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The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, August 18, 1915, Image 8

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Persistent link: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063760/1915-08-18/ed-1/seq-8/

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FiHTING liOES ON
EASTERN OPERATIONS INDI=
CATE NO OLD1ING UP
PRAGiA AND LONZA FALL
Petrograd Reports Repulse of Ger
man Troops Operating Around
Riga, But Kovno is Facing mme.
diate Attacks-German Armies in
Poland Continue to Gain Ground.
London, Wednesday: There is no
indication that the Germans have
withdrawn or are preparing to with
draw any considerable portion 0f
their forces from the eastern front.
The offensive which led to the fall
of Warsaw has not been relaxed and
the position of the retiring Russians
is still perilous.
Partial dismantling of Vilna pre
paratory to evacuation as i'eported
from Petrograd, is somewhat puzzling
to British commenators, inasmuch as
the.Rusaians assert they have repuls
- ed the German attacks around the
fortress of Kovno, which is sixty
miles northwest of Vilna.
. Except in the region of Riga,
where the Germans evidently have
.been checked, the Germans and Aus
trians still move forward. Their pro
gross is not unhindered, however, for
the Buscovites continue to fight vari
ous rear guard battles..
Lomza, the Russian stronghold on
the Narew, has been captured, the
fortress of Kovno is threatened, and
VIlna, 225 miles northeast of War
-saw, is being evacuated by the civil
Ian population.
- The Teutonic drive eastward and
.aoutheastward to the north of War
'saw, directly east of that city and to
the south on the east. bank of the
Vistula, still is in progress, while in
the. region between the Vistula and
the Bug and along the Vieprz, the
Russians continue to fall back before
the oncoming Teutonic allies.
.-Starting in northwest Russia,
where the fortress of ..Kovno is close
ly pressed, down through Poland to
a point below Warsaw and thence
eastward across tha Vistula and
northeastward between the. Vistula
and the Bug, the Germans and Aus
trians, according to Berlin and Vien
-n'a, are drawing more closely togeth
er the lines which threaten to clear
SPoland entirely, of the Russian
Field Marshal von Hindenberg's
trioops north and northeast of War
w are pressing steadily east and
southeast and a ring of besiegers has
beenformed around the fortress of
~ogeorglevsk, the last stronghold
on the Vistula line remaining in Rus
-4an hands; -Praga, the eastern sub
unh of Warsaw, on which the Musco
ter fell back when they evacuated
thiePolish capital, has been captur
the railroad from Warsaw to
has been crossed between
angorod and .Garwolin, evidently
with the idea of moving on to Lukow.
Farther -eastward, and southeast
between the Vistula and Bug
%dzsling. the Vieprz the. Russians
nr a still faling back, but at some
ints, especially between the Vieprz
si~>'~ad the Bug, they continue their re
-. -tatnWarsa
~~The bag of prisoners a Wra
Swas imanl Berlin declaring that only
a-few thousand were taken.~ Nor has
Stlie number of captured by Archduke
~ Joseph Ferdiniand been large, Vienna
-amsrting merely..that the number of
sien. captured by him -"has been in
eased to-eight thousand.''
- The occupation -of Praga, reported
byg Blin, brings to- a~ dramatic cli
2:ax .the first phase of the drive- at.
'Warsw and Poland. Praga is essen
tialy sapart of the Polish capital with
great railway stations on the roads
'~aPetrograd ad Moscow. Few do
" a have been received of the final
~ s~dat Praga, but indications are
SL atthe Runsian withdrawal became
~ pertiveas the German lines grad
ual ere drawing together.
Wawnow is the apex of a vast
~erV, .th~e arms of which are the
- iver.-Narew- on the north and the
<s- Vstila on the south. The German
Sns- along the rivers are contract
ing as the .armies in the north and
thos In, the south approach each
other. The strip of territory across
which the Russins may withdraw to
asafer positions now Is barely more
than-thirty miles across.
Petrograd reports a German re'
treat in the Baltic region;
"On the roads to Riga Monday
'ight, after hand to hand. fighting,
we succesfully repulsed several Ger
man attacks, although they were sup
ported by powerful heavy artillery.!
"After combats the same night and
the following day in the direction of
-- Dwinsk- in the region of Schoenberg,
- Ponemunck and Vilkomir (northeast
- 'of Kovno, the enemy, yielding to our
pressure, began to fall back, leaving
- in our hands about one hundred pris
.oners, Jnachine guns and ammunition
-chests."
Berlin reports: "On the front in
the district of Kovno the attack was
pushed forward with~ continuous
fighting, nearer the line of fortresses.
D)uring -these engagements we took
about one hundred more Russian
prisoners and four cannon.
-"The troops of the army of Gen.
7Ealcke broke through the line of
fortresses in Lomza Monday after
noon and took Fort No. 4 by storm.
At daybreak Tuesday the, fortified
-.town was occupied. South of Lomza
the high road to -Ostrow was crossed.
- , Ostrow is still being held by the
enemy.
-"Our troops have reached the Bug
from Bojany, west of -Brok, to the
2houth of the river. Since August 7
-twenty-three ofricers and ten thou
-sand men have been taken prisoners
in .this region. East of Warsaw the
army .of Prince Leopold of Bavaria
has advanced to a point near the
Stanislawow-Nowo Minsk road.
"Southeastern theatre: The army
of Gen. von Moyrsch pursuing the
enemy, has reached the district north
and northeast of Gelechow. This
army joined the left wing of the
group of armies of Field Marshal von
-Mackensen, who is advancing from
the south."
Vienna reports: "The enemy who
retreated from the Vistula. front is
being pursued. Austro-tiungarian
and German forces have crossed the
main road from Warsaw to Lublin in
an easterly direction between the
railway from Ivangorod ..t Lukow
and the village of Garwolin. The left
bank of the Vieprz and the right
bank of the Vistula near Ivangorod
having been cleared of the enemy.
Our troops crossed the Vleprz in a
.northeast and northerly direction.
"The battlefields of Lubarto and
Miechow showed traces of the
enemy's flight. The number of pris
oners captured by the army of Arch
duke goseph Ferdinand has been In
crased :to eight thousand.
"Between the Vleprz and the Bug
the battle continues.
* "On the 'Duiester up to Uzeieczko
(near the Bukowina border) our
- troops repulsed the Russians at sev
eral points, capturing sixteen hun
dred men and five machine guns."
-- Berlin reports on the day preced
ing the fall of Lomza: "We also have
made progress against the northern
and western fronts of Lomza. In the
'OTTON IS NOT NEEDED TO
MANUFACTURE EXPLOSIES
London Newspaper Says Three Ger
man Plants are Making Wood
Pulp Base for Explosives
A citizen of a neutral state who has
just made a tour through Germany
and acquired a large amount of in
formation about the industrial and
aconomic conditions of the country.
gives to the London Daily Chronicle
an account of the work of German
chemists in discovering a substitute
for cotton as a basis for high explo
ives. This was found in the shape
of ordinary wood pulp. He says:
"Experiments are still being car
ried on, but sufficient progress has
already been made to enable the sub
stitute to be used freely and success
fully. The great difficulty in the way
of using wood pulp as a substitute
for cotton is the presence of many
Impurities which are not found in
the latter commodity. The most im
portant .of these impurities are resin
and oxycellulose. Unless these are
completely removed the resulting ex
plosives would be uncertain in ac
tion, and -highly dangerous to those
manufacturing them.
"I was not able to discover the
whole secret of the process, but in its
early stages it is the same as that
which Is followed in turning wood
into pulp for the manufacture of
paper. The wood is ground, cooked,
and changed into liquid form. Then
it is cleansed by new processes and
then pressed into sheets. It is then
ready for the nitration process, and
the addition of other necessary chem
icals.
"Germany is under no difficulty
so far as the supply of the raw ma
terial is concerned. At one time she
was dependent upon Scandinavia for
supplies. of wood pulp, but some
years ago she set herself the task of
making her own, .since when she has
become largely 'self-supporting in
this direction.
"Three of the largest factories are
now engaged in turning out the new
basis for explosives, as well as the
seasoned wood required for making
wood pulp. Large reserves of tim
ber have been accumulated from my
own. country and from Russia, so
there is no fear of any shortage.
"I was assured that-if the supply
of raw cotton 'to Germany were en
tirely stopped she might be able to
tide over the difficulties."
SWEDEN WANTS US TO ACT
WITH HER IN CABLE MATTER
In Note Desire of Co-operation is in
timated But Little Chance
for it Exists.
The government of Sweden has re
cently intimated a- desire that- the
United States join in la protest to
Great Britain against interference
wih . cable communications. betwee
the western- hemisphere and conti
nental Europe.
These intimations were not in a
form that required a direct answer
and It is doubtful that such an an
swer will be given. -But Washingtor
feels that the question answers itseli
with the statement that the cables
are owned by the belligerents. It 1
safe to say that-the- American note t<
Great Britain on the subject of the
British blockade will make no refer
ence to interrupted cable communi
cations.'
All cables connecting with north
ern Europe pass through the Britisi
Isles, and it Is understood that theil
ownership is.British. A British cen
sorship of messages pasng ova
them would, therefore, afford nc
ground for an American protest, ex
cept in the unexpected contingenc:
of interference with .American diplo
matic communications. At the out
break of the war, the loop from Elng
land to' Germany was cut, presum
ably by the ~British, and that was re
garded as a legitimate act of war.
For many months the United
States has been in clos3 touch witi
all the other Important neutral pow
es regarding the inconveniences im
posed on neutral commerce by thi
British blockade. Sweden has beer
more earnest than the rest in reprne
seting her displeasure at the Brit
ish course. But even Sweden has
not suggested that the United States
join in any such protest on the gen
eral subject of the blockade. Thi
United States has already protested
on that score, and the disposition o1
the smaller nations seems to be tt
await the .outcome of the Americax
negotiations.'
AIR RAIDS KILL 22
Germans Get 14 and English 8 ox
Monday's Night Attacks.
Berlin reports: "Monday forenoox
from six to eight enemy aeroplanes
attacked Zweibruiecken and Sankt In
gbert, which are outside the military
district. From fifteen to twenty
bombs were dropped on Zweibruec
ken, causing only unimportant mate
rial damage. At s'ankt Ingbert eight
pe-sons were killed and two wound
London reports: An attack by Ger
man airships, which flew over the
English coast Monday night, was an
nounced. The statement says one of
the airships was damaged by British
aeroplanes and was towed into Os
tend.
A revised list of casualties result
ing from the airship raid was given
out by the official press bureau Tues
day evening as follows: -Killed: One
man, nine women and four children.
Wounded: Five men, seven women
and two children.
these operations three officers and
fourteen men were taken prisoners,
while seven machine guns and ani
armored motor car were captured.
South of Lomza the Ostrow-Wyszkow
high road was crossed and the Rus
sians, who in certain places offered
stubborn resistance, were driven off.
"Novogeorgievsk also has been cut
off in the east between the Narew
and Vistula rivers.
"Prega, opposite Warsaw, has been
captured and our troops are advanc
ing farther toward the east.
"In Warsaw a few thousand pris
oners were taken." -
London reports a dispatch from
the - Austrian headquarters:
Operations in the southwestern
angle of the battle front in Poland
eastward of Ivangorod are embarrass
ing the Russian Ivangorod army.
Archduke Joseph Ferdinand's victory
at Lubertow enabled the Austrians
to cut the n&.ural line of retreat from
Ivangorod eastward and throw a
force across the turnpike from Ivan
gorod to Brest-Litovsk.
The Austro-Germans under Gen.
von Woyrsch north of Ivangorod
have broken through the Russian de
fensive lines, leaving the Russians
nly a narrow opening northeastward
through a difficult country of swamp
and scrub fo:sts.
Large Shipment of Gold.
A special train carrying fifty-two
inllon dollars of gold and securities
shipped by the Bank of England from
London, by way of Halifax, N. s., to
NEWS Of THE WAR
SCATTERED ITEMS GATIlERED
ABOUT WORLD CONFLICT
BIG NEWS IN SHORT SPACE
Interesting Pointers About the Signi
can Things Which Oftentimes Es
cape Attention-War Goes on in
Many Fields of Activity-What the
Various Nations are Doing.
The King of Bavaria has appointed
the German Emperor a field Marshal
of the Bavarian army, and the Em
peror has accepted the appointment,
so it is reported from Amsterdam.
The incident is stated to have caused
keen interest in Germany, as it has
been often held that the Emperor
alone had the power to appoint field
marshals. Bavarians have recently
been in favor of their king asserting
his position, because of the promi
nent part Bavarian troops- are play
ing on the battlefield.
Newfoundland has notified the
United States that aliens arriving
there as passengers must carry pass
ports, with photographs attached.
American Red Cross doctors and
nurses will be withdrawn from the
battlefields of Europe on October 1
because of a lack of funds to keep
them there longer, according to a
statement made last week at Wash
ington by Miss Mabel T. Boardman,
chairman of the Red Cross Relief
Commission. It is possible that the
two units in Belgium, where the
greatest need exists, will be con
tinued, but the other fourteen- de
tachments will be recalled on the
date, mentioned, when the American
fund of $1,560,000 will be exhausted.
In -the work of cleaning up Serbia
the Red Cross has used 358,783
pounds of sulphur, 700,000 bichlo
ride tablets, 7,000 gallons of kero
sine oil, 5.600 pounds of formalde
hyde, 12,200 doses of cholera vac
rine, 500 .whitewash brushes, 70
bathtubs, 50 stepladders, ahd -11
automobile trucks.
In order to increase the enlist
ments Canada has lowered the re
cruiting standard. Men 5 feet 2
inches in height may now become
Canadian soldiers. Hitherto the
minimum height has been 5 feet 3
inches. The minimum chest measure
ment is now 33 inches for those' 30
years old or under, the former mini
8
mum having been 33 % inches.
The Austrian government 'has
agreed to spare Italian churches and
monuments in Italian coast' towns
provided the Italians do not use them
for military purposes.
Captain H. A. Tomkinson of the
British Royal Dragoons has been
promoted to the rank of major. He
played No 1 on the polo team, which
took back the International Polc
Cup to England last year from the
United States.
A convention, ceding to Bulgaria
the Turkish portion of the Dedegatch
railway, has been signed in Constan
tinople.
Regret has been expressed by the
British government to the Norwe
gian government because of the vio
-lation of Norwegian territorial waters
by British warships, particularly the
seizure of a German steamer. 'inside
-the' three-mile limit. The note was
cordial and was in reply to a protest
by Norway..
Typhus has practically been wiped
out in Serbia. The Serbian army Is
reported to be in good condition and
probably better equipped than ever
before. It Is mobilized around the
frontiers, rea~dy to move at any point
at any moment.
Marconi, who is a lieutenant o1
engineers in the Italian .army, has
been in London buying war supplies
for his nation. He expresses confi
dence in Italy's ability to defeat Aus
tria, and says that Italy Is well sup
plied with ammunition, her factories
working at high pressure day and
night turning out shells. Italy, he
says, is particularly well equipped
with &..rigibles and aeroplanes.
Several Americans were in Rheims
recently during a heavy bomnbard
ment. The party took refuge in a
cellar for an hour. On reaching
Paris, -they said that on the day they
were in Rheims between 500 and
600 large calibre shells were dropped
on the .city.
The Fr ench government has con
ferred the Military Cross upon Pro
fessor Richard Norton, founder of
the American Volunteer Ambulance
Corps, which Is the chief Red Cross
unit in the. Second French army.
With the decoration the government
sent Professor Norton a letter warm
ly praising the work of the corps.
Premier Asquith has Issued a
printed statement showing that all
casualties in the British army and
navy since the beginning of the war
total 330,995. The total military
Casualties* up to July 18 were 321,
889, and the total navaL casualties
up to July 20 were 9,106. Four
thousand army officers and 499 naval
officers have been -killed. The men
killed in the army total 57,384; In
the navy, 7,430. By war theatres
the total army losses have been: In
France, 11,254 officers and 255,649
men.* at the Dardanelles, 2,144 offi
cers and 47,094 men; in other thea
tres, 415 officers and 5,333 men.
Gabriele d'Annunzio flew over
Trieste a few days ago in the aero
plane of Lient. Miraglia. The lieu
tenant dropped bor- s on the city,
while the poet thi sw down poetic
messages.
Since the outbreak of the war the
Swedish army has been almost dou
bled. It now has a total of 540,000
trained men, 360,000 of which are
troops of the first line, the remainder
being Landsturm. New training
scho 's for non-commissioned officers
ha.- een established since last
Auglus-, in which 60,000 non-corns
have been trained.
* S
Ten more large national munitions
factories are to be established in Eng
land, in addition to the sixteen huge
national plants now in operation, ac
cording to a statement made by
Lloyd-George, minister of munitions.
The Italian government has noti
fied the Pope 'that it has been in-'
formed that Germany has sent to
Pola two airships, with which it is
intended to bombard Rome. The
Pope has ordered art treasures of the
Vatican removed to a place of safety.
Conan Doyle wants the British
troops to wear armor, declaring it
would greatly reduce the casualty
lists. He suggests that each man
PLAN OF_ SAN DiEGO.
(Continued from first page.)
responsible for all the disturbances sai
and emphasized that the troubles had fifl
no connection with Mexican internal
affairs. re1
"Conditions on the border," said on
Mr. Garrison, "have no political sig- thi
ailficance. Lawless people are using thi
this time of excitement to plunder ha
and steal and we are not sure that se
all the lawbreakers are Mexicans. th,
Some of them we know are n6t." wl
Further strengthening of the bor- ba
der forces will take virtually all ur
available regular troops in the coun- an
try. Officials were considering wheth- uE
er it might not become necessary to
use the National Guard should the w]
situation take on more serious pro- on
portions. Te
Reports that politicians on the m
American side were responsible for is
the uprisings arounsed much resent
ment. At San Benito a mass meeting in
of protest was held. On June 4, or
speakers at this meeting -declared the fri
secretary of war had been informed a
that trouble was likely to break on pc
the American side from this source. m
Fifty-one citizens representing all wj
political factions addressed the fol
lowing statement to the Associated ar
Press Thursday night: b3
"Statements attributed by you in ar
to-day's dispatches to the secretary D
of war and Gen. Funston to the ef- pl
fect that conditions of brigandage in m
Cameron and Hidalgo counties are bi
due to any political feud are abso- se
lutely without found'tion. All fac- th
tions here are co-operating as Ameri
can citizens to restore order and ob- er
tain absolute protection for our fam- til
ilies and property." di
The killing Thursdty of three Mex- M
ican outlaws near M reedes, Hidafgo- a,
county, Texas, and the capture of bi
twenty-two of the bandits' saddle -M
horses In the same vicinity, lead to al
the belief that at least one of the fr
gangs -of Mexican raiders has been
scattered.' st
Details of the fighting are -not m
available. Federal and state offi- ti<
cials refuse to discuss the matter fr
further than to announce that threp o]
Moxicans had been killed. Except R
for the fight in Hidalgo county, the n,
situation in the Texas- border coun
ties apparently was quiet.
News which later was confirmed si
says that Texas Rangers in Hidalgo S,
county chased eight Mexicans who A
reached the Mexican side of the Rio fr
Grande. Sitting on the bank of that s(
stream on the Mexican bide, the ban- a3
dits invited the Rangers to cross the 01
river, saying they were the leaders K
sought by America nauthorities. The g,
Rangers withdrew. It is believed the
Mexicans are part of the band which r(
abandoned their horses earlier in the M
day and took to the brush. .1
WILSON SENDS WARSHIP
IN HASTE TO VERA CRUZ ,
n
Report From American Commander
Tells of Urgent Need for .
Plenty of Soldiers. V
s(
American warships LWednesday L
were steaming at full speed for Vera tl
Cruz, presumably under orders from al
President Wilson, to protect foreign E
interests which have been endangered c,
there, and which will ue harmed, it sl
is thought, in anti-foreign outbreaks X
if the United States government in- fn
tervenes. ^ i 8 7.'
Responding to an urgent appeal U
from Commander McNamee, senior t
American naval officer at Vera Cruz d
the battleships Louisiana and New t
Ham'pshire sailed from Newport, R.
I., Tuesday. night as a result of anti-e
foreign demonstrations at the Mexi
-can port. The warships will reinforcea
the fleet of American guinbots in Mex
lca~n waters.d
Officials continued their reticence B
Wednesday concerning the dispatch te
of the warships. It was feared that b'
if It became known in advance that
the war vessels were on their way u
Vera Cruz it might increase the tensi- g
ty of the situation there. 14
President Wilson, in New Hamp- G
shire, was advised of Comamnnder Mc- t:
Namee's report, and several hours b
later a long code dispatch reached the n
navy department from Cornish. Then E
it became known that the ships had h
been Instructed to start immediately a
for Vera Crug. p
It was understood that President t
Wilson himself ordered the warships 5
sent, although no official would ad
mit even that they hWad sailed. Care a
had been taken during the day to 0
point out that any naval or military D
activity now only would be precau- R
tionary to safeguard foreign Interests i
and could not be constructed as con- si
nected with the Pan-American confer- D
ence to be resumed in New York. r
highly tempered steel over the heart, h
and a similar plate over 'the abdo
men.h
* * cl
The Italian govei-nment has decid
ed to make large purchases of meat
and grain In the United States, not0
only for the army, but also for the
civil population, according to reports
from Rome. The purpose of thev
authorities is 'to discourage specula
tion In foodstuffs, which is being ex- b
tensively conducted.
*. g
A committee of "the crusade of al
the women of France," which coin-t
mittee includes many of the most og
prominent women in Paris, has pass- m
ed a resolution condemning the sale ca
of alcoholic beverages In the shops of G
confectioners, tobacconists, and coal ti
merchants, and demanding that the of
sale .of intoxicants be prohibited in 6t
communities where munitions of war
are manufactured. Among the wo- s
men on the committee are Mine.
Poincare, the Duchesse de Rohan,
the Comtesse de Greffulhe, and Mines.
Alphonse Daubet, Emile Zola, Vivi- tl
ani, Augagneur and Deroulede. a
There have been serious riots in ai
Seylon. In suppressing the insur- fc
rections many natives have been kill- Gi
ed and many more thrown into .iail.
In Colombo alone it is stated that th
1,500 persons have been sentenced m
to imprisonment for varying terms. st
* * ci
Because of a revolt of the Senussi cl
tribes, the Italians have been forced pr
to retire from Fezzan and go nearer ca
the coast. The revolt has been fo- he
mented by Turkish and German of- gi
ficers. Fezzan is a territory 400 ar
miles long by 300 wide, bounded by
Tripoli on the north and on all other cE
sides by the Sahara Desert. fr
Squadrons of Austrian cruisers and ~
torpedo boats ha've several times late
ly bombarded points on the Adriatic w
railway, which skirts the sea on the vs
Italian east coast. Stations have ta
been damaged, and locomotives and
cars destroyed. n
Prince Oscar, the fifth son of Em- Sr
peror William. has written a book an
describing a winter battle in the G
Champagne region, in which the ed
French attempted an unsuccessfu'l
assault against the German lines b
near Perthes. The proceeds from the
sale of the work will go to a relief
fund for w'idows and orphans. cal
British Aircraft in Raid. hu
English aeroplanes claim to have ne
destroyed the barracks and eight me
houses and to have bombarded the or
city of Smyrna.
THE URMAN PLANS
(Continued from first page.)
v and Moscow into less t'san one
:h of the original length.
The plan to follow up a Russian
:reat can, therefore, be carried out
a basis entirely different from
it of 1812, and before all, unlike
a French Emperor's adventure, it
s a certain and definite aim-the
verance of the Russian armies from
ir only vital bases of supplies
ille the campaign of'Napoleon was
re of all strategic objects, merely
dertaken to carry French power St
d glory into the capital of the only
conquered rival. -
And so the course of strategy,
iich the German staff will further
. pursue, can not be doubtful. The
utons will cling to their -most for
idable enemy in the east until he
definitely crushed. -
The soundness of this reasoning is
dicated by the magnitude of the P
erations under way on the eastern ti
)nt. For the mere capture of a city a'
campaign so gigantic that its pro- ci
rtions will never be even approxi- sI
ately conceived by the layman M
yuld have never be-zA launched. i
How little the present operations
e generally understood Is evidenced ei
the belief often expressed that an r(
my of millions like that of Grand Ir
ike Nicholas could have been com- h
etely surrounded and that the c
ovements of Generals von Hinden- g
Lrg in the north and von Macken- a
n in the south had co-operated to a
at end and had failed.
However, the objects of the north- fC
n and southern offensives, for the 13
me being at least, are not at all b
rectly co-operative. While von x
ackensen's operations are directed fl
;ainst all Russian troops which are
ised on Kiev and Kharkov, Field c4
arshal von Hindenburg's s.trategy
ms at the Russian armies supplied 1
om Petrograd and Moscow. ti
If this theory is correct, the first 0
ep of the Teutonic general staff x
ust have for its object the separa- nx
n of the Russian northern armies n
on those of the south, then to V
erate against the two groups of
ussian provisioning centred in the g
rth and south separately. $
The only direct railway communi- c
tion between both groups of Rus- $
an armies leads from Kiev over 0
Lrny and Kovel to Brest-Litovsk. o
11 other communications eastward a
om the latter fortress, the most 0
outhern of which runs over Pinsk h
id Gomel at an average distance of
ie hundred miles f-om the Kovel- e
iev road, lead to the bases at Petro- 0
ad and Moscow. 0
The vast country between both g
>ads is swampy and wholly unfit for $
ilitary operations, and' traversed e
1y by 'ene single one-track road, 0
nnecting both main roads between 0
rny and Luninez. A glance at the
meral staff map will show that the b
yssession of Kovel; therefore, virtu- 1
ly separates all communications be- 8
een the Russian armies of the t]
rth and of the south. r
The direction of Field Marshal von $
ackensen's advance will consequent- n
, in all probability, shortly be found P
swing again- eastward and later
)utheastward. The control of the P
ublin-Chelm-Kovel railroad must g
ierefore have been the principal s
[m. of his northward movement. e
ovel, and then Sarny, the last link S
)nnecting the north and the south,
iould now be the object of von d
[ackensen's centre; Luzk and Row- c
a that of his right wing. t]
To the Austrian armies along the i
pper Bug, the Ziota Lipa and Dnies- I
ar, will fall the task to engage and a
tain the Russian forces opposing n
iem, in order to enable von Macken
m to cut them off from the north- 11
ist-from Kiev and Kharkov. The d
eld marshal's left wing will prob- t
bly remain in co-operation with the e
ustrian army northeast of Lublin,
hich, under Archduke Joseph Fer
inand, will continue to drive against
rest-Litovsk. Serious attempts to
Lke this stronghold of the first class
y force will hardly be attempted.
The army of Brest-Litovsk, form- I
ig the extreme left of the battle ~
ont of the Russian .northern arm
is, extending over Bialystock to
rodno, and Kovno, must fall a vic- ~
m to Field Marshal von Hinden- C
urg's operationsi directed from the (
orthwest, from the provinces of 2
:ovno and Courland, where they I
ave now assumed the proportions E
ad agained the significance which I ~
redicted for them .in an article inE
e New York Times as early as May
All movements along the Vistula
ad the 'Narew are now but of sec
dary importance. Their object is ~
Lerely to detain as large a body of I
ussian troops as possible, prevent- I
g them from supporting the Rus
an armies protecting the Vilna- t]
unaburg lap of the railroad to Pet- 1
grad, the capture of which would 7
tomatically seal their fate. c
This, the Russian staff can not o
ave failed to recognize, and it is ti
ard to understand why they have
ung on to the western part of the d
*arew line so long, and, even harder, h
hat could have possibly been the G
bject of dooming a. large garrison 9
capture in Novo-Georgievitch, the te
rategical importance of which had 4
nished with the abandonment of g
rarsaw. .s
The natural course would have I 0
men the abandonment of Novo-Geor- ~
evitch simultaneously with War- ,
Lw, and subseqluently the gradual
andonment of the positions along it
e Narew from its mouth, in co- 12
eration with the gradual retire- p
ent of the armies from the Polish tl
pital. Clinging too long to Novo- ei
eorgievitch and the western part of
Le Narew front may become a source e]
'great regret to the Russian general js
Meanwhile, all hopes for the Rus- a
an armies of the north rest on Key- p
. The road through this fortress a
the best and most direct to reach tU
e Petrograd railroad at Vilna. Fur- 1
Ler northeast, between Wilkomir
id the region west of Dunaburg, the M~
untry is extremely difficult for an tU
ivance. At the same time, Kovno w
rms a menace to the right wing of
neral von Buelow's army. f
E~rom Kovno, in the direction of M
e mouth of the Niemen, if at all, at
ust come the Russian counter: fC
roke. While it would have a fair M
ance of temporarily, at least, ii
ecking the German advance on the la
'incipal Russian "bread line," the tr
pture of the fortress on the other pc
Lnd would doom the campaign of a
eat part of the Russian northern ci
mies. e
If Kovno should fail, Grodno, the of
ntre of the Kovno-Brest-Litovsk ti:
ant, the Brest-Litovsk, would not ei
ye to be forcibly taken by the Ger- he
n troops now pushing forward $!
am the Narew and Bobr region; it w:
:>uld become void of its strategic mn
lue, and would have to be volun-: d<
rily abandoned.- hi
A further Russian retreat would -
.w necessarily converge from all th
ads on Minsk, from where the only
ad of escape leads east toward Ti
iolensk and Moscow. With Vilna th
d Dunaburg in their hands, the ai
rmans would, therefore, undoubt- wl
ly aim at the Minsk-Smolensk line. 19
Thus the campaign will continue to de
a relentless struggle for the four pa
nciple arteries of the Russian fa
hting machine. In which part they fe<
a be intercepted is irrelevant. One is
t. be it effected at Bialystock, or tic
ndreds of miles further northeast, eli
ar Dunaburg, on one road, or it th
y be accomplished at Wilkowiski, qu
miles away at Minsk on the other, Ibe
XPORTS INCREASE
AR CAUSES BI6 LEAP IN MUM C
TIONS FOR WARRING
RABE BALANCE LAKER t
c
ti
atistics Tell You Just How Much
01
Increased Demand There Has Been S1
Created by the War-Gold is Flow- b
ing Into This Country Very Rap
gi
idly.
Large increases in exports of ex- t3
osives, iron and steel manufac
res, automobiles, leather, cotton E
id woolen goods, chemicals, all
asses of metal goods *and in food
uffs are shown by detailed depart- I
ent of coibmerce statistics for May, N
sued last week. . s4
There has been a large increase in e,
:ports of all lines of goods that are 1(
Kquired as war supplies, such as sl
on and steel products, packing
)use stuffs, woolen goods, chemicals, e,
>tton seed oil and cake, all metal
yods except copper, leather goods, u
atomobiles and trucks, cotton, goods,
id refined sugar. h
Some of these articles, as sugar, sl
ir instance, are not classified strict- 0
as war supplies, but are in demand
cause of the shutting off of Ger
an, Austrian, and Russian iupplies b
-om countries like England aid Tur- a
ey that import all the sugar they
)nsume.
Exports of explosives over May, t
914, increased $5,500,000. The to
Ll for last May aggregated $9,00,- b
GO. Exports of explosives for eleven
tonths in 1914 aggregated approxi- c
ately $6,000,000, while for eleven
onths in the fiscal year 1915 the b
tal exceeds $30,000,000.
Iron and steel exports for May ag
regated $26,500,000, an increase of
6,800,000 over May, 1914.; commer
al automobile exports aggregated s
6,600,000, an increase of $6,500,
00; for eleven months this year j
Dmmercial automobile exports
mount to approximately $30,500,
00, as compared with .$1,000,000
)r the previous period.
Refined sugar exports for the
leven months aggregate $23,000,
00, an increase 'of more than $21,
00,000. Flour exports for May ag
regated $9,800,000, an increase of t
5,500,000 over May, 1914. For the a
even months flour aggregated $88,- ,
00,000, as compared with $50,000,
00 in the 1914 period. - C
Leather manufacturers other than
oots and shoes increased over May,
914, $4,900,000; cotton goods, $2,
00,000; brass and manufactures
ereof, $3,600,000; cars and car
iages, $2,300,000; cotton seed oil,
1,400,000; cheese, $1-,800,000; zinc 1
ianufactures, $2,500,000; aero- t
lanes, $200,000.
Slight decreases occurred in ex
orts- of copper, boards, electrical r
oods, agricultural implements, naval 1
tores, timber, tobacco, alcoholic bev- C
rages, earthenware and musical in- a
truments.
The falling off in foreign trade
uring May appears directly in pig. r
opper, which is 15 per cent. less i
an in April; boards and planks, 50
er cent. less; agricultural imple-t
ents, 30 per cent. less; electrical
pparatus, 10 per cent. less, andt
aval stores, 30 per cent. less.
The principal increases, as shown
i rodnd figures, are given in hun
red *housands In the following
ible, the comparison being with thet
iports of May, 1914: -1
ron and steel manufac
tures ...........$265 $19
~ened mineral oils 128 126
lour .. .... ........98 43
~xplosives .. ...... ....80 4
eather .. ..........85 36
otton goode.... ......68 40
ommercial automobiles. 66 1
assenger automobiles ..40 29
~rass .. .. .. .. .. ....41 5
ars and carriages -... 34 11
otton seed oil .. .. ....24 10
Inc manufactures .. . 25
~efned sugar. .. .. .. ..23 2
oots and shoes. .. .. ..21 13
heese. .. ...... .. .....18
~inding twine and other
fibre mainfactures ...18 91
1ll cake and meal ...18 9
~aper.... .. ..~. .. ..17 16
tubber .. .........15 10
'ilm and photo goods ..14 8
ead ..................14~ 2
'araffine and wax . .. 13 4a
The volume of gold coming Into 1
tie country during May was $31,- 1
36,000. In May, 1914, It was $1,- I
55,062. During the past May gold
amne in at New York to the amount
f $13,403,935, and at Ogdemsburg
> the amount of $13,516,803.
The re.ceipts of gold from Canada
uring the eleven months ended with
ay were $62,740,122, and from I
reat Britain in the same period $1,- ~
53,746. Canada's transfer of gold
>this country during May was $14,- ]
94,536, as compared with $1,045,..
17 the same month last year. France '
nt us In May this year $11,500,
00 of gold, having sent us In the
receding ten months of the fiscal
ear but $52,926. . t
Our export of gold to all countries t
1 the eleven months ended with
ay was $631,720. The total Im- t
ort of gold fi om all countrios for 1
ie eleven months of the fiscal year
aded with May was $119,227,015. D
The grand balance of trade for the ~
even months ended with May, 1915, ~
of interest to those who desire to e
ke a broad view of the trade situ- ~
tion. The total exports for the I
eriod named were $2,500,041,924,
compared with $2,207,507,101 for ~
ie eleven months ended with May, f
914.
Imports were down to the end of ~
:ay, 1915, $1,516,475,600. and for t
ie same months the previous year I
ere $1,736,396,207.
The total of exports and Imports b
>r the eleven months ended with -
ay this year was $4,016,516,524. t
id the total of exports and Imports
r the same months ended wIth ~
ay, 1914, was $3,943,903,308, giv- q1
g an increase for this year over
.st -in the grand total of foreign ~
ade, including both exports and Im- t
rts, of $'d,613,216.
While this year exports have in
eased by $292,534,823 In the b
even mouths Imports have fallen 0]
I by $219,921,607. At the same e
me the balance of trade for the b
even months ended with May, 1915, t~
d reached the enormous amount of
183567,3 24. and, as is well known. I'
ith the balance for the following b
onth of June, passed the billion l3
llar mark for the first time In the P
story of the country.
e Russian army.e
It must not be forgotten that the s
~utons have before them no longer t(
e flower of' an excellently trained t~
d equipped army of millions. cc
ich advanced on them in August, cc
14, but an army whose continuous 0
feats and whose loss of the greater gi
*rt of its first line troops can not ai
, in time, to have an adverse al-.
et on its morale; an opponent who 9
sorely in need of officers. muni- 1s
>ns and supplies of all kinds. His uc
mination from the campaign along cl
lines just mentioned Is but a
eston of time. Not before It has
en accomplished will the Germanic to
.a.tm n toth want da
UP'S OFFICERS. INDICTED
FOR DEATHS ON EASTLAND
idcago Grand Jury Charges Man- L
slaughter and Criminal
Carelessness.
Indictments charging manslaugh
r and criminal carelessnezs were
turned in the criminal court at Chi
go Wednesday in connection with
Le Eastland disater.
The captain and engineer and four s
icers of the .St. Joseph-Ch-eago
eamship company, owners of the
)at, are named as follows:
George T. Arnold, president.
Willitm H. Hull, vice-president and
mneral manager.
W. C. Steele, secretary-treasurer
Ray W. Davis, assistant secretary
-easurer.
Harry Pederson, captain of the 0
astland. 0
Joseph M. Erickson, engineer. h
Bonds were fixed at twenty thou- d
md dollars each for officials and n
m thousand dollars each for Pede,*- u
mn and Erickson. The two lastinam- I1
I are charged with criminal care- a
mssness and the officials with man- 3
Laughter. .2
The bill against the officials charg- V
"That they knew the Eastland was 0
nseaworthy and had no stability. a
"That they permitted twenty-five r
undred passengers aboard the ves
al, which is more than its carrying t
apacity. t
"That they were negligent in hir-: t
ig an incompetent engineer, who, 1
ecause of his lack of. skill, was un- t
ble to control the boat properly. I
"That the crew did not number
nough hands to manage and control t
he Eastland properly.
"The ballast tasks were allowed to I
e out of repair and were not filled. t
Against Captain Pederson these r
harges were brought:
"That he permitted- aboard the
oat a larger numbei of passengers
ban she could safely carry.
"That he neglected to warn the 1
assengers to leave the Eastland t
rhen it became apparent to him that t
he was about to overturn.
"That he was negligent in not see- I
g that the ballast tanks werein re
air and were properly filled.
"That he was negligent In not see- 4
g that the chalk-holes -and gang
rays were closed when the ship was
aded."
Counts against.Erickson are simi
ar.
The report of the grand' juryjnde &
hat the disaster was caused by "In- 1
tability under conditions 6f load
mg," and states that the instability
ras due to "one-of three main causes,
t any two of all them," as follows:
The overloading of the vessel with
assengers.
The mishandling of water ballast.
The construction of the vessel.
The report sa-s that Eastland be
an loading passengers without water
allast and belated efforts to fill the
anks failed.
"That- the instability of the boat
ras -not corrected years before; -we
egard as indicating criminal care
essness or incompetency on the part I
f all persons connected with the de- 1
ign, construction, control, operation I
,nd inspection of the boat," says the I
eport. It points out that federal.in
pectors had the right to refuse a per
ait to the boat; but that they are
enerally not trained men and failed'
o make stability tests.
"The handling of tl~e ballast by
heofficers- of the boat- indicates ari
tire lack of understanding of the1
(roper uses of water big.llast and an
absolute disregard of safetyafter re
eated warnings and frequent indica-1
ions of extreme instability," con
inues the report.
The jury recommends that expert
eder1approval be required for the
onstruction of steam vessels, and
onstant inspection arid supervision.1
ILSON IS OVER 2,000,000
VOTES AIJEAI) OF 111S'PARTY
enator Ashurst Says President is
Bound to Win Be-election at
the Elections Next Year.
In his capacity as political field
leutenant and confidential inform-*
int of President Wilson, Senator
lenry F. Ashurst of Arizona has
tartesl at Detroit a fortnight's can
'ass of Michigan, with the declara
ion that it will be "Wilson In 1916,
rid the rest nowhere.' Coming at
he end of a fourteen-thousand-miki
our of the United States, made at
he president's request, and lasting
ince March 1 last, Senator Ashurst's
tatements were' regarded by poflti
ans as significant.
The position of the United States.
Lue to the European war and thsc
roubles in Mexico, have made the
presdent the logical party leader,
ays the- senator. Mr. Ashurst on his
our has talked *with cowboys and I
lankers, lumberjacks and profes
onal men, and, after carefully
reighing and digesting the sentiment
e has found, he declares, that Mr.
ilson is to-day two million votesC
btroge thre his party He says
ha fteewere a presidential ele
[on to-day Mr. Wilson would carry
few York handily, and come closer
a sweeping Michigan than any other
ying Democrat.
"Woodrow Wilson will run - for
resident,'' he said, "because he will
ave no other choice. I measure my
ords when I say that he will be re
lected president without any trouble.
'he people will have no other leader.
twas fortunate for both Woodrow
rilson and for the United States that
e became president at such a time.
rtunate for him because the times
made him- the one great outstanding
gure in civilization to-day, and for
nate for the United States because
e is the one calm, resourceful lead
r whose peculiar abilities enabled
im to steer the country safely
rough the international difficulties t
iat have beset it. t
"From the standpoint of the great U
iass of the people there is but one
uestion, and that relates to the ward
iEurope. The people know they I
ave the one man to lead them safely c
rough. Woodrow Wilson is that ~
"Republican congressmen are in a d
ad way. They denounce Wilson
penly for the sake of their constitu- ~
icies, and they praise him privately, '
acause there is no other thing for e
iem to do.
"The Republicans have but onea
rorn hope. Some of them affect to ti
alieve and many of them do sincere- h
believe tha; there Is one moreh
esident wrapped up in the tariff u
lestion. They' will find their mis- "
ke a sad one. The tariff question is b
itirely subme:-ged in the great is- c
es the war inL Europe has brought
the foreground The solution of i
t tariff question lies In a tariff "
immission, an:1 this idea has many
nverts. We have come to see the PV
-ror in wasting the public wealth by lP
ving over this question to weeks
id weeks of congressional debate. ri
"Neither will the currency ques- al
n detract greatly from the great te
ues involved. Man$ Republicans, l e
tably Senator Weeks, voted for the as
.rrenJqy bill."
The British steamer Jacona, 2,869
ns, was sunk by a submarine Fri
PPEAL TO MEXIIO
EADERS GIVEN RN DAYS TO
REPLY TO THE NOTE,
fANT PEACE CONFERENCE
cretary of State of the United
States and Representatives From
Other Central and South American
Countries Send Communication to
Warring Nations.
The Pan-American appeal to Mexi
3, now being delivered to the chiefs
f factions and governors of states,
as been made public by the state
epartment. Without even an inti
iation of armed intervention, it calls
pon the leaders to meet somewhere
i Mexico on neutralized ground, in
conference "to adopt the first steps
ecessary to the constitutional' re
onstruction of the country" and- to
sate a call for immediate elections.
The services of the United'or any
f the other Pan-American conferees
re offered as intermediaries to ar
ange the meeting.
The appeal, although addressed to
he political and military leaders,
akes the form of an announcement
o the Mexican people themselves.
Ls made public by the department
he document is prefaced by this an
ouncement:
"The Mexican people are Informed.
hat the following communication
as been sent to many 'prominent
iersons in Mexico who . possess au
hority or military power within -the
epublic."
Then follows this appeal, dated-at
ashington, August 11:
"The-undersigned, tho secretary of
tate of the United States, the am
assadors eittaordinary and plenipo
entiary of Brazil, Chile and Argen
ina, and the envoys extraordinary
ad ministers plenipoteitiary of Bo
ivia, Uruguay and Guatemala, ae
redited to the government of the
Inited States of America, acting sev
rally and independently, unanimous
y send to you the following com
nuniation:
"Inspired by the most sincere
spirit of . American fraternity, and
onvinced that they rightly Interpret
he earnest wish of the entire conti
ent, have met informally at the sug
estion of the secretary of state of
he ,Unitod Strtes to consider, the*
ifexican- situation and to- ascertain.
whether their friendly and disinter
sted help could be successfully 'em
loydd to re-establish peace and con
titutional order In our sister repub-'
Ic.
"In the heat of the -frightful strug
le which for so long has steeped in
>lood the Mexican soil, doubtless all
nay well have lost sight of the dis
olving effects of -the strife upon the
nost vital conditions of -the national'
xistence, not only upon the life and
iberty- of the Inhabitants, but upon
he prestige and security of the coun
ry. We can not doubt, however
io one can doubt-that in the pres
mce of a' sympathetic appeal Iromi
heir brothers of America, recalling
o them th-e disastrous effects, ask- -
ng them to save tleir -motherland
rom an abyss-no one can doubt, we
epeat, that the patriotism of the
nen who lead or -aid In any way the
bloody strif4 will' not remain un
noyed; no one can doubt that 4ach
Lnd every one cof them, measuring In
'is own? conscience his share in the
'esponsiblities -of past misfortune
nd looking forward to his share in
:he glory of the pacification and re
onstruction of -the country, will re
pond nobly and resolutely to .this
'riendly appeal and give their best
fforts to .opening the way to some
saving action.
"We, the undersigned, believe that
f the men directing the armed move
nents in Mexico--whcther political
>r military chiefs--should agree .to
neet, either in person or by dele
ates, far fi-om the sound of cannon,
Lnd with no other insnlration save
:he thought of their afflicted land,
;here to exchange ideas and to. deter
nine the fate of their- country from
such action would result in a strong
td unending agreemcnt~ for the cre
Ltion of' a provisional government
vich can adopt the fi'st steps neces
ary to the constitutiogal reconstruc
ion o* the country-and to issfle the
rst and most essential of them all,
h3 immediate call to general elec
ions.
"An adequate place within the
dexican frontiers, which for the par
>ose might be neutralized, should
erve as- the seat of the conference;
nd in .order to bring about a confer
~nce of the natui'e desired, the under
igned will act as intermediaries to
rrang~e the time, place and other de
ails of such conferenc'e if this action
an in any way aid the Mexican pee
"The undersigned expect to reply
o this communication within a rea
nable time, and consider that such'
time would be ten day's after the
ommunication is delivered, subject
o prorogation for cause.
'Robert Lansing. Secretary of State
of the United States.
D. Da. Gama. Ambassador Extraor
dinary and Plenipotentiary of Bra
zil.
'Edo. Saurez-Mujica, Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of Chile. --
R. S. Naon, Ambassador Extraordl
nary and Plenipotentiary of Ar
gentina.
L. Calderon. Envoy Extraordinary .
and Minister Plenipotentiary of
Bolivia.
"Carlos Maria de Pena. Enxoy Ex
traordinary and Minister Plenipo
tentiary of Uruguay.
Joaquin Mendez, Envoy Extraordi
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary
of Guatemala."
The appeal went forward Saturday
3 Carranza and Villa and to more
han a score of other mil~itary and
olitical leaders throughout Mexico.
-s replie-s are asked for within ten
ays after the appeal is received, no
urther meeting of the Pan-Ameri
an conference is nianned until they
ave been received or It may be aD
arent that some of the Mexicans ad
ressed do not propose to reply.
The conferees confidently expect
ithin a reasonable time enough fa
orable replies to warrant them in
rtending their aid to arrange'for the
roosed peace congress. Carranza's
ttitude still is a matter of snecula
on. Although his position thus far
as been regarded as defiant, it is
oped the friendly tone of the appeal
ay lead him to open negotiations
'ith the conferees. It generally is
elieved he will renly by making
>unte:--proposals of some sort.
Should Carranza make no reply
hatever, it is expected the conferees
ill accept the invitation of other
ctions to arrange details for a
ace conference without his partici-.
tion.
In support of a government not -
~presenting all of the factions prob
>y it would become necessary to ex
nd the plans of the Pan-American
nference. An embargo on arms
ainst forces which might oppose
e new government probably would
the first step.
-president Wilson 's now taking up
. .....ian of our nationa1 defensoe.

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