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The evening bulletin. [volume] (Maysville, Ky.) 1887-1905, November 11, 1887, Image 1

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THE EVENING BULLETIN.
yWM
va
YOIiUME VI.
I
MAYSVmqE, KY., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 11. 1887.
NUMBER SOCK,
THE ANARCHISTS.
History of tlio Hay market Trag
$
edy in Chicago.
(WlUSES OF THE TROUBLE.
Deeds of tho Fatoful Day May
4, 180G.
ABEEST, TMAL A2JD G0IIVI0TI01T.
Jfadgmont of tho Illinois Courts Affirmed
by tlio llation'a Gupromo Tribnnd.
Portraits and Sketches of the Police, tho
Judges, tho Jury, tho Convicted and
Other Interested Puntona Pictures of
die Soono of tho Tragedy, Court Scenes,
Etc Closing Events of tho Drama.
, Lot tern of the Condemned, In Which
Wicy Stttto Their Case.
ANARCHY IN AMERICA.
OON after tlio closo
of tho civil war in
tho United States
immigration, al
ways of no moan
proportion!?, in
oroQBod rapidly.
It was thon tho
American public
first began to hear
much of commun
ism, (socialism and
anarchiim. Inl8S3
tho maximum was
reached when 7S1.093 Europeans landed in
tho United States. Immigration from Eng
land luul declined and that from Ireland
fallon to a minimum; but from southern
Germany thoro was an itnmc:uo incrooso,
vrliilo'castern Europo sont Polos, Bohomions,
Russians! Hungarians and thoir congoncra by
tons of thousands. In many of these pcoplo
hotrod of government had boeomo a heredi
tary sentiment ' Chicago boeamo headquar
ters for tho discontented, and Tho Arboiter
Ecitung (Workers' Journal) thoir organ. Then
qpnnig up in that city tho International
Workingmou's association. Tho jilatform or
declaration of principles of this organization,
aawas tostillod to at tho trial, urged that
"tho proMsnt system uncjer which property is
wnod by individuals should bo destroyed,
end that all capital wliich has boon produced
by labor should bo transformed into com
mon property." Tho association was divi
ded into "groups," of which thoro woro
eighty in tho United Slates in March, 1635,
located principally in tho cities of industry.
lii SSHM
1"BBcMsl SoKs TTTTl mil
soenb ov ran Bonn Tiraowrxa.
Tho Chicago groups woro known as tho
Yprth Sido, tho Northwest Bido, tho Ameri
can,, the Karl Marx, tho Frolhpit, tho South
at Bido and Jefferson No. 1. Schwab,
Wepbo find Lfogg belonged to tho North Sido
njup Eogol ant Piscbor to the Northwest
Sdo, and Spies, Parsons und Ficldon to tho
American. Thoro was also an armed socinl
fetio organization called tho Lohr und "VVohr
Teroin, whoso mombors seem to havo also
l4on mombors of tho Intornational "groups,"
bat to havo been of a higher rank.
Tho Dranch of tho International Working
Ban's association wliich oxistod in Chicago
Airing 1B$5 and up to May 4, 1880, was a com-'picti-woll
disciplined, organization. At tho
kead of it was a gonoral or central commit
tea, Next to Jt camo tho Lohr und TTohr
Vorein. Then camo tho "armed sections" of
m various "groups," and then camo tho un
armed members o tho "groups."
i ii'
JaJllflT BEFORE TriE TRAGEDY.
Tho ovolutiou of tho tragedy was curiously
regular.
First, as has boon shown, theeo mon taught
ridl'66cuilfam. ( Ngrt, thoy organised Idls
onteSworjdngmon Woct mora efficiently
to striked TImj u3Ualtroublo oroso: "scabs"
took the place of striking workmen, thoy
iron attacked by tho strikers, tho polico woro
iUod on for protection and tho inovltablo
vapstion was presented shall wo flghtf Tho
Anarchists, in speech and in Tho Arboiter
Eeltung, vehemontly orged dostructivo
Measures, Thoy exhorted tho strikers to
flgbi both tho "scabs" and tho polico, gavo
fctnuto instructions how to uso nitro-glycorino
end monufacturo bombs, and had "armed
lections" of thoir supporters who drlllod
sightly and woro instructed in tho uso of
kwabfl.
At longth It was boldly announced that tho
Anarchists had 5,000 annod andwoll drilled
(evolutionists in Chicago, and it was proved
ttiat thoy really had 8,000 at this timo, as was
worn to during tho trial. Tho Arboiter Zol
tang and Tho Alarm published many such
centlmonts as theso:
Daggers and revolvers ore easily to bo gotten;
tend grenades ore cheaply to bo pro duced.
Will tho workingmen supply themselves with
weapons, dynamite and Prussia acid?
Tho worklngincn ought to tako aim at every
SBembcr of the militia.
And whilo tho writers acted with what
thoy probably considered caution, tho speak-
era used language
of a very inflam
matory character.
Still, though onoof
tho Chicago papers '
had predicted seri
ous trouble, tho
meetings woro upt,
suppressed. But
Fro do rick Ebor
sold, superintend
ent, and John Bon
Hold, inspector of
polico, wcro well
Y a . ..Tawnrooi inooxien&
lHSrTttof? I BoKilof tho discontent
llnsiojtu &1 and mailo tho mo,-t
elaborate preparations to moot tlio outbreak
when it should coino.
Capt. John Ilonflcld, who assumed Iho respon
sibility ou tlio ulglit of the tragedy, as on tho day
of tlio previous riot, was born In it"0 la Now
liruniwlek, Ills father liclng a County Claro Irish-
ni WMt n-'lvrd In that provl ice. In IPtt t'-
faroilyianvcd to Chicago, where John learned
tho trado of a machinist and afterward became a
loromotlve engineer. In 1877 ho became a pollco
man and rooo rapidly in rank.
Bi'peilntcndent of Polico Frederick J. Eliercold
waj bom In Bavaria in 1611, emigrated to Illinois
In ll7, enlisted In
tho Twelfth Illinois
at 'the outbreak of
tho war, and served
till tlio last Confed
erate hod laid down
his arms. Ho west in
as a corporal end
camo out a captain.
July 0, 1CC7, ho was
first enrolled as a po
liceman, and la Oc
tober, 1CC5, ho was at
tho head cf thu force.
In the army ho was
120 days under Cro
la battlo oreklrmisb.
Tho agitation growing out of tho attempt
to enforce tho eight hour law lod directly to
tho tragedy. As early as May, I'lSl, tho or-,
ganlsod worklngmon of Chicago gavo noiico
that on tho 1st of May, 18S0, tluy would in
sist upon tho general observance of tho law.
It is not necessary to dotail th6 numorous
6trikcs aud occasional riots of tho following
two years in various sections of tho country;
suGlco it, that each ono was eagerly seised
upon by tho anarchists aa fresh proof that
capital was crushing labor.
On April 25, 18b5, tho new board of trado
building was formally oponcd; thcro wsa u
somowbnt riotous popular demonstration
ngainst it, and Ficldon nud Parsons addressed
tho assomblago in languago inoro inflamma
tory than over before In July, 1SS5, thcro
wa3 a general striko of btrcctcar empjca.
Ono riot was oxcited which was only
(fTk y-iffjOt
tr.jB&oi
THE FATEFUL NIGHT.
On tho ovonlng of May 4 about 3,000 pcoplo
MBomblod. Tho managers placed tho wagon
on which tho Bjwakors wcro to stand a littlo
way up Dosplaincs street from tho Ilay
niarket, by-t-'io mouth of -a convenient alloy.
and at a point whoro they could havo a full
viow of tho polloo as tho latter advanced
from their Dosplaines Street station. Mayor
Carter Ilarrison was in tho crowd and ox
pressed soma surpriso at tho mildness of tho
first speakers, Spies and Parsons. Tho crowd
was dlsapiwlntcd, too, and was fast melting
away, when Fieldcn took his stand in tho
wagon. EL" most Intimato English frlcnd3
could not- havo recognized tho mild Metho
dist oxhorter and laboror of other days. His
frenzied declamation oxcited what remained
of thacrowd, and thoir applauco reacted on
him. It wo testified ut tho trial that ho
called for immediate action in these words:
Arml Arm!! Tnrottlonnu 1.111 fio lavl
Then InsrxiPter Uonfield decided to dlspcrso
tho mooting. Seven companies of policemen,
17o men, in platoons reaching from curb to
curb, marched from their station of Dos
plaines street north to tho wagon. A3 thoy
drew near, Fiolden is sworn to havo shouted:
"Ilpro como tho bloodhounds; you do your
duty and I'll do minol"
Capt Ward, of tho polico, called out:
"In tho nnmo of tho pooplo of tho state of
Illlnoh I commaud you to peaceably dls
pcrso I"
Fiolden steppod down from tho wagon ex
claiming: '"Woaro iieaceablol"
It was claimed by tho prosecution that tho
word "poaceablo" was tho signal ugrccd on.
Thoro wa3 dead silenco for' perhaps ton
seconds, tho crowd 6lowly moving o'S and
tho polico standing firm, when a strangr
fizzing sound was heard near tho mouth r
tho alley and thoncoa littlo ball rosoin enrvo
ovor tlio wagon nnd fell between tho eocond
and third companies of polico. Thcro was a
blinding fladi, on oxploslon that was heard
'M.( j) - Vs. j
'"rmp'
HfthSwrfik
BXPLOSIOtC OV BOMB.
lupprossod by tho police with great difflcnltj
In February, 1880, tho workmen at th Mc
Cormick factory struck, and Pinkcrton's
men wcro employed to defend tho proporty,
and thoro was a riot. On May 1, 1660, tho
workingmen of Chicago, with few oxcop
tions, carried out thoir plan of a goneral
striko for on eight hour day. Tho striko -was
woll managed and partially successful On
May S August Spies delivered a fiorco philip
pic against tho non-union men still employed
at tho McCormlck works, and thcro was an
encounter between tho "scabs" und polico on
ono sido and tho strikers on tho other. A
short and terrible fight occurred; sovcrol
mon wcro killed and many more wounded in
various degrees. From tho battlo ground
August Spies hurried to tho ofOco of Tho
Arbeitor Zoitung, wrote and had printed and
distributed the noted revengo circular.
On May 4 thoro was rioting nearly all day
on Bluo, Island avenue, near tho McCormlck
works. Tho First regiment was ordered to
bo in readiness ut its armory and tho ontiro
polico force was kepi in instant readiness.
Tho Arboiter Zoitung of that morning urged
destructivo action, and tho Anarchists wcro
busy among tho strikers all day. Thousands
of copies of tho following notlco were scat
tered through tho city:
ATTKKTIOK,' WOBKIMainUft
Great mass meeting to-night at 7& o'clock at
tho'tlaymarket, Randolph street, between Des
plalnes and Ualsfeod. Good speakers will bo
present to denounce the latest atrocious acts of
the polico tho shooting of our fellow workmen
yesterday afternoon. Workingmen, arm yeur
tclroa and appear In full force'
Tan xEo(mvK Coaurrrcc.
DE3PLA1NE3 8TIUCET STATION BOCTOnfO IW
THIS WOUNDED.
Tho word "Iluho" (German for "Peace")
ollegod to havq boon agreed upon as tho cig
nal for immediate revolution, also appeared
In that number of tho paper.
poucit Vienna,
two miles and a deep prolonged roar, echoing
from tho buildings then appalling screams
and a volloy of pistol shots. Tho smoko
lifted, nnd tho ground appeared covered with
slain but only for an instant Two wholo
companies of polico had boon thrown to tho
ground, of whom one, Matthias J. Degan,
was instantly killed, six mortally wounded
and sixty others hurt in various degrees.
But tho polico rallied at' onco and with tho
firmness and steadiness of veterans, they
sprang forward, emptying thoir revolvors
into tho flying crowd as thoy wont, and fol
lowing their 6hots with thoir clubs thoy
cleared tho street in less than threo minutes
of all savotho doad and wounded. From
alloy, gutter and hallway camo dcop groans
ondcursQj.
Is is estimated that twenty of tho crowd
wcro lulled and about 150 wounded. An An
archist named Kistler was killed by tho
bomb. Besides Officer Dogan, killed outright,
tho policemen who died of their wounds wero
J. J. Barrett, Goorgo Mlllor, Timothy Flani
han, Michael Shoohan, Thomas Redd in and
Neil Hanson. After tho dispersion of tho
mob camo tho saddest pconca of tho occasion.
Tho dead and wounded policemen woro rap
Idly convoyed to th station, tho latter noado
as comfortablo as posslblo and surgeons
callod; but not beforo their wives and near
relatives hurried thcro, for bad news flies
fast Tho tears of eomo, tho Bobs and loud
cries of others, tho groans, tho gashes, the
blood and mangled bodies all theso formed
socno to wring tho hoarts of tho pitiful
Within a, fow weeks Chicago had contributed
70,000 for tho care of tho wounded polico
and tho relief of their families and thoeo of
tho dead.
Tho bomb used is said to havo been of tho
Bamo pattern used to kill tho csar of Russia,
and is very woll shown in iho initial letter
cut of tills account It was mado of compo
sition motil cups fastened together nearly in
tho form of a sphero with a bolt and nut
ARREST TRIAL-CONVICTION.
' On tho day after tho tragedy tho polico de
scended onovory known Anarchist resort in
Chicago and arrested every suspected man;
beforo morning many had boon dragged from
their beds. Evory ono in Tho Arboiter
Zoitung office was arrested: August Spies,
editor in chief; Christ Spies, his brother;
Michael Schwab, associate editor; Mrs. Eliz
abeth May Holmes, editorial contributor;
eighteen printers, two reporters and two
messengers. Rudolph $ohnaubelt, who, it
was aitorwara
claimed, throw; tho
bomb, was among
thoso arrested, but
tho avidenoo
against him was
not deemed mifl
dont to hold him
and ho was re
leased. Ho imme
diately left Ameri
ca and Ls now sup-,
posed' to bo in Uer
mnny. Adulph
Fischor was pno'of
tho printers, and on v
his person whon ar- mfooiVju c,ui
rested mm finiml 'V "'' ?l-nl
a 44-calIber iwolvor nnd a peculiar knife
mado from a flat Ola, All wero relcnwU af
ter tho inquest except Schwab, Fischer nnd
August Spies, Tlip condomnod nnd somo
.others woro hold without bail May 17, tho
Brand jury mot and listonod to a churgo by
tho latb Judgo Rogers; on tho 27th" thoy
handed in iudictmoata against tho men slnco
condemned and Anton nirschburgcr and
John Apol besides. On making up his case
tho prosecutor nollied tho indlctmonts
igalnsi tho last two, tho ovidenco being in
sufilclont On tho Slst'of June tho trial be
gan beforo Judgo Gory, jfrrco weeks and
threo day3 wero consumed in making up a
jury; 1,231 talesmen wcro examined, both
sides exhausting every power tho law gavo
them. Tho nancs of tho jury wero as. fol
lows: Tra'ik 0. Csbornc, foreman; Junes n. Coin,
Scott O. nand.,11 Theodore E. Dcikvr, Charles IX
Toill, AnUrjw Hamilton, Charles A. Ludwi-,
Jaraci II. Cray I n, Alaaso.i II. need, John B.
Greater, Corgi' V. Adams, Howard T. Ganford.
Tho trbl kotod from July IB to Aug. CO in
cluslvo ri.l attracted tho attention of tho
civilized world scarcely moro Ly tho impor
tance of tho issues than by tho abilities of
tho counsel. On behalf of tho ctato appeared
States Attorney Julius S. Crinnoll, cccicted
by Meseri Frank Valucr, EJraund Furth
rnan ar..l Ccore C. Inghai; for tho accused,
Capt W. P. Lb.ch, Moses Calomon, X7. A.
Foster and Sigmund Zclsler. Tho jury
accounts of tho case, provided bo makes onik
that his opinion is not such as could not to i
overthrown by ovidenco. Tho question o
tho taking of a letter without warrant froM
Spies' desk was also brought up. . i .
xno supremo court or. tno uniteu
.rendered its decision on tho 2d of November,
holding, in briof, that the jury law of DllaoUi
does not contra veno any provision of tho n.
ttecal constitution, and that tho question aa
to whether tho state constitution and laws
had been strictly observed was. ono for th
stato courts ulono. Tho court confinod itoolf
very strictly to tho caso beforo it, entering rf
Into tho general questions raised only co far
as absolutely necessary. But two points,
therefore, wcro passed upon in regard to th
unondmonts. Tho court hold that tho first
ton amendments limit tho powers of tho Fed
eral government, wot tho powers of a stato
over its citizens; and that tho Fourteenth
unendmeut hr.s not changed tho rulo in thai
respect In all otter matters tho court hold
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RUPnEME COURT ILLINOIS.
etructionof tho two sections in tho revised
statutes of Illinois (chapter 88, div. 2, sections
S and S), which abolish the previous distinc
tion between principal and accessor, and
provido that any ono who, "not being pros
sent, hath advised, encouraged, aided or
abetted, shall bo considered as
principal nnd may bo punished as
such, whothor tho principal is convicted or
not" On tho 14th of September tho coyrt
rendered on opinion, which fills twenty-ono
closoly printed columns, and is an exhaustive
exposition of tho law, fully confirming tho
decision of tho court below. And so tho pris
oners' wcro sentenced to bo banged on the
11th of November, 1887, Another hopo ro
malned. Gen. Roger A. Pryor, Gen. Benja
min F.Butlcrand Hon. Randolph Tucker wero
employed as experts In constitutional law,
and on appeal mado to tho supremo court of
tho United States, tlio chief ullogation being
that tho accused had not boon tried by an
"impartlcl jury," as required by tho national
constitution. Tho revised .statutes of Dllnols
permit tho choioo of a juryman who has
formed an opinion from reading newspaper
1?? JTk.9 ,?ffi.
AnrwiTT-i-i &t,i '
THE TBIAU
retired at 8:30 p. m., und at 10 a. m. next
day, Aug. 20, returned ,a verdict of guilty
agiinst all tho defendant-, with a cciitcnco of
fifteen years In tho ponitontlary for Oscar
Neobe, nnd death for tho other lovco.
Tho trial began and ended with sensations.
On Iho fiist day A. R. Parsons, who had
Escaped nnd been in hiding, walked into the
Murtrooin, mmounccd lm voluntary sur
onder an il took hisplaco In tho dockwifh
his friends. At tho closo, when asked by tho
court if thoy had aught to say why sentence
of death should, not bo pronounced, thoy all
mado long addresses, those of Parsons and
Ficldon being tho best That of Spies con
sisted of pleading and dcflanco, reasoning on
liberty and quotations from Scripture. In
tho couroo of his remarks ho spoko of Christ
as a Socialist Schwab and Nccbo gavo ar
guments against tho regularity of tho trial.
Fiolden oxcited somo astonishment by say
ing: "Tho great Socialist, Jesus Christ, said
1,900 years ugo; 'Better that ninoty-nino
guilty incn should go unpunished than that
ono innocent man should suffer."1 Judgo
Gary then bcnteuced tho seven men to be
hanged.
APPEALS TO HIGHER COURTS.
Tho usual application for a now trial was
filed and tho entire method of tho trial re
argued for several days. Tho application be
ing refused, an appeal was taken to tho
supremo court of Illinois, and onco moro tho
wholo caso was thoroughly argued. It is
needless to dotail tho legal steps; suffice it
that so much timo was consumed that the
caso did not reach tho supremo court till
March 17, 18S7. Then Messrs. Grinncll,
Walker, Ingham and Attorney General
Hunt, for tho ctato, and Messrs. Black, Salo
mon, Zcisler and Leonard Swett, for tho do
fenso, discussed tho issues as to whether tho
court below had erred, whether tho Anar
chists had been logally condomnod to death
for mere conspiracy, whether tho jury was
properly constituted and many others.
Tho weight of argument beforo tho
mipremo court turned upon tho proper con
"ssssasaeasjaa
FltOSECUTONO ATTORNEYS.
that it hrs no jurisdiction, as tho questions
as to violating tho national constitution were
not raised or arguod in tho Ellnols court.
Therefore, a writ of error could not Issue
Of tho varlouT appeals and petitions and
meetings protecting against tho oxocution of
tho Anarchists wo havo not room to speak at
length. Spies and
Parson3havo writ
tou autobiog
raphies, and tho
condomncd mon,
their families and
Mica Nina Van
Zandt, who rnar
riod Spiea by
proxy, havo been
tho objects of gen
eral nttontion
slnco tho tragedy.
Dusky Mrs. Par
sons, who has
worked so hard (
lor ucr uusuanus CUr r l ,,-'0P
lifo, has become " "f (ook foJitfy
in many cities by reason of her 6poeche3 in
his behalf. Mrs. Schuaubclt, mother of th
alleged bomb thrower, nnd Mrs. Schwab, her.
daughter, wcro recently brought into special
.prominence by reason of tho elder lady's visit
to America and tho rumor that sho had
brought with her a full statement of tho
facts in tho caso from her son. Spies, Ficldca
and Schwab finally signed petitions for
commutation. All thtto things can only
bo alluded to here. Among othor cuts wo
give a portrait of Sheriff Mathon, of Cook
county, Ills., who, by virtue of his ofUco, baa
charge of all executions in Chicago.
THE CONDEMNED MEN.
Brief biogmphical 6kotchea of tho oos
demncd are h era given :
August Theodore Vincent Spies (pronounced
8pees)is credited with being tho brains of th'
movement. Ilu has given his experience In am'
autobiography which Is regarded as tho work ot
a genius by his friends, and as "eloquent insanity
In print" jy those who are opposed to him. n
was boru Deo. 10, 1853. in the "old robbers costla
i iC-T i! hr
COUNSEL VOn DEFENSE.
of lAndeck," central Germany; ono of his early
playthings was nn old torture rack with whlctt
the nobles used to extort money from Jews' of
"regulate'' the peasants, and his favorito haunt
In childhood was ou tho edge of a deep ch&snt
Into which tho robber barons used to throw 'tho
pretty girls of the village" whom they had 'kid
naped and of whom they had tired. Thcro h
grew up, and thenco he camo to America to teach
the Anarchlstlo doctrine, reaching tho new worU.
In 1673 and Chicago a year later. Thcro h
worked as an upholsterer for a number of ye an.
Eo first showed an Interest In tho theories of
Socialism In 1675, and In 1677 joined himself to the)
Lehr und Wehr-Vereln. lie was attached toThfc
Arbelter Zeitung fn 1600 and succeeded Paul
Grottkau as editor in chief in 1B8I. Everybody
remembers tho attachment that sprung up bo
tween him and Miss Nina Van Zandt during tho
trial, and which resulted in their marriage "by
proxy." !
Samuel FielJen was born In Todmordcn, Lan
cashire, England, In 18-IJ. Ho grew up to be
laborer and a Methodist field preacher. IntlSGS
h como to America, and soon located In Chicago,
where he joined the Liberal league In 1C60; thoro
ho met Spies and Parsons, and thereafter grew
rapidly into anarchlal views. Bare him and Par
ons, all the condemned are Germans.
Albert R. Parsons Is tho only native America
among the condemned men. Born In Alabama
In 1643 and early loft an orphan, ho wns reared
by his brother, who was afterwards the noted
Confederate general, W. It. Parsons, lie served
In tho Confederate artillery when but 14 yearn
old; but after the war lie becamo a Repub
lican, rnd in 1872 married a woman "suspected
of ur rjng negro blood In her relus," for which
bis brother disowned him. Before this he had
been first a printer on Tho Galveston (Tex.) Nowa
and late editor of The Waco (Tex.) Spectator.
Because of this marriago he waa obliged to leaw
Texas, and locating la Chicago ho worked la
various printing ofOccs, but after a timo becamo
a professional labor agitator; was at ono time
master workman of District Assembly S3 1, Knights
of Labor, and was president of the irodes as
sembly for throo years. Ho was nominated for
tho presidency by tho Socialists party In 1680, but
declined, as ho was not then, S3 years of age. la

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