as were neces sary to remedy not only the condi tions the Plucking Board was intend ed to overcome, but also all other questions concerning pcersonnel which had developed in recent years. "A board, composed of Assistant Secretary Roosevelt, Rear Admiral Blue, Chief Constructor Taylor, and Lieut. Austin, was appointed last summer to investigate the whole question and recommend a measure which would cause a reasonable flow of promotion, by competitive meth ods. "The competitive test proposed will involve . three factors: professional knowledge, the service record of past performance, and service opinions ob tained from the recommendations of officers senior in the service. "Under the system we propose a midshipman on entering the naval academy becomes a -member of. a class varying in number from 250 to 300. After four years' work, with the consequent elimination - of the least fit, about 150 should be taken into the service as ensigns at an average age of about 22. -After three years' service as ensign a competitive examination will be held, establish ing the order of merit. Of the origi nal 150, then reduced by natural causes to about 135, 100 will be con tinued in the line of the navy and ap proximately 25 others in the Pay, Construction, Civil Engineer,, and Marine Corps. The remaining en signs, approximately ten yearly those at the bottom-will be honor ably discharged with one year's pay,. as was the case for many years in the past with surplus midshipmen. "The 100 ensigns remaining in the line will be commissioned lieuten ants (junior grade). At the end of six years those remaining will be pro moted to the grade of lieutenant, subject to the usual examination. They will remain in the grade of a lieutenant for a similar period of six years. Those remaining will become candidates for promotion. .Att this point will begin the process of pro motion by selection and the transfer to the active reserve list of those not promoted.. "Normally two out of every three lieutenants will be promoted to the grade of lieutenant commander, and the length of service in this grade is also six years. At the end of that period those remaining will become candidates for promotion to the grade of commander. About one-half will be promoted and the other half transferred to the active reserve list Those promoted will serve as com manders for six years. "About one-half will then be pro moted in the same manner to the grade of service prescribed for cap tain, and the class originally com posed of 150 ensigns -will, on arriv ing at the top of the list of captains at the end-of 34 years' service, be re duced to approximately 10o on the ac tive list. Of this number, five will go up to the grade of rear admiral and the remainder will be placed on the active reserve list. "The foregoing outline applies to the normal course after the proposed system is in full operation. Existing 'humps' in. the personnel of the ser vice will take a number of years to smooth out, but it Is believed that the process laid down will be carried on with the greatest possible fairness to the officers affected. For a num ber .of years to come the transfers to the active reserve list will be less than when the bill is in full opera tion, especially transfers from the lower grades. The sam'e general principles applied to the line of the navy will be applied to the various staff corps." PUT BATTERIES IN WHITE. German Ruse When Snow Falls Puz zles the French. A device by which the Germans have helped winter mask their bat teries in the field In northern France is described in a letter written to the Frankfurter Zeitung, by a journalist now serving as an artillery officer at the front. For weeks, he said, the German batteries in shifting positions had been hurling their iron hail against the French -near Lille. Then. snow fell; covering the landscape in white. In vain the French ofiicers on obser vation sought to discover the German batteries as on the day before by watching for the sun-glint on the metal parts. Everywhere. there was but an unbroken stretch of white. The Germans, the writer explains, had turned each battery into white by wrapping the wheels and gun car riage with white towels, sheets, and curtains and stretching a white sheet in front of it. Suddenly a centra' patch in the white sheet was drawn away, and the white nose of the can non was pointed upward through it. The very artilleryman who touched it off, the correspondent adds, was dressed in white from top to toe in a ludicrous long nightgown, and the entire battery and its crew were quite indistinguishable amid the white of the snow-covered landscape. British Mule Deposit. Fifty thousand dollars is being spent each week in Lathrop. Mo., for thefeeingof12,000 nmules destined PROSPERiTY COMINI WILSON SAYS THIS ,OUNTRY IS ON DAIN Of NE IlA SPEAKS TO BUSINESS MN President Places Publicity at the Head of Better Business Rules Says Nobody is Going to be Sus picious of Big Business in These Days Just Because It's Big. Another confident prediction that' the country soon will enter upon. a new era of enterprise and.prosperity was voiced Friday by'President Wil son in a speech before the convention of the American Electric Railway as sociation at Washington. * Speaking to business men and through them to the world of. busi ness generally, the president outlined what the Democratic congress has tried to accomplish through Its trust legislation, and declared that while a test period would be required to de termine whether the correct remedy. had been applied, he -believed, the "mass of interrogation points" which had checked enterprise-for 20 years had been cleared away. With a com mon understanding regarding 'busi ness reached, he said, h-nceforth no body is going to be suspicious of any business just because -it is big. He' gave some of the "rules of the game which he thought ought to' be fel lowed, adding to'the list wise pub Jicity-''not doing anything under cover." "I have always maintained that die only way in which men could under-" stand one another was by meeting one another," said the president. "If I believed all that I read in the news papers I would not understand any body. I have known men- whose' hands dropped away the 'moment 1 was permitted to examine their char acter. Eve of New Era. "It seems to me. . . that we are upon the eve of a new era of enter prise and of prosperity. Enterprise has been checked in this- country for: almost 20 years, beca.se men were moving amongst a maze of interr6 gation points. . They did no ktiow what was going to happen. to them All sorts of Tegulations were -propos ed and it was a matter of uncertain ty what sort.of regulation was going to be adopted. All sorts of charges were made against- business as if hus- - iness *ere -at fault, when most men knew that the great majority of busi ness men were honest, were. public spirited, were intending the right thing, and the many were made ,afraid because the 'few did. not- do what was right. "The most necessary thing, there. fore, was for us to agree, a. we 4id,". by slow stages Agree, upon the main particulars of what ought not:,to1b done and then to put our laws in such shape as to correspond with that general judgment.... I~~ have' never doubted that all America -be-'.1 lieved in doing what was fair an - honorable and of good report. . Ba't the method, the method of control by. law against the small minority that was recalcitrant rgainst these. prihcl' ples, was a thing that it was -difficult to determine upon, and it wad a very great burden, let me say, to fall upon a particular administration of -.his government to have to undertake practically the whole business of:Einal definition. That is what- has been at-~ tempted by the congress -now about - to come to a close. It has attempted to define the reforms for which -the- - country has been getting ready. Must Test Value, - "It will require a period of tist to determine whether they have sue cessfully defined them or net, but no one needs to have it proved to him that it was necessary to define -them - and remove the uncertainties : and. that the uncertainties being removed, common understandings are possible and a universal cc-operation. "In the first place, I feel that the mists ano miasmic suhpicions that* have filled the business world. have' now been blown away. . . '. No-' body is henceforth going to be arraid of or suspicious of any business be cause it is big. But they have been suspicious whenever they.'-thought that the bigness as feing used to take an unfair advantage. . . . But pond having been given for the big fellow, we can sleep u .conscious at night. "The era of priva'te business in the sense of business conducted with the money of the partners-I mean of the managing partners-is practical ly past. . .. Therefore, almost aHl business has this direct responsibility to the public in general. We owe a constant report to the public 'whose mercy we are constantly asking for in order to conduct th> business It self. Therefore, we have got to trade - not only on our efficiency, not only on the service that we render, but on the confidence that we cultivate. There is a new atmosphere for business. The oxygen~ that the lungs of modern business takes in is the oxygen of the public confidence and if you have not got that your business Is essentially paralyzed and asphyxiated. Liberty for Business. "I take it that we are in a posItion now to come to a common under standing, knowing that only a- corn mon understanding will be the stable basis of business and that what we want for business hereafter is the same kind of liberty that we want for the individual. The liberty of the In- . dividual is limited with the greatest sharpness where his actions come into collision with the interests of the community he lives in. "There have been times-I will not specify them, but there have been times-when the field looked free, but when there were favors received from the -managers of the course, when there were advantages given, inside tracks accorded. . practices which would block the other runner, rules which would exclude the ama teur who wanted to get in. That . may be a free field, but there Is favor, there is partiality, there Is (Continued on last page.) . England Lends Rurnania $25,000,000 . An agreement was signed in Len don Wednesday in which $25,000.0.00 was lent to RumanIa, which wilI-be used, it is supposed, -for War: mate rials. -' - Biggest Gun Ready. The biggest army gun, ' recently completed for the Panama canal de fences, can throw a 2,400 pound shiefl 01 mile. It is 56 feet In 1angth,