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0 LELAND STANFORD An Interesting Talk with the Cal ifornia Senator, BUILDING THi: CUNTItAL PACIFIC. Hts Wonderful Snmv Micd Hie Ciiniullnn J 1'ncHlo nnd American ICn Tlio Sen , ntor Airs Ills Views on llin Itehillmis of tlio lioad with tlio Gen eminent All Hireo Mlnuto Horses '1 ImiouKlihrrdfi. Special Correspondence. "Washington, May 15. I hoard ono of tlio most remarkable stories of American history last night. It was told mo by Sountor Leland Stanford, and it was tbo ,6tory of tbo building of tlio Central Pacific railroad. I called upon Senator Stanford at bis house on Farragnt square, mid wo chatted together In Ids library. Ho Is a tall, striking looking man with a big bead, a rosy face, bluoeyes and brown liah'. Ho is plain In bis ways, and is ready with an answer to any question pro pounded to him on almost any subject. IIo is a man of ideas, and ho is an especi ally interesting talker in tho lino of ro lainlsccnco. Ills wliolo lifo lias been a continuous romance In which bard work nnd success and failuro havo gouo baud in hand. IIo was a young lawyer in a email town in Wisconsin, making about IJl.OOO a year, when the firo which burned up his olllco and library drove him west ward. IIo went, intending to make somo money and go back to Wisconsin to live, hut tho problems of tho Pacific coast threw their arms about him, and ho is grappling 1th them still. IIo was tho first Republican governor of California, and was elected to that position in tho fall of 1801. IIo was a strong friend of President Lincoln, and it was mainly through him that California was saved to tho Union. I asked him as to tbo building of tho Central Pacific railroad. IIo said: "No ono supposed tho road could bo built, and bad wo known tbo difficulties of its construction I doubt whether wo would havo attempted it. Even in Cali fornia no ono outslda of tho company would havo anything to do with it. Wo tried to get subscriptions to tbo stock in San Francisco, but wo could only sell ten shares of if 1,000 oach, and tho man who bought theso shares was a foreigner and a Frenchman. A littlo stock was sub scribed at Sacramento, but subscribers as a rulo thought that they wcro putting their money into u "nolo and they doubted whether they would ever get it out again. Wo had only enough money of our own to complete thirty-one miles of road, and tho road building of today is nothing in comparison. In going over tho Sierra Nevada mountains wo built 150 miles of railroad which cost nioro than tbo build ing of the whole lino between Chicago and tho base of tho Sierras, and for threo winters wo worked on tiio mountains with the snow falliliL' to a dentil of iliirtv- six turn lortv leer., i sioni manv a nnriit in the s'low during those days, and had to brush away tho snow for a placo to lay my blanket. All of our mate rial had to como from tho cast, 17,000 miles by water, and wo had then to haul t . . ... . . .1 i. it.. l un uio iiiniiiiiaiiis uirouirn luo snow. fo givo you homo idea of our work in tho iUU Kegs ot powucr cacn clay, ana tlio snow hlieds on those mountains cost us ibout $2,000,000. Wo bad from 10,000 to SJ.000 men working on tlieso mountains, nl wn had to work under tbo snow. Wn an tunnels into it to get at tho rock to bo xcavated, and wo had domes under tho now, and in these domes tlio masonry ou I'm, nmi T 1 1 rt Einnna v.'imi mvomi trough tho snow drifts. 1 l. , !.l T "Yes," replied Senator Stanford, "it hat theso snow sheds are. They are a i :.. ,i:,.4t nr i 1 ) build somo of them strong enough to lpport snow drifts of from 00 to 100 feet .rn. mid snmn bail in hn bnllr. rurninit tlin ninituin tildes on a slono. so that tho 1 1 -.il.l- A.-- A 1 hich accompany them, might sweep over 10 biruciuro anu not. nun mo trains. von now tlio snow drifts through theso teds and sometimes tills them, and when doos it often takes sixteen locomotives ir a sinio hnow mow in i no worn oi ciear- i , , u .i-b-t till, i . flu v.j mill.-) ui 4i.-., w., l,,l 1, l,.!,. -,,:i lose sheds, and it might havo been better I i..- X- 1 nuvu mum-leu miucr iiiu oieria iuvuuim .low tho snow belt, and I think such a l ...Ml 1! I.-. 1...1.1 Tl .1 TlTim Will hlllllC'LlIIM- 11U UI111L. 1L wmiKi -OU IU UU UUUlll IU11 111UUO iUll UUU WUU1U st about 5,000,000. -.1 ... I.-. -.1 . 1 1 1.1 "It is hard to eonceivo today tho cost of ii--.-.. i i. .. ti.it. . i.. ....... :.- icv, ir. ii i.ii ii:lv iiiiiii .-.iiii ill ritii iit'i mil lur- i i .. r Annn i .. ftiinft i irley and oats, nnd hay cost us $120 per m. Tlio first two locomotives wo used ist us in freight and actual valuo $70, )0, and the first ten engines wo bought ist us $101,000. It cost $2,000 in freight run v liiu in.".- ii-t-iiiuui i vn iiiiiniiii i. nun oni to San Francisco, and our cars wcro ado in tlio east, taken to pieces, brought nded at San Francisco, earriod by boat C" --..,...,!. ..-..1 ..... . .1 o-K-i -.i.iuii , i.iii. iiii;.u jiub mourner. o bad to haul mucli ot our water for . .i r 1 1. .. .. e i . . . 1011 vu I.UUU ui it ngniu ii u .ilium t-iiiry for miles in pipes. Along fi00 miles of o road thero was not a treo tiiat would iko a board, and wo had to carry nearly of our luel. And then wo had a irreat il of troublo with our laborers. At tho it mining excitement they would leave mill at ono time, of 1.100 inon whom transported, 1,000 went oft' to tbo nes and loft only 100. Nearly all of managers were present on tho ground, I wo superintended tho work ourselves." 'When did you first begin tho road?" 'Wo began to coiTslilcr tbo matter In 0. Mr. Judah, C. P. Huntington, Mark. i-n I 1 1..1 .l . 1 1 .rtl f 11.1.1, l.ni-.im-i Intnrnctml til If iro had been talk of it boforo, and In 3 u road to tho Pacific was survoyod by act of congress, but nothing was dono. Wo decided tbnt tho thing was practica ble and wo bad livo surveys mado across tho Sierras to chooso tho best roitto. Wo took tho Dutch Flat routo, ascending tho mountains from tlio west at a riso of nearly 7,000 feet in eighty threo miles. Wo had to go almost !!,000 feet down along tho sides of precipices to descend tho solid walls of grnnlto above Doner lake, and wo thought that when wo completed our road wo would havo a monopoly, and that our only com petitors would bo tbo ox teams and tho steamers. Wo organized our company with a capital of 98,000,000 under the law of tho state of California, and then got tho legislature of Nevada to allow us to build across its desert. This was beforo congress bad anything to do with it, nnd tho first Pacific railroad act was passed In 1802. Tho first work wo did on tho road was at Sacramento, on tho 8th of .Tnim ary, 18C!J, and wo completed It in 180!). Wo received, all told, just $27,000,000 from tho government in bonds, nnd thero is no truth in theso statements as to our getting $100,000,000 and more out of tho treasury. Tho $37,000,000 in bonds wo bad to sell, so that wo got only $20,000, 000 for tliera, and tho road, all told, cost about $11,000,000. Wo were allowed to isstto $20,000,000 in bonds ourselves, mid bow it was possiblo for us to get $100, 000,000 out of tho $10,000,000 wo received is a problem for mathematicians. "And just hero I want to say that it Is impossiblo to estimate tho money tho United States lias saved by this railroad. It has never paid us as high rates for carrying tho mails as It used to pay tho stage lines. Tho government paid Wells, Fargo & Co. $l,7r)0,000 every year for carrying tho malls boforo this road was built. Tho mail in their caso was not to exceed 1,000 pounds. As soon as our rail road was completed we had to construct a special car for mails, and wo carried eighteen tons of mail matter and two messengers. Tho government controls this car, nnd wo often havo to put ono or two extra cars on to carry tho malls. In the time of tho Wells nnd Fargo express tho heavy mail went by Panama, and only tho letter mail was carried by them. Now, wo carry everything, and yet tho government has never paid up to this date quito $1,000,000 a year to both tho Central Pacific and the Union Pacific for this service, whereas, as I have stated, it paid Wells & Fargo $1,7.')0, 000 a year. We havo thrown n number of states and territories open to settlement, and we havo dono an incalculable amount of good to tlio country. It is not truo that wo havo not dono what wo promised. Tlio company has performed all its obliga tions. It lias never mado a cent at tho expense of tbo government or of tho people. Wo had to rush tho builduig through at doublo cost becnuso tho gov ernment wanted the road, and it did not fulfill its obligations to us in surveying tbo land according to its contracts. As to tho lands of tho government, they havo doubled in value. They were worth nothing at tho timo the railroad was built, and thoy nro now worth n great deal. Wo had to build cross roads in nddition to tlio Central Pacific, and wo havo built altogother 0,000 miles of road." "How about other Pacific roads?" "Thev all competo with us, and tho Central Piwifio railroad is todav niainlv n California road. For a timo wo had prac tically tho whole business of tbo country, mid our only competition was tbo steam ship lino by Panama. Now, thero nro the Southern Pacific, tho Atlantic and Pacific, tho Northern Pacific and tho Canadian Pacific. Tlio Canadian Pacific now takes freight in bond from San Francisco and carries it north, and ships it across tlio country to tbo eastern United States cities at less rates than wo can offer ac cording to tho interstato commerce law. A commis&ion of tho government wont last year to Japan, nnd they took tho Canadian Pacific and the Canadian ships. It is truo tho company has grown in lnibi ness, but competition has grown faster than Immiio.v.. All of theso roads have their agents in San Francisco, and you will find tliera soliciting business in com petition with us. "How about tbo Canadian Pacific?" "I don't know whether it will pay or not. They receivo a great deal moro from their government than wo ever did. They got $(.0,000,000 and a big laud grant, and they got it outright. Tho money wo got from tho government was only a loan. Wo had to pay a high interest, and wcro not as well off as most borrowers. When wo undertook to build the Central Pacific tho government practically assured us that wo would havo no competition, and wo understood that it would not aid cither roads to compete with us. Had wo known differently I doubt whether we could liavo put tho road through. It is done, how ever, and tho rails will stay nnd tho trains will run whatever bo tho action of con gress and tlio government in regard tons. I think tho Central Pacific road was well built, and wo run through trains at a uni form rato of twenty miles an hour." I asked Senator Stanford as to his horses which were burned tho other night, but ho did not liko to talk of them, and tho conversation drifted into horses ami horse bleeding generally. "I became interested In thoroughbred horses," saiil ho,"through 111 health. My doctor had ordered a vaca tion for mo, and bad told mo that I must tro away on a tour. 1 could not leave at tho timo, and bo advised mo to drive ns much as possible. f I bought a littlo horso that turned out tobo rcmarkablv fast, and VI was in tho using of it that I iiecamo in terested in the study of tho borso and its ictlons. 1 had tboso instantaneous pho tographs taken of tho lior.o in motion, and I began to buy fust horses and breed thorn. It was a very expensive nmitso tnent at first, but it is now profitable, nnd I think that it is useful as well. Wo nro raising a much linor ela.is of boites in tbo United States now than ever beforo, and I beliovo that by proper breeding wo can doublo the working powers nnd tho stay ing powers of our work horses. I believo tbo thoroughbred makes tbo best work horso ns well as tho best running or trotting horso." "How about fast horses?" "I do not think thero nro any very fast trotters who havo not a trace of thorough, bred olood, nnd I don't beliovo that any horso without such a traco has over mado t lnUo In threo minutes." Fiianu O. CAitruNTErt. AMERICAN SHIPS- Ujinlo Sam's Now Navy Beginning to Tako Form. YOKKTOWN AND VESUVIUS. Tlicy Wcrii !:rrntly Launched at I'lillii dolphin, nnil They Arn Hern Pictured nnd Dcscrlhcd Tim former N 11 (lun buut nnd tho Latter llynnnilto Crtilrr. Tbo United States Is at last In n condi tlon at which patriots can rejoice, and, with tlio recent Inunchlng of six new vessels, It may bo said Unit Undo Sam's reproach fot deficiency In naval armament Is beginning to disappear. Tho four now cruisers Dolphin, At lanta, IJoston and Chicago built under tho contracts with tbo lato John Poach, aro now upon tlio sea. and on April 29, at tho ship yard of Cramp & Sons, Philadel phia, wore launched tlio gunboat Yorktown Tint vksuvius and that striking novelty in naval work, tho dynamito cruiser Vesuvius. As this last, if a success, will greatly revolution ize naval warfare, a full description is of Interest. Tlio Vesuvius is an unarmorcd ship, with maeliinerv below tlio water lino, 210 feet lung with a Unlfo blade bow and stern and a body llko a thick cigar. It Is but 20 feet wide and 1-1 feet deep, with a mean draught of 1) feet Tlio sides aro crowned with a very light railing of gal vanized iron, which gives it tho appear nnco of a pleasure boat, and it is designed not to stand nnd tako shot, but to firo and run away Indeed, in certain contin gencies, it must bo guarded by an iron clad, behind which it can tako refugo till ready to bring its guns to bear. Still moro novel Is tbo arrangement by which tho threo dynamito guns aro fastened in tbo bow. and cannot bo turned; so tho vessel Itself must bo pointed at tho object to take aim The dynamite guns look liko immenso reflecting telescopes, being 05 feet long, and projecting far out from tho forecastlo dock Tbo breeches aro firmly fastened to tho bottom of tho vessel, and around tbein nro thirty-six pipes, each 25 feet long and 10 inches in diameter, into which the compressed air is forced to chargo tho guns The compressor brings this air to a pres-.uro of 2.000 pounds to tho square Incli. and by Its forco tbo dynamito shells, weighing COO pounds, can bo sent two miles As tho vessel's engines can givo it a speed of twenty miles an hour its I.SUNCIl Of Till! YOUKTOWN. sbapo being calculated for speed It b plain that tho destroyer can "shoot and run," liko tlio militia captain of tho old story Tho engines aro toward tho storn, triplo expansion machines developing 3,!!00 horse power, to both run tho vessel and compress tho air. Tlio gnus nro tho kind invented by Lieut Zalinski, of tlio navy, recently tested with great success; and ono of them can throw a 000 pound projoctilo. Tho vessel contains npartmcnts for its complement of officers nnd men. and tbo designers aro confident it will provo indeed tbo "Destroyer of tho Sens." Along with tlio dynamito cruiser was launclied tho Yorktown, or Gunboat No. 1, as slio was first caHcd a steel cruiser sf 1.700 tons displacement, length bo :ween perpendiculars 230 feet, draught 1!5 feet forward and 15 foot nft, and breadth Jill feet. Sho has a poop and top gallant forecastlo, with open deck bo tween Her engines aro triplo expansion, of 2,200 horso power with natural draught and 3,f!00 with forced draught, giving n bpced of seventeen knots per hour Tbo engines nro in separate water tight compartments, and tho coal is in bunkers nround them to givo protection. Tlio machinery, magazines and steering gear aro covered by it thrco-cigbths inch water tight steel deck, which is in tlio form a turtle back, curving down nt tho Ides and at tho bow and stern, whilo tho :rown of it Is but llttlu abovo tbo water lino Abovo and below this deck aro water tight bulkheads, dividing tlio ship Into many water tight compartments, nil of which can bo drained by tho powerful pumps and ventilated by tho blowers An armored tower stands on tho forecastlo deck, protected by 2-inch bteel plates and provided with speaking tubes nnd telegraphs by which tho cap- ni:w iiiimsn Toiirinio iioat. tain can communleato with tlio engineers, and men at tho guns uud control tbo whole thing In battlo. Tho Yorktown carries 400 tons of coal, enough to sail from 2,500 to 10.000 miles, according to tbo into of tpood desired, as it is a principle of steam N. 2 . i" ' . A . 1 " '1 ,D making for speed abovo eight knots per hour, each added knot requires moro coat than any preceding. Whiles tho United States navy Is employ lug Its constructive talents on destructlvo gunboats, (Irent Britain Is devoting her naval energies just at present to tlio per fcctlng of torpedoes uhd torpedo boats There aro fifty such boats in tbo Hrltlsh navy; but tbo admiralty a year ago pro noiinced them unsafe, tuicomfortablo nnd of littlo or no tiso In n rough sea, and In vitcd proposals for a new class free from tho existing defects Tho result has been a boat of novel designs constructed by Messrs Yarrow & Co Their first boat was lately exhibited In tlio Thames, and Is officially declared a success. It is CO feet long, 8 feet nnd 0 Indies In beam, and tan mnko seventeen knots an hour with its full load Tho rapidity nnd easo with which tlio boat Is turned. Its capacity for tlio roughest sea and tlio easo with which It is steered, fill tho ndtuiralty's want. Tlio machinery consists of n locomotlvo boiler nnd trlplo expansion engines all protected, ns Is tho steering apparatus. A revolving torpedo gun is fixed aft, from which a torpedo can bo ejected at an nnglo whilo tlio boat is going nt full speed, a great improvement on tlio firing from tbo bow, by which tho speed of tho boat was suddenly checked, greatly increasing tho liability to bo bit by tlio enemy's guns A small Nordenfeldt gun is also mounted, so that tho craft can bo made, to that ex tent, n quick firing gunboat if tho ncccs sity uriso Tho admiralty aro so pleased with tbo new design that they will super scdo with it all tbo old torpedo boats, nnd, of course, oilier nations must follow suit. And by tbo timo wo get well supplied all around with torpedoes, torpedo boats, dynamiters, and other gunboats, wo may reasonably expect that somo genius will Invent something that will render all theso useless, and then wo shall all begin again at tbo beginning Hut tbo great point to tho United States is that theso new gunboats can range tbo ocean nnd do stroy merchant ships eo easily that any commercial nation will think long beforo going to war with tbo great Ucpublic. THE NEW CHIEF JUSTICE. MclvlIlD W. l'ntlcr Nominated hy I'rosl- ilcnt Cleveland. President Cleveland has named a sue cessor to tho late Chief Jttstico Waito, of tho United States supremo court. Melville Weston Fuller, of Chicago, the nominee, is a man of 55, nnd was born In Augusta, Mo. His father was Frederick A. Fuller, his mother Cathcrino Martin, daughter of C li I o f Justico Nathan Weston. Melvillo W. was graduated at Bow cloin in tho class of 1S53. K. J. Phelps, minister to England, being a classmato. Mr Fuller began tbo study of law in tho office of his uncle, George mki.vh.i.e w. kui.i.ciu Melvillo Weston, at Ilangor. After at tending lectures in tbo law department of Harvard university ho began tlio practice of ins profession in Augusta in lboG Whilo waiting for clients ho acted as editor of Tho Ago. Somo timo later ho went to Chicago, and thero bo soon had n lucrativo practice. In 1801 he was elected a moniber of tho stato constitutional con ventiou In 1802 bo was chosen to tbo Illinois legislature, and, although n Demo crat, running each timo in n strong Re publican district, ho was victorious by largo majorities. IIo was a delegate to tbo Democratic national conventions of 1SG-1, 1872, 1S70, and 1880. In 18C0 bo was selected by tlio citizens to deliver tho address of welcome to Stephen A. Douglas, of whom ho was an ardent admirer. 1 hfnMiphihtft at Chimin. Tiio Theosophists of America havo re cently held a convention in Chicago, nnd wo hero present group portraits of somo of tho more prominent delegates thereto. n. s. oixorr. ritOl'. ELLIOTT COUIii. WILLIAM Q. JUDan. niKTZ. IlLAVATSKY Tlio society was founded in Now York, in 1875, by Mmo. Illnvatsky, with the co operation of Col II. S. Oieott. Mmo. lilnvatsky is nownt tho head of tho branch of the Theosophical society, which sho es tablished in liondon. Sho has been suc ceeded in America by Professor Flllott Cones, who is president of tlio society. Among tlio early members of tlio group of which tho society was originally com posed was l.inda Dictz, tho actress. Slid was at that Union favorite witli tho public, anil was playing at tho Union Squaro theatre Sho has since retired from tho stago, and lias disappeared from public viow. Then there was Mr. W. Q. Judgo, a natlvo of thu Kmerald Islo, who Is now tho secretary of the society Ho lias had charge of Mmo. l!lavatsky!s business affairs for many years. All tbo brandies of the society were represented, twenty two in number, at t ho Chicago convention. It nptourcd Irom tlio iceords that thero are now in tbo United States about 000 enrolled members, and boveral thousands hccrotly ufllliaU'd. Tlio most progressive ofUclal in China Is undoubtedly tho governor of Formosa. On Chinese New Year's day his "Ynmen'' in Taipak-fu was illuminated by tho elec tric light, and it is Ills intention to havo the wliolo city lighted by electricity as toon as it may bo possiblo. New York World. THIS IS fix Inches Two Inches Tnick. 480 3?A.GH2fl WE ARE GIVING AWAY TO ALL SUBSCRIBERS OF THE WEEKLY OLD AS WELL AS NEW. The Price of these books in all Book Stores is $3 The price of the Wetkly Free Press is $i. We give both for $2. The -:- Best -: Premium -:- Offered ! By any Paper in THE MOST PRACTICAL ! Everybody Should Have a Copy of "Our Family Physician," NEW EDITION. Tills two contains 80 pairo ; Is Plrtt and two IncLe- thick It 1M- Inlecl on cxiru neinj lui'ti, - biiEetii cover nnd gilt-lettered buck. It is Different Irom all other Works ot tho kind over Published t?tii5T it Trnrhes Those Who Have It How to tell tvhattbo Matter U wjicn r. Person pet n Pick AU ilmllnr bookell what tro do it wnt know what tho ilbei u. ThU book toll yoi how it uticclt the dhcatc, nnd then what to do for it. No other hook I'uimsncu iiuch hum PP.rflNT). When a person la really atmcked by n danueraut dltmit, it enable you to leiVdi calei lti advice U: "S.',id tor a competent phy-ichin iiit onco." ' i, ii,. (.ml m.Kinf tho nl mmiM of a family tlin tnct. illld 111 Hut In all ordinary cuk-p. such Jells ou f whcil I it is nc'cifcYary. and when no' No other book Published docs this. THinn -In Its directions for treatment it Is not conlnod toilio practice tmi r "nJ: .J.oi'nl ?s Lin .ns- but it n vis'cuaintcy, and loreaeh disease, the methods usd bV rich of the different "Vchools" "t medicine ; nuil In ail c i tea the prescriptions are made . .r ?m)rt Vmi t.nt rren in their respective modes ot practice. This makes the work sueotall lulled ft tK'uccds ot Vi matter what School" of medicine they p.efer. No other book Published does tliix. Ilcsldcs this there nro three chantors In tha work vlilch r,j worthy of sniMai mrjition " "'This clmpter Hlono 1. worth manv times the cost of th J book to every mother, even If dually well written and valu.b.o. EeaJ the Follo Moments of Bistiopistiei Physicians : purtment. professor of Theory nnd Pract.ou Hahnemann Medical College. i t,..i.v f.,.rtlfv thnt I havo examined a work entitled "Our I'nmllv PhyMeiiiM," nnd tlnd it to' be eorrccUn Us Unffiifu. in my opinion, worthy ot the IANnI'm 0?U ' t w ommlnml the advance flicetf of Our Family Physician." Itmiyesm" pleasure-to rcc0,en.n tont o " '" wldo circulation. Trofcfsor In huructt's Medical College, Chicago. After cnminlmftlie publication. "Our 1-amlly Physicians," can , fully indorse the n l e book contains a t aluable chnpter of fymptems. which will aid wonderfully in dluitnos. in,r mJa?mi" tlic T proper rumdics are given tor Allopathic. Homeopathic, l.electlc. Hydropathic and Herbal treatments. Every family should have a guide to health to assist the family doctor. It is not intended to take the place of a doctor in every instance, but help you to do every thing possible in his absence. 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