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The Legei ('(ipj-rlghl, 1U15, by 'i he lntcr!"i'lonnl Symllrnte. Curious Traditions of the Patron Saint of Ireland - His Work. 1 VICHY country or any ago or Imagination has Ha legends, some to Illustrate the mys terious power ot mythical per sonages or to nerpetuate In thli way Ireland, where, according to his own 1 writings, he was given to a Chief of I Northwestern Connaught, where he served a master whoso name was Mil- luce Herding pigs was his particular reverence for prominent historical task, and whllo he was thus engaged figures whose real Hfo Is nearly Inst ( he spent much of his tlmo In prayer. In the twilight zono between fable Ho longed and ho hoped that ho might and faej, but Ireland holds a unique , return to his native land. At this ' position In her legendary history. The j point one of the Irish legends bobsiseml '" fod In your path this d nd orST.EkrracK MMESHillaaaaaaaaaaMNIiaHiHMMMMMMMMMMMMSKMMMKIJ4 IZYIT i' ' T s : . '-,." WJ lllilHM MH jjf 1 f I Ml Basil tlPF HIP' I Mill -set rt f A legends concerning St. Patrick, the 'up and relates how he had a dream patron saint of Ireland, are splendid , in which ho heard a voice saying to examples of the stories of the country, him "Thou dost well to fast thou that have been handed clown from fa-shall soon return to thy native land." ther to son for centuries. Of course, j On another night tho voice said nobody doubts that the good St. Pat-, "Behold, thy ship is ready!" Patrick rick lived and that he brought Chris-1 at once began fasting and a few dnys tianlty Into Ireland early In the fifth , later he ran away from his master's century, or that he did accomplish i home at tho peril of his llfo and marvoloim things, but even the most travelled on foot ono hundred and "tiperstltlons person will listen with a. j eighty miles to where a foreign ship ' grain of salt to some of tho legends , lay in port. But a now obstacle arose which the Irish believe to bo facts, i for he know no man on tho ship and Rom a nonian Citizen. ' wn without money. 7 f nrnvort tn a n trnilcra' nhln n v Ct I'atrlnl.- Oin mnn who wns rips-i v... Mned to play such an Important part 'n the Christianizing of Ireland, was born In the year 387 A. t. His fa ther, Calpurnls, was a Briton, but, like all free subjects of tho Empire, wag a Roman citizen and bore a Ro man name. He lived at what is now Dunbarton. Scotland, and was a mag istrate In tho service of the Romans, and there Rt. Patrick was born. As , it was the habit of the natives to give their children the Latin name, which stamped them as Romans, as well as , a British name by which they were known at home, tho saint was named Patrlclus Mogonus. As the son of a I good man, Patrick was taught the . rylng dogs probably Irish wolf hounds. Ho was willing to work his j way for his passage, but to this prop osition tho Captain replied, "Nay, in i no wlso shalt thou come with us." ' Bitterly disappointed he turned away and began to pray, and after a while one of the crew came running to him saying that the Captain had changed his mind and would take him with them. Tho voyage was stormy, and when they landed they were com pelled to Journey through a desert for eight days. Their food ran short and many of their dogs died. Legend of the Pigs. During the voyage tho lad had tried Scriptures and educated in the Chris- to convert the men, and when they tlan faith and to regard the Church were on the point of starving in the of Rome as the mighty bulwark of the j desert the shipmaster called Patrick world. When the lad was but sixteen years j of age a fleet of Irish freebooters came to the coasts plundering the farms and loading their vessels with captives. Patrick was at his father's farm at the time and became ono of tho victims and was carried away to and said. "Now, oh Christian, thou sayest thy God Is great and almighty. till yo aru tilled, for Ho has plenty In all places." Presently a drove of plg appcared In tho road and the starving travellers killed many of the swine. After resting two nights they were refreshed and ready to resume their Journey, declaring that the appear ance of the pigs was a miraculous an swer to Patrick's prayor. A few days later Patrick had a dream. A voice came to him saying, "Thou shalt remain with them two months." At tho end of that time he ran away. It Is the general suppo sition that they were In Italy at tills tlmo and that the desert was really the wilderness of Southwestern Gaul (France) at that period. After trav elling for some time Patrick found refuge in tho cloister of Ilonoratus. whore he lived for several years. Became a Missionary. During his stay at the monastery he determined to become a mission ary, but before embarking on this ca reer ho returned to Britain to visit his old home. His kinsfolk tried to dissuade him, but again ho had a dream. In his vision he saw a man standing by his side. The man seems to have come from Ireland and car ried a bundle of letters. Patrick read the letters the voice of the Irish "We pray thee, holy youth, to come again and walk among us as before." The dreamer could not resist tho plea. but he determined to prepare hltn- stts-JCi?' tfie Spot rese )iu declared that unless the tiro was quenched the same night It would never bo quenched and the klndler of it would overcomo everybody and se- - - . I ducu all tho folks of the realm. The NIall was "tho th7uno of lam. and KIK "Plied. "It shall not be. but wo It wns by no means certain that he will go to see the issue of tho matter, would tolerato tho presence of n wo will put to death those who Christian community within his bor- '1" ch sin against our kingdom." ders. Patrick landed in this kingdom, j " -' hid chariots yolked and however, but hihtorv .soon transports with his queen and two sorcerers and him to another section of Ireland. (Others ho drove .through the night Finally, he reached what Is now over tho plain of Berge. Tho magl known as Armagh, where he founded 'dans arranged that the King should a church In it stable. This was about!110' B" "I to the place where tho tire 435 A. D.. and nine years later he ! was kindled lest he should afterwards built n church and monastery upon 'worship the klndler thereof, but that tho summit of a hill overlooking a, tho offender should be summoned to most delightful countrv, where he es- the king's presence at some distance Itabllshed his ecclesiastical headqunr- I frr tho fire and the magicians could ters na Primate of Ireland , converse with him. So tho company dismounted out of tho range of tho Legend if the l ire. ln! am ,,.Urlck waa MUmmoed. The One of the best known legends Is i magicians declared that "whoever founded upon the bitter hostility of rises will afterward worship him," Why. then, dost thou not pray for ! self for the work and returned tn us? For wo are in danger of starva- . Gaul (France) to study Finally he tlon and there Is no likelihood of our was ordained deacon by Bishop Ama seelng any man." And Patrick an- tor. swered, "Nothing Is Impossible to When Patrick returned to Ireland God Turn to Him truly that he may a a bishop a son of the great King the Druids to the new religion. The btory represents Patrick as resolving to celebrate his first ICastor in Ireland on the hills of Slane on the banks of the Iliver Boyno. On the nluht of Master Eve he and a few of his fol lowers lit tho Paschal tire, and on the same night it so chanced that the King of Ireland held a high and sol emn festival tn hl3 palace at Tara, where the kings and nobles of the land had gathered. It was the cus tom that on that night of the year no Are should be lit until the tiro had been kindled with solemn ritual In the palace. Suddenly one of the no bles saw a light shining ten miles nway across the plain of Berge. The King at once consulted his mnelrnni When Patrick came and saw the chariots and horses he quoted the words of the Psalmist "Some In chat lots, and some on horfes, but we In the name of the Lord!" One of the King's men stood up when Pat rick appeared anA w.ts converted. Then tho magician named Lochru be gan to revile Patrick, who was pray ing. Suddenly tho blasphemer was lifted Into the nlr and dropped on a stone and was killed. Then the King ordered tho men to lay hands upon Patrick, who cried In a loud voice, "Ler God arise and let His enemies bu scattered!" A great darkness came over the earth and the heathens tied, leaving only the King and Queen with two nr three of their men. The Queen begged for tho llfo of the King, who bent his knee before tho saint in mock worship of God. Afterward he sought to slay Patrick, who stood be fore him with his eight companions, 1 one of them a boy. But as the King l counted them they disappeared and I bo saw eight deer and a fawn muk- Ing for tho wilds. The King returned to Tara disheartened and ashamed. Thus tho (Ires of Christianity out- , shone those of heathenism. j IyOgcnd of the Poison Drop, Another legend tells of Patrick's ap pearance on Faster morning tit the King's palace, where ho enmo to preach the Word A druld sorcerer who was present put a drop of poison In Patr,lck's cup but the saint blessed the clip and tho liquor was frozen ex cept the drop of poison, which re mained liquid and ran out when the cup was turned upside down, Then he blessed the cup again and the liquor returned to Its former state. Patrick's fame soon spread over Ireland and many were converted. In the year 4 11 he visited Rome to re ceive practical advice from tho Pope, returning to Armagh in 441, where he received a grant of land from the King Dalro and founded the cathedral already mentioned. After this Chris tian churches sprung up in other parts of Ireland and thousands followed the religion introduced by Patrick. Driving Out the Snakes. I rt was on the summit of the moun tain known as Crough Patrick that the good man performed his greatest miracle banishing the snakes from Ireland. A large Celtic eross marks the spot where the venerated saint "brought together here nil tho de mons, toads, serpent", creeplnc thing and othor venomous creatures and Imprisoned them in a deep ravine on the sea front of tho mountain known as Lugnademon (Pen of Demons) As fast as they came he placed them in a pen. Then standing on the sum mit with a bell In his hand he cursed them again and expelled them from Ireland forever. Every tlmo he rang tho bell thousands of reptiles went tumbling Into the pea and were swal lowed tin by the wave's " It is a well known Dhonomenon I natural history that there aro n snakes, toads or venomous reptiles 1 Ire nni . nml the fact has always nee accounted for in thlB way. The mlra clo was performed in 4D0 and th Irishman accepts it with as perfec faith as ho docs the creation of th world, and each year on the annl versary, which occurs in July, thou sands of pilgrims climb up to the Coi tic cross and tho old ruined chapel m nv or mpm nn ineir Knees, iu uru to the patron saint of their land. Ills Dentil and Burial. Even the death of Patrick, whlc occurred In 465, was unllko tha nf ii ,i v nIVior man frtr n thft Hlv f his death drew near as he rested a ' the .Monastery of Saul an angel cam to warn him. After he passed awa , and men told how angels kept watc over his body and as they travelle as, of wine ond honey According history the good man was burled decided that tile body be placed tn 1 their journey and the rival factions iKTnnnpM nenr rne sue 01 inn ciiLneur was interred, ins grave is visutu u nun v nv thousands or nersons. ma , mound. Once a year tho cavltl made by these relic hunters aro , away. Relics. ling the Middle Ages tho church , V. 1. l ..U n .1 . I Y ,ltlA veneraiiuii iwu ireiiMurea wiuuii w ! pastoral statt and nana Dell. T , teenth century, but the four-sided ir 'at Dublin This bell, according I tradition, is tho one he used when sent the smkes Into the sea. 1 mimmmmmB " " y ' m i :vjc 7.x Litwin. mMxmm, i 11 . - (Copyright. Although Defeat After Defeat Has Followed the Austrian Army the Sol dier of That Land Can Never Be Accused of Cowardice - Has Gained Nothing for His Country By the Sword. TML'KTIUA'S military career can lay claim to few, if any, real W successes: a strange fatality J has followed her ormles, I whether fighting an aggressive cam paign on foreign soil or operating on the defensive at home. In nearly i every part of Europe during the last , two centuries her forces have met In battle her enemies and defeat has al- 1 most Invariably been the result. There Is probably considerable dlf- j ference of opinion as to tho cause of this almost uninterrupted series of failures, but thero seems to bo no doubt as to the bravery of her soldiers or their willingness to endure hard ships and face danger In defense of their country. Austria has had some leaders who were regarded as military men of marked ability but somehow It seems that something always goes wrong Just when victory Is In sight. It may be that there Is some Inherent na tional detect tn the Austrian's make up that prevents him from being a good soldier, but whatever tho cause It cannot be charged to cowardice or treason, for no body of men aro braver In battle than tho Austrians. Whilat their military history Is with out results or glory, yet on many a hard fought battle field Austria's men have contributed to great victories. Austria all nationalities fight side sldo with more or less harmony. The army at present Is made up of Austrians, Poles, Germans, Slovaks, CzechH, Magyars, RuthenlanB, Croats, Roumanians, Italians, Slovenes and Wallachlans. The peculiar constitu tion of the dual monarchy is reflected In tho organization of Its military forces, and the makeup of the army Is entirely different from that of other countries. There la what Is known as the first line or common army which trlan and Hungarian Landwehr are permanently embodied and train their own recruits according to the local sentiments of the part of the Eniplro in which the recruit enlists. In time of peace the units of this part of the 'army are much lower than that of includes the troops raised In tho newly ! tl '".,r?'" " annexed provinces of Bosnia and th" . on mon Arm'' a i.n rnrt. . Wh0n tho young men Herzcgovlnla. The Austrian Land wehr (Reserve Infantry) and tho Austrian Landsturm (Reserve Cav alry) form another part, while the Hungarian (Houved) Landwehr and the credit for which has larnelv trono tho Hungarian (Nepfolkeles) Land- to other nations as well as tho fruits sturm form what In known as tho of the victories. Many Races In tho Army. The Austrian Empire 1b made up of a conglomeration of nations at least ten different languages being spoken In Its domain. The army Is, of course, drawn from these people, and with so many races It seems remarkablo how such a patriotic sentiment has been kept up. A polyglot blend Is not gen- Hungarlan National Army, Mllltury Service Compulsory. Military service Is compulsory and extends to all raceH, , Including Mo hammedans who reside In Bosnia and Herzegovlnla. All men are liable to service from their nineteenth to forty second year in various capacities, al though their actual sorvlco in tho army does not begin until utter tliuir havo reached the enlistment ago they present them selves for enrollment and draw num bers. Those drawing tho lowest num bers are allotted to the Common Army until tho required number Is obtained. The next lowest aro sent to the Landwehr, and the remainder to what Is known as the Ersatz, or supplementary reservo part of thu military plan of Austria primarily In tended to maintain thu strength of the units on Held service. The Empire ts divided Into (sixteen army corps districts; these aro divided and sub-divided Into various regj. mcnts In a somewhat complicated manner. Unlike other countries, inu portal War Olllce, has tinly tho Com mon Army under his Jurisdiction, tho Austrian Defense Minister being In charge of both the Landwehr and the Landsturm. Tho Hungarian Defense Minister has chargo of tho corre sponding forces In Hungary. Each of tho threo olllciiilB is responsible to tho Emperor King and to their 10 spcctlvu parliaments for tho adminis tration and linance. Of course, tho nominal chief of tho entire army is tho aged Emperor Franz Joseph. The weapon used by the infantry Is tho Mannlecher magazine rlllo, and the Austrian goes down In defeat. I Curly ItuttlcN AguiiLst Turks. During tho sixteenth and seven teenth centuries tho Austrian soldiers were continually lighting thu Turks, for thu .Mohammedan horded made frequent incursions on what la now known as Hungary, and It took ull of the lighting men to keop tho land from the Turk. In 1683 tho Turk swept everything before him and was at the gates of Vienna. The city was In a state of siege and was tlnally rescued by the Duko of Lorraine, n general in thu service of the Gurman , Emperor, and King of Austria, Leo ,pold I., who had been placed In com- I muni or uiu army. juun nomesiu, King of Poland, was an aide to thu commanding olllcer, and his work against the enemy In that campaign was regarded as a remarkable exam ple of military strategy. So great was tho rout of thu Turku on that occa sion that they fled to Belgrade, leav ing everything they had captured In Hungary behind them. At another tlmo tho Austrians under Prlnco Eu geno of Savoy throw tho Turks Into confusion by a ciescent formation and killed tun thousand of them, tho battle lasting only two hours. Perhaps their greatest general was Wailenslein, who found It easy to en model 95, callbro .315. whllo that of tho cavalry Is tho Mannlecher carbine list mon under thu Austrian banner. which tnkes tho same ammunition as Tho majority ot these men hoped to tho rlllo. Thu army in well supplied with Held guns for shrapnel, field how itzer batteries, mountain guns, etc, and recently a mountain howitzer has boen Introduced. Tho whole war out lit In highly regarded by military men, yet Willi excellent equlpmmt ami sturdy soldiers something always goes IMftUK )BdliAlyj to &UloUun, but la jtwenty-tlrnt birthday, oth the Atw- J War Mlaleter, tho huad at the liu-'wrone ttt tho' psycholoiitaU uan.u.iwu twjwuinaii. gut n portion of army loot. He ln vuded Denmark and for a time was victorious, and In 1632 fought a bat tlu with Gustavus, King of Swedon, during which thu latter was killed. Tho military genius of Wallensteln on that occasion placed him high in the roll of gonerals. Two yeura luter hu Used to Hcienl. Early In the eight eentli century the Austrian soid.r in 'ai. .o meet de feat, and it camo so often that It finally became a habit. When the war flftlch was to decide whether or not ilorle Theresa was to succeed her father, tho Austrian went down to de feat at the beginning, but Anally ral lied and captured Prague anil .Munich, but all they accomplished in the end was the acknowledgment of thu lett.tl 1 rights of their Queen to thu throne. !They lost a part of Silesia to Fred erick tho Groat of Prussia. During the Seven Years War the Austrians were soundly whipped many times but tinilly won a victory against Frederick of Prussia through tho excellent generalship of Leopold, Count Daun, who completely routed the Prussians. This was in 1757, A few months later, tho hoodoo fell again ana Austria suffered a severe defeat. In 1798 Austria and Russia Joined I their armies and won two or three skirmishes against thu French. Then camo tho mighty Napoleon who, after Ills march across tho Alps, met atifl completely crushed tho Austrian army at Marengo, regaining all tho French had lost. After this defeat camo to the Austrians with the rapidity of Mexican revolutions. At Ulm they were badly beaten. At Austerlltz, ono of the world's famous battles, Na poleon's men literally cut tho Austro Russlon army to pieces. At Eekinhl and at Ratlsbnn It was thu same. Then the Archduke Charles and the Austrian army "came back" and for a tlmo Bonaparte was compelled to re tire, but two months later tho Aus trian went down to defeat at Wagram A beautiful monumont has been erect ed to the men who fought under tho Austrian uannor on this field. It stands In tliu centor of n large fenced off square in tho town of Wagram. But again tho Austrian camo back, and with tho aid of the Russians and Prussians ho defeated Napoleon in a three days' battle at Leipzig, After this came Waterloo, but by some strange freak of fatu Austria had no part In the real defeat of thu man she hated above all others. But tho Austrian's troubi did not end thero, for an uprising Va Hungary caused him to buckle x his sword and go down to defeat taforo tho revolutionists and l.ouU G&isuth then Jbaoanu) Uut bead ef jAbagarian re public. Then Austria begged Hu to como to her aid and Hungary reclamed 111 Treated by Prussia. Tile next "scrap" in which Aus tlHU 41 Jill l n t V. .-. 1 1 .... i-.-l In n it unU O W IT n I mnrk nnri 1 hi vlt torv VM CftSV, Uio affair was si arcely ended w t . . i Diieeii Him rrnl 1 Pil t V II I 141 iilll i w n i - the fruits of the victory- the Du of .Kchle.NWig Holsttin and at the tlu of S.idowa tho Austrian a camo out us usual in ueiem, ica . l. , ii nr nnr rnpii iikh leill iiiiiiiawiiM v. LUU IICIU - " V prisoners. Besides this, she was c duchy and pay a large Indemnity sides. Count Berchtold, the Cnancello been deposed, has been for years uei uctnii." Vienna he has been charged rim. the Austrian hIUd of i ,1n.w,.-. if-ttV, thrt rtf til IH-.twtivv i tt,.. tnilltarv tiartv at Berlin with the policy of the Emp Franz Joseph. His place nas tnlien bv Baron Stephen Bui Ian, an nblo Magyar states lster of Hungary, the able C Tisza. Military Martyrs. Antrtna flirhtlnr- men have llllll UUIJ 111 b!!U Jlicfltlt. n t .... complislied far more than incy lin.m t'leoti npniUl for A KvavS shadowed by the movements and tones oi inu gigantic ueruiau n 1.11 ...i... nml 41UM1IIWI FOIUIIT I'M I'l'l liv... ,. wo aro told that they failed to . . . . . ...... ...... .IV II ..IV I . Vl.Tnit, lit. ..iv. " whllo thousands moro havo wounded or made prisoners. Be fill Vienna, thu gayest city In Eu la nil..,! with wounded men women robed In garbs of mour I ItliT '1 1 1 1 iRT inn II UN Ilt't'LllIlt' iL LI sadness. Up in tho Tyrol the h heard for the god of battlo has illicit, .at r ii.tnTit vviin nn in tion of past victories, which seei bo the inheritance of every othc tlon, tho Austrian soldier goes . ., .11.. ...t 1 1. ! I ,.,.ntlnn III U" Ullll 1IIVT . .,,bM. lLIVyi.UU milliard' martyr oj Europe.