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SKULK AS MILESTONES
MlMnONAL
SUNMSQIOOL
Lesson
fBy V.. O. BELf.FRfl, Director of Cvvnlng
I Hpnrtnient, The Moody Bible Institute,
Chlrngo.)
LESSON FOR JULY 20
a
I Rex Bcacb'f Roaring Western
Comedy
I Going Some
TIE A(EES
A Capital Story by a
Most Popular Author J
J Yoa Cw't Afford to Miss H
fff .j I 0 I T"? " -" Z.1"" "tawM TfCw
fsj?Jssi I Mil ! sr?ydT ' i H Jx
ijT "1 HE village of Hailing, situated on
Lj IJ the banks of the Medway some
I ,our ml,e" aboT Rochester. Eng-
buu. una 1" Ullg 1 11 k IS IAUID
through the discovery of prehis
toric man; henceforth the name
of Hailing will be as full of mean
ing to genealogists and anthropol
ogists as that of Galley Hill or
Tilbury of Neanderthal.
At first sight the finding of a human skeleton
strangely like the human skeleton of the pres
ent day some sis or seven feet below the sur
face does not appear an epoch-making event, but
when the conditions under which It was found
are carefully considered. It Is just this striking
Imllarity to the living type that renders the
Hailing man so interesting and valuable. -An
array of details has been unearthed which assures
the investigators that they have here the remains
of an individual who long preceded the builders
of Stonehenge, a man who dates back at least
to what Is vaguely known as the early neolithic
period, but who more probably lived his strenu
ous lire under the severe conditions obtaining
towards the end of the paleolithic age, warring
with the mammoth the woolly rhinoceros and
other aggressive creatures of the pleistocene.
The famous skull discovered by Mr. Charles
Dawson in the Weald of Sussex last year belongs
to the first chanter nt tha tilatnrv nf tha fntupA-
a -J - - - v - ,
the discovery made recently at Hailing yields
materials for a much later chapter the one giv
ing an account of Englishmen toward the close
of the pleistocene period. Between the Sussex
man and the Hailing man lies an Immensely
long stretch of time the time necessary for carv
ing out the greater part of that wide and deep
hollow between the North and South Downs. In
that time man shed the last of bis anthropoid
Zeatures and assumed bis modern form for the
Hailing man la one of ourselves, and the Sussex
Individual most certainly la not. The Impor
tance of the present discovery is that, until now,
we knew very little of our British predecessors
at the close of the pleistocene period.
The Medway baa played a part In carving out
the Weald of Sussex; It has cut the "bottle-neck"
gorge to the North Downs at Rochester to reach
the valley of the Thames. On Its western bank,
oine four miles above Rochester, stands the
little village of Hailing where the receut discov
ery was made. Between the village and the river
lies a stretch of marshland nearly half a mile
In width, but as the village Is approached the
land rises sharply to form a terrace IS feet above
the level of the river. The terrace extends along
both sides of the valley; It Is composed of strati
, fled brick earths. In thl terrace, between the
marshland by the river and the village of Hailing,
the skeleton was) exposed.
The discovery was due to a fortuuat mis
chance. During an excavation of some depth a
slip of the friable earth occurred, revealing the
greater part of a skeleton lying In situ as shown
tho diagram. This landslip also disclosed
ct of great Importance, namely, that the strata
e were unbrokeu and level as when dopoe-
in the course of many thoussuds of years.
fw can thus be no question ss to the antiquity
of the remains, the un
disturbed condition of the
ground precluding the
idea of burial at a date
later than that In which
they were deposited.
The remains lay In a
stratum of what la geolog
ically known as brick
earth, though It will be
readily inferred that
bricks have nothing to do
with it. It ie but the rain
wash of centuries, the flue
particles being inter
spersed with larger, which suggest pieces of
brick. Overlying this stratum was a layer of
sand with a layer of more recent brick earth
above It, then red loam, and Anally the vegetable
top soil altogether four strata, averaging about
six feet In total thickness.
The top of the stratum In which the remains
were found appears to have been the land surface
of the age tn which the man lived. This is shown
by the fortunate discovery, some 30 yards away,
of the charred and blackened remains of pre
historic fire hearths, fragments of burnt bones
snd wood, worked flints and many animal bones.
The worked flinta have been submitted to expert
examination at the British museum, where the
balance of opinion appears to be in favor of
assigning them to the paleolithic period, or. at
any rate, to the time of transition between that
and the neolithic age, which would place their
age at some 15,000 years. Geological evidence,
however, dates them (till further back, for the
corresponding deposits cn the opposite side of
the Medway have yielded fossils of pleistocene
times, when the hairy mammoth, arctic fax, rein
deer and woolly rhinoceros roamed the land. The
Inference, therefore, Is that we have here a paleo
lithlo encampment, and that the skeleton was
one of the party, who. Judging from the position
of the remains, waa Interred a short distance
below the then surface, while some religious sig
nificance Is suggested by the body being burled
with the bead to the east.
How did the human remains come to lie In
this stratum of brick earth T Dr. Edwards ob
served, from the position of the bones which
remained fast In place, that the skeleton lay on
its back, that all parts of the skeleton wero rep
resented, and that the whole did not oocupy
more than an extent of three feet In length
evidence that the body was In the "contrai-ted"
posture at death. A complete skeleton, much
weathered and fragmentary, and In a contracted
posture, could only be explained by supposing
that It had been buried. The solution of the
problem became apparent later. . At some dis
tance from the site of the skeleton there were
found extensive remains of ancient Are hearths.
These lay Immediately over the stratum con
taining the skeleton, and under the overlying or
fourth stratum. This level represented an. old
land surface, and the skeleton was probably one
of the men who sat round the hearths on tbat
old land surface. Tbat Is the explanation Jt'r.
Cook suggested at a recent meeting of the Royal
Anthropological Institute, when he gave an ac
count of his discoveries. Mr. A. 8. Kennard,
who is our highest authority on the age of val
ley deposit, regards the strata over the Hailing
man aa late pleistocene In date. Mr. Cook de
scribed the Slut Implements found on the old laul
surface, but they belong to a type which was
used by paleolithic aa well as neolithic men.
The remains of the skeleton were forwarded to
Professor Keith of the Itoyal College of Surgeons, .
for expert examination, and, as be explained to
the writer, a close scrutiny revealed the surpris
ing fact that w have her a type of man who,
In every particular brain capacity, conformation
of skull, long oval face, pointed projecting chin.
is practically Identical with people one meets In
the street eveiy day, and this notwithstanding the
great Interval of time that must have elaDsed
and the vastly different conditions of life now pre
vailing. .Jnded, he found that the brain csdec
Hy (some 1,600 cubic centimeters) even exceeds
the present-day average. In this respect the skull
is analogous to that of the Tilbury fossil man
to which Professor Keith is Inclined to assign
an age of 30,000 years, Judging from the position
in wnicn it was found, beneath 31 feet of strata,
He is also of opinion that the Tilbury man and
his Hailing neighbor are members of the same
race, averaging over five feet in height, stronely
built, with well-formed skulls and a striking ab
sence of heavy ridges over the eyes, a race which
Huxley described as the "river-bed" type, from
its apparent haunts. This type Is known to have
lived In paleolithic times, since a skull was lately
discovered in company, with pleistocene fossils
burled In a Derbyshire cave. The later portion
of the paleolithic period is estimated to extend
back from some 25,000 for at least-1 50.000 yeare.
This race of men was Immeasi.Jily superior
In cranial development to the rnCtf represented
by the Piltdown skull, supposing this to be human,
and unquestionably hundreds of thousands of
j ear luierveuea oeiween ine two. In compar
ing me great Drain capacity of the Hailing man
with that of the" neolithic skull discovered near
Walton-on-the-Naxe, which Is estimated to be at
most not more than 4,000 years old. we do not
find the development expected, since the latter
possessed a brain capacity of but 1,260 cubic
centimeters, whereas the skull of the Galley Hill
man. regarded as the oldest British exaniDle (ex
ceptiug the lilt down) yet discovered, has brain
capacity of between 1,350 and 1.400 cubic cent!'
meters, rroiessor Keith, in bis work on "The
Ancient Type of Man," notes that In an average
modern man of the Galley Hill skeleton' stature
one should expect a brain of 1,450 to 1,475 cubic
centimeters (and) there are many men In England
today with smaller brains than the Galley Hill
man." These remarks will apply with still mora
force to the Hailing man. Regarding such primi
tive types aa the Neanderthal, Gibraltar and Pllt
down sluills, their antiquity must be measured
by many hundreds of thousands of years, if w
are to understand that a process of evolution has
developed such high paleolithic tyyes directly
i rum me.se progenitors.
REAL TROUBLE.
First Excited Railroad Official Heard to
news?
Becoua bame Thing Oh. not so bad. Ouly
nve Killed two of "em brakemen.
First But, my heavens, didn't you know that
along with that vaudeville baggage w were
carrying Juugleo, the 1200,000 trained baboon?
me wreck drove him rraay. and the owner's
getting ready to vu the road for bis full value.
Puck.
JUST TO TRY THiM OUT.
"You requlr a serious surgical operation"
"I am not surprised."
"Ah, you knew then by the way you felt that
there was somethlug serious tb matter with
you?"
"No; I expected I would requlr an operation
when I learned that you had purchased a new
set of surgical Instruments."
HT THE PUNISHMENT FIT THE CRIME.
"I e a Texas man has been fined a thousand
dollars and sentenced to two years la the pent
teutiary for whipping an orphan."
"And served him right. Now I bope the law
in m kiivr inese people who feed tbelr
statur (Bv feet four Inches) and general build dreu parsnips iid grapefruit"
MOSES CALLED TO DELIVER
ISRAEL,
LKSfiOM TBTXT-Es. 1:1-14. P.ead th
entire rhnpter.
GOLDEN TBXT "Blnwwd are the pure
In heart for they shall see God." Matt.
1:1
Last week w learned that Moses
had a vision of a great need; In to
day's lesson there Is revealed to
Moses the other half of the leson,
vis.. One who could meet that need;
One wo could supply all tbat was
lacking when Moses made bis first
ill-advised attempt to free his kins
men. Bush and Vole.
I. Th Manner of Moses Cxll.
Hi call came In the midst of his
labor as a shepherd. God does not
set a premium upon idleness and bis
greatest revelation came through two
very common agencies, a bush and a
voice. There were probably many
other such bushes on the back side
of the desert, but this on Is distin
guished by tho presence of Jehovah.
Moses turned aside to see this "great
eight." Why wt it not consumed?
Because it was divinely lighted. Hav
ing secured his attention Jehovah
spk to Moses, called to him out of
the midst of the bush. When men
pause In the faithful discbarge ol
the common tasks of life and consid
er God it will not be long before they
will hear his still, small voice. God's
call is never to th4 idler and Is gen
erally through the common agenclcp
and experiences of life. The time if
ripe for deliverance. God had tested
Mones for forty years. Now Cod Is
ready to reveal himself here upon
Horeb. the mountain of God. Je
hovah's presence Is symbolized by the
fire (see chapter 13:21. 22 and 19:18)
The lowly bush suggests the Incarna
tion. In Jeeus humanity was on fire
with the presence of God, pet was not
consumed.
II. The Purpose of Moses' Call.
This was two-fold: (a) Deliverance
from sorrow, oppression and the task
masters of Egypt (type of sin) vv. 9
10. 17. (b) Deliverance to freedom
a better land, to service, worship and
riches, vr. 8. 12, 21, 22. Moses made
ready response to the voice of God
saying. "Here am 1" (t. 4). He had
not grown cold and cynical during his
shepherd days, but rather was more
keen and teachable. He had, how
ever, another lesson to learn, viz..
the majesty and holiness of God. So
It was he Is halted and commanded
to .remove his shoes (v. 6). The
Christian can draw nigh with bold
ness (Heb. 10:19) but he must re
member to do so with "reverence and
awe" (Heo. iz:zs, z).
God's Answer.
III. Th Credentials That Accom
panied Moses' Call. As has been
suggested, this call came by means ol
two very common agencies, viz., a
bush and a voice. While Moses no
longer depends upon his own strength
yet he lacks that assurance and
those credentials that will justify, it
big own sight, a return to the court
of Pharaoh. "Who am I that I should
go?" God' answer Is, "Certainly 1
will be with thee." Moses need have
no fear, nor need the Christian
(Matt. 28:30). "If God be for us whe
can be against us?" Our commission
which is from God is certain or ulti
mata success. There could be no pos
sibility of failure for Moses Is told
tbat when deliverance Is accomplish
ed "ye shall serve God upon thtf
mountain." Tet Moses Is not set Is
fled for he remembers his previous
experience with bis kinsman (2:13.
14). what shall he say to them? In
answer God gives Moses a nam by
which he shall ba known "I am that
I am," and further he Is to tell them
that he I th "Jehovah, th God ol
their father." God doe not set be
fore Mosea a primrose path to fol
low. He plainly states that Pharaoh
will object and that their dellveranc
will be wrought by a mighty band.
IV. Moses' Response to th Call.
We have seen that this call came
"In" the midst of the common duties
of daily toil; that it was "for" a defi
nite, a specific purpose, deliverance
from and deliverance to; this call
cam "by" God. A God. past, preseut
future. God a person, "I am." God
, power, "I will." but tb call was
to" an agent. God works hi pur
poses through man, "I will 8001
the." This agent bad assurance
proper credentials, and wa promised
power, sufficient aid. Most as this
agent waa a man of (1) humility (v.
11); (2) larktug In knowledge (v.
13); (3) lacking In conftdene (fh
4:1); (4) lacking eloquence (4:10).
V. Th Teaching. W thus have
presented a wonderful revelation of
God. Tb unconsumed bush appealed
to Moses. Filled to fullness with th
flaming Are of God' glory It was
till unconsumed, a suggestion of
what th presence of God means
Ither In a man or among a people.
The visible Is followed by the audi,
bl and there Is brought to our atten
tion the absolute purity of God, th
Infinite power of God. th marvelous
patlsnc of God, th overwhelming
pity of God and th Irresistible pa
tience of God. Such Inflnlt resources
ax at oar disposal
Goimig
Sme
BY REX BEACH
A
Romance
Strenuous
Affection
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s
