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NEW FEDERAL DISTRIC'] PASSED BY CONGRESS AND BEFORE PRESIDENT. Congressman Johnson Slated I Judge, Thurmond for Attorney a Lyons for Marshal. The House bill dividing South Cz olina into eastern and western fe eral judicial districts and providii for the appointment of an additior district judge passed the Senate Tu' day night. It now goes to the pre dent. The bill requires the preside to make public the names of spo sors for any applicant for appol] ment. The present district judge ,reside In eastern South Carolina is to I come judge of that district, but w retain jurisdiction in the western d trict in cases which already ha come before him. As passed by the House the I provides that the court shall be h( at regular periods at Greenville, Ro Hill and Greenwood, and the office the clerk of the court shall be loc ed at Greenville. As passed the House bill provi that the Cullop amendment shall added, this requiring the names indorsers to be made public. Congressman Aiken and ott members of the delegation who ha labored diligently to have this 1 pass deserve credit for what tl have accomplished. While Representative Johns who first introduced the bill to p vide for the separate operation of 1 eastern and western districts, was the conference compmittee on the 1 islative appropriation bill, the me bers of the delegation conferred a unanimously agreed to recomme Mr. Johnson for appointment to I new judgeship. The following statement was la given out: "After the passage the court bill by the House and Si ate. the senators and members of 1 House from South Carolina agr unanimously to recommend to 1 -president for appointment as judge the new district, Congresman Josc T. Johnson of. Spartanburg. TI also unanimously agreed to recc mend Hon. J. William Thurmond Edgefield for district attorney and J. Lyon of Abbeville for marst While no official statement has b( made it is understood that the pr( dent will approve the recommen, tion of the delegation." The* delegation will call on 1 president in a body and present 1 act for his approval and will deli to him a letter recommending the.; pointment of Mr. Johnson signed every member of the delegation cept Mr. Johnson. The appointment- will in all pr L ability not be made until the n session of congress in December. date-will-not be affected. "This is our reply." Admiral Lord Charles Beres< Invited the premier to state whet] Germans who engaged in submar attacks or iaids on unfortified tov and wa:e captured would be tried murder. Mr. Asquith declined give any definite assurance, but said: "No doubt the governmenti take int serious consideration w: Is the status under international:] of persons engaged In this campaig Referring again to the propo: retaliatory measures, the premi said: "I may say that the suggest which has been put forth from C man quarters that we have rejec certain . proposals or suggestil made to two powers by the Uni States is untrue. All we have sta to the United States so far is that have taken this matter into care consideration, in consultation '2 our allies." 'sMr. Asqiuith ridiculed what he ci ed the German theory of block and asked: "Where is the Gern fleet?" "It has been seen on the sea o twice since, the war began, he se and Its object in both case was "mn Sder an:1 wholesale destruction property and undefended towns." described the. German campe against British shipping as grotes' and puerile .and said It was a 1 versioa of language to call It a blo ade. ":The gravity of our Immense ta increases each month," he continu "The call for men has been respo: ed to nobly, both at home throughout the empire. That< has never been more urgent than day. We must draw on all our sources, both material and spiriti We have not relaxed, nor shalk relax antil the pursuit of every of ojur ends is accomplished." RTEF SHIP ASHORE. Steamer Which Left Charles1 Meets Accident Wednesday. The British steamship St. Helt is ashore a mile and a half south Currituck life saving station, On: North Carolina coast, according ativices received at Norfolk ea Wednesday. The vessel sailed from Liverp January 14 for Charleston. where is last reported as having arria February -14. She is of 2,708 to The vessel is reported as resting ease. A relief tug left Wedness to aid her. The St. Helena wi ashore at 11:30 Tuesday night. Th was a moderate sea trunning and1 wind was light. The commission for relief in E glum In New York received a wi less from the captain of the St. Ii ena saying a tug had succeeded getting lines to his ship and that -the present weather continued he pected the vessel would be afi soon. Died a Natural Death. The bill introduced in the Kan legislature to prohibit the use of f~ powder, puffs, earrings and false hi by the women of that state has d a natural death. It could do no ot) for, however well intentioned. a measure designed to prescribe wi women shall wear or not wear, what degree, If any, of ornamen tion they may indulge In, is doomi to defeat. In olden times such me; ures and regulations were possib but not in these days of womna rights and greater power. Preach' sometimes declaim against certi forms of dress but it is doubtful they accomplish anything beyond g ting a little passing notoriety, a that is all a legislator gets who tr "his prentice hand" at proscri-ptio and regulation. No doubt some a men go to extremes in making and not unoften costumes are son what startling, but the remedy f these excesses is to be found in t true taste and good sense of w*om generally. Teachers at Front. Out of 11.600 male high schc teachers in Germany, 4,000 are ser ing in the army. Nearly half t high school pupils over 17 have e STOSTARE'ANY AIES NT D TO CUT Off ALL TaE COMIERCE WL STOP ALL SHIPS British Prime Minister Annonnces That England and Her Friends Will Absolutely Cut Enemies Off From All Commerce at Sea Would Stop All Vessels. If the combined fleets of Great Britain and France can prevent it, no 'commodities of any kind except those now on the seas henceforth until the conclusion of the war shall reach or leave the shore of Germany. This is England's answer to Ger many's submarine blockade, and it is to be effective forthwith. Premier Asquith, reading from a prepared statement, made the an em t in the House of Com Monday at a session which will zI historic. Studiously avoiding the trms "blockade" and "contraband' these words occur nowhere i3 k~fteprepared statement-the premier platni that the allies considered thmselves justifred in attempting, and would attempt, "to detain and .- take into port ships carrying goods of presumed enemy destination, own enap or. origin." Th premier emphasized, however, that vessels and cargoes so seized were not necessarily liable to confia ._cato nand begged the patience of neutral countries in the face of a ste: likely to injure them. He added that the measures had been adopted by the allies in self-defense. "We are quite prepared," he weni -on, "to submit to the arbitrament oi neutral opinion, and still more to the verdict of impartial history that im the circumstances in which. we have been placed we have been moderate; ;we have been restrained from thingi tWat Ve were provoked and tempted to do, and we lieve adopted a polic3 -which conimends itself to reason, tc .-mmon sense and to Justice." .,very member of the house not al 'the front or unavoidably detaine -asin his seat and there was fre quent cheering. The galleries wen packed. When the premier conclud -ed his statement, and, turning to the speaker, said: "That, sir, is our re Immediatel7y there was a tre ~mandous outburst. Curiously, the German reply to thi Ainrican note seeking- to solve th * ituation growing out of Germany'i 4eclaration of a naval war zone wa. bnded to Ambassador Gerard at Ber imi Monday and :Premier Asquith, ii speech, said that Great -Britaii and her allies were still considerin Jrfl the American note to then nthe same subject. That the Brit -govern.:nnt had rejected the pro he declared, was "quite un -The tremendous cost of moder wa8rCMrwhich the premier estimat .a now. iat $7,500;000 daily to tho -alone and likely to grow t 4500;000 or more by April, was tho theme of that part of the address no diumng with the blockade. The pre gave these figures In asking fo asuplemetarvote-.of credit, mak %-'gutotal of $1,810,000,000 to pros ~euethe war to March 31, 1915 ,hieh the house unanimously grant The entire struggle with Napoleot cost'England only about -$6,155,000, 9R ad the South -African war onl: Oz$,55,900,000, according to Mr. As -quith. - Bef ore. the premier had finishe< ~T~~ ewspapers were on the street: j~olalbg"Our Answer to Ger ai~~m big letters, and it was ap -uteverywhere that the entire na Shad been chafing .for reprisal th sinking of merchant craf oy aries. She statement is as follows: "Gemany has declared that th< -4 h~ll --hanel, the north and wes sesof Frane' and the water: sound. the -British Isles are a wa: reand has officially notified tha -alenemy ships'found in that ares be. destroyed and that neutra ~emsesmay be 'exposed to danger tisis'in, effeat a claim to torpedo a alight, without regard to the safety o thetbetow or passengers, any merchan de1eunder-any flag. As it is not 12 Spower of the German admiralt: USintti any jurface craft in thea ~-aerethis attack can only be deli 4ed liy submarine agency. ~ ~The'law and .customs of nation: rizgsr51 to attacks on commerci ~always presumod that the dut: 'tbecaptor of a merchant vessel is .,~obring it before a prize court whern sy'~mabe tried, where the regularit: fteCapture may be challenged ani ~ weeneutrals may recover their car gs.The sning of prizes Is in it meta questionalIe act to be resorte< loonly - in -extraordinary circum uiusand after provision has beer 'aefor- the safety of all the cnei ~edpassengers. If there are passen gers on board the responsibility o musemintw~ between neutral an< esistny vessels and between neutra "a(enemny cargo obviously rests .witl th2e attacking ship,-whose duty it 1i to verify the status and character o -he ressel-and cargo and to preservi -almpers before sinking or even cap artIng it. So also is the humant duty of providing for the safety o: te rew of merchant vessels, wheth ernentral or enemy, an obligation or ey belligerent. "It is upon this basis that alk pre ~.zosdiscussion of the law for -regu 2ngwarfare at sea have proceeded - German submarine, however. ful $UDs' none -of these obligations; shi enjoy's no local- command of thi --waters in -which she operates; shi does not take hor capture within th4 sjrisdiction of a prize court; she car rigs no prize crew which can be pui on board a prize; she uses no effec tive means of discriminating betweer a neutral and an enemy vessel; shE do~not~ receive on board for safetl " the crew and passengers of the yes. -T eiishe sinks. These methods of war f~eare, therefore, entirely outsidE -1escope of any'international instr-u ''nmnts regulating operations agains1 comrein time of war. The Ger -man- declaration substitutes indis -ermilnate destruction for regulated eatr.Germany is adopting these -estods against peaceful traders and tenon-combatant crews with the awed object of preventing comn moiisof all kinds, including food for the civilian population, from reaching or leaving the British Isles. "Her opponents are, therefore, driven to frame retaliatory measures hin order In their turn to pevent com modities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany. 'These measures will, however. be enforced by the British and French governments without risk to neutral ships or to neutral or non-combatant -life and in strict observance of the dictates of humanity. The British and French governments will, there lore, hold themselves free to detain Sgoods of presumed enemy destina ~tion, ownership or origin. It is not intended to confiscate such vessels or - argoes unless they would otherwise b-ibl to condemnation. The treat mentaf vessels which sail before this INTERESTS AMERILA OfFIGIALS CONSIDER DRASTIC STEP Of ALLIES or Ud S. MAY ENTER PROTEST d ig This Country, it is Said, Will Discuss' al With~ Great Britain and France nt- Question %f Rights of Neutral nt fn- Shipping % nless the Blockade is It Binding and Effective. nt All commercial intercourse by sea Oe- between Germany and the outside world was declared prohibited Mon is- day by Great B-ritain and France. yO Identical notes presented by the French and British ambassadors at ill Washington informed the United ld States of this drastic step by the ck allies in reply to Germany's war zone of proclamation. The text of the notes t- was the same as the statement made by Premier Asquith in the British es parliament. be If this policy is enforced it no of longer will be possible to ship cotton, manufactured articles and commodi ter ties hitherto of a non-contraband ye character from the United States to ill Germany, directly or indirectly, and ey from Germany the supply of dye stuffs and other merchandisc for this country will be cut off. o' The impression was general in offi he cial circles Monday night that a in strong protest would be made. The action of the allies was regarded as an unprecedented and novel step. Of nd ficials pointed out that in the repris nd als which the belligerents were mak he ing towards each other there was sin gular forgetfulness of the fact that whatever might be the violations of ter international customs as between of those countries at war, this could not :n- affect the status of international he rules as between the United States e and countries with which she was at peace. SAssurances given by Great Britain ey that Monday's note was not a reply to the recent proposals of the United of States for an adjustment of the en c. tire situation which led to the retal al' latory measures gave ground for e' hopes that the measures taken might si- be only temporary. In this connec a tion, the state department issued the following statement: he "The British ambassador has pre he sented the following instruictions er from his government. a!p- "'When presenting tho joint. An by glo-French communication you ex- should inform the United States gov ernment that the communication re Db- ceived from them through the Unit ext ed States ambassador in London re specting a possible limitation of use of submarines and mines and an ar rangement for supplying food to Ger many is being taken into careful con rd sideration by Great Britain and her ier allies.'" ine Copies of the notes were trans ,ns mitted Immediately by Secretary for Bryan to President Wilson. State de to partme-it officials admitted that one he of the most complex problems of the war had arisen. Oficials were unani rill mous in their opinion that the notifi [at cation cculd not be called a "block aw ads" although it virtually had the n." same effect. Bed .It was noted generally that the er communication did not use ther word blockade, and at the French and Brit Ion ish embassies in Washington there er- was 'a similar avoidance of the word. ted The'-notes leave much, therefore, to ans b e .explained. ted It was regarded as virtually cer ted tain that the United States would we promptly make inquiry as to how the ful step was to be carried into practice, ith together with a protest against the announcement that commerce be 1.1- tween Germany and neutral countries ide hereafter would be interrupted by the ian allies. Officials and diplomats were curl ly ous to lknow what would be the dis dd, position of cargoes hitherto not list ur- ed as contraband, such as cotton, of which, if destined to Germ..ny., the He allied fleets propose to take into 'Brit Ign ish or French ports. An. intimation iue was conveyed in British quarters that er- the allies intended to buy outright ck- all such cargoes, but st'ch a promise would net affect the determination C? sk the United States to insist on its ed. right to send non-contraband articles ad- to Germany when the question is Ld argued in further diplomatic corre !al spondence. to- Just when the United States will re -act on the latest note is dependent to Lal. some extent on when the replies are we received from the allies and Germany me to the IL formal communication look ing to an abolition of submarine war fare no merchant ships and the ship ment of foodstuffs to the civilian pop ulation of belligerents. Germany's answer is said to be on on its way, and officials expect that it will be an acquiescence in t~ie princi ple of the American proposals. From mGreat Britain no word had come in mseveral days until Monday's state he ment that the matter was under con tsideration. ry In some quarters, however, there rywas a disposition to regard the Amer ican informal communication as like 0o1 ly to fail of accomplishing anything he beyond a possiblo amelioration of red conditions as to' mines in the open ns. seas. at Displeasure at the latest develop lay ments was not concealed in state de ant partment circles, where the stopping re of commerce to and from Germany ne was viewed as much more serious than a blockade, since it interfered a5l- also with cargoes presumed to be ,re -bound to a belligerent while in tran el- sit to :. neutral country. Whereas in the doctrine of continuous voyage if previously has been Invoked in the ex- present war by Great Britain to sus )at tain her right to detain cargoes at any stage in their journey if proved ultimately to be destined to a bellig erent, such a presumption is under stood now to include all articles of sas; merchandise such as machinery and tce mplements, as well as cotton bound air between the United States and neu ed tral countries, unless an embargo on ier re-exportation is put into effect by ny the neutrals to whom the products tat are consigned. or Injection of an element of suspi ta- don on cargoes of goods hitherto un ed touched when bound between neutral as- ports will greatly increase the duties eof the American goverrnment in pro ,tecting th.a interests of its shippers afrom undue delays, and detentions. frs The r-ntire question of the right set inl up by Great Britain to take neutral if vessels into ports for examination at- and kindred subjects. such as 'on ad signmnents "to order" 'znd to r.atmed es consignees will be brought into the us materially the answer which the 0' United States was preparing to :he p correspondence with Great Britain on e- the subject of contraband. or In approaching the question of' thn [he ground on which the UniteC Soes an should enter pwotest against the 'c tion of the allies, officials worn douta ful as to where they would m- e their argument on the theory that a blockade in reality as being at- 1 ol tempted, or whether they would cen v- tend for the uninterrupte-i passrge 1 de of cargoes ry.t listed as contrabandi a- between this country and bellie' r-.D ent. 'The latter wnnurd be a non FOUND PILES OF DEAD L BRITISH REPORT DESCRIBES BLOODY TRENCH WARFARE. mnafl Atacking Parties Are Merci lessly Killed-Trenches Often Reached in Vain. "All the ground near the front line s ploughed up with shells and fur owed with the remains of old ;renches and graves. The whole lace is a vast cemetery In which our .renches and those of the enemy wind n every direction." This statement is made by the British official "eye-witness" at the Iront in a description given out of le recent battles southeast of Ypres nd of the country in which the irmies are fighting. "In a sheltered spot," he continues, "there is a little graveyard where ome of our own dead have' been buried. Their graves have been care rully marked and a rough square of bricks has been placed around them. En front of the trenches German bodies still lie thick. "At one point of the brick fields recently some thirty men tried to rush our lines. At their head was a young German offier who came on gallantly, waving his sword. He al most reached the barbed wire and then fell dead, and he lies there yet with his sword in his hand and all his thirty men about him. "It Is the same all along the front in this quarter. Everywhere still, gray figures can be seen lying, some times several rows together and sometimes singly or in twos or threes. "This description might serve with a few minor alterations for many of the localities along our front where the fighting has centered around some wood, a village or line of trenches. It is as if each had been swept by a withering blast before which every object has crumbled into ruins or become twisted and deform-: ed, and even the very ground itself looks as if it had been shaken by a violent convulsion of nature. "Counter attacks have been car ried out with such resolution that in nearly all cases the original line has been regained. On the night of Feb ruary 15, as our troops were advanc ing to drive the enemy out of one of these trenches his guns suddenly opened a tremendous fire. "Our men were in the open at some distance from the Germans at the time, and being thus taken at a disadvantage their chance of success looked small. Without a moment's hesitation, however, the attacking line broke into a double quick and, pounding through the mud, burst into the German trench "In one trench, which was more or less isolated, forty of our men con tinued to hold firm until every one of them had been either killed or wounded. Eventually there were only three left who were capable of firing, and these three continued to hold the enemy at bay. In the mean time word was brought to those in the rear that their ammunition was nearly exhausted, and seven men, the strongest available, were selected to bring up as much ammunition as they could carry. "These latter found the three wounded survivors still standing amid the bodies of their dead and disabled comrades and still firing steadily. The support, slender as it was, came in the nick of time, for at that moment the Germans launched another assault,- which, like the pre vious ones, was beaten' off and the position was saved.". - THE DARDANELTES. Allied Fleet is Attacking Gateway to Turish Capital. The Dardanelles, known as the gateway to Constantinople, is a nar row, tortuous strip of water dividing European Turkey- from Asiatic Tur key and leading from the 'Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmora. It is about thirty-three miles in length and aver ages about two miles in widtlr. At the entrance to the straits are, on the Etfropean side, Forts Helles Burnu and Sedd-El-Bahr, which face Fort .Kum -Kate on' the Asiatic side. The, mouth of the Dardanelles Is said to be mined heavily. Up to the waterway toward Constantinople many small forts dot . the shores at intervals, and there are big fortifi cations at the entrance of the Sea of Marmost, and also about ten miles from the entrance~ to the strait, at the beginning of the narrows. Here are forts Namazleh, on the European side, and Chanak Fortress opposite it, both modern forti~fications armed with Krupp guns. SAVES MUCH MONEY. Cotton Steamer Saved $5,000 by Us ing the Newly Opened Ditch. The first shipload of cotton from thp South amounting to 3,270 tons, went through the Panama canal Oc tober 23 last on the steamship Pen rith- Castle. It was bound from Gal veston for Yokohama, Japan. The same steamship made the return trip through the canal in February with a cargo from Seattle for Liverpool, made up princially of wheat for Su rope. It was estimated that on her cot ton cargo the vessel saved $5,060, by using the canal instead of going around South America to get to Japan. Even on the trip to Liyerpool there will be a saving of 23 days at sea, or $1,188 by the canal route. GOES TO SENATE. Oscar Underwood Bids House of Rep resentatives Farewell. Representative Oscar W. Under-i wood Wednesday bade farewell to the House ways and means commit tee, of which he is chairman, as he will represent Alabama as its junior senator after March 4. He presided over the committee at its final ses sion of this congress Wednesday and was presented with a resolution of thnaks and congratulation by his col eagues. There were speeches by va rious members. Speaker Clark later yielded the presiding officer's chair to Mr. Underwood and he presided over the House during part of its de lierations. WILSON CAN'T LEAVE. President Says He is Tied to Wash ington by the Legs. President Wilson declared Monday :he European situation was demand .ng so much of his attention that he was doubtful if he would be able to eave Washington this spring, even to nake his proposed visit to the San 'rancsco exposition. "I am tied here by the legs," was he way his callers said the president ~xpressed the situation. British Collier Damaged. Eighteen members of the crew of he Cardiff steamer Dranksome Thine, an English government collier, anded at New Haven Tuesday even ng. Their vessel either struck a1 nine or was torpedoed in the English hanne1 <. ongation of correspondence on this subject begun last -December. If the former theory is assumed, A however, the rules of international law provide that every blockade to be binding on neutrals must be ef rective, that is, a sufficient force of G ships must be stationed near enough to the ports or coast cf a blockaded country practically to prevent ingress or egress of all vessels. A certain radius of action has been permitted for blockading fleets but this, accord ing to authorities of the United States naval war college, has never been al lowed to extend to remote seas. Officials realized. that except for Be diplomatic correspondence there was no way for neutral governments to enforce their protests and still main tain their neutrality. The general disregard of precedents, it was point ed out, has made the position of neu trals more delicate in the present cir cumstances than ever before, though somewhat similar to those which led to embargoes by the United States coi and the non-intercourse act in the zol the Napoleonic wars. A blockade th the Uapoleonic wars. A blockade m, was declared by Great Britain against ch the coast from the river Elbe to the on port of Brest (France). Napoleon ca: proclaimed a counterblockade against na the entire 'British coast and prohi bited commerce with England. Great in Britain "then -retaliated by issuing an order in council prohibiting neutral vessels from trading with the ports ch of France and her.allies and with all ports of Europe from which the Brit- p ish flag was excluded. .r "Against these various orders and us decrees," writes John Bassett Moore, op former counselor of the state depart- th ment, "the United States protested and as measures of retaliation resort- ac ed to embargoes and non-intercourse al and in the case of Great Britain which was aggravated by the ques tion of impressment eventually of co war." te That these questions were never hc definite.y settled is indicated in the of correspondence between the United hc States and British commissioners who finally urranged the Treaty of m Ghent in 1814. Subsequently international confer- W ences and conventions attempted to 01 defie the operation of a blockade, but in some of them is there any rule, cc ratified by all the present belliger- c ents, that would cover the action of e Great Britain and France. s One of the chief concerns of the ci administration in regard to England's e( latest note was understood to be in I connection with cotton shipments. T Cotton has formed the great bulk of " trade between the United States and P Germany recently. It was reported O1 again Monday night that- the admin- w istration had given consideration to bi declaring an embargo on foodstuffs d( intended for all belligerets in re- e taliation for the interference with fr American shipping, but officials close a to the president previously have said they did not expect he would ask con gross to authorize such an embargo. of LYNCHERS LN COUF.T. t pc ce White Men Accused of Killing Negro g1 Man. Six white men are on trial at Hil- ti halla, charged with killing Green Gib- ti son, a negro, who was lynched at t Fairplay on December 20, 1914. The solicitor asked many of the t jurors the following question: "Will in you convict a white man or white m men for killing or lynching a negro ci if -the fact is proved -beyond a reason-S able doubt?" Two of the jurors an swered in the negative and were ex cused. 5 After the adjournment of court Tuesday afternoon Solicitor Smith stated that he had sworn ten wit nesses whose story was as follows: On Saturday night previous to the a< killing on Sunday, December-20, Tom t Speights was severely whipped at the plantation of .one of- the defendants. (gi Sunday morning five of the de fendants went to Speights' home, had te him put on his clothes, put him in a r buggy and started toward Fairplay- m The defendants carried three other r negroes along. Before they reached fr Fairplay -they met three negroes in a buggy. They halted the negroes and he took George Gibson, a young negro, m out of his buggy and beat him over di the head with a pistol which they w took from this negro. ga They then proceeded to Fairplay mi with both George Gibson- and Tom tI Speights, where they were joined by ti the sixth defendant. From Pairplay ct they went to -Knox's bridge, where they crossed the river to the Georgia s) side. After reaching the Georgia pc side, the defendants made twq of the w negroes brought along hold 'George cc Gibson and Tom Speights and the tI third negro beat them. Some of the di defendants also beat them. t While this was going on, old Green Gibson and two other negroes came m up with shotguns and asked what fi these negroes had done to 'be whip- s1 ped. The negroes were told to put a down their guns and they would -be cl told what they had done. -The ne- ra groes did not put their. guns down s1 but began to retreat toward the H bridge. They were then. fired upon ai with pistols and returned the shots, lo using shotguns. George Gibson died the next day and Speights some days m later in Georgia. at Green Gibson then came back to- c4 ward Fairplay, was pursued and was In overtaken near the home of a negro, a: Mose Williams, and was shot. He na fell, arose and fired upon his pur- f suers and started to run. He was ce shot and beaten to death. Five of the defendants were pres- sh eat when the negro was killed and be the sixth came up later, having been th wounded at Knox's bridge. One of sh the defendants was wounded -by Gib- su son. a WANT BIGGER GUNS. hi Secretary Garrison Recommends Im- m portant Coast Ordnance. Guns of greater range and power than any that could be arrayed f against them were asked for Ameri- 1i can coast defences in an army boards report submitted by Secretary Garri- S son, and made public Thursday by the House appropriations committee.m The board advised that the old type ~ 12-inch guns and mortars "are not. equal in range and power to major se calibre guns aflor~t." Mr. Garrison recommended the im-b mediate improvement c f some of the coast defences so that the range of t the old 12-inch guns could be increas- ac ed to 20,000 yards, and the board en suggested that wherever it was nec essary to construct new works the o larger guns should be 16-inch wea- I pns. SUBMARINES TO ATTACK. F th Austro-Germnan Squadron to to for rai cri Anglo-French Fleet- Ge An Austrian fleet, according to a to Geneva dispatch sent through Paris Wednesday, consisting of six Austro- Ge German submarines, accompanied by thi several torpedo boats and torpedo exi boat destroyers left Pola. the Aus- rec trian naval base, for the Mediterran- abl ean. bound for the Dardanelles. ac- the cording to the Telegram, which bases its reports hpon what is characterized -An as information received from a re- are iabe source from Trieste by way of [nnsbruck. The fleet is said to have ma ISWERS OUR NOTE REANS. DO NOT WANT TO GIVE UP USE Of MINES -4 CEPT OTHER POINTS rlin -Gives Text of Government's Reply-London Reports Fuller Ac count of American Note-German Reply is in Friendly Tone of Our Protest. In its reply to the American note acerning the German naval war ae the German government agrees at under certain conditions its sub Lrine will halt and investigate mer antmen, and will proceed against ly such vessels as are found to be rrying contraband or are owned in tions hostile to Germany. The reply declared Germany's read ss to accept virtually all of the nerican proposals except the one ilch would restrict the use cf an an ored mines to purely defensive pur ses. The German government ex esses the belief that belligerents a not afford to abandon entirely the e of anchored mines for offensive erations. It is willing to consider e abandonment of floating mines. In case German submarines take tion, after investigr.tion, against archantmen carrying contraband or ined in hostile countries, it is reed that such action will be in ac rdance with the general rules of in rnational law. This presupposes, mwever, the abandonment of the use neutral flags by merchantmen of istile r-ations or the arming of such erchahtmen. If such tactics were aployed, Germany -contends, it )uld be impossible to restrict the ierations of submarines in'this man ir. ie reply also suggests that these ,nstituted in the countries concern t American commissions, tc which pplies of foodstuffs for the use of vilian populations could be consiga L. This plan, it is said, is contem ated in _the American proposals. ie reply als suggasts that :these untries should be allowed to im >rt and control the distribution of her articles, especially fodder, hiich are cn the conditional contra tnd list in the Declaration of Lon mn. Germany states that interfer ice with articles on the absolute ee list in the Declr.ration of London iould be abandoned. "What most impressed us in the merican note was the evident spirit absolute fairness in which the merican government approached be problem, and its desire to pro >se a solution which could be ac pted by bothf sides," said a high of :ial of the German government. "We endeavored in the reply to flow the same rule. The modifica ans we suggested are inspired by te desire to round out and ccmplete e American proposals." "We are sure, for instance, that te American government would have serted the clause ccvering -armed erchantmen, if this subject had oc trred tc- them. The reservetion re trding the offensive use of anchored ines is justified by The Hague con mntlons, which expressly authorize ich procedure; and eten therein it ill be noticed that our note says fly that we can not renounco 'comn etely' tho use of such mines. "The government is convinced that ie American proposals furnish an ~ceptable basis for a practicaLl solu on of the present difficulties and oblemse of the miaritime situation." London reports: A Reuter dis itch from Amsterdam gives the con nts of the American .note of Feb iary 22 to Great Britain and Ger any's reply thereto. 'The notes. were iceivedi in Amsterdam in a dispatch om Berlin. The American note expresses the ape that Great Britain- and Germany .ay, through reciprocal concessions, iscover a basis 'of understandinig hich would tend to free ships en iged in neutral ani peaceful corn .erce from serious diangers to which iey are exposed in passing through te coastal waters of the belligerent >untries. This suggestion, the note says, ionld not be considered as a pro >sal by the American government, hem it does not behoove to propose ndItions for such an agreement, Lough the questjon at issue has a reet and .far reaching interest for le United States. The suggestion is made that Ger any and Great Britain should agree. est, that isolated drifting mines iould be laid by neither party, that ichored mines should be laid ex usively for defence, within gun .nge of' harbors, and that all mines iould tear the mark of the govern ent'of origin and be so construe-ted ito become harmless after breaking 08e from their anchorage. It is suggested, second, that sub aries should not be employed to tack vessels of any nationality, ex pt to carry Out the right of hold g them up and searching them; id, third, that mercantile chips of ~ither of the parties should employ ~utral flags as a war ruse or to con al their identity. Great Britain, it is suggested, ould agree that foodstuffs shall not made absolute contraband and at the British authorities neither all disturb nor..hold up cargoes'of ch goods when addressed to ~encies in Germany, the names of Llch are communicated by the alted States government, for the trpose of receiving such goods and bnding them over to licensed Ger an retailers for further distribution clusively to the German population. Germany, it is contended, should clare her agreement that foodstuffs am the United States or any other utral country shall be addressed to ch agencies. The German reply to the United ates was dispatched Sunday. It begins: "The German govern ant has taken note of the American ggestion with lively interest, and es therein new proof of friendly llings, which are fully reciprocated Germany. The suggestion corre onds also to the German wishes at the naval war should be waged lording to rules which, without bjecting one or the other belliger t powers to one-sided restrictions methods of warfare, would take :o consideration the interests of utrals as well as the laws of hu tuity. "In this sense the German note of bruary 16S already pointed out that Sobservance of the London Decla ion by Germany's enemies would ~ate a Lew situation from which rmany gladly would be prepared draw conclusions. "Starting from this conception, the rman government has- submitted American suggestion to attentive tmination, and believes that it can ognize therein an effectively suit e basis for a practical solution of questions at issue." 3n particular suggestions of the ierican note the following remarks Smade: 'Germany would be prepared toI ke the suggested declaration con-j NOTHING NEW IN WAR WEDNESDAY BRINGS NOTHING OF SIGNIFICANCE. Austro-German Submarine Squadron Said to be on Way to Attack Fleet in Dardanelles. The summary of the war issued by the Associated Press Wednesday fol lows: An Austro-German submarine squadron of six submarines and a number of torpedo boats has left the Austrian naval base at Pola, on the Adriatic, presumably to strike at the Anglo-French fleet at the Dardan elles. Athens dispatches say niie battle ships of the Anglo-French fleet have advanced to the narrowest parts of the Dardanelles, bombarding Turkish fortifications and troops and landing forces which scattered a Turkish gar rison. It is probable, however, that these dispatches refer to operations on Monday, before the attack on the Dardanelles was interrupted by a storm. - Italy continues military prepara tions, having taken up in parliament legislation for increasing the strength of the army. A German correspondent on -the Galician front says the Russians have not won a single. complete success in their effort to regain their lost posi tions on the crest of the Carpathians. Heavy fighting continues in the snow, the Russians making desperate efforts to ward off the danger of an encir cling movement. German opinion, as reflected In the Berlin press, is divided in regard to the American note -to Germany and Great Britain. Some newspapers share the view of the government that the note is an indication of the disinterested friendliness of this country. Other commentators, how ever, suggest that the note was in spired solely by regard for American business interests. A Russian victory of importance in the war with Turkey is announced in a dispatch from Tiflis, trans-Cauca sia. A Russian army advanced from Batum on the Black Sea into Turkish territory to cut off the Turkish army's communication with Constantinople, and isolated large districts of Turk ish territory. The Turkish troops opposed the advance grmy stubborn ly. The Russians had the assistance of warships. Russia's campaign in the north ap parently has developed no new fea tures. Although 'Petrograd states that the Russians are everywhere on the offensive, this movement appar ently is not being pressed with vigar except in a few districts. To-day's report from the German war office says that several attempts of the Rus sians to advance were repelled. Active operations in France still are confined principally to the strip of the front in the Champagne re gion. The French war office an nounces that a long stretch of Ger man first line positions is now under control of the allies, but the Berlin military chiefs repeat the assertion that the French have been repulsed and compelled to retire to their own positions. At one point In the Vos ges, Berlin announces, the Germans made an advance of five miles in the last few days. . The Montenegrin minister at Loa don was advised that an Austrian squadron had bombarded the Monte negrin port of Antivari, inflicting con siderable damage. ing. mines and the construction of an chored mines, and further agrees with the su;;gestion to attach a gov ernment mark to any mines which may be laid. On the other hand, it appears to Germany not to be practi cable for the belligerent powers fully to renounce the employment of an chored mines for offensive purposes. "Second - German submarines would employ force against mercan tile vessels of whatsoever flag- only Insofar as it is required for the pur pose of carrying out the right to hold up and search. If the hostile nation ality of a ship or the presence of con traband were proved, the submarines would proceed according to the gen eral international rules. "Third-As the American note pro vides for the above mentioned re striction in the employment of sub marines, it follows that enemy mer cantile vessels should abstain from the use of neutral flags and other neutral signs. In this connection- it is obvious that hostile mercantile vessels should not be armed and should refrain from offering violent resistance, since such conduct, which is opposed to international law, ren ders it impossible for submarines to proceed in accordance with interna tional law. "Fourth-The regulation of the legitimate importation of food sup plies to Germany, as suggested by the American government, appears in general to be acceptable. This regu lation. of course, would be restricted to importation by sea but, on the other hand it would also include indi rect importation via neutral ports. "Germany would, therefore, be pre pared to make declarations such as are provided for In the American note, so that the employment of im ported food supplies would be guar anteed to be exclusively for the peace ful civil population. ''In this connection, Germany, how ever, must emphasize that the impor tation also of other raw materials for peaceful economic purposes, and in cluding fodder, should be made pos sible. For this purpose the hostile governments would have to allow free passage to Germany of raw ma terials 2nentioned in the free list of the London declaratio'n and to treat in the same manner as foodstuffs those materials contained in the list of conditional contraband." The note concludes: "The Ger man government hopes that the un derstanding suggested by the Ameri can government will regard being paid to the foregoing remarks, be realized and that thereby peaceful neutral shipping and peaceful neutral commerce will not have more to suf fer than is absolutely necessary from the effects of the naval warfare. "Such effects, moreover, would be substantially diminished if, as al ready pointed out in our note of Feb ruary 16, means and ways could be found to exclude the importation of, war material from neutral to bellig erent states on ships of whatsoever flag. "The adoption of a definitive atti tude, of course, must be proposed un til the German government, on the basis of further communication from the American government, is in a position to see what obligations the British government, on its side, Is prepared to assume." Gets War Order. Signo Mohr, a Savannah manufac-c turer, announced that he had closed a contract with a representative of the French government for one hun-f dred thousand pairs of corduroy e trousers to be made in Savannah for the French army. Troops on Dutch Frontier. A Reuter dispatch from Amster- fl dam says in all the Belgian towns I. along the Dutch frontier posters are t displayed calling upon the popula- S ions to prepare..for the billeting of a k IOMB PLOT CHEED OTHAIM PUCE AVERT THREAT ENED REIN Of MtIROR IDMB PLANTER CAUGHT 1an is Pounced Upon by Detectives While in Act of UIghting a Second Bomb in New York Cathedral Many Wealthy Men Were Marked for Death. An attempt to blow up St. Patrick's ,athedral at New Yorb and the arrest >f two men by detectives who had >een informed for months of their ttivities, was followed by announce nent at police headquarters Tuesday hat the arrests had balked an an rchist plot to kill with bombs An Irew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, ohn D. Rockefeller, Jr., and other ealthy men. The anarchists, ao ording to the police, were to inaugu ate in New York city a reign of ter ,or comparable only to the days of he French revolution. It was part of the plot, the police tssert, for gangs of men armed with ifles and revolvers, to appear s1 nultaneously in various parts of the :ity to shoot and to pillage. The big gest banks of New York city were to )e blown up. Many wealthy men ere to 6e slain. The wrecking of :he cathedral was to be the signal for :be opening of the elaborate cam paign of murder and looting. So carefully had the police work ad that the anarchist was even allow. 3d to light the fuse of one of the bombs which he carried into the mathedral. Scarcely had the bomb Ignited when one of a half hundred letectives stationed in and about the ,hurch crushed the -sputtering fuse nder his heel and in another mo ment the plotter was taken into cus tody just as he was about to light the second destructive' instrument. The next move, according to the police, was to place bombs in the ome of Andrew Carnegie, the Rocke fellers and Cornelius Vanderbilt. . So far had the plot jprogressed toward this end that manufacture of the bombs, the police say, already had been started. For months a central offiee detec tive had worked in the inner circle of the anarchists,- according to the police story, and had kept the deteo tve bureau advised of all their plan& This detective, Frink -Baldo, assisted in the manufacture of the bomb with which the attempt was made to blow up the cathedral. The detective ac companied the bomb thrower to the edifice and .sat with him while he lighted the bomb and;hurled It at the altar. Immediately the cathedral, In whioji 800 persons sat at worship be came alive with detectives whpse presence had been unsuspectedby the bomb carrier. Baldo, sitting beside him, placed him under arrest; detee tives sitting in the pew behind dash ed into the aisle and stamped out the sputtering fuse. - There was no panic, for the congregation. hardly realized what had happened when it was al over. At police headquarters the~alleged bomb thrower said he was Frank Abarno, a lithographer, 24 years old. Soon after he was taken to head guarters, detectives acting on Infor mation given them by Baldo, arrest ed Charles- Carbone, an 18-year-old boy, and charged him with complicity in the plot and with helping to make the bomb. When Abarno entered the cathed ral door, his bomb in a package un der his coat and Baldo at his Bide, he walked on to a stage-whose every set ting had been placed there by detec tives. Two scrubwomen on their. knees in the vestibule through which he passed were in reality central of fice detectives. The .white wigged priest who met them at the door and took them to a seat down near the front of the church and close to 'the altar was a sergeant of police. Just behind Aba.rno there entered the' church quite casually two more de tectives, who took seats In the pew behind. Abarno slipped into a pew near the back of the church, placed a bomb under the seat and then started to wards the altar. Entering another pew, he placed his second bomb and applied the lighted cigar to the fuse. Then he started towards the rear of the c~hurch, intending to light the other bomb as he passed. It was at this moment the detectives seized him an'd put out the lighted fuse. Baldo had lived with the alleged anarchists since last December. He had obtained Abarno's complete son fidence and had discussed with him and others, the police assert, the de tails of the plot. From Baldo the police learned that the anarchists' plans were to be developed in separ ate phases by groups of twd and three. men working together. Detectives were assigned to watch these g'roups, and two men from central office were shadowing Carbone when he was ar rested. According to 'Baldo, Abarno plan med to wreck the cathedral a week ago, but had postponed execotion -of he idea at Baldo's suggestion. Abarno's bomb. was made of scrap tron inside a plaster of Paris body. [nspector Egan, of the bureau of com bustibles, said it was the deadliest ie ever had seen. Most of the scrap - ron was round knobs wrenched from -. ron fences in front of tie houses of ew York city's wealthy residents. According to the police the plot was centralized in the group of an Lrhists called the Bresci group, be :ause of the admiration Its members - exprssed for Gateano Bresci, who illed King Humbert In Italy In 1900. At the time of that assassination It was reported that a group of anarch sts In New York and aPterson, N. J., were in the plot. - SPED THROUGH WAR ZONE. Lmercan Liner Make Trip In Night Ablaze With Light. The American liner New York ar Ived in New York Monday from lverpool, after having taken unusn L precautions to make known her Lationality while passing through the var zone declared by Germany round Great Britain. In addition, xtraordnary precautions against nines were observed, to the great ex ent of having the lifeboats ready fo~r mmedate use if necessary. Flying the American flag, the New ork left her dock In Liverpool short y after midnight on February 20. ier lights were all, lighted as she teamed out to sea, and some of the assengers said searchlights played n American flags, which flew from ,most every mast. The ship re naied ablaze with light and with all ags up until safe waters were reach Tribute to Aeronauts A fleet of aeroplanes, many of the iachines driven by noted aviatol's, ew slowly above the cemetery at epine, France, Wednesday during i burial of Lieut. Mouchard and apper Maillard. The two men were illed when their aeroplanes caught