WINTER ADDS NEW PA
With 80 per cent of the Blau
ilton Renews Fight in \
People. Victom
to .Aid
By EARL 4
Robert J. Hamilton has gone tc
Washington again--the lone envoy of
a destitute people.
Hamilton is a Blackfeet Indian and
is president of the Business Council
of the tribe. For 20 years, he has
been fighting the cause of the Black
feet, seeking to obtain satisfaction of
their claims against the government
or endeavoring to get relief from their
destitute circumstances.
A graduate of Carlisle, Hamilton
has been one o fthe most active lead
ers of the Blackfeet. Time and again,
he has appealed to the authorities at
Washington in their behalf. It has
been a long and discouraging fight.
But, spurred on by the suffering
among his people induced by a severe
winter on the reservation, he has
taken up the fight at Washington
again.
Though once a numerous people
and the possessors of a vast territory,
Blackfeet Indians, now crowded back
to a small and unproductive region at
the very foothills of the Rocky Moun
tains, virtually are at the point of
starvation, according to Hamilton.
The Blackfeet Indians claim that the
government owes them for some 30,
000,000 acres of land, taken unjustly
at different times. Yet, they can't
get enough to eat, Hamilton says.
And this in a land where the Indian
once was the sole possessor, and none
contested his right! Certainly time
and the white man have brought
changes to the land of the red man.
"Right now conditions on the res
ervation are deplorable," Mr. Hamil
ton said. "More than 80 per cent of
the full bloods have no employment,
no income and no resources within
their reach. Wholesale starvation is
facing the whole tribe unless action is
taken immediately.
"The severe weather of the winter
and the destitution have made condi
tions for the Indians terrible, and
there seems to be no prospect of re
lief. More than 80 per cent of the
dry-land farmers in the territory sur
rounding the reservation have left
the state, bankrupt. When these men,
who are footloose and able to get
around to help themselves, have rniled
this way what can you expect of a
tribe of Indians whose hands are tied
with red tape and whose property is
held under a guardianship that isn't
always friendly?
"The land where most of the Black
feet Indians live in 5,000 feet above
the sea level. Much of it is rocky,
A UC'
NC
Notice is hereby giv
cash on Thursday, Marc.
disc of Reubin Gordin &
Greeleyville, S. C. This
red Twenty-one D~ollars
ventory and is appraised
Ninety-Seven Cents ($1,
Also on Thursday,
chandise of Reubin Gori
Summerton, S. C. This
H~undred Fifty-Three Il
tory and is appraised al
and Sevenlty-nine cents
Under order of the
bid amounts to the appi
may be had by applying
L. C.IU
THOS TO. INDIAN APPEAL
:kfeet Destitute, Robert Ham
Vashington to Help His
s of Those Named
Them.
HRISTMAS
and fit only for raising cattle. The
seasons are very short and crops can
be iaised only with great difficulty.
Often, there are seven months of
severe, winter weather, and the suf
fering of the Indians during these
winters often is intense. Many of
then have only poor homes as pro
tection from the elements. The ma
jority of the Indians have lost all
their cows and horses, and are abso
lutely without means.
"The Indians have gone hungry,
some of them have starved and al
have suffered fpr the vant of proper
clothing. Even the hot'ses have starv
ed. Many of the Indians have lived
only upon the hay they sold. Indians
have cut hay with old machines which
white people have thrown away. They
have raked the hay with broken rakes,
some without wheels. Some have
raked the hay by hand and hauled it
as much as 35 miles to sell it. It was
very little pay that they got for their
work, but it was the only means they
had. Others have had to sell their
last horses and cows to get food.
"Last year, Mr. F. C. Campbell, the
present superintendent at the reserva
tion, did what he cold to improve the
conditions of the Indians. He made
them farm little gardens and raise a
little wheat, but this was not enough
to last all winter. If the superinten
dent could exercise his own judgment,
he could improve conditions, but he
is bound and tied by the red tape
issued in Washington instructions.
"Right now, the Blackfeet simply
are facing a panic. Though 80 per
cent of these Indians have no income,
nothing had been done in the way of
general relief when I left the reserva
tion a few weeks ago. Commissioner
Burke has promised me that he will
ask for an emergency appropriation,
but whether Congress will accede to
that request, I do not know. That al
ways has been the trouble-to get
Congress to see that Indians can
starve.
"Rations are issued to a limited ex
tent by the government, but to quali
fy for those rations you have to be
old, decrepit, poor, blind, sick, have
no friends or relatives, no place to
sleep, no stock and an absolutely un
productive allotment. Those who
qualfy get flour and meat once in two
weeks, not enough for two (lays.
They receive sugar, coffee, tea, beans,
rice, bacon and other stuff once a
month-about enough for one or two
meals. Sometimes Indians have been
'ION S
~TICE OF SA
en that I will off'er for sale t(
i 2nd., 1922 at 12 o'clock all (
Co., now in their place of bus
stock of goods amounts to (
and Twenty-Nine Cents ($1,
I at One Thousand Two Hunt
215.97).
March 2nd., 1922 at 4 o'clock
lin & Co., now in their place
stock of goods amounts to '
ollars and five cents ($3,753,
L. Two Thousand Eight Hundi
($2,814.79).
Court a private sale will not
aised value. The inventories
to
'EEPLES, Tru
Chark
told that their requests for rations k
would have to be referred to Waship g- h
-ton, and it would be long periods be- r
fore they would get relief.
"The government's handling of the d
affairs of the Blackfeet Indians has h
added immeasurably to their hard- i
ships in many ways. One of the
greatest abuses is that connected with i
the leasing of the lands o fthe In- o
dians. The Blackfeet have lost large i
sums because their interests have not
been properly protected in the making c
of leases for thieir lands. t
"Cattle have been brought into the I
reservation and grazed on lands of a
the Indians without payment. Per- A
sons who feased lands have been al- t
lowed to default on their payments. v
This condition got so bad that on
their paymeits. This condition got
so bad that on November 23, 1921, I
the Business Council of the tribe 0
adopted a resolution canceling all h
leases that were delinquent. These 9
delinquencies amounted to an aggre- I
gate of $59,459.27. . e
"The delinquencies range from one
to three years, although the regula
tions require that these payments
must be made six months in advance.
Every one of these leases has failed, h
and most of them have been foreclos
ed. After the stock, which was good IT
for the lease money, was taken away,
h
the government got busy and tried to
collect the mony. But this was a case
of lockingithe barn after the horse c
wvas stolen. A cattleman obtained a
lease for a large tract of land belong
ing to some 40 Indians. He failed to
pay his rent. The Indians warned the
superintendent then in charge. The
superintendent did nothing, and allow
ed the lessee to take his cattle to k
Canada. Then he said he could do
nothing to collect the money. Yet,
it is the duty of the superintendent to I
"
require a bond to protect the interest n
of the Indians.
"That shows how the Indian has o
been sacrificed to benefit wealthy v
cattlemen.t
"The prevailing rate for grazing o
lands on the reservation has been 10 r
cents an acre, and the prevailing rate I
for agricultural lands 25 cents an fi
acre. Yet outside the reservation ag- e
ricultural lands inferior to those on h
the reservation were being leased t
from $2 to $10 an acre, and grazing v
lands for as much as $3 a head per iF
month. The Business Council has a
sprotested many times to the unfair- iF
ness of this discrimination, but all to
no avail. In some cases, lands under fi
irrigation have been leased at the H
minimum grazing rate of 10 cents, in- f
stead of at the higher rate for farm a
lands.
"lV rs. Amelia Fov, 84 years old, had r
a home on an allotment of 320 acres. p1
She had a four-room house, a barn, tl
running water with irrigation ditches b
and a good timothy field. The- place a
should have rented for $1,200 a year, B
but an Indian Bureau agent leased it u
for $100. This woman is nearly blind b
and cannot read. An interpreter e
came to her and got her to make her ji
mark. She says she was told to make b
her thumb mark on it and she would
get some money. The next thing she n
w
el
t)
A LE!
b
b
LE
k
ln
ti
Ia,
the highest bidder for' p
>f the stock of mnerchan- *
31
iness on Main Street,
01
ine Thousand Six Hund
l21.29) as shown by in- t
11
all of the stock of mer
[hr'ee Thousand Seven
f
b,
05) as shown by inven
-ed and Fourteen Dollars v
t
t
be confirmed unless the i
aind inspection of stocks
t
stee,
~ston, S. c.
new she was .Qrdered out of her
ome. She has no place o' go, 'ad
ow she is living with a niece.
"The Indian Bureau had the nci
ent investigated, but the man we
old responsible for the wrong did the
ivestigating.
"A daughter of another woman was
educed to sign a lease for the lands
f that family, totaling 1,920 acres,
nith improvements, for $132.
"Mrs. Alice Martin was declared a
ompetent person, and was presumed
D be able to conduct her own affairs,
tut officials led her' to believe that
he had to have her property leased.
woman lease clerk who induced her
D lease made it out to her brother
rho was then acquiring a very large
rea of lands on the reservation.
"That shows how the system has
corked.. Though sworn to protect.
f the Indians, agents have worked
and-in-glove with the men who want
ur lands for as little as possible. It
s only fair to say that this happen
d before, the present superintendent
)ok charge of the agency. Mr.
ampbell has tried to help the In
ions, tied though his hands have
een with red tape at Washington.
"Grazing lands of the individual
rdians have been taken for the tribal
erd without compensation. One
tan was putting up hay, when the
erd began destroying his stacks. He
ppealed to the government man in
arge of the herd to drive the cattle
way, and was told he would have to
se the superintendent, 30 miles away.
he Indian drove the cattle away, and
ie government confiscated his hay,
iy that his lease had been taken for
ie tribal herd, although the owner
new nothing of a lease.
"Persons outside the reservation
ave offered to lease our lands for
iore than the regulation rates. One
tan wanted to start a big beet-rais
ig enterprise. Others have offered
pay substantial royalties for coal
r oil leases. But these efforts at de
elopment have not been approved by
ie Indian Bureau. The opening up
f mines and the development of beet
aising would give employment to
irge numbers who are now unable to
nd work. The Indians are restrain
.1 to the reservation, but still they
ave not been allowed to.benctit from
'e resources there. Though without
'ork or means of support, the Indian
expected to stay on the reservation
nd starve or eke out a miserable ex
itence as a pauper."
Besides obtaining emergency relief
>r the members of the trible, Mr.
[amilton hopes to obtain provision
wr restocking the Indians with horses
nd cattle. He hopes also to work
Lit a more helpful plan of agricultu
il assistance to the Indians on the
art of the government. And then
sere is the big thing for which he has
een fighting these many years-rep
rations for the lands which the
lackfeet say were taken from them
njustly. Several times bills have
een before Congress referring these
aims to the Court of Claims for ad
idication, but never has one passed
Dth Houses.
"The Blackfeet nation once was the
ost numerous, most powerful, most
arlike people in the Northwest," Mr.
amilton said. "It owned and oc
ipied a vast territory, now com
rising part of Montana, Idaho, the
akota and part of Canada. Out of
uis, a diminished territory was set
dde by the treaty of 1855. But in
314, the government, by act of Con
ress, took away approximately 26,
)0,000 acres of this territory. More
id more the white men encroached
9 settlement of the country proceed
1. In 1887, the government talkod
to Indians into another treaty, cut
ng the reservation down to a small
territory.
"'tracts of land were taken away
v executive order, and given back
v executive order. Tracts were
ken away and replaced with others.
ame of the land was taken away un
3r an unratified treaty. The result
as that the Blekfeet Indians were
ft with a small reservation up on
ec very slopes of the Rocky Moun
iins, whereas much of the territory
ken awvay from them contains low
niries and fertile valleys.
"Altogether about 30,000,000 acres
land, or approximately a third of
ec state of Montana, was taken un
ustly or through false representa
ons at various times."
Getting Congress to see the justice
Sthis claim may he a hard job. Cur
y Bear, a stalwvart 01(1 chief who ap
earedl at an earlier sesison, snidl:
I'his is tge third time I have been
owvn here on this case, and each
me I go home with a broken-down
eart."
But the Blackf-eet are going to keep
p the fight, according to Mr. H1am
ton.-The Dearborn Independent.
RGES FARMER TO
BESTIR HIMSELF
resident of State Farmers' Union.
Says Time Has Come for Focus
ing Influence un State Senate.
Asks About riTx Measures.
What has become of the puissant
irmer of South Carolina? Has the
oIl weevil so destroyed his spirit
a to create the feeling that all is lost
nd further struggle useless ? If not,
hy is it that no farmers' organiza
on is seen about the state senate
> hold up the hands of the few sea
tors who in their dlesperate fight to
ghten the tax burden of the farmer
re being dIriven to the wall, who see
heir reasonable measures emascu
ited, shells substituted for sub
tance or the bills killed outright?
Vhy is it that the farmer of the
tate can not present as strong and
nbroken front as the lobbyists for
he power companies and allied cor
orate interests who are camping in
hie State House? Why should not a
armor or his representative be on
and to buttonhole and coddle his
elpresentative as well as the power
ompanies or the interests'affected by
ho luxury or the income tax7
If the fair aid just laws proposed
*y those who ninerel ish rasn
CARDUI . H PEW
*AJH STRENGTI
Aabama Lady Was Sick For Thre
Years, Sufferimg Pau, e ervous
and Dr Ms d-Read H*
Owl Stay of Ruioery.
/
Paint Rook, Ala.a-Mrs. C. M. stegal,
of near ehere, recently- related the ol.
lowing ihteisting account of her re.
covery: "I was in a .weakened .con.
dition. I was sick three yeers in bed,
suffering a great deal of pain, .weak,
aerveui, depressed." Z was se weak,
I couI4n't' wal across the floor; just
had to fay an4 my little ones do the
wprk. "' I w is " almost Ode. I tried
ery thiag I heard ot and a numbeuolo
doctors.' Still 1 did t get any relief.
I couldn't eat, and slept poorly. I
belive if I .hadn't heard of and takeS
Cardul I weuli have. dted. I bought
six bottles .after a Aeighbor told me
what it did for her. ,
"I began to eat and sleep, began to
gala sp. strength ast. am new well
and stroag, I haveik't had any trou.
ble since . , . I sure Can testi to the
god .that Cardui dia me. I don't
Vhlk -there - is a better tbnio made
and I believe it saved my life."
Tor ever .40 years, thousands tf we.
men have used. Cardul suooes ,
in the treatment et. many ..pmP5i
ailments.
It you suffer 'as these women did
take CarduL. It may help you, toe.
At all 4ruglsta ll 85
ably to- shift the burde nfor a while
from the farmer are not enacted into
law it will be due in a. large measure
to the failure of the farmers and the
average citizen to rise in their might
and lay siege to the senate as the
"interests" are doing.
Now is the time for the farmer and
the average citizen to shake off'his
lethargy, take an active interest in a
matter that much concerns him and
focus his influence on the exact spot
the senate, that can, if it will, much
relieve him. by J. H. Claffy, Presi
dent State Farmers' Union, in The
Columbia State.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When is the best time to spary
peach trees and with what spray ?
R. P. E. Greenville.
The only spray required for your
peach trees (luring the winter is a
lime-sulphur spray, provided they
have scale. If the peach trees are
green and thrifty, then it will only
be necessary to give the spray for
worms and rot and to give the peach
tree borer treatment in late summer,
Under separate cover we are sending
you Circular 25, which gives a com
plete program for winter and sun
mer sprays.
What is the trouble with the en
closed raspberry twigs?-C. R. B.
Walhalla.
They seem to be affected with an
Speakin
Yc
Have You
Too Much.
Of course no
Put your su
and it will ea
Then in the
will reap the
early thrilt.
This is a bank tha
the people it does
Are you one of tlh
Home Bani
CHARLTON Di
T.M. WELLS,
t ygcppoe. A control mieasure cut
olt land bunt all of the diseased
canes and follow with one or two
early applications oi.ordepx. .after
greiyth. starts..
Please tall me if the enclosed plant.
is good. for the land. or profitable as
a feed for farm animals.--Mrs. R. L.
S.,- Heath Springs.
The plant' Is chick weed, a very
comnion weed which grows through
out the winter. It Jr of no particular
value as chicken feed or .stock feed,
but., can be .used for that purpose
where it occurs. It is neither espec
ially good for the land nor. the op
posite.
Please give remedy for lice on cab
bage.--W. H. H., Beaufort.
You should have no difficulty in.
controlling these by thoroughly
spraying them with nicotine sulphate
as described on Information Card 16,:
sent you under separate cover. The
use of.-Paris green and pyi ox, which
makes a. good combined poison and
fuigicide, would have little or no
effect on plant lice.
Can you suggest remedy for hairy
caterpillar on walnut trees?-J. A.
M., Columbia.
Give the trees a spray of arsenate
of. lead, which Is described in Cir
cular 25 sent you- under separate
cover As to the details.of making
this spray and applying it, call up
J. R. Clark, Chamber of Commerce
Columbia, who is your county -.farm
agent, and he will be glad to be of
service to you.
NOTICE OF DISCHARGE
I will apply to the Judge of Pro
bate for Clarendon County on the 13th
day of March, 1922, at 11 o'clock a.
ip. for. Letters of DIsche rge as Admin
istrator of the Estate' of 'James 'ib,
(son, deceased.
. - J. S. Cottingham,
pd. Administrator..
Jordan, S. C., Feb. 11, 1922.
CYPRESS
SASH
DOORS
BLINDS
MOULDINGS o
AND
MILLWORK
g to
>U!
M~oney ?
t. You need more.
rplus in this bank.
rn more.
decline of life you
rewards of early
Come in today.
at believes inr
,bu~siness with.
em?
& Trust Co.
LIRANT,, President
Cashier..
d