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NTTE MMLINIS2l !mrpm~ raotisus. ErpsoI*lp kA be t With Treue rea o ink Papd *paIv go-flhId ~flow go, wia*Vow FY I. ~ *. - ý - ·.rafa ~~jsmipt tkmnW#~ I ;ie -orpxrt~ ·ta· 9WW9sir j~ h~ b~ ~t* ~uSI4 .6~~Pr ~~r~~ ~~ti 0 sr~~t~ ~j~n'~t·FaA;tlw~~ ir3t'l~l~~*zWiciilC ~pi~m ~9r -cra ~·S·J·i~ii~! t e et t t-aeeti ~4i ;. · 4 Auwwww~iCs 1im 4S4id esucpt siuW - the Rejswi -OTW JM& Wtb)L~U~hW,3h ?Iw*naa oa Octiberl b. 1*1mm dum mmhffs aa8relbmlnary~ pe tot atl ow". wit .1 t ba~ia aTdkEd a and ý º tic . , toh ulai becoame ecl' 0! tuber l& The cemsstl meC "ent`UVS wjst Moh ints -y the Du~Bold t! tsu4u6 te their.ie nfmt' I ctdby Tuptry~ t war minister. the '.-ia. t ielt of )m~ umi~ etsJm.by Omuair Wapau~mL 7ii icqo64sI 13a b .. tin* . Gm. Wi verin in -e Oah ceme. " S Hmmb ac es esera Yaadiiu-.: ':kki 8h' :e aimenr ~ :aear~ - Tharmy t~a -ckc rjbm~ 8orarevW -, d_ Aýg0 aun . It alas = iws *wr tms - W at ·~l-il ·4-e L '~Z ·b·f ,.,.5 u FOREIGN AFFAIRS With continual strife, amounting vir tually to civil war, in Ireland. with spasmodic revolutionary outbreaks In 0 Germany, with, counter-revolutionary b movements developing at intervals in z Russia. with civil war in China and with political upheavals in France, Italy, Greece and other countries, the unrest and ehangint conditions growing out of the World war were K refleted in the disturbed Internal con ditions of many countries of the old word in 1920. One of the tuexpected political de relopments of the early days of the year was the fallure of Premier Cle menceau to obtain election as presi dent of France upon the expiration of the term af Preddent Poineare. Paul Deschanel was elected on January 17 and the followltn day Clemenceaa's cabinet resigned. Alexandre Miller and formed a new cabinet at the re quoet of President Polncare. The All.Ruaan goverument in Si bala, beaded by Admira Alerander B. Kolcbak, was flnall destroyed with the kiliag of Admiral Kolchak by 80 elal Revolutionists at Irktsk on Pib rnar T. In Great Britain the governmeut took its frst deit. al etep toward a setlim ent of the Iriah question on ebrary 25 by presentlng to the boue of eommons Its Irish home ruie bn. proTidlg for autonomous ruie -nder a dual parliament. repre meeting both the aortb and the south. On Marcb 10 Ulster voted to acept the bll. A »ew eountmerevolutlon. directed by milltarists broke ont to Berlin March 13. The revolationsts galned editrol of Berin and Dr. Wolftgan Kapp proelalmed himssif chanellor. The revolutim was short-lved, bow ever, endtln t fllure on the 1thb whbe Dr. Kapp realgned. 1 The Ifh situation continued to at tract the attention ot the word. On Marcb 19 the mayor of Cork was kill ed by Saasrpn. In the Hoose of Commons the Irish Home Rule bill peed Its seeond reudiag on Marcb 1, 848 to o4. On Aprit 4 Irldb tax oceds ad records were burned at many point and wire conmmnicatlon tfro Belasi t waa'UIt ra Ms1co thb preidential campaian lervloped a revettteo whleh ruIlted *deitaUiy la t4he va*r*iw of the rwamm gsveranw et. On AprI 10 the state et flerav wtthdrew from the b and al -ttla betweap tbe 1alte if ad.ad5at tMra frces be* XUa. Sty 4pit a ala Messesn state 1 ,Bé 41t au - oe.. m, where t lmmealatsly entered up em..a lmagr tIke. Riots and In emI~tlmg cmtaned rs ~assm -- Iac~ vslws propertionsa at many plIttL -r the constltutonal electlon held Em Mea le. eptember 5 General Ait riija i ts was electead gresl4ak Preaident Desmane of France re galsed' e.*pteer a1 eesame tof bealth and on the I2rd Premier Ale andre MllBerabadwas elected to succeed hlie Georges Leiges. mianister of amela unader Cleuspeau became pre Farther disturbances were repyrted I4 Italy 4curth Octoes. On toi 18th leraders of the, Socksfl party and the Oemeral OoCaederratiom of Labor :daed demonstrations to every town n Ital to an effort to forc the Italian government to iecogspae goviet Ru slan and n the following eday man pereoi were tilled and wounded toi the ceurse of a two-hour strike called b a protest against the arrest of poat esl ot endeu oppealong the allIed pol le toward Rausta. The government begus a drive on the 17th to unad p all advoeates itf oltuca to the esun After a hwager strie of 74 4da whtch bad 5raw the attention at the worln, Teseau Mae, ewlaw, jordaldoVr ai Co*k. died In Bridte prlms Igp w, oetober %L Great apr^ ha bae. re.aut o bear to weure MsYor east s eleaaas buta e the wn a# iesont arin to a stanl a lut the -ae arlheak hi* Alssateer it Greece 'i6es octber 25 s a emyee o ar te a pet ieirey -icae it we aasein d lma*r men eeE es esel sr i P~ripti aiMi·dP~LIr4 ee 81 Bger t a MaKR mtr 1k sund'a ·:~~ammum ~tiwqmwburbdf 1. deda$ ~ sadA- Abs Mod l 'or 'et : irTt . t.. - a . * ` ý '- 3 DOMESTIC The year 1920 belng a presidential election year, politics held the atten tia of the people of the Unlted States durlng the greater part of the year. Senator Warien G. Harding of Ohio 1 was nomlnated for President by the Republlcans at Chicago June 12. The Democratic national convention at San Francisco nominated Governor James M. Cox of Ohio on July 5 on the forty-fourth ballot. In the election on November 2, the Republican national ticket was elected by an overwhelming majorlty, receiv Ing 414 electoral votes while the Demo cratic candidates recelved 117. The Republicans also won an overwhelm Ing majority In congress. By wlnning their long fight for equal suffrage, the women of the coun try gained the right to vote for ail offees in the November election. The United States Supreme court on January, 5 opheld the constitution alty of wartime prohibition and the Volstead enforcement act. On Janu ary .16 nationwlde prohibition, under the elghteenth amendment to the Oon stutlton, went into effect. On January 10 the New York as sembly, with but two dissenting voices, voted to exclude the five Soelalist members of that body, pending trial on charges that the platform of their party li revolutionary. The anti-radical campaign reslted In the Indlctment of 88 leaders of the Comnmunist Labor party n Chicago Ss Janaary 21. Tbe raliroade ef the coaetry were retuned te private operatlon on MBaeb 1, under the tenms ot the Com fltait.Wh raliroad reorgansation act. SSator Traman H. Newberry of 'Mebic.n awta cavctd nl the federal rf.rt t Grnd Rapid e March 20 «M âmre* invelving the use of eces w engapa1gn ftade. Hie and 16 ce* |a w Wt potw t cctsm : use eia nesst ss.r kZs y that trbual decided that the amend- I meat and the Volstead enforcement act were etsotitutiona " i IneNMem esn arates were granted the' railroads of the country by the interstate commerce commissiop July 31 to enable the roads to meet In creaed wages Passenger rates were t ItereaSed 20 per cent, with a Pullman sorChage 'f 50 per cent for the rail roads. .reight rates were incrceae from 25 to 40 per cent In fferent see tions of the country. The trial of the Onmmntlst Labor party leaders to Chicago , in progress for several months, ended August 2 with' the conviction of h2, who were rven Jail sentences. Tb. ive Secialist assemblymen ex pelied from the New York legislature tn the spring, having been re-elected, were again unmeated when the legis lature met in special sesmaon Septem ber 21. Sharp drope to the prices of cotton. wheat and other fams proeucts brought appeals flr "msistance from the farmers of the country during the latter part of the year. Night riders aepeared to southern. sates i an of felt to ibsen the growen tobhold their cptOn for a higher prap had a aoe -' ment was started to sewS.the holding of wheat from the market. WATIONAL LEGB154TIOU tha enei ued igha t over the ratifia tion of the treaty of Verpailles, with IfhR at Itatid d ttea toateate datl le . of i piMbia , moe was Coll. *tFtPhOi, e i :irS q te contry ematel. _n and Th.a WNW to~jats bit were emessuf i - in a acted s eho e :tits ,etotla e iy !oasm of 'e e h te ., Mw" i 3- ~r.--~ ;1-fs LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL Industrial unrest which manifested itself during the period of reaction im mediately following the war, became even more marked during the year 1920. Radical activities were tnvolved in some of the labor disputes in this country, but this was true to a much larger extent in the labor troubles that beeet most of the cointries of Europe during the greater part of the year. The first month of the year was marked, in the United States, by the abandonment of the steel workers' strike which had been begu on Sep tember 22. Railroa d traMe vas tied up In France, February 27, by a general strike of rail workers. The premier ealled all tbe strikers into the army, and two days later the strike wa set tled by a compromise. Peace was declared between tbe bituminous cal operators and miners March 81, whbe they siged a two year agreemet based on an award made by the coal commlsiosn named by Preuident Wlson. An "oUtlaw" strike eo railroad swittoban began la <aleago April 15, na sproad. rapidli to other parts of te Ceqatry. Preaderal ee. arressed 30 leades of the strike ta Chleaeo, Ap S o charses r at erfrin wth th-e ails ad m olation or tii Laver ës^^N^e. 44 \r an rns ive thouand men going kit because of disuatisfaction with the wage awards made by the coal " imission. The irst of a long series of strl'-s ivrelving Bolshevik activities took place in Italy March 25, when work men and peasants in Naples and the provinces of N~ovra, Alexandra. Brex ca and Treviso, attempted to establish soviets. Troops restored order and the strike ended within two days. On May 1 there were riots in Paris, end railway workers struck for na tionalization of the railroads. French deck workers and coal miners joined the strike on May 5. The French gov ernment took vigorous steps to end the strike, moving to dissolve the Gen eral Federation of Labor and char acterising the strike leaders as Bolshe vista. The strikes were called off by the General Federation of Labor on May 21. The Railway Labor board announced its decision on wage increases on July 20, awarding increases of from 20 to 27 per cent to nearly 2,000,000 employ ees, the total increase amounting to about 300.000,000 a year, about half the raie that employees had asked. .The award was accepted by the rail road unions. During the latter part of July coal miners again struck in Illinois, Indi ana and Kansas, but on July 31 they were ordered back to work, after an appeal' had been made by President Wilson. Serious riots occurred at Denver Au gust In' ce'nnection with a street car strike, many-being killed and pjured: Federal troops were ordered to Denver to stp tbq disorders. The Railway Labor board made an other award August 1a granting an fmcpe amounting lto $0,006000 a year to 5,000 railway epress workera On August 0 President Wison a prOem the majority report of the an thedmfi ws* m, p a-. uto.rdpo g SLinage dweson or eam 11 to 20 - pa cent. E(0 Septemas er antriaette a aeters . e d W a sis4ea ta.fiar tst a be dm th award, but thea tn-eeso -n o ...iii.p. . .:t -i-t in- Lr mAn .r dbxemt eaIst mar easst Ja ar a n U-I SPORTS The revival of interest in sporting events of all kinds which was appar ent in 1919, following almost a com plete suspension of athletic activities during the war, was even more marked in 1920. The firt of five races between Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock IV, chal leager for the America's cup, and the defender, Resolute, was held off New York July 15. The Shamrock won the flrst and second races, but the Resolute took the next three, winning the cup on July 27. Charles Evans, Jr. of Chicago. won the western amateur golf championship July 17, and Jock Hutchinson won the western open golf champlonship Au gust 5. Edward Ray of England won the American open golf champlonship, August 13. Charles Evans, Jr., won the national amateur golf champion ship, September 11 The United States, for the seventh consecutive time, made the biggest score in the Olympic games at Ant werp, Belgium, with 212 points. Fin land was second with 105 and Sweden third with 95. Jack Dempsey retained the. heavy welght champlonship of the world by knocking out Bill Mske in the third round at Benton Harbor, Mich. Sep tember 6. Georges Carpenter of France, knocked out Battling Levinsky, October 12, and became light heavy weight champion of the world. A sensation was caosed in the base ball world just before the close of the season by the exposure of a con spiracy by which the world's series of 1919 was "thrown" by the Chicago American league team t the Cincin nati National league team. Seven members of. the Chicago team, includ ing several stars, and ooe former mem ber were -acesed of aceppting bribes. aad they later were Indleted by a Chi cago graad«jry. Cleveland won the American league pennat on October 2 and met the Brooklyn club. National league pennant winner, in the world merles on October & Cleveland woe the meries by takhi tbe seventh ga freim Brooklyn, Otober 12. A basheba wr wa threteed by a -oefiet betrien -cl.b of-be Amerisa :Iesgue wvrtplan for a . as semem.tr w .ar Ilw= -7P^ÎA'^ ;; board of coff'-oi was established wlt1e Judge Kenesaw M. Landis et Chicago as chairman with an annual salary of $42,500 a year. Roscoe Sarles won the 250mile au tomobile race at Los A zeles Novem ber 25. In this race Gaston Chevro. let was lilled in a collision. DISASTERS The world was comparatively tree from disasters causing great loss of life during 1920. Tornadoes in the United States and earthquakes in Italy and Mexico. caused the greatest de struction. Several thousand people were report ed. killed by a violent earth shock in central Mexico January 3. the dam age being particularly heavy in the western part of Vera Cruz. More than 100 persons were killed. many were injured and heavy property damage was caused by tornadoes which. swept Georgia. Alabama. Indiana, Ohio and Illinois, March 2 . Three hundred persons were killed by an explosion of a munitions dump at Rothenstein. East Prussia, April 1L Another tornado caused heavy dam age in Alabama, Tennessee and Mis sissippl, April 20. More than 150 per sons were killed and property valued( at $2.000,000 was destroyed. Fifty-nine persons were killed by a. tornado in Cherokee couy, Okla.. May 2. Great foods were reported in Japan, August 19, with heavy less of life. A severe earthquake it the district: north of Florence, in Italy, on Septem- ber 7, destroyed 100 towns and killedi about 400 persons. Disastrous earthquakes occurred in. Chile and Central Ameries Decem ber 9,.ad later t dth math. IECROLOPY. * e tokac mnyml w"qroan panLaa eamn thore who were - know er meet a·ivert In their pari~cuar Iwe~t ca Isbet; *emso ~the MooiwuLag: Janur xNiehulma ~enwi. famus~ Fraench pasnter; JanuryI MauiPow eEL wog~uitre teinmc int~~ l vioi~et~. luau ceml eetu f mi mý S aiak;S ta - xplEiiur;s~ie~ ~ ~~IP - .r~ zw 7l xuiaair OC~ b 0. ~h ga~i ~Yi~il~it ar~~~~~p~~'~ I 4,, li-~14'