EXPLORER WISSMANN.
Many Couthtvr HM Achievement* Second
<?nir to Stnnlcj'a?
Rescbskommis?ar Herman Wissmann
was !>orn in lS.vj nt Frankfurt-on-tho
Odor. From Iiis earliest youth ho had a
?great desire to travel, and dovourod all
tho books he ooula find about foreign
countries. In 1ST!5 ho ontorod tho Gor?
man arm}', but tho lifo of a soldior did
not satisfy him, and ho still dreamed of
travels. A few years lator ho mot Or.
Poggo, and, having hoard from that
colobrated oxploror about tho lands that
remained to bo explored in Contral
Africa, ho offered bis services to tho
Afrikanische Gesellschaft in Ilorlin,
which was then organising an expedition
to Central Africa, lie was promised tho
post of geographer to tho expedition if
ho could get leave of absenco from his
military duties; and, this having been
gTantod he sot out witb Dr. Pogge for
Africa in 18*9. IIo returned to Ger?
many in 11583, and was welcomed as tho
first German who bad over crossed tho
Dark Continent.
Towards the close of tho same year ho
was chosen to lead an expedition at tho
expense of tho King of tho Belgians, tho
object of which was to discover tho
basin of the river Congo. Ho returned
to Africa, and tbero on tho way botweon
Hondo ami MalangO, met his old friend
Dr. Pogge, who bad suffered untold
hardships in the interior, and who was
reduced to a moro skeleton. Dr. Poggo
died in Paulo do Loanda in 1884, to tho
great grief of Captain Wissmann. Tho
two men loved ono another liko brothors,
and had tho same interests. After Dr.
Pogge's death, Captain Wissmann led
tho expedition to the Congo and dis?
covered tho basin of tho rlvor. Put he
broko down in health, and was obliged
to go to Madeira, where ho spent two
months in idleness.
In 1SS7 be returned to Gorman}-, and
in tho following year ho was made Com?
mander of the Sob u tzruppen, or rather
ho received commands to organize an
army of blnek soldiers, in order lo drivo
tho Arabs away from the Gorman colo?
nies on tho cost coast of Africa, lie ar?
rived in Zanzibar in March, 1889, with a
staff of fifty Gorman's, and from thattlmo
till May, 1.800, ho has been engaged in
quieting tho coast and In carrying fear
into tbo boarta of Arab loadora, Boforo
hia arrival tho Arabs said that the Her?
mans wero "wadogo dogo," namely, of
no importanco; but now thoy sown lo
think differently.
0.1 the fifth of lard December, it will
bo romomborod, Major Wissmann re
reived Stanley and Mm In Pasha at Bag
amayo, and it was at tho dinnor which
ho gavo in their honor that Eiuin Pasba
fell out of tho window.
Tim Gormans aro very proud of Major
Wissmann, ami think him only second to
Stanley. Ho has boon made Major and
Roichskominissar by tho Kaiser, and
further honors are said lo bo in store
for hiin. But his health is shattored,
end it will probably bo Borne time be?
fore bn can return to Africa.?Pall Mall
fiasotto. _
EVOLUTION OF DRESS.
Tbo Prenont Dreis or Womnn tho Romulus
of tho Old rtomim To|;n.
Tno dosiro of dress baa lod mon to
look high and low for material. Tbo
Hindoos, though far advanced in many
a! tho arts of civilization, on certain re?
ligious fnstivals tako to the wools and
Cool themselves with loaves. Though
ibark would soom to bo a most unpleas?
ant and undesirable material for cloth?
ing, yot it is used by many wild races,
in tho Polynesian Islands are treos
eallod lace-bark Irons. From thoinsido
bark of this tri o tboy make a very serv?
iceable piece of cloth. Matting is a
efcej. further on in dross. This is tho
?imt> when he had progressed so far as
*0 wnavc fibers together. It is tho be?
ginning of weaving, and is far ahead of
hark eloth, or skirts. The Fljla havo
ebo finest class of matting in tho world,
wbioh is mado from tho new soal and
J?ax. Fonr years of labor aro taken by
Sheso poople in making a singlo war
tfoak.
There aro some races who make fino
feather garments. There aro two
?oather mantels now in tho country?
pne in Now York, the other in Wash?
ington- -mado in tho Sandwich Islands,
which ttro valued at ?1,000 each. By
paeans of an assistant bo showed tho
nodionco how the blanket dovclopod
from a girdle, and how our modern
?ress developed from tho blanket.
{There was a timo when tho toga of tho
Brocks and Hornaus was tho customary
gross. Those wero driven out by tho
?lose-fltting garments of tho North. To
Say the dress of tho women is tho re?
mains of I ho old Roman toga, and men's
Press the survival of tho garmonts of
?be North. Tho dross suit, swallow
feii! coat, of to-day Is the remains of tho
kimi'H when men rodo horseback a great
Peal more than now. Tho tails woro
tmt away in order to facilitate oaso and
yraco in riding, and a piece loft a9 a
terairder of what was. Two buttons
>nd loops woro placed on It so it might
bo hitched up, and those survive until
this day. ?From Frederick Starr's Chau
fcauqua Lecture.
Tho night Man for tho Place.
Tho Prince of Walos, Justin McCarthy
?says In tho "forth Amorican Rovlow, is
Bnderstood 'to bo a great stickler for
eoort etiquette. No ono knows hotter
?be exact w ty In which ovory band und
Order and m?ial should bo worn. Ho is
very particu.ir about good manners in
- ?Princ.es ana Princesses, and I have
?beard that th'i'O is a near connection of
Whis hfenarriago who is often lectured
(*)se verify on tho impropriety of losing
*~?jis ij-ufliper, whon giving directions to
"5^ernbn*s. Tuo Prlnoo is asocialumpiro
^H?f trttc gtmojil authority, and no ond of
rsAiyal disputes aro Bottled satisfac
rig- 4y a ijefejonco^hisgood-naturod
nd**g?5iialj
but fgit?5
trat flfW; counsel." Mr.
fcwy silms up his subjoct by say
^ Jaarn not, mysailQ groat enthusl
oujtgol l^y or royal personages.
ay <?at, (gjjjjig as wo are to
5 t&vePA.^lW-iri <o< th0ptbn>ne, I dflj not
\ ~ ltd 3 ml any*5io bottotijoblo
?> ?S r* 9: 5-?Di,' busine^nS lno PWJ110'1
- Mian o -5 .^l ibco- of Vfales has Bhown
2 ^iWfgath y?ars.'pQ
a i J ??-_?
A-^-?-7 y^rtujo.v Jj isjjoon lnvdniojl,
> iH?<? ? a rj? whioJig^iBuIuci'd]ihj( jHios
3 W... ^^Iciuifiipjoi* "?? visiWii^tfc
LAKE STEAMBOATS.
They Aro Modnl* of Neatness, Comfort
anil Hlvgnncn.
"Thoro Is always room for improve?
ment in tlio stoamsbip business," said
Captain .lohn Singleton.
"Nowadays a passongor steamboat,
to keop up with tho timos. must bo a
floating palace. Tho mero fact that it
makes fast time is not sufficient That
is taken for granted. But tho main
thing now is to cator to tho comfort of
tho passengers in ovory way. Wo must
sorvo a lino table, and havo ovory thing
thereon that tho markot affords in its
season. Tho oxponso of keeping up
that department alone is no small fea?
ture of our hills. Instead of taking
along a stock of provisions, like tho
ocean stoamors, wo buy provisions at
every port, and consequently havo every
thing fresh and palatable. Tho boats
aro providod with tho most approved
stylo of rofrigorators, and meats, etc.,
aro taken from them as fresh as from
tho shop. Tho cooks are good ones and j
got good pay. They havo assistants, of |
course, and on a first-class steamer to?
day you can got a meal as good as at the ,
finest hofol or cafo. The traveling peo?
ple little know what timo, money and
care is spent in kooping up this depart?
ment alone.
"Look at tho boats themselves! Aro
thoy not models of neatness, comfort
and eleganco? Thoir appointments must
be complete and first-classor people will
not patronize them. They know that
if one line doesn't run that kind of
boats another does, and consequently
travel falls olT. Why, look at that now
boat of ours -tho Indiana It eclipses
any thing wo ever owned, and yet we
thought our other boats woro fair
steamers. And so they were, but wo
saw whore improvements could bo made,
where better accommodations could be
given to tho passengers, and so wo built
tho Indiana. Uut it won't bo long boforo
something olso will bo thought of. and j
other boats will appear that will bo bet?
tor yet; and so it goes. Tho groat aim ,
among steamship companies to-day Is
not so much to increase tho speed as to I
havo lino boats; and K is remarkable, j
even in this ago of progress, to noto tho I
results. Steamers aro being mado ro- j
gardloss of e\')"iiso and with a view to I
he little less than floating palaces. And
yot thoy aro not for tho uso of tho rich |
only.
Another feature of tho case is this: |
Tho boat, has to p> on a cortain time .
whothor there aro many or few passon- ?
gors. If there is a big load, well and I
good; but if not, tho expense is not ]
lessened in the least. All tho prepara- ;
lions for a big load have been made, |
and tho company is just that much out. .
There aro thosamo number of mnn to lie
paid. Thoro is tho same amount of
provisions to be paid for, and the cost of
running tho boat, is not lessened in the
least. Thoro aro about sixty men em?
ployed on lirst-class passongcr boats,
and receive salaries all the way from
the 9*3,000 or $2,500 a year paid to tho
captain, to the deck hand who draws his
S20 or !>-"> a month, it is truo that some?
times we take out extra good lists. I.
romombor ono timo last year we had '.too
on ono trip on the City of Racine. Such
a list as that, though, is not an every?
day ocourrenco, although I wish it woro.
"Speaking of boats, did you over know
that Chi Jag o is more of a port than it is
gonnrally credited for? It is said, and
I believe statistics will prove my state?
ment, that thoro aro morn arrivals and
clearances at Chicago in ono year than
at lloston, Now York and Philadelphia
oombinod. That may sound big, but
people havo no idea of the number of
vessels that are arriving and leaving
Chicago."- Chicago News.
THE TOM'S RIVER CRAB.
Ho Was' Without llouht the John I.
Sullivan oT lim Trilip.
Ono day early in tho season I caught a
couple of crabs in tho inlot as speci?
mens, and having put both in tho samo
I bottle f was treated to ono of tho pretti?
est fights yon over saw. Tho hint was
too good to bo lost, and for tho last
throe weeks crab fighting has boon tho
hobby at this quint seaside resort.
Every man, woman, boy and girl, al?
most without oxooptlon, has had his or
hor fighting crab, and tho matches havo
boon numerous and for blood. You can't
put up a job with a crab. Ho goes in
for a knockout, and ho stays until tho
victory is awarded.
It's a funny thing about thoso ditch
crabs. Take two from tho samo colony
and they won't light. Pick upono horo,
and go down the ditch a hundred foot
and pick up a sooond, and they'll fight
at the drop of tho hat Tho contests
take placoon tho board walk or veranda.
Your crab Is carried to tho scono in a
bottle, and before being omptiod out is
shakon up to arouse his dander. Tho
pair are no sooner dumped out than
1 they clinch and tho fun begins. Thoro is
j no let up until one or tho othor turns
j tail. I''or many days a man from Buffalo
had tho John L. of crabs. Ho was no
larger than many others, but he was a
right and loft-handor, and tho way be
did knock all comers out was a caution.
1 saw him win llvo straight matches in
a single day and tho gate money was Sr>
each timo. At length a fellow came up
from Tom's River to make a match. I In
also had a champion crab, and a match
for $25 was soon arrangod. It took place
! on the floor of a pavilion, with a hundred
I spectators present, and most of us backed
our home crab for at leas', half a dollar.
When all woro roatly they worn
dumped out about ten inches apart, and
each squared oir at onco. Thoy were
about of a sizo, ard seemed to hoof the
game spociea, and wo looked forward to
at least fifty rounds. Alas! However,
thoy were yot sparring for an opening
whon oiir Beach Haven crab suddenly
turned tail and ran away. The ? ?'her
pursued him and mauled him ill '<ver
'bo ring, and the ruforeo decided against
us. The Tom's River man cooporod
about S'50 on that brief light, arid two
hours later, when I found him alone on
the sands, I asked him to give it a way.
"For how much*?" he queried.
"Say SV"
"Hand It over. r'ow. thon, jii.1t be?
fore yoil bring your crab to tho t ing Sldo
dampen his claws with turpentine. The
^;i);n>t of it noi onj; jots his mad up, but
sue ^'holl scare-, tho other emu i ol
"gl?'???'S* ?>??.< then and iaj for Bui
HOUSEHOLD BREVITIES.
?Breakfast cocoa may bo usodln cook?
ing in tho placo of cln colato; it givos as I
good results at loss cost
?It is rooommonded to mix stove
blacking with spirits of turpentine, as it
will then tako off tho rust pol sh more
easily and koepglossy longer than whon
wator is used.
?Applo Snow.?Bako six good apples,
tako out tho pulp, and whoa cold boat ,
it thoroughly with tho whites of threo
egga and sugar enough to stiffon a lit?
tle; servo with a boiled custard for a
sauce. ? Boston Budgot
?For tho instantdcstruetlon of roach?
es, stir into a half-pint of hot paste a
dime's worth of phosphorus, adding,
whon cool, a quarter tho hulk of groaso.
This should he placed whom they fro
quent, and they will die while Dating It
? Sp cod Poaches.?Seven pounds of
fruit, ono pint ? f vinegar, three pounds
of sugar, two ounces of cinnamon, one
half ounce cloves. Scald a.l together
and pour over tho fru t. Let stand
twenty-four hours, pour off. scald, and
lot stand another twenty-four hours.
Boil n I together until fruit is tender.
Set away in jars in a cool place.?House?
keeper.
? A Good Breakfast Dish.?Take somo
of the ltcrht bread dough which i? ready
for mold ng into loaves, roll out half an
inch th ck, cut into small squires and
fry to a nico brown in boiling fat liko
dough nuts. Those aro good toeatw.th
moats, also with s rup, or sugar and
cream, as one prefers, ami aro very lit
tlo troublo to make.?Orange Judd
Farmer.
?To Preserve Pineapple. ? Remove
all tho skin and eyes, cut in pieces from
the coro and chop rather fine. Allow
three-qnartors of a pound of sugar to
each pound of pineapple, mix tho sugar
and pineapple well together, and let it
remain ovorn ght In tho morning pour
off the sirup and lot it boil fifteen
minutes: then add tho fruit, and cook
until transparent Put in air-tight jars
and keep in a oool place.?Boston
Herald.
? Coffee is far moro delicious when
made with ergs than it is without. One
egg to a teacupful of ground c 'IT -o is
about tho r.ght proportion for a rich
extract, but less than this can bo easily
used by adding atoaeupfulof cold water
to a wetl-boaion egg and using enough
of this mixture to thoroughly wot the
coffee. Beat an erg well, add two
tnblospoonfuls of cold milk; pour this
mixture into a pint of bo ling milk, let !
scald but not boil. Try this when you i
havo no cream for breakfast coffee.
?Veal "--oup?Wash too knuckle, put 1
it Into a saucepnn with three p.nts of
cold water and a level ttib'ospoonful of
salt. Simmer for ono hour and a half.
Then remove the knufliC.O, cut oil all
the meat and pit it asil-K Restore tho
bones to the kettle. Add to tho broth
two or three sprigs of parsley, quarter
of a toaspoonful of poppet and tho s;nno
of oolery salt Stir either ono roundod
tenspoonful of corns larch or two of Hour
into a cupful of sweet milk, add this
and half a g 11 oT granulated tapioca, or
rice. L' t the soup boil slowly for ono
hour and a half longer, making throa
hours in all. Removo tho bones before
serving ?Good llousrieoping.
I WHERE STYLES ORIGINATE.
i Tlin net! Hrrn no<l^nir< Ar? Vorj- O'tou
<)l>?riir<? Ar tint*.
"Do you know how tho great mod istos
get the r now ideas'.'" sa d a prominent
buyer recently in a t ilk about gowns.
"No? Well, lot me toll you that not
' one-half of tho charming creations at?
tributed to Worth, Rodfern and all the
' rost of thorn havo ever been designed by
those famous fashion leaders. What
. they do is to buy tho ideas of ob.seuro
women who havo no chanco to introduco
them as their own. This is how it is
done: Some small dross maker or mil?
liner who has no money or fashinnablo
trade trios to oko out a liv ng in an out
of-the-way oe.il ty in Paris, perhaps.
She has artistic ideas.
"In fancy sho sees somo exquisit?
creation of s lk and laco that would
grace the beauty of a Cleopatra, but the
queen of hearts does not come her way,
and how from hnr humble storo shall
6he bring into bo ng that vision of hor
mind? Itm iy bo a now dosign for a bat
that comes to hor. but how shall sho
offer it. to tho world? What grando
damn will give an order to tho poor Ltt o
woruer in a back street? Without
money, without a great nnmo among
fnsh onab'o folk, without customers for
such fine things, what can suo do? Th a
sho can do?she can soil her art st:o
dreams to somo one who is ablo to intro?
duce ihntn as styles.
"For hwith she sets out to call upon
Mmo.-, wo will say, whose reputa?
tion is. as you know, wondorful. Tho
unknown art st. nxpl.i as h :r do .s to
the fatuous mod ste; p ?r11a s she shows
some iltt O mo lei 01 hor design con?
trived with tho poor h ts sho could
muster, 'A good idea'muses madamo.
'How beautiful that would look on tho
Prmcess, and in go den crepe how li?o
a dream would any lovely hiondo ap?
pear! Oh. yes; mat is a goo I tdoa'
Madame accepts the design, chooses tho
material of w hich it shall bo ma le, t.io
color, etc,, and givos her order for tho
cost nine, or whatever t may bo. When
it Is in ado it s brourh'. to Mmo -'s
establ sbment whore it is d splayed as
one; of hor now 'creations.' Too real
artist is paid perhaps three ii'> os tho
value of the niak ng and mu-t he con?
tent with that The hou4 ? th ,t brings
it out will probably send aoopyof 'h>
design to ever/ Otiior sioro of conse?
quence u the world, and may mako a
fortune out of th s one stylo.
''Women rave over W irth's dresses as
if all th'itcomns from ids plnce was bet?
ter tbar any th nr o so. Thoy pay
extravngonl ? rlo s for h:s 'ideas,' out
what they of on get s the orent on of
sinne u iknown art st whom th y would
never colldetso nl t> netto \ As for
Worth blmseit, lie has hardly been ln
s do Ins eat thl Ith went for fiftoou yo.irs.
This I k io i t'> bo a fa t for I am well
acqit tinted wlih ail of t iqse i<r s-s and
know ji|St OW the. Initia/e these
things. P ngi . I musi tiav s an ex
coption to h rule, lie iv.>rk?? bar I,
and i" h m's ?* niactloal d s gn??r."
t bioago 1 ? bu.ie.
TO
Laflies, Hisses ani CbUOren of Boanote and Vicinity
For the next teu days we will make a bold attempt to close out female shoe stock. S?
in order to do this we will allow 25 per cent, off 011 Ladies', Misses' and Children's shoes.
The balance of our stock, consisting of clothing, hats and gents' furnishing goods, whick
we will sell at prime cost till entire stock is sold. Call at once to get first choice.
112 Commerce Street.
SPAM,
nov8-ln?
ze3i-a_
Youman's hats, known to all, at Cohn's; Stetsons' soft and stiff, at Cohn's; Silvermau's
stiff and silk, at Cohn's; Melville soft and stiff, at Cohn's, and others too numerous
to mention.
? <?CXZCp' fVjjEiy Vrso' uLa Gj^W rtAii Y-xx3*> m
Double-breasted sack suits at Cohn's; double-breasted frock suits at Cohn's; single
breasted cutaway sacks at Cohn's; single-breasted cutaway frocks at Cohn's; Prince
Alberts and full-dress at Cohn's; short and stout suits for short men at Cohn's; extra
length suits furlong men at Cohn's; extra large suits at Cohn's.
OVERCOATS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Separate pants all sizes and fabrics. Our fall underwear is now on sale. We carry
the American Hosiery Company underwear, besides many other makes. Our neckwear,
hose, handkerchiefs, suspenders, etc., arc far ahead of all, as usual. Our tailoring depa^t
ment is on a boom. Don't wait too long to place your order. Save your time and money
by visiting our mammoth clothing establishment. You can find anything you want, any
price you want, and will certainly have no farther to go.
The Salem avenue clothier, tailor and furnisher, No. 44 Salem
avenue, Roanoke, Va. E. M. Dawson, Manager.
The leading house In Southwest
Virginia for
We are now serving the celebrated
In every style?Fried, Stowed, Broiled
etc.. and we make a bpeciulty of
STEAMED OYSTERS.
In addition, we have the finest
Pool and Billiard Parlor
in the State.
Ladies' and Gents' Dining
Rooms up stairs.
OPEN ALL NIGHT.
Chas. J. Ormsby,
lf Proprietor.
FtJQUA & B0?Z
PRACTICAL
Tinners,
Plumbers,
Gas and
Steam Fitters
Heating by Steam. Hol Wmer or Hot
Air I'urnac-??.
KOOFINfl, riUTTKKIN?, -lolll.NO.
101 .1 P. PI'KU SON >T.
?,..?,,,kk. ???.u No. 5 SALEM AVE.
Kstimatoscheerfully irtve- <>n thin line 1
work iert-1 r>i jnnU-ti
111 First st. s. w., Roanoke, Va.
(Times Building.)
R. I. BOSNIAN, E. D. TUCKER,
President. Secretary.
Agents for improved and unimproved city
and suburban property. Have some special
bargains that can be resold quickly at a good
profit. octiotf
Do yon taw tliat Christmas is nearly tee ?
Have you an overcoat and a new suit of
clothes ?
Isn't your c?*avat, collars and cuffs about
worn out ?
Do you want to make a fine appearance
during the holidays? Call on
J. R. GREENE & co.,
The Jefferson Street Clothiers and Gents'
Furnisher.s
s. s. shaferT
I JEWELER,
- - - FULL STOCK.
REPAIRING PROMPTLY EXECUTED.