Newspaper Page Text
armI 11 ". 1 . at. ... ^i r :1 r' f 1 ' :i L k4 . l 11 + a" r ua + N7 f' Aft 1 l i T, M Y' " r ..,.. ,.111" . .ý ~ r~ .Amrolibaop N. X. PsaRCE aq, I: i *~ J~KmNT -:~.·· -I I TM flow RIAUTIFPL . t FE ;" ºl r' 1 Do. aiC S i1 : ý.ý y y ý ý3a ýN W 8L n NS . . " u Y u 1 8YF "ý cvm4IT ic. f"DW$&TFLAE IEFE f HL 'I~GfU IIG F dI I ý W REN, III MRI l EEBR' ,87t ,,,: ,,.< ý 'l,1 . _ _ _ - _ _ - _ t .. . .: . ý w 1 N l º1 . V -GiimAdtholic Messenger. jo lsf : zu,&r, DUMRcEss 1. 3s5s. thi ATION PROX MHE QUAOThR OF MONT h o following is areport of the proceed- It] at the Vatica,on the 27th ult., of Ot we were only able to give a tele- i hol summary last wesk Thb Rloman of of the: Meonti` has~b,'wlh lnlg oj test in their turn against the demon- m es made onm their pat of ome in de ration of the 20th of September. and of October, assembled at the Vas- si to the number of about 5,000. 'hfe a Ducal ne t beisg large enough to hold tb the last somers we ruanged alone w estibule of the Sistine CP anI.. iT Is pi ni 0`6"1 i0ja ,1 o the * enthusi with. w oe immenaerowd wlitpd oly Pathe on hit entrance; thte se- i ation of Vesa Bato Padre 1 ira p giosero del ra1ieaso ! resounded from ti gat'wbom we -tmarteid" ltnalna n and Bill, their Euelleoiies the v dor of Frapce, and the WMiiters and Portugal, and other perons of r n. Prisrs AMeubrWeWmi5a the expressive of the feel*ge of the tation. It is not reported for politial . s; The, Pope, e' 'was evidently affected,. replied as feliews - What I hbve just heard, a h4 et the teverini said to me on the 18th of this th, sufficiently proves to Dme that the me regard which the writers of cer journals professed to feel towards you put on for tbs oocasion . *d for the ose of composlng an article that uld be read by everybed.. Bat -e the mask is taken off those profes s by facts that speak for themselves; I n the facts of the 13th of October, aod this day. And if the sentiments of the ple of those quarters be unanimous have shown in what they are unasht s; it is in their loyalty, and affection ards the Vicar of Jesus Christ. Those who have been led astray are lug it out; they are awaking froem their p just as the young irl whom, as the ce tells us, Our Lord raised from the Oh, if all would hear as you do Lord's voice, they also would awake their dream. ' Ssee what the Gospel ror tines gouuJ r after Pentecost) brings before as. The Vi her of a family, who wasalpo rier of til synagogue, had lost his daughter; he It gt out Jesua he was fall of faith and be Adence. Having found Our Lord, he to at His feet, and sild with tears in his Lord my daughter is just dead. , Dy ghter is just dead; come and' Is0youar a da upon her, Jesau Christ was. moved as delighted at so great faith, and He ti t with the father to his bouse where l paratloes were beig meade for burying ol corpse. le found ter,a.tmultuous . u wd. Or Lord enthbth all away, say- g ' Give place, for the bgirl Isa not dead si sleepeth.' The crowd of Phariiees. ever, ' laughed Him to seor' whip I beard those words, J i$' In the c ut day they tarn the most holy this d evethe miniseters of Godi .mto r I t ' for the reason of man has not per- I ed those things whieh are of the-spirit c .'. Let U. slas.hp hPPIe live i brute beasts; let them refuse to reo- a bie that which preceedi from the Spirit a God I Let us, however, pray for t4eip; I may awake from the state of death whbich they ale lying. 'I have slept and n and the Lord has received me ; I e slept and slumbered, but the Lord received me.' SLt us- pra that kcab one may be ght to see whereabouts be is, sad may e to a new Ihfe. Many will awake at as command; but others, alas, will bar their hearts, and God In His ass' will ish them with dreadfuld blows. I know many arte now saying that a very great g has been acbhieved in the downfaltl of Temporal Power. .They boast of be, at Rme, and aflrm tht they will stay . Unhappily it as bat too true thle are here; hat irs along way from that r the certailty of their stayingi here. ptresent trials er seat by Bed they sot last forever " " . Y am not, however, alag to speak to shout the Temporal Power, but about greater Power-I' mean the Spirit TPower. Tthat is the Power agatuat at se Jesus Christ to all sorts of perils by driv. Gi ing them from their eonveet,, uder pie- te -r g ithe lldaog either ito a 4 ool or intU a bepital, or into on i am college. What speeles of scan all dal is rethat is poi ento-ds ip Rome ki the ilof m i b s O owerndY ' Ama. we has arrc om s ies the dirim- TI ity of Jesus Christ ;sad the. newspapers I style him an illuatrioea man-an honor to at his eeountry. Two 6slrdel, once members pm ie sP AdIleIIII dl treg JUk lh ti I t when 4 m o t h y e i in 4 aq metropolis and are codrajed in th ; bit- si delity. to S" All such facts as these tend to the do- tr struction of the Spirital Power ; but, I t Sesy again, ft Is Indestructible. We may t I then look with compmssslon on those who ii uosy themselvre in that ungodly work,. ad a pray to God for them. e l P Lsook-t htt-Jl goIg a in the a ab- e d oli r world at the llrlmaeas that are be ing . organized o'toig'lot Allmighty God Hise a protection on behalf of the Church; at b n the prayers that are going up from all t yhdo 'ý}tinotceas~to t t a4odea eo t a get ppe `o pe.le"t g ie u4: to pro e vide d rC abis pr eed of . time. '. r " hee 4tow~b a: B i.ptQ defending the I of rights of religion. T he "We can wait; the day of the Lord will e come. But, you will tell me-st thie moment. l L.e dou by the rii t oflof Bi"ne' Yes: y baet.do notcr to tuast is d o 'e-oan rewardol r eon 35 ad.tio_ eU e der suffering. HeU. Iembe1- t pie towards' 'us. Let Oliask Of"s Cld the ihe £ursl to be able to.wit iataad the wieked erh ness all around u. "O my God! sustain Thy Vicar, and he give us coure. Bless this people that t surround me, and may Thy blessing de __ sceod on the wbohs of the Cathelie world. S"May Almighty God bless you. May SHoe graim you strengtth nd oou*tga to fin [od ieh your livel.with Him blessing upon you. the May God the Father bleoss you; may , e vouchsafe you thie gift of strength; may | God the Son bless you ; iy He vouchsafe onyou the gift of perseverance ; may God i e Hloly Ghost bless you ; may ou are eyon the giftof is lnigLt un1til you reach leirthelife everlt ng.-Bditio DJi, ele. The rain rssia. ti The Prussian Peers are Enrding out, like "s everybody else, that Prince Von Bismarck's i I gratitude extends no further than Prince tbe Von Bismarck's contilerace. At the same time we have a fresh indication of thehar amation inflaeu es at Work within, the bosom of the Empire which has been faunded by iron and eoasolidated b blood. P We onat not, beowever, tallow ouielves to m be lerd aside by these reflectotns. It is lve olre iostrUetivp to observe lioa t'twjl sac and utterly the proposed reorgunia0iq, fP. t the Circles destro t bhe edifice ef.sio)e ad pci hrtstoe atie sartDeucy iu the verb citadelos surrendered 1 h oeir privileges ss afritless I acrifice to te furies of revolutnte, bhas Europe witn eied .the inaugrration of so c complete'a change. The proeednre is in- t a deed somewhat different, though it seems es Sthat tie amount of external pressures wrill have boen tolerably identical is both U t ca"u ; but when we look to the reselts it e is hard to say that, in the first stage at any is - rate, there is not absolute identity. Wlhat P it are the Prussian nobles in the Prusian counties to-day 1 Everythiag. What will P b they be t.o-morrow I Nothing, or next to m d nothing. In Germmany, ast in France, the v I " Third Estate" is ons its way to be every *d thing. But we must proceed to details. 01 the eight provinces of which Prussia ' e consisted prior to 1816, the new law is to ti ty apply to Old Prussia, Pomeranla, Silesia, ' at isdesbuig, Bxe-Prussia, and Posen. SIn Westphliia and the bhine-land, the or 1IstjO uprital d by the Code Napoleon r' s considered to afford su eient guarantees s at for demoersde interests. In the six threat' of ensed ditieIs, the feudal organiSation., as " it is called, has continued to subsist. Im- I sy mense domains are the propery of a band- i at at of proprietorM. A saund sn. overed at with vast brusete, .s. w ad heath. s- I re. fords esent penses to othe agSanitsts, lay bata splendid ebse to the noble bunker of i wild alssb. The farmers still pay a per ;to ties of the rent in kind, sad orushed with at taxation. sad depeadeot oe the abanoite It will of thq master, have neither capital nor eould une toW apply to the prosreutlc of all the neceeary struggle with the diflesltiee In of tre. This, bowi"ver, isL bt the pi turd of tip social soaditiOs. Tbeaseblise -_. Gra.d-Jd"yote Circle.- The Grand-or ' to take a better comparitho-tit-ihs p i A (enerai of the Circle i ciinvoked aS, least see ayear by, the Landrath. It wsasit almost eolsiievly, o#. tie proprietora ol Al kiilihitly dotalioa (BiUtergatr) sad the representatives of the rural eonmumes. The resstatives of thezrtrl eosrtabin - baelg tb d iivlvhskren or hrditary myors , ttaehsd to the great f1illll, ithoere Ii practically no dlstinction beltlee .thLse two clause. A few cir i deptisa e- I ;lit." theo sesmily, wblhts,, tPoHle.s .lev and application C! the local 4aii' The o'6 terriloritl lords are moreoier the anagis- h iratie asd heds or the .locl police. On the' saltpri 4eolvea the u es of the fiieo.twtas o . M rate to- pay l e ni~ts thom the Council of the eil d, 4"11 l iw. saieuaeas throw upona.pnde "tis burthser withlouat sa yi shifting of the nem tion.jAW , e the lflbbhrll 6l'tsa·h w91uta. Mossthal le I iiq a oiba seilgnuorial aol.regithteh bed s ease toog asisple insteinnkl erthe pee Ssesval do game isd't, elbtjlahiiOnf of the p: al *e Te . consdtdtuti bi pslct, darht t tbb' theEons. if ress w the o e bulwarkof the Gevernmentnl e qeason of tom' Ar SA lcatUs~4 the withdrawal of a e pc stf tol theO speEsstlte ,t I.-ilge 1i interests. Is _, Cosia : luhers ,melntrodoeed the masaus reb it a, te war.of 1870eansedit ~t.r. ur eoa o - To searise lth palb 1-tb `areatu. f' | imtel-presltBill .nr the __-6_ fp. of e thie`' Cotiittib", 'the elguos r pullcic and I- seigneurial jurisdietonas are at once abol ished. Every cemmane elects its aown d mayor inlsead of rebeiving aln tErbschlze atl by berlditart righbt.' 'A certal_'ttnber of e- eommulae larnes an A4tbeirk, ode a id.. President or voree~kr liamed by the o0v sy ernment eom a list prepared by the Coun, - i lof the Circle. To the` orstehe belongs" on. the control of a regular police. The -el Colanii ofthe Circle consists of a vastly 3y inoreased representation of the civic ele lre ment as well as a powerful iasant6eie id meat; and though the Order of Nobles is Ih- still maintsined, the vote is taken by hb heaeds sad not by orders, and thus the Splainest "Hans" is the equal of the proud eat baron. Finally, the Landrath Is to act with the aid and supervision oat a depots tion of six members elected by the Council ik of the Circle. The Couneil of 'tie Circle ke belng itself elected, the elective principle k~s in its broadest sense is-thts predominant .ce tbroeuh lil the stages of the future admian -el intraon' of the PrassiAn counties as' well '- Al of the Pressial towns. Tle e:ecution 'et the tbreat which the R rnussian Governmept is reported to have t nade, to the effect namely, that all the egislantitb'beltness which canpot be tra, nacted by the Circle aesembliep will be left h tbd c* etence of time BReiebstt or Il- . "si Parutlaeut, would.completely termi* nate tae poh osl functions of the Prueslsa b rise r aY. lo tlm lompertial Parliament smiverta s ¶t'rag reigns s spWm snd the abolition of the Prussian legisatu wold a r4ce the Prssian barons o the level d gj~pry itizOns. Even If the Govern- - ment stops short of this sweeping ' essure, the promised creattwof new peers to the extest, It need 6e, of double the existing ee-oge, wilt be a step which chnnot but destroy the most linttgering notion of the Upper Houise's poer or independenRe. It is probable, indeed, that ithe les obstinate portion of the peers will give way at the last moment, but In any case' the majoi porion of thei mpreion which could be mial on athe putuLp has bees already mad4 etaL that impression has been una voidably unfortunate for the peers. How Pressia and the Hohenzollern will be able to manage after tie lose of what has been the firumest support of the monarchy in times pat is a problem wlh the future alone can solve.-Loondo Tablet. Mosk of the rude manners observable amongst men and women may be traced to the rouahaas of speeho easstmary In the domesai lives oef tie people. Mother nd father speak rudely to each. other--tiel mean no harm, no uonkindnses even ; is is just their way, they would tell you, if ex p wtcted with ; bet It is a wa the bmil dren esteb qp, as surely as a setver parrot L imitates all it hearsr arosed, Lasten to ebhilren at play, you will hear yll that "father and mother" are in the habit of a syihg--epeated, tom, with tim very man r nerism of the speakers. eWhat a current is to a ivcr, that Is Lae f tefe to te !oIdy. Wsasthtbe one tle ,jvrie wa ul wends 410- tISP di -a- etrirrtý "r .,t 44..... IS qiWs6 FATiER BURKIE'S SECOND LCuTU RE. i ANOTrER BRILLIANT DISCOUSE. If "IRELAND UNDER THE TUDORS." f" weport4 r tae Ide Arsees I '"ie Aeos*yml of Musio wl agaten Aled, t ehn th Aveselog of the 14th i.st.,--tlslds - ag e.d larger endienee thes·atteded a ther.8·r 's iret leetuen,'-sLth the t, .eat-r. was f1lly as dlegreebletl In oemeetle r n the former epeeaoS. At 8 t -d4iekr !attier Brke came pon the Msget I , i before, by a -lage amber o j I'd i wasreis v t reve th e maIt Iprie l eo which he ash ew edged b bewig to his ,d a ee.i'N oen I _speseeeii with bhiseetrerf mo ftPse i I ddestlemscW--We naw c* to i s the seod leceI s of the miset , orian who ,as c,...me emept Itr oe oe of the moat laterestint ' as4.Mirbl, passagem n ou.re Mtctry. "It I, re eiien,--,b, reign of Henr| a.the reign of EUsabeth, and the es the First: I ,car+el ePo 'iea ofr Edward the Bast, and I ~.eas worth eesating The aeppm ebega n, o sad letenr SIa tbsheS eatsene pesedee. me e sMeted bhery the Utws a bater ef diserder. Nowft my f oends. every 5b in this worold h , a e.re. Whether bon seloesty or bneonedQsoi ' ry i!r7 f e °eete w meaehrctarOt r other quk, ofbitory, r° Which he adaitreS; unit at.leaglb, ftom f ~anstantly thinking of the virtues and es a .Altencle of his hero, he oeemseami to worship him. Before s all lie the grand ° IWateri names tbhat are written upon the ti world's anals; and every mn is ree. to S, ,it the hart ater that he likes beat, apd to islet his hero. Usig this privlege; 8 Mr. Froude has made the moot. ainglau tr seleotion of his hero that ever yeo or I t heard of; his hero Is envy the Eighth. o It speaks volomes for the integrity of Mr. Ii Fronde's own mind ; it is a strong arge- I ment that be pooseOe a charity the most t sublime, when he has bebn enabled to die- a cover virtues in the historieal character of one of the greatest monsters that ever t cuarsed the earth. He has, however, sue- t ceeded in this, whioh, to me, appears an impossibility. And be bas discovered, amongst masy other sbioleg virtued the charseter of the EngfIsf Nero, agVea ooe I for order; anti a .reat 1Jde of da dsm., Well, we mst st a'st the very ret snee tence of the learned genotlema, and try to analyse., and se how meoia there to of truth in this word of the historian, and bow mtch there is which is only Ma bonor able, and, to bhi, a trnthful figa e f e bij Imaglnatlom. All order is tl t Bste ia based ~pd' three grand priluplise my rndsD; Paneliyp the spremaey of 4ie'law) tie respet bfr, sad liberty of, e..es leneis SAd a tender, regard that wMhch e s-e foeetalo-bed of alt hdmsn" sdqetyl, omeldy; *e" saeetfty of the' nt rihgl ie. The fret eleseat nt ofmdet in e4ry I tattto e the saurentY pr the liw. I;this sopre Smae lies the very qaiatesnee f harm it free~nom. and of all order. The law to sp posed to be, aecording to the deftiitio of SAalnues, the jodgiest presaeseed by pe Aqcjinas. the jU4deUet presasseeu Dy pr -got foud reasIon and .bellet, thinking and aI {edisdiadlor.the public good. The lswr, uI terefore, is epreestoa of veasone- c" reasn bucked b ' authority; reason lo8f d i oed b the noble motive of the publL a. good. This being the nstate of law, the tU very rst thing that we demand for thils ' law iS that every man bow down to It and h obey it. No man ia the eommonity ea b ela.m esemptlio from obedlence to she law; I eart of all atse ma who ls as the head of the commUnity ; beoooe he Jl eappipi to Ae represent, before hbe nation, Ptip I of obdlenee, without whiob,il55&iona t order sad happines perish amongas the l people. Wee Benr the Elb an u p .ho dr eaf lew I Wee me ediee to t law I deny itaed bavoth vev.ee I of eal hiee . to beck up is She deeu. c I broand iHenory the Eighth s o fb. toe a trate st e eile otf freedom ad e llaw I ta oer lived io obae WbrI bd; egoeelot t y r I ·~will eely a** yea "enesen e; ut of ti S theused, I have osy lle leeted .oe.. Whoe iveny broke with the Poee t it e aad spen hie seujets to s eHe l1e15e kIUM-bea k Ie ar I -s i itralst oed of the Church. There W Abbat of te three charar - `ýh .k. Abbbt o e o dedr. i,. Mes-p 'w'. w -- jury of twelve OItiseue ot, Thmou ht u1 upon them. New, thear 6h 1 ie f E.391gb low, te'W 4a aIts4 .mAf- I fish leglalstIos qtU au Jsi S liberty oft1 J *l must be per( yfles i mS .i. ANN 0006 all 'oo oe Ion m. wiebeut, belt. be.ees from any per edies. They anug be"7rn M from any _Prejudiof of the t~muqbe A perfecly itpartil, and ro º s to renord thert verdict. Aýº wuI0 n refused to ooetlb the thUqe. bbhef hrgh 6 trteason and they grounded teir refumm Il upon th:is: u'N·ver" thyjd d, k b I)hcs C attend in Rgland tb t was ildgb tresses to deny the .piitpat sup sae Ias Irtap, it 1 not( Itrl!ý spn . Rb ' M, we sao not tad these mep gutilly el hig h s stom What dd lenrdot He mot wer ntl the jsy .that if di sot lasd the three I I Abbots guilty he would viesi thea with I tbe.amne pssshlbtthtbe their ýr5oW6n. atV ' t that they sbould' td i himh, therefoid,_egb$'jý' Is 1 .barter of -Esglia 1i1MiIIP t t iads basingemphe pa f hment of BuogllshilaW asee4 jouSh R ftwmetWstb3.y of.. they ____lr e ine tb hteowbi Wat juy ahqe be? t' he resd oth oedts l " d tloeeof t r. t ry that they were.bore to deathis hero Henry the 4M ' Where rrolJ1 them be Is(r4 s M~aI-5U; IM ,as prmitted t d thiswas tI en setioa of Yr. lfrode' ýeat tdmler dedr--his hero. Henry 166,1110 #. STb, econ-d strad olemeat f.0rdo! is r- W .pect for consloe -'The=- eerlie, of -4 to man, and gu.,deiut.oi.t"s i a" n posed to be thbe.Is lid e al the g'la talong i which the peple r the oIndVida*l ' stand to G(od. The eewslecan d(.Io ! _ so free that tAlm htr od pt ann dtoes a wroag a Zhlkie.h.e '. I' d dolg right, the wrong wiu aot b"at"rIH a led. to him by the .lmibb G..E* W - this aan a respeetor of ess»e in, wi ont of tn thousand sats of Me, I *l IeeL one. He ordered thed'p ~4 MEoe$ lead to ebtae their religi o Ordered them to give up that gltgd sytem 'odol P matti teaching whiob Is. in the .I-tb'Iiso €Chcl, wherie every man kInow, watl 5o l believe aud what to do. And what-reW l lion did he offer them tseed Y ae, did i not ose them ProtesteatIa , Ifbt He thl " til Eighth never was1 . Pnrotlstant .' I i_. the ',a** day of hi tf , ,...p l 0ba, laid i babsa oo," r w94ldAve, made a torML, Mi.-+i .h . w Maao p to t do of hiad athL a.d afT dl r .we. his ot0ated' serpeý-' s0h W'.ýish a ,Mass oat4he Lord m iht. ;baire. -ii his eal. Ab, to R- 1 aepaA0 that at pol sujpqwthoin ootbd he ebot P tinrt II t .and aids "Lot every mansia 6'te Sied ags e wish rtbses whateerlt , t it I religion." More ta th ' La high` Maden lest only to dism S , i the m- Kings In anything that-4e eliev~d b eS kaas is high W etson-r igesu ante anything-that the King sbIultd'eSW I of believe fo the feture time. Wo was not e- only the enemy of conselence, he Wan the Id annihilator of conscience. Beo wsusil4 io or, no man to have a eonisnse. a eaour - eonsciece," he said to Lhebo Mloien I a your lnfrlliblo gaide in all things tbhat e e are o eleieve, and In ll things tl ye he todo; and it any man sets up hi own e0o `is science against me, that man Is utlity Of ad high Leason, 1ad I will stain my'IaI id an his heart's blood." This Is the grat lover iw of order i ..._. Tb. third great element of eidot is -,Vg0c which all mwiey is halal. The great hey-atone of the arch oslf fi t he aseaiys at ase maslugs p.1f e vIe em. Istlm warot em wide that th " e .dadt it ftr QlSt, oaf ha.: Them tf Ge ':th s )mihd 40.3. iLe eso U. e pat bsiqMt." A s4~ m~lI ea. osliSt to 4iva by. the "a esl a deth. No power $c H..vsm - h IF each Iles Is bel -gwdlimis, the .dt d·0s te sare1SRm 0 11r i eapes"o het 5s amstit? h tst ws. thus }w was him fI S e sad Buet s 'hq aed, 7hsle ae w le I. lictL S wM who aw s, L pemd . Mbebi weels~t. 8s werrswd mis wie Tw. rudl8Sd-divrresd i tw*o d .j ssi ea. sd fiee - Paw- sb sd hut wam z'it . no days iL .~ N rwdl _ ohm. AllYlhc~we~~ brim. I sow Is" olIaIyaIM -! w. o d isa ,ýOr :.a. " ssusb ,wla O~UW5m to ulve in EZjsag thep? * o4.gMý , .' lbie .j.ik thei popt. &ýiUbo ems. '$qmsA whth t eye o ,iteb r that pI thhs r5 3. ·s jrua soy bý, Named tbor~4 people . woe i.aua.A repiS m tmsN ofetbeIlew ýs that p pettýýt aai rsput d rviar *t* pb " ýl ·. et~ the IO :~W N S woo tbdpwq ~' yLSI - Ioedar. e te --- dN h* 1 r a-tlr +r of Eire Ziotr pe e!L . .osa iMm PM . thebr " Cpget 'This-)w * vIa. a1e Iie t ib Gert1, it i a l ets e i, ý. "·Ol t · ~Th~- Li ow wbo. _ 't .... e i~w"L rs ; most of i . I A=. s" i 1a Bw or7 MO"O6 Abs ~E ýW f vow rj i sd Ia dsh t 13·erl* braYS inh, eW·Ir~ ulO~ L " is O N·1 1 R1 K M ·rY HI he, wouldrr he sbt5 the d~u~dbfLr etemOto of th Ite LIo to edps ltrna -, 1 ttos flu I rle dbwasost heb inn o. S a foal o .4stib hjLLd hld salmýeiý elam! wasa~,S~1ta t easew. a Og bIsfi it ~mt J1~B -. nd arybe woul be Iable ~ d slsr r u sc~hai rd erect ~ ~ I to-.ars h is al issat lv rr - 4 ba d f i A " i t u . . O t is it. ovmtwf",-Ia ..M..'LI I sr bp4I'5 pmlrw*- a " 6