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. ' "- - . :'fy A-y A A k A A. A A. ":J". 'i" J - i ... ... ... . fl - HATES A X. 1 PliW. PEACE. GOOD WILL, AND PROSPERITY TO A LI. MANKIND." TFKIS-M 4tVtir,UKiMt. XUMBEtt 7. VOLUME 31, PASCAGOULA, MISSISSIPPI, FRIDAY, MAY 0, 1881. ; v - -.. -i V r A 1IGA1 QUESTION. .. ruber om the ech ftaal , at tke Bar." Ingtaad. tfc ! aoorre AaseneeB ,w (Mint. Joet bow, U "ah-lag , loaf Bigkt. apo e,eetW velviaf PrUttt priaciple of Urn aad to u .mbracd in tke above beadiag: IVtlh B"tk It j stated, la a lediirrOa law karnal, to-will th Alb 1 , tkal lb Loadoa X Vmmmj t -i ioeidaat U the BrUtol eooaty rMrt, rsis a quMtioa whleU w thlak ia rf the almost BjosMBt to the bench aad Ik. bar. A eoa of the judge appeared a csal bsfor bin, aad too aoaoeet aa lb. thr iida dcliarf to f oa itk tba m, i !''. fiad aloaa. W, (hiuk Ika Jud waa wroaf'U ar fMiUl th bia Up ld ia aaj him taMMHaUUkia." Alto Ikrt tka Load law Joarmat, la wamwUof ppoa tka aaata iaoidMt, la lb I'ntUd 8Utaa, Uia iaipjaiaUa kMUk.nasdaap a hold that aa ottq im Ktoall; ka aiada to praaotuaa a it(kwdiwiaUad oa tbo ftwind of iator wt, to try a eaaaa la wkkk klaaoa ia aa .(td m eounaU." Tb. AlUnj U wraat, commaating apoa tho pracUca which gao rim to tho Im-Mrut ta tha DrUtal eoaoty coort, log UbX, and moot emphatically condemning tb nr.ctic. of Ulhara prewdiuf ia caM it wbick their aoua aro eouiiMl, gaoling larrrlr from tha aaid Kagliib jirnal, mji: "Bth jooroaU, (tho Lowtoa Urn I MM uJ tbo Loudoa liaw Jnl) agroa in tbo eonoluoioa that tha coaataat prae Ik of fatbera preaiding ia oaaes ia which taair moi aro eouuacl ia highly tupmpor." T. ay that a barrio tor boukl uovor ap pur ia aooart prcaidod by hia father, noy he aaraaaauabla, bat wo maot eai photically eondeuia tn ptactico of bar rut.rt adopting a eoart ia which to prac tice, ovr which tboir fathera da prraido, vr may preoido aloaa." Tail w tbo del i borate thoagkcaatioaily aiprroMd opiatoa of oionl legal au Uwritr ol t.naiaaa, waora 11 baa (Tor beta alaioat aa adago that a Jadga, like tb king, "can do ao wrong. And tbo puailiea of thoaa aaMaeal Knglioh aotber itie. upon tho aiorita mt tha ioao iaolved la the BfUtoi eewat eMit, Baglaad, ia omUraed by tha leadiag law Joaraalo ia lb. United atatoa. la the laiood liatra, tho current of public wotiweot ia toaernaco to thoeo la autbority, aad aivra aapocially ia reference to natter aad principle pertaiaiug to me juuiciai ueponoHint ui mo jeTera nmt, i qultadifferoat to tbatoatortalnrd in Kuglaad. la thia eoaatry, it i lb irTlnt aentimeat mt tha people, with wboa, and ia whoat all power, political ly, i lodged, that tha blKheat tanction arie la tb oororaiaoat may err In tb tliechargo of their official dutr. and hone th conititutioa ; bo United Mtaara ha limited the oSvlal tana of the president, th higheal ofBco ia tho gorernaieat, to fuf year, ao that, if tho preaidant (bould prove anfaithful to bia trout, or wanting in capacity, ha aiay ba retired at tho and of hia term, by tho people, who have in all thing, politically, aaproma authority ia th goTornateat. - ia tho Unitod Statea, tha Jadgea, Ilk all other fuactionarioa, are Amenable to Ike people for their oMoial eondact. Tho Judge of the rapreai court of tho United But, though appointed for life, or dur ing good behaTior, arr, norrrlbelea, cub ject ta Impeacbment, and to ba rcmored from office. " Honoaty ia tbe best policy," and whea an officer prove himaelf to be dibonet, and corrupt, It Ii the right, and th duty, not to aay policy of the people, tn r.mor. him Irom office, la tho way prorided by the eonatitntion. There can bo no good government in a State in which tbe people hold a Inooe rein apoa tbo eondact ot mea who bar bea eboaen, for a time, to admiuiator the Uw. Corruption, in high placoa, i th baua of all govern men ta, aad tha hlatory of all civilized nation proves that mis rule in government, haa generally had it origin in tha arbitrary rulinga, and, 1 aiigbt aay, eorruptiea of tho jatlgea. Probably no department of a repnlill can govemmont ia ao corrnpt, and cor mpting, fa it arbitrary rulings, a th Judiciary ; and mora especially, this ia tha aa in a State wboro tha Jadgea arc aot elected by tbe people, nor directly amena ble to tho neonlo ibr their eondact in ofloe. The Jadgea ara token from the list of practicing lawyera, aad it baa never oooa a prevalent idea with tho naoala of thia uuntry that Lawyers, as class, ara mora heuest, and mora eonaeieutioua ia tha die cbarga of official duty thaa ara other claue at eitiaeua: aa farmer, atechanica, and tradssatsB. Tha education, lecallt. and business oi tho lawyer ara ia oonflict iiu me aue administration oi tn law. The end of tha law ia, eartaia jNHWsAaual ior its TioUtion. "Ct mm m mumm, whu ai oanai jMrwniiai ViolaUona of e law are pnniahod, that other, know- '"a no penalty, may be defrrwt rrom committina the wu or nth.r aftenosa. Tha hosinosa of tha practicing lawyer, 'jry oftea, ia to prevent the punioha.nt . of violaurs of tbo law, aad to ton them llMM Bvwia Km Mmndif HHnni. itbed, and, in eonsentwnoo of their ao quittal, ancoaragod, .Jhsr, to go aad , . ounmii i bo same, or i.iilar, aad svsa a greater offense. And it to to bo regretted tost annua ti.. V , save had mock praatiaa la tha dataaaa of ...uuuais, ara not vary aerapaloaa as to he maana, ueeoasary to ba employed to ffect aa acqaittal of their alionla. Ce win BOaTor, there ara many hoaor hla exceptions to this cbarga ef prone- w tha profcanioa to paaa tha baaoda proiessionsl doty, m tbia respect. fat, as tha Chriatiaa la aasd to grow ba V by aa apright walk aad a godly onvorsntlon, ao may tho Lawyer, by aa wlkt Md mach aarightaeua ' fow and harden ia sin, Md become (allons to tha com mission ef arlmo, nnea we may maaonably sanpos that ,W.J'!,,, aay tha least ollt, are a liable l. i , m 7 nm tbe pah of propriety ,?l ,n; profrsoioaal doty, aa aay other r f oitiaeas, and that Matt, having Men traasfsrrad from the bar to tha "jnch, without aay special Intorpoaitioa V, Vi m ProridoBca, Vthe regeneration aim !,r mrt nd ',nd' aubjeoi, "II. to tba am human frailtwa-prrjo- dice, partiality, and bum to lawvers sad sll eta a. Tha Jadcoa aad cbaaeellera ara takes from the bar, aad heaea it may aot bo elaint4 that tha beach ia (roar frees rer rapuoa thaa ia tha bar. Tba plaeiag ef th jadgo apoa the hoach. froaa tha bare at tha bar. does aot auks hist more capable, mora haaaot, or aaore eoa aeioatiosia, thaa ha waa whoa at tha bar. Tha Cthoopua aaaaot change bia arm, aor eaa ae imp ara aisp.se ita aia Bat, aot to soetisa thia eaa ef th aahject further, let me revert to the anh- Ject of tbia eommnaieetioav -TBaa oa thi bckcm a aoua at TNI Baa." Tha abject ef thia eommualeatio ia to bring thia sabioct fairly aaft fkdlp to tbe Betace or taa legal profsM, aad to th people oi taa lute. It ia a oaUWt at mack tasportoaoe to tba legal atjalsawoa, to lULgaata, aad to every ejtieaai ot th Bute. It la a mooted e nestle with Lawyers ef Af issisaippi, w he titer or aot the law ef the State, as it is, by ila hna, or by ita eptnt, oatledoa a iadge of the eireait court, and a chaaoallor arom proaidlai ia a esse, and aivint Jadamoat, ia which bia miker. brother, or aea or Indeed, aay ether Bear relative ia eeaaeel ia the case. The prin ciple Involved ia ef aa maeh importseee that It ia aemowkat atraair that the oattar of oar eaaatitatioae, aad ef ear atotota law nave for ao mat a time leR the mat ter ia doubt. The oonstitatioa of 1832, pat the dieqaelificatio ef a Jadgo and shaaoollor to preside ia a , apoa the loiiowiag groarMs : -Ko JudM shall ait oa tha trial oi anv aauae, wha tho parties, ef either ef them shall ba ewnneeted with him by affinity er consanguinity, or whea he maj be in terested in tba same." Afark tho word "intonated. And tho Code of 1867 pats the diaqnaliflcatioa of a Judge aad caaa oellor apoa the grounds of "late rest er other ran." Tba preeoat eeaetltatiea, that af leW. article 6, aoctioa 9, eon tain tha earn provkuoa. oaeehw. The code ot 171. aoctioa M6. ants tha disqualification of a "Jadgo" to preside in a caaa, upon ID greand of "ia teres t he froi e," and tna "eaaaeeuor." "whea he may be related to either party. by aaoait or consanguinity, wtta the siath deairee, er shalfbava bee oeaaanl fur either party, er be interested in tha reeuiiei lueeuii. as to ia aisqnaiin catlo ef ahaaeeller, aa aoctioa 94 ef The proseat statute, that ef 1880, tion KITO, snakes this prevuuoa t "Xe Judaa. shanoollor or Jaatiea of tha peeee, shall sit ia any aeose ia which ha Is directly interested, or related to either party wlthia tba nana degree, eompatod by the rale af the civil law, ot ia which h baa been of eeaaarl, without the con sent ef the parti entered af record." Thaa It ia aaaa that tha latter of tbe law ef the State, a aaaa hi the eoaetita tleaa aad the statutes, haa booai very oat- fmrn in provisions apoa thia auejeet through a loag eoano of veer, The oonstitatioa and statute of the State have, aa we sea, placed the disqualifica tion of Judges and ehaacallora, upon three ground, distinet in their meaning and application, to-wit: Relationship to either of tho parties; havlag beau counsel for either of thepertieto the eait) and inlerwt ia tho result of tbo suit. Upon th two croand first mentioned. tba law ia explicit i relationship to either of the "parties," and haviug boeu ooun sot for either party. Disqualification no on tha ground of 'Interest," w what is thonaht by some, ia latl in doabt by tbe plain letter of tbe law. Bat, that a, Judge, er ehaaesllor, who haa a aa ao. gaged as counsel in a suit, is aiaqaaitnod to preside aad give Jadgmeut ia that par ticular salt, apoa tha ground of aaavwrl in the suit, IA law is, I thiuk there can not bo, apoa Jost principlea, and that there .bould But bo, any doabt. I enppose that M ississippi is one ef tho 8tatea to which the London Lam Jtmnmt baa rsferenco, when it saye that, "la tha Unitod Btatee the impremien haa taken to deep a bold that an attempt has actu ally been made to prononneo a father dis qualified oa the ground of interest, ta try a can so in wnicn a is so ia engaged as counsel." In the instance referred to by tha Lea- don law Jeanta', the counsel waa au indig nant at tha great impropriety, aa be thought, of tha Judge In preaiding ia a caaa in which hia son waa coup eel, that ho refused to go on with tba ease. ' If that be tbe sentiment of the bar ef Eng land, where the Judicial robe hi regarded aa a sacred vestment, what aboald it be, and what will be the sentiment in this conntrv. at bo distant time, where tha Judge baa aa special ebaraotor for purity. and lor conscientious aisaaarge oi emciai dnty, above ether eaWa of the State, ia ether department of tha government t Tbe law ot Mississippi, by ita letter, disqualifies a Jadge er ohaueellor, af Jus tice ot the peace, to ait aad try a eaa in which he ia mantled ia tbe reoultof the suit. The whole thiag, therefore, may ba aarrowod dowa to this eiajpre, isolated Ciat that of "latere." Then, it may well to inquire when ia a Judge inter ested, and in what way, er way, may ha be Interected io a tuitf I annpoae tbe framera of th constitution, aad the statute law ased tha perfect participle, "Inter ested" in Ha anal eenee and acceptation. It has no technical application, aor legal eenee, different from ita ordinary meaning aad nee. Jnmrart maaaa, simply, aa th standard author define It, "eoneera" "anilely" "IateresWd" "having sn in terest." If, therefore, a caee eheuld com before a Jadg for trial, and he shoald be more aminos for oae party to tacooed thaa tbe other, he would be diaqnalited by the latter, not to aay the narit ef the law to preside ia the eaa aad give Jadg moat. This ia mora clearly ao ia tba ease of a eksneellor who deoidea tho ease, ap oa ita merits, without the intervention of a Jury, but according to Ait osMoa of ita XMI"J I w- TV " W hy feelings, er a tenet, 1 various way. A Jadg may be "Interested" in a snlt ia several waa. Ha may be Interested as a Kite-ant. oleiotlffor defendant : or, as hav ing been counsel for one of the parties, litigating ( er, as being related to on of the parties litigating; er, aa being closely rsfeM to tba esaasM oi one oi wio varu-i litigating. Ia all of the aappoeed ia etaaeee, tb Judge weald be disqualified to preside ia the suit; aad the moot eb intinn.hu of ell tba dlaaaalifieatieaa mentlouod, b the oae where sea Ik Jmdft it eMl is Uw ssm. , , r To nin.trsta this mere sleanT. let aaaeeoe that, in the eeae at Jean voe agslnst Kichard Beet in the ahaaeery awart, Doe haa filed hi bill to tattle the title sn a lam and valuable treat of wad. eleimed, also, by tha said Bee. Doe baa employed tbe tea of the chancellor to bring hit tnit, and eonlraete wtth bim to give bim, a a frs for hia legal ttrvitee, aAe(ref the lead, provided k soeceed. ia esteMUaing ia the said Doe. a tUU thereea. The laad ia routreversy is worth, say, tosnr, ttiimeed aVUero tho attoraey't oa AsViaterest boiag am mss.sod dollars. if bo be taoeeasfal ia tha ssit. Now. kt me aea aay ratelligoat man, ia not tho taaaeeUer "ietorestod" ia thia aait t If he io, then, thai w aa ed of th arriimont If the chaaeellor'a a he a "party" coapleiunnt or defendant, ia a suit ia which there la ffli dollars, only, ravolvsd ia the issee, thoa, by tho fern- of the law the lather (hall aot preside, apoa tho groead, tappoeed, of ia (reset. The law presauMa that the father ia interested ia tho iaterest ef hie oa. Tbe Albaay (Maw Tark Uw carnal gives ear risnn why a JuMrr aboald aot aroaiai aad gtv yadgnrsatt a aalt la whieh hit ss ie oaaasl : L "That the father will, aeoaarraasly, It may be, be biased ia favor of his sen. t, "That the father and lades may do his aea" elieat InJaatwe from the fear af each fetes. 1. "l'hatajadgewinalwaytbepresnmed hy the popnlaco to lea ia favor of hia aoa. 4. -That th aea will get baelaeet from ta. roreoerlhleprssamptio.' The lesrth af thio remmaaicatioa, al reedy, arevoata farther eonsideratioa of tho subject, a tia lima ; t I rrapecttul ly Kfet to tho lenl profeoaina of Mis- siauippi, the propriety of bringing tbia qaestioa to the notice of tho suprsm court f the mate, ta a rase made, and asnt np to that court for ita decision, up ea thia point alone, and should there not be decision of tho supreme court sjfalost tha nrsctlce alluded to. noon tbo low at is, than, I would iavok the legislature of tbe Btate to enact a law aipreaily and positively prohibiting the corrupt aad eorruptiag practice of fatbera presiding as jLds ia caaea la which tbeir aoas ara eonnsel. There are more thaa ono dis trict in tbe State, it it said, la which there is a lf o the beach and a sea at th bar; and tha impropriety of tbo thing, to aaa a mild term, haa become ao moajWt, ao eofovtoef, aad ao much the nbjnt of eommeat, that further forbearance has eoeeed to be a virtue. CItikh. XOSSISSIPPL rolitlcal Views f the Cotrdltlwn f th SdiaUi-lntelllKeiit Am wen to Jaejiiiries Drom tbe Hertm. The Aasericaa. In thfl i4ieTtexiM for Fcbmary 5, we ttubllabed tha fl rat i usUl men t of a aeries of lottera trooi rJou titers hieu is review of tbe Southern political itaation.witb refrrence to national flairs. These Utters were elicited by questions In writing, with the solo object of bringing about s belter understanding: between North and Sosth, to tbo end that national onity may bo promoted through tbe obliteration of sec tional lines. We close tbo discus sion ot MiMsiaaippi with tbe letter of Mr. Walthall. Mr. W. T. Walthall is South erner who is well known in all parts of the South, and is by no menus a atratiger to tho men of tbe North, tie is a native of Virginix, ami fur uauy years, both before ami since the war, bas been sctirely engaged in Josrualiam, chiefly iu Mobile, lie served In the Confederate sriny thmurhont the contest, first aa lieuteuaat sod captain of iufantry, aad afterward ss ami main auju tsnt General, with the rank ot Ma jor, lie began life as a Stats's rights whig, bat anitea witn me democrats when the whig party was merged in the know-nothing organisation. He bas nerer aban doned bis advocacy or atattfa rights, which bs believes to be the fundamental doctrine of American politics. lie is tbe sntbor ot sev eral publishes! addresses nud ora tions, of s number ot articles in the America Encyclopedia, and of con tributions on a variety ot subjects to reviews and laagasinea. lie bas never bad any public office, eicept that of suri ut enden t of ed ncation, and has never been candidate. He has always beeu very active in nmitint.ino' nasUUKa to check Vel- low fever whenever it has appeared, and has been presented with two gold medals for bis services iu thia regsrd. He is an intimate friend qt Mr. Jefferaon Davis, and bas rendered Mr. Davis much valuable assistance in the preparation of tbe first volume ot bis forthcoming work. Br.AU vote, bliss., Jan . 15, Wl. Ta the Editor ef Ibe American : flir: Other euraffeuenta and ill- aaaa have concurred to hinder the earlier reply to your letter of the 18th ult which tbe interest or its subject and the courteny ot its terms wonia suite nave prompieu. Rnfora attemDtinc to answer sert- sttst the quss'iens, jost pardon me the "expression of some doubt or dissent as to the gronnd on which tbey sre sasea sua tne purpose proposed ss tbeir object, vis., ' to do sway with that bar to the high est national political proerity, . .. - n at m known aa tne asoiia Bonio." - I confess myself utterly nnsble a. onnrweUta tha force of tne oo- jeotions to a solid South," MtueK, either so grenntis oi iwoi or oi pnu iila. An retards a clearly de fined political issue, there sre bnt tbreS possisis alternatives ior iu aannla far the Southern ss well as iw tbnait of the Northern States. They msy be right; tbey may be wrong or tuey may oe Mtniy eiaht and tiartlv WroniT. If right. the more totidlp right tbe better; it wnnU acsreefv be commendable tp ubaiigs irom right to wrong for the sake of s dissolution of una nimity and tbe creation ot division. If wroug, a change to tbe right would, unquestionably, be desirable- -not becanse tbey are " solid," but because) tbey are wrung; in deed, they ought to be solid on ths other side. The only ground to which an objection to solidity, ss such, can be tenable, would be the assumption that It ia better for a people to bo divided part in the right sud part in the wrong, tbsn to be either wholly wrong which may be true, or wholly right which is absurd. I am well aware ot, tb dangers sad evils irrcsiiectiye of any con siderations of abstract right or truth of ttetional divisions lit poli tics, and presume that s vague aad nntJeflned sense of this is the basis ot ths cavil against solUlily j but it is not so easy to perceive why iSmifAern solidity should be the ex clusive, or even tbe primary, object of dread or deprecatiou. It there was, in the sttitude of the South, or tbe . principles on which she is suppoxed to be united, anything threatening the safety or welfare of tbe North, or tbe coun try in geuerul, the ground for ap prehension might be intelligible. JJut 1 presume no intelligent and caadid iierson, of whatever Kliti cal views, would' claim that there is, or bas been for some years past, any urK)se of aggression, on the part of tho Month, with regard to ths rights or interest of any other part ot the Union. We have, It is true, heard much ot alleged peril to " ths results of tbe war." If I righly apprehend what ure claimed ss tbe results of tbe war, they are all readily reduci ble to two: (1) the abolition of Afri can slavery, nud (2) the establish ment ot the paramount sutbonty of the central government, and the sbrogatlou of Stats sovereignty, with its direct corollary, the right of secession. With regard, to slavery only the densest and most iguoraut fanaticism could imagine that tho idea of its revival lu any shape now exists in tbo South. Many, ot us (among whom ia the writer or this letter), were In prin ciple always opposed to it. Others thought diftereutly, and approved of it as an exis'ing institution; but, now that it bas been abolished, uo suue man would have it re estab lished, even if it were practicable. As to State sovereignty, if it haa oet been effectually extinguished bovond all hope ot reusscrtiou or resiiHcitutioii, the fault is certainly not I hat ot the Soutb. uurmg the process of wh.it was termed re construction, in the years imme diately following the war, tho ma jority ot the Southern States were merely prtanive spectators, without representation or participation in the government of the Union. That government was entirely in the hands of the North, and the North was coutrolled by tho republican party. If the Constitution was not so amended as to. secure the prin ciple of centralization, and to pre clude any future tjSSsertioti of the sovereignty of tbe State, it was not on account of Southern opposition or recalcitrance. The South was altogether powerless to resist what was done during that period by the dominant section, under control ot the dominant party, even if she had been disposed; and certainly uo disposition to undo it has been msnifested since, . But if, whether purposely or from neglect or indifference, the old controversy between State rights and centralism has beeu left still nnsettledtit is now certainly not s teetUiiMl controversy. It was such iu 1830 only from Ita associa tion with tbe tai-if question, snd iu 1800 witb that of? slavery in tbe territories. These were sectional qnestions; but ths former has long caused to be operative, as snch, and .the latter ims oeoouie utterly extinct. The South haa do more Interest in the maintenance or State rights than the North ; and if there is any likelihood or a future claim ot the right of secession, there is less reason to look tor It lu the South than in New England (where it waa first asserted), or on tbe distant shores ot the Paoiflo. The clamor against the "solid South" is therelore alike unwar ranted by any spirit of sectional aggression, or by any peril to the legitimate M results of the war." In potency ss A partisan war cry is nmleniable tbe more unreason able, tbe more potent, perhaps. Its appeal is not te reason, but to the unreasoning passions ot the multi tudeespecially to two passions, which sre si ways powerful wheu combined fear, and sectional and sectarian snimssity. In respect to substantial merit or dignity it stands, as seems to me. nnm a level with the cry of Well-Poison-aral" which animated certain me- diwval nerseaution of the Jews, or that of MNo Popery F in the George Gordon riots in London, a uunareu vMitr airo. a a 7. " Has the time come, or is it near, when Ibe white people of your Stste seek affitutiea with new par ties r Tbe principles and objects of the sew parties must be defined be fore an intelligent auswer eau be given. A political party must have, or ought to have, a raisoa d'efre in tbe convictions ot Its members as to certain principles, or as to the application of principles to ques tions arising in the course of pub lie events. If the people are gen erally agreed as to these, there is no oceaeion for parties, Snch was actually the case st one period of our history that ot the second torn of Monroe's admijiUiUation when the whole country was "olid," and nocotnplaint was made of it, nor did any harm ensue. Whea dif ferences arise, psrtias sre formed aot ar bitarily, nor for the sake of divisions not aa duiputante ars divided in debatinc so cieties or players in a (sms of base ball, hut aa a natural outgrowth of a diversity bl conviction. These convictions are, uo doubt, much influenced by men's euoilict ing iuterrsts and passion, and prejudices bat yet tha theoretical basis the enly actual basis on which a party can be con stituted, to possraa any moral fores or vi tality is still conviction ami principle, whether right or wrong. I ran not under stand, therefore, the proposition to create new parties merely for the purpose of di viding or destroying ths old ours. It U not ouly illoeirsl, but impracticable. I ao not believe that the white people of the South ere inllneuced by any blind or liiperstitiou attachment to existing party organisations. Agresmenl in gen eral priucipleo and tbe iuetiuct of self delsuse have hitherto united them in ad herence to the deinocrstie party, but in ease new Issues should load to the forma tion ef new parties, it is preanmsble thst they would conform to the changvs of cir cumstances. If the meaning of the In quiry is to ask whether they would diridV among new parties, it is impossible to an swer it without any knowledge of tho is sues en which the new are to bo organ ised. Thore are questions, those relating to flnance and currency, for example, on which there is great diversity of opinion in the South. Should these become the leading qnention at issue, I prmnme there would be much division among ns, and ths set aoirs of Hoathern solidity might disappear; bnt this would result from uif forencee of conviction not from division for it own sake. B. M What have been the en or In the treatment of tha South by the Northern power V A full answer to this question would cover a vast Held. It would require a re view of the history of the last sixteen yesrs. I caunot attempt It, but will msre Iv indicate what Icoaoeive to have been the primary and radical error, from which all the others have sprung. At tbe close of tha wsr, two lines of policy were open to tho North, either of which might have been adopted and prosecuted, at least with consistency. Tbe subjugated Statoe might have been re garded aa conquered provinces, aad gov erned aa snch at tbe pleasure of the cou nuerer, avowedly, and without disguise or the pivtono ot any ether theory. No op position (I thiuk,) would hsvsbeen made to this, certainly, no resistance could have been made. All that could have hewn asked would have been thai tbe laws and nsuires of conquest acknowl edged by civilised nations shonld be ap plied, and that tbe personal rights and private property of the vanquished should be respected. The difficulty with regard to this theory was tbst it would imply an acknowledgment that tbe leoeotioo of the Southern 8tat.ee had been a fail aenmpli, sud that they bad actually been "out of .i . .T.-t H - ... l.i..l. , ..1m. Ik. in UUIOU, wuiuu, R wsr, t ie governme it ot tne uniieo. amies h m1 persistently denied. The ouly consistent alternative would have been the immediate recojnitl'm of tha oo-cqunl right of the Southern gtatee, their admission representation In con gress, tbe withdrawal of military ivprr. sion and of the paraphernalia of procon sular and provincial government, and ab stention from any intermeddling with their local and internal sfl'airs. If it was really believed that individuals bsd boon gnilty of tresson, they might have been prosecuted according to law, anil the 2nestlon tested in the court; but tbs totes, as 8lale, (honld hsvo been le!t in. tact, aud tho maaocs oi thsir people nn mnlwited and in the eulovineiit oi ail their original and constitutional rights. There would have been neither dilfluulty nor danger in tbe adoption of this policy. The avowed objerts of tbe war on tbo part of tho North had been fully euhievvd. Slavery bad boen pratically abolished by militarv force, aud was legally, formally and irrevocably abolished immediately after tbe war by the action of Htato con ventions. Tbe impracticability of ece in aninat th will of a determined ma Jority hail been demonstated. Th ub mission of tha defeated was absolute. The policy which ha Jut been indicated would have been not only tbitt prest nbed hy Justice, generosity, and magnanimity, bnt ot a wise auo pBirions""iu.....r. It would have bound tbe V ion together with cords stronger tnsn steel, ana wouki have given the North a moral weight aud far I erond that of mere num ber and physical and material power. Rnt neither of these two plans of recon- structian was adopted and put in ex.cn- tion. Ou tbo contrary, t Do worst rearinrrs of each were oombinoU, features wnicn , would have been merely necessary evils as pert, of a consistent wuolo, bnt which, as employed, became unmitigated wrongs. Theoretically, the iil.a of conquest wasdis claimed, and that of au uu broken Union asserted, while, io tact, military occupa tion was maintained ; State officers were replaced by fanctiouarie of Federal ap pointment ; the subjugated States were denied representation iu congress; a su pervisory power was exercised over their internal and even tbeir local and muui cipol affairs; large classes of citizens were ariiitarily disfranchised, i.nd, Indeed, the ulfrage waa extended or reatrioted at tbe will of the Federal power, without regard to the leg tiraate authority of tba people of the respective States. Kven the right to make or amend their own fundamental constitutions, a moat distinctive at tribute of a free community, was exor cised only ao fur as permitted by the cen tral government, and under restrictions and limitation enforced by commanders of military district On tha other band, the fomt of a eon stitutioual goveruiueut were maintained aa far as possible not, It is presumed, a a mere mockery, bat with a deliberate end settled nurnoae. This puriios was, while virtually exercising the powers of conquest, while prvwiiblng, diruUiiig and controlling the actioa of tbo ee qaered, to givo it tho semblance ef pro ceeding from their ewe will, and to in vest it with tbe garb of constitutional freedom. The case woa anelogoua to the policy pursued by Angaatns Csmar end (lis successors, in retaining the Consols, the Senate, the Tri bases of tbo people, aud, ia geaerel, the forms, o fliers and processes of tho Roman republic Con current with tbia was the effort to organ ise apoa tbe framework of tbe eld Male governments a new e a titueney.oea peeed chiefly ef tho ngre population, whoee ignorance, ductility, and snppoeed hostility to their former masters, might reader them facile instruments fat ear tir ing and perpol sating the ascendancy of the party ia power, and for prossnting the ambition porpo-M of its loaders. This effort achieved temporary success; hence, the opportunity oC tbo ear-K-c-baggers, and tho enormous mischiefs that snsned. Moreover, while a few obscure aad an fortnuate individual were sacrificed on other shsrgee by the action of military tribnnals, (after pears had been fully es tablished,) tbe great qurstina ef TmcAia was never brought to a Judicial test. This was certaiuly uot from "rleincney," aa ia now alnrdly allvgsd. The proper time and occasiou lor the exercise of clemency would have been after tbe guilt of the eeensed bad been established. Clemency may be claimed for a refusal to execute not for a failure to prosecute. The act that the government ot that day shrank from subjecting to this test the question whether tbe ai-tino ol ten States was treason, as chargsd on one side, or a great coostitntioost right, as claimed on the other, admits of uo reanonahle explan ation, except that they dared aot. By this 1 do aot mean that any tar prevented, other than moral fear, arising from con sciousness of a weak or doubtful cause. And yet this stale and vapid imputation to the 8onth of "treason" and "rebellion" continues ta constitute a staple of popular declamation ou tbe floors of congress snd elsewhere, as if the highest poliiirsl crime known to ear laws could be fastened ttMtn whole communities and common wealths by the flippant or mnlevolout assumptions of partisans and demagogues! This ia a brief end imperfect oulliue of what t conceive to have been some ef tho most serious "errors in the treatment of the South by Northern power," uot sta ted by way of complaint or accusation, bnt .in frank response to your iaqniry. Tbe sabjeot is not au agreeable ono, and I gladly leave It i. " What would the South like to bav from Northern politicians, the rnpublisan party, sad tbe President-elect I" 10. "What doe the Konfh s-rrf from tbemt" 11. "What doea the South arpert fo pel irom them I 1 have no autbority tn apeak for tb South in answer to these questions, and cannot undertake to do to. Whatever hei needs, the Snath baa certainly ol asked auything in tbe psit, and, it is tn be presumed, ilesireo notning in tne fu ture, except fair dealing, equity and non interference with tho domestic and inter nal affairs of ths respective States. She ought to ask nothing less, If her position is to be that of equality in the Union, and ha neither tne power nor xne uisposuioo (so far aa 1 am Informed,) te demtiud any thing more. A to her tJprclntio; the cxperienre of tha past and th declaration of purpose fir the tut sre by the dominant purly, would ind it i that fy ought to be still more restricted. General Garfield, ths President-elect, in a speech (t Cleveland, Ohio, in October, (aa rnHirted by the pre-e,) expressed himselt a follow : " I would clasp hand with those who fought agaiust us, make them my breth ren, aud forgive all tho past, only on one supreme eouditionl Thst it I ad mi I tod in practice, acknowledged in theory, that the cause for which we fought and you his hearer suffered, was, and ia, and forever more will be, right, eternally rgbt; and the cause lor which Mry fought waa, and forever will be, tbo cause ef treaaou and wrong. Until thst ia ac knowledged, aiy hand shall never grssp any rebel's hand across any chasm, bow ever small." Iu other words, Genoial Gnrtk-ld re quint of us, a the "snpeme" and indis pensable condition of his amity, not mere ly a frank and full submission ol the re sults of tho war, but a theoretical and practical acknowledgement that the sword ia infallable in doterniiiiing quo: tious of right, aa well a of migbt, and that truth m alwaya on the side of tbe heaviest artillery. He requires us to con fess that we were traitors aud malefac tors, either wilfully and knowingly, or else "iguorantly in nnbelief," like Snnl of Tarsus , snd In tho latter esse, that we have been converted, not by rensoii or light from heaven, but by the logic of tho bayonet and tbe power of numbers. This is tho ultimatum proposed by tho President-elect, as the condition of his fellow ship. If tbe vote of bis party is to be ta ken as an endowment of it, the ease may becousidered a loed. If wc could ac cede ta such terms, we should be un worthy of tbo tellowsbip of fievdineu. Iii the Mitt fitt.r yea i a almost ns many railroads liuve 1mm n limit Hi tbe United States us iu all the rest of the world. With it iiopulation of fifty millions, this vomit' ommis about &,(MM) miles of railioaii HSitiiisl a o-iuliitioii of (ii-PHt Bri'Miu snd Ireland ot about thir ty rive millions, and 18,000 miles oi raiuoitu, hiiii Hgainxi unit an EtIIOlHf, Ultll a IHIIIIllHtlOII of Mt,- 000,000, mill less than 90,000 miles ot railroad. These approximate figures point tho fpipraui that American progress nominates uio world s future. Tbo grain production of this country is enormous. Willi ouly u small portion of the pvailalde lands occupied, tho yield of wheat in 1880. eras 480.819,723 bushels; of nrn, 117,03,480 bushels, slid of tbe smaller cereals, including oats, rye and barley, such ss to make the grand total aggregate 2,443,073,221 bushejs. The chief justiteof Veimoutde sided the ether day that drunken ness bad never been tVld in that State a good causa for li voire un der Ibe statute, and lelue.-U to giant eus on that ground. THE COURTS BKOl'LSa TKBW. CIBCV1T COUKT-SrvrftTH Dtsvaiet. JaMKa S. IUmm, Jndgo. Thomas S. Full, District Attorney. Landcrdale nmnfy, eet ofid ktondsy la February aadAnguxt, continuing lridavs. Kemper eonuty, tint Monday ia Itsrrh and September, toatiniiiug U days. Clarke conaty, third Mondsv ia Varrk aud September, continuing 13 days. Wayne couuty, first Monday ia April and October, continuing Sdsvs. . Ureetie roanty, st-toad llouday.ia April ami Oi-tober, cautioning S day. Perry county, third Moaday ia April and Ovtobrr.eoutiuning 6 days. Marion county, fourth Monday fa April and October, coutinhing 6 day. Hancock countr , first Monday alter the fonrth Monday of April aad October, son tinning I'i days. tlsnlmn rontilr. third Monda v after the fourth Monday of April and October, con tinuing S dsys. Jackson con n tv. fonrth lloniiar aner fourth Monday of April aud October, eoa tinning 14 day. CHANCERY C0URT-7tn DistbicT. GEORGE WOOD, Chsucellor. Jark"n county, first Monday of March snd September, continuing 6 tfaya. ' Harrison county, second Monday In March and 8ep-mber, continuing S days. Hancock ro'iuty, third Monday ia J! arch aud September, con tinning S djij-s. Marion county, second Monday after tha fonrth Mou lav in Mn-h snd Septem ber, continuing 6 days. ' Perry ronnty.flrat Jfonlay after ths 4th Monday iu March ndSi-ptember,coc. tinning 6 day. Greene ronut.r. fonrth Mondays la March and A-pteinhor, 'continuing tf day. Wayne comity, fourth Monday after the fourth Mnmlny of March and rptembcr, continuing 6 days. ' Clarke ronnty, first Monday in May and November, continuing 8 days. Lauderdale roanty, third Monday of Mnv and Novemlier, continuing IS dsva. k em per eonuty, second Monday la May November, continuing fl dava ; Jonthly Rules of Chancery Conrt o the second ,1ondav in each rnrmf h. MASOM0 MEETINGS. rrgoula 'Lodge A. F. and A. M. No. a Meets al Moss Point the third Satur day night in each month. H. L. Howre Chapter Meets at Moss point th third Wednesday hi each month. ;; PROFESSIONAL. ATTOKNEY-AT-LAW, Scranton, Mi. Will prnrtice In clrcnit an.! chancery courts of Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, n... ami Warn. Proiiml rttcntiou given to the roller tion of claims. J.? II. Flanagan, DENTAL SURGEON, , GiiiHen7(V, ,Vi. Pni.nred to do sll work in bisirofesiona snd gnarantoe satisfaction. , It. Seal, VTTORXERY st COUNSELLOR AT LAW M'mi'ntnippi City, iVi." Practices In all the C mrt of the Sorcnt h Indicial District. Dr. J. J. Ilarrf ritACTicixo ruvsiciAy, llamhboro, Mi$. Office at residence, on Gulf street. iir. W. Ii. Drncz. IMIYSICIAN AM) SUKGEON, lletidcnce : Moi rotnf, Aim. Officee Stewart's drti' storo, Mnm Point, sua uox s nrng sinie, rcrsnvou. Will iirucfii e nt J ws Point, Srranlon, the Senshore iind vicit ity. 11 calls promptly attended to. J. J. Htldelbcrir, Attorney and C'ssMSfJfor at Lair and thltcttttr is Vhanctry, PASCAGOULA (Jackson eonuty), MISS. Will lu-actic wherever be way have bilills. Will give special attention to lollec ... .mi fii.nmiiiv linitiiiiwa. sHrh ss set tling estates, examining land titliie, and giving legnl opinions, -inieiuig tines land, obtaiiilng divoicea, etc . C. II. Wood, ATTORNEY V COTO8ELLGB AT LAW, Uoh$ roirtfMiw. Pi-nclices ill the Conrte of Jackson, Harrison, Hancock, Perry and Greene. ROIIKBICK Skau H. Bloomkiicld. Seal & Dloomfleld, ATTORNEYS & COUNSELORS T LAW, ScrantoH, Mini. 1 Will practice In all llio Ciairte of .Tnrk son county, Mississippi. Each partner will continue to practice in bia Individual ca parity in all the Courts of tbe Seventh Jndicinl District . Dr. M. C. Vattehait, - DENTIST, r Mou Point, Mitt. Will attend all enll along the const , In his profession. Partke desiring Hie aer v ires ran aildrvsa hi in at Moos Point, Miss. J. A.' Anderson, ATTORNEY & COUNSEI LOR-AT LAW, tkrauton, Mitt., . Will prarth-e In all tbo court of Jsek sou und adjaci-nt eonntios, will give prompt attention to tli ol lection of debt's answer iiMinlrica, and wake remit tances promptly. Jlr. John Kt : Cancer a Specialty, m Canal street, 3EW 01iLliA'd a: 4 IE In i 5 I ; t r i f I 4 ; f I s ii 1 i i 1 !! l! I i t