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HE Land of Many
Waters" is the
poetic designation
of their beloved
country most cher
isled by the peo
pl of Finland.
Mountain ranges
and forest stretches
-bold and verdant
are interspersed with valley
waterways and fragrant
meadow-lands. In summer
time the foam and spray of
rushing torrents hang spark
ling dewdrops on the golden
pine-needles whilst the va
porous mists of the marsh
lands wave fairy rainbows
among the russet fruit of
the bronsy hassel. The
greenet of green moss and
the most tender gray stone.
wort spread softest carpets
for the feet as with the hand
are plucked the sweetest
Id lowers.
"The Thousand Lakes" of ,J Y't2
nland, placid in the sun
shine but whipped to fury by autumn storms, re
semble clusters of precious gems cast by benefi
cent deities upon the bosom of Nature. The eye
delights in the serenity of the panorama till the
ear catches the impressive thunder of the cata
racts and waterfalls. A river-lake-land trip is
an experience at once novel and thrilling. Light
boats, too frail they look, push off boldly into
the rapids, manned by sturdy young fellows in
red flannel shirts, slouched felt hats and leather
boots far up the thigh, singing snatches of plain
tive folk-lore as their craft clear rock and boul
der daringly. The long wooden paddle thrown
out behind and the supple oars dash showers of
crystal water over the traveler. Groups of white
kerchlefed women and bare-legged children toss
cheery welcome all along the course whilst the
crafty boatmen take vigorous pulls at the ubiqui
tous cigarettes.
Winter brings about a marvelous transforma
tion. True, the rude storms expend their fury
upon the rock-bound coast but the deadly bliz
zard tears away Nature's beauty spots. When
the "Lady of the Snows" has'spread her glitter
ing mantle far and wide peace, white and last
ing, reigns everywhlere. Ice crystals depend
from every bough and save and frost diamonds
sprinkle on the ground. Above all and every
thing the great horizon is flashed with the daz
sling Northern Lights giving promise of life and
constancy
Spring, which saw vegetation leap like magic
out of the melting snows, is swiftly followed by
brief and brilliant simtner, and autumn comes
on apace, ready, so it seems, to be devoured by
the greedy frost king. Seed time and harvest
hold each other by the hand to resist the grip
of ice. Forest work ceases, and, the short day
of winter over. old and young assemble in the
homestead's long common room and together
weave and spin, and read and smoke, and dance
and sing. Certainly by sledge and ski and skate
distances are covered, and happy school children
glide hither and thither, sometimes scurrying
home for fear of wolves
The Finns came originally from the Altal
mountains. They took possession of the "Land
of Many Waters" away in the seventh century
The language spoken by the country people has
a similar origin; it is an unique tongue, soft and
sonorous, not unlike modern Italian. The peo
pie of the eastern province, touching upon Rus
sia, exhibit the Mongolian type-thick lips. high
cheek bones and narrow eyes. The inhabitants
of the western province are mostly of Swedish
origin and speak the Swedish language
The word "Finn" means wizard Among their
many superstitions is the tradition that a trin
ity of spirits presides over their destiny-"UTkko."
the spirit of the air: "Tapo." the spirit of the
forest, and "Abte." the spirit of the lakes The
IS THE BACKYARD OF EUROPE
Confllct Between Races the Result of
Centuries of Mohammedan
Oppression.
'~Loe are not a particularly popular
lot d Chrisatia who are Just now
fightng the Tark. Bulgarians, Servl
ase and Macedonians sound a bit ram
pageous and fantaatic to those of
us in this country who do not happen
to be running for oflee. Nevertheless.
t of remarks Harper's Weekly, they repreo
sent Christian civilization as against
Turk!sh 1Mohamnmedanism. and if they
are backward in it, be it remembered
ilar that it is the Turks who have kept
iow them backward. In the fourteeath
rvt- ~itury. when the Turks overran the
am Bysantine empire, southeastern Eu
of rope was well to the front in civiliza
pen tion and the leader of Europe in the
ea. arts. For six centuries the Turks
mountain-ash is sacred, its ashes, after burning,
are carefully preserved, for when sprinkled on
the ground they descry luck or the reverse in
wooing.
Land tenure and land service in Finland pre
sent many interesting features. The more salient
points are actual survivals of federal times.
The class of peasant which may be called "la
borer-farmers" consists of men who receive no
wages. They occupy buildings belonging to the
landowner, which they are required to keep In
repair. The land-owners make grants of seed
and other necessaries, and of certain lands which
the laborer-farmers cultivate for their own bene
fit. They have free access to the forest for fuel
and for lumber for repairs. In return they are
obliged to work for the land-owner with their
own families and horses. On holdings, where
there is clay, the laborer-farmers are allowed- to
make bricks and to earn what they can by sales,
paying so much per cent on their gains to their
landowner.
Many laborer-farmers are quite well off, and,
whilst they retain their status as peasants, their
sons and daughters are sent to excellent schools
and enter government and commercial employ
ments. This class of men must not, however, be
confounded with the "free" peasantry. The lat
ter, although generally poorer, have superior
civil rights and form an estate of the realm with
direct representation in the Finnish parliament.
Finland was first occupied by the Russians In
1809. Alexander I. granted the inhabitant'
autonomy under their ancient laws and institu
tions. Recent events have greatly curtailed Fin
nish liberties, but like the patriots the Finns
abide and sing:
"Land of a Thousand Lakes,
W'here faith and life are ours.
Past wrongs inspire our powers,
For us the future wakes!"
Like other folk. the Finns rejoice in festivals
religious and profane. Christmas is the great
est of them all Ever so long before the eve of
the Nativity the stores are crowded with people
choosing klapps. gifts for family and friends. In
each town and village the snow-covered market
place becomes a pine forest full of Christmas
trees. for every home keeps Christmas thus. If
they do not rejoice in beef and plum pudding
they have their seasonable dishes all the same-
lut flsk, dried cod soaked in brine and boiled to
a jelly; with it they eat a sort of pease pud
ding Smoked roast pork follows and then comes
a rice pudding full of almonds-the more al
monds you get the more happy months you will
have Plum tarts. served with paste and clotted
cream, form the dessert
On Christmas Eve each house and cottage ex
have dammed the progress of these
states that have now assailed them.
- For all that time southeastern Europe
has been a hotbed of hatreds and ra
at cal, political and religious jealousies,
and the atmosphere of such things
does not favor the gentler and more
Pt attractive virtues. The Christians out
tb there seem pretty wild religionists.
7e but they have the Christian impulse
u. to better themselves
a- It is a cruel war, full of desperate
ie venoms, but well worth understand
Es lag and following. To persons who
hibits a burning candle in every window; the
peasants' dwellings are littered with clean straw
and the cattle in their stalls have extra sup
plies of food. A popular observance is to ar
range inverted saucers around the festive board
-one for each guest-under which are placed
objects bearing significant meanings. Each per
son in turn raises a saucer. May be it has cov
ered a piece of red ribbon-that presages a
wound or some bodily injury; or a coin, riches;
or a key, for a girl the token of her direction
within a twelve-month of some household, for a
boy the entrance on a commercial career; or a
piece of fuel, which fortells death; or a ring for 2
matrimony, and so forth.
The "Christmas Buck" visits every home in
Finland. He is an old man with long white hair
and beard and heavily clad in fur. He drives
his team of reindeer over mountains and frozen
lakes and enters unannounced each doorway. He
makes a circuit of the family and inquires
whether the children have been good or bad.
Before leaving he throws down klapps for all.
At Twelfth Night the "Star Boys" make their
appearance. They are five young men in fancy
dress. Three represent the Three Holy Kings of
the Epiphany, one is King Herod, and the last
a goat with hoots and horns. They enact a
legendary play which has for its finale the death
of Herod, whilst the goat is thrust outside the
door. Wherever they go they collect alms for
poor people who have no Christmas cheer.
After the gayeties of Christmas two months
elapse during which one is able to restore one's
digestive organs, and then comes Lent. A die
tinctive Ienten diet is blines and caviar; the
former the large thick pancakes which are eaten
with butter, sour cream and fruit juice. At mid
Lent a fresh water fish is much esteemed-lake
it is called It is caught in nets suhk through
holes in the ice of rivers and lakes. It is boiled
in milk. On Easter Eve everybody eats hard
boiled eggs.
The first of May is an ancient festival of gen
eral observance, especially by students and
youths. They meet in the public parks of Hel
singfors, the capital, and in country market
places, and there sing old folk-songs to the spirit
of spring. Then they drink deeply of sweet
mead and consume vast quantities of struvor-
rich puff-paste tarts-and then they dance and
flirt with buxom maidens to their hearts' con
tent. Midsummer day is of universal observance
in Finland Birch trees are planted at all the
house doors and twigs of birch are stuck all
over every room. The sun sets in the eve at
eleven o'clock, and rises in the lay at two. Dur
ing those three brief hours the young people kin
dle big fires. All are bent on dancing around and
above the blazing embers. They call the fires
korko, "love's flame."
Rye harvest is a very important season. On
the first day the laborer-farmers, with their
wives and families, foregather at the mansion of
the land-owner. They are divided into squads
one man, two women and three children. To
each squad is assigned a certain area wherein
the man cuts the crop, the women shock and
the children glean. They work from four in the
morning until eight at night, with intervals for
breakfast and dinner. These meals, together
with the supper at the end of toil, are substan
tial in every sense. They are provided gratis
by the land-owner and are eaten at long tables
placed in front of the mansion, whereat the land
owner and his family serve. After supper all
join in singing the plaintive national song, kale
wala, and then a happy time is passed with
games and dances.
The rye crop, which provides the Finns with
their staff of life, does not dry in ordinary sea.
sons in the fields. It is consequently carried to
the rias, or barns, and laid on racks and rafters.
Fires are kindled in each corner and the smoke
permeates the crop, imparting a much-loved and
peculiar flavor. The country people's diet con
sists chiefly of talkumma, a sort of porridge
made of rye. This is carried, when well set. in
birch bark knapsacks. It Is also baked hard and
hung in great round, thin cakes, with holes in
the center, from the ceilings of the houses. Their
favorite beverage is coffee, which they jirew to
perfection. Corn-rye brandy is a liquor much
esteemed by all classes and sometimes indulged
in to excess.
The greatest refreshment of the Finns is the
bath: every homestead has a bath-house. It is
their unfailing remedy in sickness. "If bath
and brandy fall." they say, "then comes death."
In the bath-houses are stone ovens wherein wood
fires are kindled and every orifice is closed.
After the fire has burnt itself out buckets of
water or shovelfuls of snow are dashed upon the
embers and red hot stones. Dense clouds of
steam arise and into them the bathers plunge.
The whole body is switched with birch rods, and
then follow thorough massage and rubbing down
with soap. As the bather quits the bath-house
sousings of cold water or snow are administered,
sometimes a header into deep snow is preferred!
Then for a while to cool they all sit on benches
in the open air. and then they resume their
clothes. During harvest time such baths in com
mon are taken every evening after work is done;
in winter the Saturday night tub suffices. Few
spectacles can be more weied and astounding
for the traveler than. when driving to night quar
ters. he suddenly comes upon the family at bath
lese are not students of history and inter
em. national politics it may seem just a
'ope backyard fight. To scholars and dip
ra lomatic experts it is much more in
ies, teresting, for there, in the backyard of
Ings Europe, the leaf is turning on six cen
orte turies of history, and the processes of
out civilization are working out with
Ists. scrapping and bloodshed, as is the im
ulse memorial way
rate Rescue Mission for City.
md- Atlanta is to have a large tnterd.
who nominational rescue mission,
FISH THAT FELL UPWARD
Brilliant Colors Have Been Noted at
a Depth of Three Thou
sand Feet.
According to Sir John Murray, one
of the greatest authorities on ocean
ography, the bottom of the sea is a
desert of pitch black darkness, peas
trating cold and eternal silence, says
the London Evening Standard. Worms.
sea puddings and coral polyps slug
gishly crawl or sway in the almost
currentless depths, and only two spe
cies of fish, both of them small, with
much head and little body, have been
found deeper than a mile and a qnar
ter down.
The range of fishes in the sea Is as
though it were divided into layers, one
above the other, and no fish can live
above or below his layer. Thus many
of the deeper fish-three-quarters of
a mile below the surface-have been
found floating at the top; they had
swallowed a fish as large or larger
than themselves and its buoyancy had
lifted them out of the strata to which
they were accustomed .
The physiology of a bottom fish is al
most impossible to know, because they
are built to resist a tremendous pres
sure of water, and when this pressure
is released-as when they are brought
to the surface in a net-sometimes the
fish has burst; the organs are crushed
beyond reconstruction.
Similarly if a fish of a higher strata
attacks a bottom fish in the neutral
zone where both can live, and-as
sometimes happens-his teeth become
entangled so that he cannot let go
and he is dragged into deeper water,
he strangles instantly, for his
breathing arrangements are of no use
to him under the pressure of water in
the lower strata of the sea. As a rule,
however, the fish of the various depths
rarely feed on those above or below
them.
There have been brought to light
an astonishing number of forms of
fish, and especially of prawns of a
brilliant red color, living in the ocean
at a depth of 3,000 feet. But, aston
ishing as it may seem, there brilliant
ly colored fish and prawns, instead of
being conspicuous in the water at that
depth, are almost invisible when al
most any other color could be easily
seen.
MAKE SOMETHING OF LIFE
Not Without Reason Should Any Pass
Through the Joys and Troubles
of the World.
Thousands of men breathe, move
and live; pass off the stage of life,
and are heard of no more. Why?
They did not a particle of good in
the world; and none were blest by
them, none could point to them as the
instrument of their redemption; eot
a line they wrote, not a word they
spoke, could be recalled, and so they
perished-their light went out in
darkness and they were not remem
bered more than the insects of yes
terday. Will you thus live and die,
0 man immortal? Live for something.
Do good and leave behind you a mon
ument of virtue that the storms of
time can never destroy. Write your
name by kindness, love and mercy on
the hearts of the thousands you come
in contact with year by year, and
you will never be forgotten. No, your
name, your deeds will be as legible on
the hearts you leave behind as the
stars on the brow of evening. Good
deeds will shine as bright on the earth
as the stars of heaven.-Thomas Chal
mers.
Rubber Plant 011 for Umbrellas.
A vegetable oil used in making pa
per umbrellas in Japan is pressed out
of the seeds of the rubber plant This
oil is made in the various islands
famed for oil and seeds from these
plants. Sandy ground is favored for
the cultivation of the plant, and the
oil is extracted from the seeds by
presses. The yield of seeds is esti
mated at 20 bushels per acre. The an
nual production throughout Japan
amounts to 350,000 bushels, from
which over a gallon of oil per bushel
is extracted. The oil before it is
used is boiled and then cooled until it
can be applied by hand to umbrellas
with a piece of cloth or waste No
machinery or tools are used in apply
ing the oil. When the oiling is com
plete the umbrellas are exposed in
the sun for about five hours. This oil
is also used in making the Japanese
lanterns, artificial leather, printing
ink, laquer, varnishes, oil paper, and
paints.
Worthy Fad.
If somebody is anxious to invest in a
really new fad there is one ready
to hand. Let us have a cult of tak
ing your time. To faddists it has the
obvious advantage of being wholly
strange and revolutionary. We are
all convinced in these days that the
proper thing to do is to rush. We
are exhorted from a thousand plat
forms to act and not to think about
It. to reform everything and not to
be continually debating-as if the im
portant thing were to do something
new without having made the small
est attempt to discover whether it
will be in the least better or worse
than what we have always been doing.
Modern Ideallism.
SOur intuitions of a goodness, a beau
Sty, a truth, transcending anything that
Searth can show, our persistent devo
tion to ideals that actual life al
ways disappoints, our postulates of a
Sperfection that rebukes and shames
our practice-what can these things
mean save that . . . a refraction
of the white light of eternity by life's
dome of many-colored glass, a se
Squence of shadow pictures cast on the
further wall of the dim cavern where
we sit, our eyes averted from
the true light of the world?-PauJ
Shorey (on Plato).)
Telling Him.
A well-known Boston physician has
the reputation of being exceedingi)
gruff, especiolly with those whom he
thinks are trying to "beat" him. The
doctor was present at a social affalt
the other evening when a "dead beat'
whom the doctor knew of old ap
proached "Doctor," said the man
"what is the best thing for a cold?
"Competent medical advice." replied
the physician shortly, asu he tuned
on his heel
Farmrs' Educational
ad Co-Operative
Union of America
Mn, erselscialekante
IesPruve Apinaturit
Clear sighted reason is one's most
valuable asset.
laziness and drunkenness clothe
a man in rags.
Success comes to the man who be
lieves in succeeding.
Every man 1l inspired who responds
to the touch of the divine.
To keep up with progress a man
must keep up all day with it.
The horse's neckwear should be such
that it will not wear the neck.
The farmer puts money in his purse
by putting manure on his land.
We should be proud of our virtues,
rather than of our peculiarities.
A head full of business as a rule
means a head empty of blessing.
It's only when some men get tight
that they turn themselves loose.
Keep a steady gait at your work.
Spurts do more harm than good.
Sometimes the hardest blow you
can deal your enemy is to ignore
him.
The paint of the house often indi
cates the atmosphere to be found in
side.
Inspiration is the divine trying to
make itself manifest through the hu
man.
We should water and cultivate the
flowers and destroy the weeds in our
disposition.
Credit is a valuable acquaintance,
but a treacherous friend if made use
of too freely.
If you believe in a hereafter, begin
to live for it today; tomorrow will be
a part of it.
Another strange paradox seems to
be that when the price is high the
corn in short.
Let us be proud, not because of
what we are, but of what we have
tried earnestly to be.
Not to get through this life some
how, but to get through it well, should
be a constant study.
Some folk's lives are like a dream.
They bring nothing into the world and
take nothing out of it.
The man who thinks he is more cun
ning than others is usually the one
who is deceived at the end.
Character is the gold left in life's
smelter after the fires of experience
have burned themselves out.
There is much satisfaction in using
the money that has been made on the
farm in supplying coiforts and con
veniences for the family.
The most desirable communities
in which to live are the com
munities In which people work
nicely together and cooperate in the
various enterprises common to the
community.
PULLING TOGETHER IS BEST
Wisoonsin Industries Awakening te
Advantages of CoOperatlon-Bulld
Ing Many Elevators.
Wisconsin has been advancing very
rapidly during the past four or five
years in the organisation of buying
and selling associations, forming cow
testing associations, starting co-oper
ative creameries and cheese factories,
and building warehouses, says the
Wisconsin Agriculturist These in
dustries are all of the same spirit and
show that we are fast awakening to
the advantages of pulling together,
building up business and unitedly in
stead of patching up and tearing down
separately.
Farmers of this state have made
surprising progress lately in the erec
Ution of potato and tobacco ware
houses. No state agency has lent any
aid, nor has such aid been asked, but
more than a score of such warehouses
have been recently built, and others
are being planned. When one com
munity is shown to be successful
under such a system, neighboring
townships are ready to follow the ex
ample set Some of the most success
ful of these warehouse associations
are in operation in the following Wis
consin towns:: Waupaca, Rosholt,
Stevens Point, Necedah. Coloma, In
dependence, River alls. W sasan.
Wautoma, Stanton. 8toughton (tobac
co), Prescott, Hulbert. Chetek, Elle
worth, Westby, Almond, Ashland,
Sturgeon Bay, Bayfeld, Sparta, Won
ewoc, Reedsburg and La Velle.
There are also about 40 co-opers
tve elevators located in vartious
countles of Wisconsin, nearly all of
which have been built during the last
ten years. Those which pay currenat
rates of interest on the outstanding
shares of the stock and turn the rest
of the profit back to the patrons of
the company have had a successfutal
business and contented share holders.
It will pay us to look into these opera
tions.
Worth of a Hen.
France classes the worth of a hen
more for the production of meat and
eggs than she does for fine feathers
or standard looks. Some years ago
the poultrymen aimed for show rec
'ords, and, while they no doubt gained
Stheir point, they at the same time
ruined the stamina and thrift of the
hen for commercial purposes. Today
it is different. Utility has taken a
front seat, and all breeds are bred
up to conform with the ideas of the
market poultryman.
Fight Against Boll Weevil.
The fight against the boll weevil,
that terror of cotton raising districts,
is not so hopeless as was formerly
thought. By early planting and
prompt harvesting, together with the
use of a quick-maturing variety, the
danger from this pest may be largely
obviated.
Avoid Leggy Sheep.
Avoid leggy sheep; it will take
emrs to set rid of them.
LAUDS FARMERS' UNION PLAN
Only Institution or Organization That -
Can Hold Cotten Without Re
fraction of Law.
The farmers' union is the only ta.
stitution or organization that can hold
cotton without a retraction of the
Sherman anti-trust law, such as would
be subject to prosecution, said Pe
ter Radford, president of the Farmers'
union of Texas. Mr. Radford made
this statement in reference to the case
on trial before the federal Supreme
court, in which James Patton, Eugene
Scales, Frank B. Hayne and William
P. Brown are charged with a conspir.
acy to run a $10,000,000 corner on
the market, says the Texas Stockman
and Farmer.
Mr. Radford says there are numer
ous brokerage concerns and individ
uals handling cotton in violation of the
anti-trust law, owing to the fact that
they bold cotton for the expressed
purpose of running the market up by
limiting the supply so that spinners
will be compelled to pay the price
necessary to bring the product on the
market This makes the price of the
manufactured products cost the con
sumer more without the benefits going
where it belongs, to the producer of
the raw material, but instead the bro.
ker is the man who reaps the har
rvest
The Farmers' union plan of holding
cotton contemplates entirely another
purpose. We hold our product in or
der that there will not be an over
supply thrust upon the market and
that it may be supplied as the de
mand justifies. Under the warehouse
plan of the Farmers' union each man
is privileged to sell whenever he
pleases to do so, or hold his cotton
until he gets his price. The organiz
ation has no voice in his placing his
cotton on the market, but at the same
time makes it possible for him to
hold it as long as he desires to do so, .
by enabling him to procure a loan
on it at a low rate of interest in the
event he needs money to meet his
demands before the market goes to
where he cares to selL Or it he does
not need the money our local ware
house system provides him with a de
sirable place to store his cotton as
long as he desires to hold It.
Many of our farmers made a mis,
take by selling their cotton early in
the season. This was done mainly
by those who were not able to hold.
and at the same time did not care to \
pay the six per cent. on the money to
be had as a loan on the cotton when
handled through our warehouses.
Thi mistake made in early sellng is
very evident, taking as a basis for
consideration the market conditloas
of last year. In August. 1911, cotton
sold at 10%c, dropping to Sc in Octo
ber as a result of the reaction caused
by the early marketing in the spring
of 1912 the price again went up,
reaching as the highest point 13%e.
This year 1911 and August market
was 11%c at the time most of the
crop was market and dropped to
the present price, 11m for middlin..
which is 2c above the October price
last year. Taking into consideration
the extent to which prices have held,
up as compared with 1911, I am con
fident that those who hold till next
spring will realise 15k, which would
well justify them to pay the $ per
cent. on money if necessary to enable
them to hold. A further reason ti
connection with these oomparatiy. -,*
figures for expeeting cotton to go
even higher next spring than last, is
in the fact that the total crop will ot
exceed that of last year. While it is
true that the foreign crop is heavier,
the American crop is about 1,040,0 .
bales short of last year, taking the
country in its entirety.
BLAME MIDDLEMEN FOR COST
Long island Gardener Says Vachts
Motors and sig Homes Cause o
ieeet in Pricese.
"'Ihe reason for the high cost of it,
ing today is the private yachts, auato
mobiles and country and city homes
for members of the produce exchangeo
for which the consumer and the pro
ducor pay," declared H. B. Fullerton, /
a Long Island gardener, to a confer
ence of producers and consumers at
the New York board of trade and
transportation the other day. His
hearers applauded as he ascrlbed the
troubles of both city dweller and farm
er to the middleman.
"If we want to get a square deal for
the farmer and another for the cor
sumer," cobtinued Mr. Fullerto, "we
must oliminate the system which now
prevails of letttng a middleman skim
all the cream off the produce. Over
on Long Island this last season our
boys lot 45 cents a barrel for caul
flower. I followed that same cauli
flower right down to Washington mar
ket and saw them selling it in thoe
stalls theroe at 5 cents a head'" :
Another grower told of selling beaus
for 30 cents a bushel and tracing them :2;
to a city market, where they were
sold at 15 cents a quart, or .t tho e
rate of $4.80 a bushel
Gangrene of the Udder.
The preventing of gangrene of the
udder is of great importance. Thor
oughly disinfect all floors, sides of
stalls and bedding which infected anl
mals have come in contact with. This
precaution is with the hope of re
venting the spread of the disease. If
the cow has met with an accident and
one teat is lacerated it should receive
antiseptic treatment at once.
As an application, tincture of lodinL
or bathing it frequently in a soluttoa
of 1 to 1,000 bichloride of mercury to
prevent infection reaching the end o f
the teat.
* The Sows to Discard.
Pig flesh is more rapidly and '
cheaply made than any form of pork.
hence feed the sow liberally and stm
ulate deep milking qualities. Discard
any sow that is a poor milker, for
poorly nourished pigs will be poor
pigs in spite of other good enviro-.
ments.-Farm Journal.
Dry Pldking.
In dry-piclking the poultry, pluck the ,,
Sfeathers while the body is still warm ,
.--
