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Greatt Lakess Lnkk I.. : W itk ..... ..... ...~4'-.'.. '..7.. Great Baroe Canal of New York. Marvel of Enoineerina. Aids War Transportation I By ROBERT H. MOULTON. HE opening for through traf fic of the Barge canal of New York. remarkable both for its picturesqueness and for the engineering dificulties over come in construction, which links the Great Lakes with the Atlantic ocean was formally celebrated recently. The completion of this great inland waterway, which required 13 years to build and involved the ex penditure of approximately $150.000, 000, will be a wonderful boon to war time transportation. It will relieve the railroads of a tremendous quan tity of nonperishable freight. Its ca pcilty is estimated at ten million tons annually, which Is the equivalent of half a million carloads. The canal is made up of four different channels, all of which have the same general dimensions, the depth being about 12 feet and width varying from '5 feet in earth sections of "land line" to a minimum of 200 feet In the beds of eanallzed rivers and lakes. These channels are: The Erie canal, or main line, between Pffalo and Troy; the Oswego. running from Syracuse to Lake Ontario; the Champlain, extend fag from Troy up the Hudson to Lake Champlain, and the Cayuga-Senec., connecting the so-called "Fini~r Lakes" with the main channel. By means of the Hudson river, New Yort city and the municipalities and vil age south of Albany are brought into touch with the system. Tbid new channel was constructed In accordance with principles radically diffeent from those which governed on old canals. On these old channels the Idea was to keep the hillside above the rivers and streams and to use animal power for towing purposes. In the present work, however, the practice in vogue on the Continent, where the low water routes available In natural treas are used, has been followed wherever practicable. In fact, the larger part of the new system -consists of the canalisation of the rivers and lake. Loeck and Dame Built In order to make navigation possible on the rivers and lakes It was neces sary to maintain a specified minimum depth and provide what Is termed "alack-water navigation." This was accomplished by the construction of dams and locks, the dams holding the water at a more or less fixed elevation above the level of the stream and the locks permitting the barges to move from one level to another. Between Little Falls and Troy, on the Erie anal, ten dams have been constructed, which provide for navigation on the canallsed Mohawk river. Two of these stretares are of the "fxed type" while eight are movable. These actually make the river a series of lakes, the water between the dams being prac tically level and ordinarily without much current A lock Is constructed at aoe aide of eath dam to enable the arges to pass from the different lev el. Many travelers acros the state have wondered at the movable dams which appear to be steel bridges, yet have so approaches. This type of strue tare was ecessary, however, because trom the bridge floor of each structure I the controllng works, which swing i underneath, are operated. These works conest of heavy steel frames and gates which may be lowered or raised at will by operating electre winches run- t nlng on the bridge floor of the dam. The partlcular function of the movable t dam is that when the gates are raised. r during the winter months and spring c Cattle In Foresta 0 Tr meet the war needs of the Unit- y ed Statee sheep and cattle will be c prased on the national forests In In- a creased numbers this year. Half a b million more sheep and nearly a quar- I ter et a million more cattle will be tl taken care of this year than last, ac- tl eardlng to the officials of the forest ri service. This will bring the total num ber of stock grased under permit to about 9.000.000 sheep, 2.300,000 bead of cattle and 51,000 swine. This In- te crease is on top of an increase of 200,- e Good Manners Tested. tl Bad manners toten Jar severely on o0 people who are well mannered. A s boor Is not Ilkely. to suffer mu-h from w the boorishness of others. A sensl- - tive, well-bred person, to whom good al manner are second nature Is so 01 keenly conscious of lapses In others that he is liable to suffer from It And then, when almost Intolerable "breaks" are noted, comes the tempts- a ties b - ow or speak oem's Impe Mtac. BDt the at time ems may be --1 tempted it wa be wen a reanl t I'* , ** ' - ' ' * *' * 7Tw Oc"*A4RiT CAWL BOATJLEAJ flood period. It allows the river to fow on uninterrupted, while during the navigation season it serves its full purpose as a dam and may be so op. orated as to pass a large or small quantity of water, thus keeping each pool at Its proper level. r Highest Lift Locks. s There are 36 locks on the Erie ,e canal, all of which are massive con r- crete structures, having Inside ree h tangular dimensions of 300 by 44.44 e feet and a lifting capacity varying d from a few feet up to 40% feet. At SWaterford the locks are so constructed 3 that a series of five serves to lift the Sbarges from the Hudson river to the canalized Mohawk river, 169 feet above -the level of the government lock at the e Troy dam. These structures have i- been called the world's greatest series of high-lift locks and their lift is dou s ble that of the locks in the Panama f canal from sea level to summit. One of the highest lift locks in the t world Is located at Little Falls, where Sthe difference in pool elevation is 40% gfeet. This massive structure has con Screte walls, which stand 80 feet high and are 30 feet wide at the base. The Slower gate is of the lift type and is Sraised and lowered, instead of being Sswung open and shut as are the gates on other locks. SIn the operation of all locks the wa ter is admitted to and drawn from the Schamber by means of culverts run ning through the side walls, and the openings have been so designed that Sthe illing and emptying of the cham ber Is only a matter of a few minutes. The locks are all electrically op Srated and the chambers are filled or emptied while the gates and valves Sare opened or closed by simply turn ing a lever. Safety devices are also Sarranged so that errors in operation or Snavgation are practically eliminated. The Erie canal is spanned by 232 bridges, of which 50 are railroad cross lngs. The clearance under these strue Stures must be at least 15% feet Guard Against Accident. In the "land line," guard gates have been provided which are located about ten miles apart. These are steel strue tures, suspended from towers and may be lowered to hold the water, in case of emergency, such as might exist if an embankment became weakened or any similar accident made it desirable to unwater any section of the channel. Numerous culverts and spillways which keep the water from overflow SIng the banks bove been provided and a hundred million yards of earth and rock have been removed, while three million yards of concrete have been placed. Whil 1 the actual construction period has been about 13 years, this, consider ing the magnitude and ramifications of the work. Is a very short time. The man) structures and the nature of the territory through which the different chaunels mr has made this one of the really important engineering undertak ings of the age. and the construction detalls have been the most extensive. the plans alone being some of the most elaborate and complete ever drawn up a for any large construction work. , The cost of handling freight on the I railroads, before recent Increases went e into effect, varied from two to seven f mills per too per mile. the average be- p Ing between three and six mills per b ton mile. It is now estimated that this p figure will be reduced more than one- v half on the new canal system, owing to o the larger barges and the thoroughly b up-to-date facilltes. The method of a propulsion used Is by power boats a driven either by steam, electricity or t the Internal combustion engine, and it a has already been determined from d trial trips that the speed which may be ti maintained throughout the system Is T considerably In excess of that main- ye 000 sheep and 100,000 cattle made last c year, when it.was recognized that the 5 country's need for beef, mutton, wool T and hides called for the fullest posi- P' ble use o0 the national forest ranges. w Through conservative handling of these ranges for more than ten yearsr their productiveness has been steadily rising. Should Stimulate Thinkers. m The British government has decided M to 'offer a prlse of $10,000 for a proc ess of making a mixture of dehydrated a the old incident "told of .a sage. that one day, after the fashion of the th schools, he was qaestioaed. 'Master. e what is the test of good mannersl fe Wherefore he answered. It is being ah able to put up pleasantly with bad re ones.' "-Sunday Bechool Times. se Explained. Mrs. Flatbusb-And in telegraphing a measage can they dot the l's, do yea ch Mr. latmsh-Wha. y d.a '1; talacap~y i^-^dete It w talned by ordinary freight trains, eith re er in normal times or under present it conditions. Transportation Problem Acute. 11 It sl admitted that -the transporta. b tlon facilities of our country, as well as our transoceanic shipping, under lie our ability to carry the present war e to a successful conclusion. The war Shas, Indeed, brought us face to face Swith a problem in tran- ortation that 4 is vital and critical There Is not a g business community from one end of t the country to the other that is not d dealing with the question. A con e gestion has arisen that has affected Salmost every factory In the United SStates and even extended to our homes. S The New York Barge canal offers a e solution to many of our transportation Sproblems. This waterway-and it may be called the most important canal In the United States-has been thrown open at a time when its usefulness can Sbe fully appreciated, and when It can fulfill a mission not dreamed of by Its original projectors. It can easily carry a total of ten million tons of Sfreight and this is as much as can be carried on one-fifth of all the freight ears on all the rail lines in the United States. It is equivalent to what could Sbe carried on a string of freight cars which, if placed end to end, would ex tend from Denver to New York city. Color and Horse Character. An old cavalry officer says that one t may judge the constitution and char acter of a horse from Its color. Bright chestnuts and light hays are high spir Ited, but nervous and delicate. Dark chestnuts and glossy blacks are hardy r and good tempered. Rich bays have great spirit, but are teachable. Dark and Iron grays are hardy and sound, while light grays are the opposite. Roans, either strawberry or blue, are the hardiest and best working of all, even tempered, easiest to train, taking kindly to everything. Rusty blacks are distinguished for their pig-headedness. A horse's "white stockings" give an other clew to character. A horse with one white leg is a bad one, with two its temper is uncertain, with three it Is absolutely safe, with four may be trusted for a while only. Why Indeed? If we may judge by the recent and determined Intrusion of spirits into au thorship, heaven bids fair to be stacked with printing presses. One of their number, indeed, the "Living Dead Man," whose publishers have un hesitatingly revealed (or. I might say, announced) his identity, gives high praise to a ghostly library, well cata logued. and containing millions of books and records. With such re. sources at their command, with the universe for Inspiration, and the un counted dead for readers, why should disembodied spirits force an entrance into our congested literary world and compete with the living scribblers who ask their little day?-Agnes Repplier, in the Atlantic. Selling Money a Business In China. In China dealing In money Is a busl ness, one of the flourishing Industries of the country, says World Outlook. There are shops that deal in nothing el--money exchange shops. You will find one In nearly every twisted little street in every city, often merely little bole* In the wall, where a skull-capped proprietor sits behind a brass railing with little piles of money on each side of him and swiftly fngers his counting board. Here you go shopping for I money, just as you go for white flan- i nel, suits, eggs, green jade and Can- I ton silk-and you bargain ust as long I and Just as hard in the oblique and I devious ways of the Orient. A na- I tlonal currency system there Is not. I The coins, like the dialects, change as 1 you go from city to city. coal tar with mineral petroleum oas suitable for admiralty use as fuel oil. This will be awarded to the first com petitor submitting a successful process which must be capable of ready and economical application without undue absorption of material and labor. Good Meney for Day's Work. It is said that a boat with five fisher. men went out seining from Orr's island, Me., for herring recently and received $5(O for their day's work., sharing $100 each. Hell-Dog. Cerberus in ancient Greek story was the sleepless dog which guarded the -entrance to Hades; the lower or in fernal regions in which dwelt the shades of the dead. He is usually rep resented with three heads, and with serpents rond his neck. Whe-n t GrO. A "Our children and the neighbor' children had a 4hrrel yeterday." . "id it 1-9t 95 mat? • ,;;, . ./ o$ % '* a.^'^-^ '^al«t-i,-* GOT THEIIANANAS Patriotic American in Border STown Did E)tra "Bit" How Marching Boys In Olive Drab Got Delicacy Almost Under the Eyes of the Discipline Loving Sergeant It Is midnight In the border town across the river the populace has gone to bed. T.e streets are deserted and silent save for the measured tread of the occasional policeman on his noc turnal rounds. But the lights are still glowing in the railway station on the water front, their brightness intenal lied by the enveloping gloom. A train of Pullmans rumbles in from the ferry dock with a great Jangling )f bells and creaking of wheels as the brakes take hold. In the stillness of the night the racket is magnified a thousandfold, but the town slumbers on. Above the Incessant clang of the lo Lcomotive bell and the hiss of escaping steam there comes to the ears of the wayfarer from the States a sound that instantly claims his attention-the rhythmic tramp, tramp, of feet, hun ireds, thousands of them it seems, as i. the faint staccato becomes a muffled it roar. There is no resisting its lure. The wayfarer turns in his tracks and waits. . "Left-turn!" rings out the crisp II command close at hand and, with w. wheel-like precision, a column of r marching men in the familiar olive r drab rolls into view around the corner. e "Yanks, sure as I'm alive!" exclaims t the man from the States as he falls a nto step and follows along the side ,f walk. t Yes, Yanks-Uncle Sam's own . ioughboys on their way to Berlin via d the western front, and out to lmber d ap and get a breath of fresh air while a new engine is being hooked up. On they come, alert, keen-eyed fel lows fresh from the training camps, v iplendid Americans all, and eager for a Srush with the Hun. Still the town slumbers-it is accus tomed to such sights; but to the Amer SIcan, taken unawares, It Is an inspiring y thing. Far up the street, an oasis in the i black desert of night, a friendly light e beacons. As the column approaches t the boys recognize the familiar out lines of a fruit stand. The enterprising merchant knows all about these mid Snight "parades" and is prepared. A thousand pairs of eyes turn hungrily to bpuches of yellow bananas dangling from their hooks, but the trim young sergeant is looking straight ahead. they are all business, those sergeants. The man from the States has seen t t all; it is his chance A crisp Ameri can bank note quickly changes hands and presently there Is an empty hook where a bunch of banans hung a mo nent before. Magicaly, it seems, the Soveted fruit has foad its way into the rear ranks. Like a cork in a rough ea the bulky thing s tossed along Srom line to line, growing constantly smaller until the bare stalk is thrown into the gutter, leaving a hundred bulging pockets in its wake. Thus did one patriotic fund sub Scriber do an extra "bit" for the boys of the olive drab. At any rate, he wore the patriotic fund emblem on his roat. Get Complete Family Record. Sugar records now being kept in grocery stores are causing some per turbation on the part of grocery men. Since the food administration lim lted the amount of ugar a family San use per month, the .grocers have had to keep track of the amount sold to each customer. For this purpose they use a sort of book, or ledger, in which the cus tomer's name and address, and other ,Information pertaining thereto, are Srecorded. Since most of the purchasers are women, It can be imagined that the grocers' task, sometimes, is not so easy, but the women, realising that the Information must be given, have gracefully accorded It, Nor Is that all. Grocers do tell that they gef more Information than they have any need for. Here's how It is: "They Insist on telling me all about little Johnny, and what little Ssiel Is doing today, and-why, say, since we started this here sugar record, we know the complete family history of all oar Customers." Now what do you know about that? * -Washington Star. « Modern Armor. The soldiers of old went forth to ' fight, clad in cumbersome and expen uive armor, which, while serving as a protection, nevertheless hindered I them from putting forth their best fighting strength. Today Martin Je lallan, an inventor of Rhode Island, 0 has made it possible for a soldier to be protected by armor. He io one of t several dosen Inventors who have re invented the coat of mall. 0 The device is a bulletproof metaliHe structure, which surrounds the body and extends from the top of the shbol ders to below the thighs. This steel ^ coat consists of two like parts held t' together across the chest by means I of strnps. Hooks attach the coat to a semi-eylindrical pieces of metal which * fit closely about the upper part of the. leg and are fastened behind by straps. The inner surface of the armor is * padded. The head is protected by a 8 lined ,mask composed of the same t metal.-Popular Sclence Monthly. e Genuine Motives, Not until the cutile is probed through and the sensitive etise HI touched do we really fel the mr geon's keen lancet Are we going to qqlirm and evade the palonfudl Ises of our war tasks only to let the un- k feeling cuticle of indiferenee close over festering sores entailing eve more harassing agony later, erhapet A test Implies comparam. WIhen give up some asecdatse- flty de you stop to eempre t- s-waee wI h -the n- oi eassr i* *s"-u- - b. Lace and Satin Dinner Gown i· . Ha ig.'::... :·:-:,i :i : :::y~~:·::~:: I Bi:"pr *:· 3a Eis It always takes exceptions to prove the rule and to keep certain accepted styles from becoming monotonous. The handsome dinner gown which presents Its brilliant accomplishment in black and white with such assurance here is ta exception to the straight-line silhou ette. It belongs to a small and exclu sive company of exceptions to this fea ture of the styles for fall. for the straight-line figure grows more popular all the time and is destined to domi nate in the styles of the coming sea son. Allover lace and black satin join forces in the tunic skirt and bodice. There is an underskirt of white satin bordered with black. The tunic is set onto a body of black satin Ihat forms a short yoke extending a few inobes below the waistline, and has a border of black satin about its lower edge. The lace bodice is very simply draped over its satin foundation and the sleeves are of lace--rather full above the elbow and shaped to the arm be Simple, Elegant Afternoon Gown Magnlficence Is not a characteristic ot say of the dressuer gowns for after noon and evening these days but they rejoice In smplldty and elegance. Them are the Indispesable things In war time. and the most satisfactory In any time. Ingenluty In the manage meat of simple trimming takes the place of lavish wrk In elaborate em broderles. About all the chance left for lmlady to be splendid In sumptu oua clothes Ues In the direction of furs Among these there are some s perb pleces, but they are bought for a lifetime and so their case and that of gowns are not parallel. They are allowable even when good taste for bids other extravagance. An afternoon frock a presented in the picture seems almost too smaple to need a descriptlon. It it of blue georgette over an underallp of satin and Is made with a bodice and tncl skirt. The tonic Is plaited onto the plain crape bodice at the waistline, which Is a little higher than the nor mal walstline of the undersUp. Straight bands of satin are applied to the bodice. One of them at each side extends over the shoulder and down the back. The three bands on the - - -- - ----" - Rubberized Silk Bags Among the modish bathing acces slons are bags of thin rubberized silk. Sometimes these are hand-paigted. A lovely model in green was beautifully ornatented In a goldfsh design. There was a cap to match. Alry, Fairy Hte far. ummer. The lght arlres ad the summe hats Is one o the met charmint fta tore at the someEr. rar aU aes d «r ilp t U1W -le *b IW t". 4rr lu~ar low. They extend a little way over the hand and are finished with a nar row binding of satia. A bit of white georgette suggests an underbodice of this lovely fabric, where it shows through the lace at the shoulders and above the satin at the square neck. If this gown started out with a dec laration of Independence as to its out lines, it makes amends by making the most of the vogue for long silk tassels. There Is a very long girdle of the satin that is wrapped about the waist, crossed at the back and looped over at the left side. The ends, finished with long, handsome silk tassels, fall to the bottom of the tunle and a llttle below the bottom of the skirt. This gown Ia becoming to almost any type of figure. It Is digniied and quiet, but It is also brilliant In the picture a big black satin poppy adds Its fine silken sheen to the fnish of an exquisite frock. It is In black also, but might be In some brilliant color it occasion seemed to demand it. front and back oaf ( bodee between tboh at the sdes, are patId at the top. They all hang several iches b low the watat ad the ead et each bed is threaded throuh a ead. Two them narrow dlk bands are tacked about the watt ad the hads that are applied to the bodle are threaded orr sad under them and thea tacked i them. The eadsa baeg ee. The same bends la Sv overappla rows are titched shot the tunse ju shove Its hem. This is all there it t tel oa a pretty afterne gown whch onn must ceKnowledge achieve dip tnction by the mptee mseas. The rooad seck has a vimt edge and a have the leeves at the wrt. The could not be plainer ad they ft the arm from shoulder to band. CamOteIagRg Meth Heoles. Moth holes a gr msts can be die. gulted by scrapln the ofa or int from the material, flDn the hole with this and becklno It wit a pleese rubber cement daytime wear there are these of par ties and weddinp molel with diap. anou, transparent brim at malla, sometnmes draped, Sametlme deftly plaited, sometlmes effectively oam blned with white satin. Georette it partlo popular In white, shll pinak. sand and navy blue. grsly aothig dander or pretter was ever degae to wear with sumer OUS e' a 4160 a1 2- .&a& a Z ^S^a"? ONE JUNE NIGHT By LOUisa OLIVR. (Coprigbt. 1, b the McCltre News per Sjdleste.) It wau a high Ira fence covered with honeysuckle-the one between the Harringtons and the Nele--and with every year's growth of the vine and a every twig Interlaced to thicken the density of the green wall, the barrier of hate between the two tamilies bad likewise grownn vast proportion&. ,The vine-covered fence Itself com memorated the beginning of the feud, for, as Is usually the case, it had start ed with a disagreement about the boundary line. To arbitrate a quarrel Is not to set tie It. Neither aide winning, there is no one to forgive. So he Harringtons and the Neals nursed their hate Into the second generation, and still It grew. Violet Harrington, the last and only one at home now. had always hated Dr. Wilbur Ieal bitterly.. She hated him chiefly because he had always seemed politely and supremely nldif ferent to her. He was almost the only man In town who had not sooner or later lost his heart to her. Violet had always been the envy of every girl in Coburg, because she was the prettiest and most popular. Naturally accus tomed to homage, she resented the fact that Will Neal paid so mich attention to his books to the exclusion almost of everything else. Now she was twenty-eight and he was thirty, and neither of them was married. Knowing that she could have anybody, she had taken nobody. Now she was alone In the great house. It was June and a wonderful moon light night. Violet pat out under the maple tree in the yard, near the fence, In a soft white dress, stroking Dick, her Persian cat, and whispering little secrets In his ear. "It's a lovely night. Dickie. Do you mmell the roses? Listen I That soft little murmur Is the voices of the love fairies. Do you bear? They slide down on the moonbeams to the roses on June nights and plan whom they shall enslave next. Then they mix a sort of magic out of dew and fragrance, and fly with it to the chosen ones and anoint them. After that it's all over, Dick. That love potion never falls. "I suppose you're wonderin& Dick, why they never chose me. rye often wondered, too. I wonder why they never did. There are so many splea did, wonderful men, I wonder why I never loved any of them. Im getting awfully old. Dick. Some day I'll be walking with a stick. Oh, Dick. I wish I could love somebody. I don't want to be old and lonely and ugly." Her head went down on the soft esat and a tear dropped. Suddenly there was a chirping ad' luttering in the vines, and Diek im mediately Jumped down to nvestigte. A Ifedgling had dropped out of ita ast and got tngled hiu the leaves. iolet umped out of th swing d hurrd after hm Bot I the . she reached tkh'v eleasel at had worked his sinoM way %a Its very heart. Stoepig, sh reNO , nto the black shadows for r her t. But he was gone When she tried to straighten aiM found she could not. Hr hair-4 wea dertul copper, the chief charm to ' beauty, was caught cruelly by l thick, twisted branches. bhe toek eat the plns and tried to work it fret, bt it was useless. She found she eaM sit comfortably enough, ut that was no help to matters. be couldn't On, there all night; too far back from th street to be heard, and so oae near bt the hated house of her eighber. Suddenly she heard a voice. It masculine and quite sear. She prd through the teace, and In the mMaM-. light sw a swing m ch like her own and In it a man amalkg a elgatte. Between puffs he was talking to a white bulldog on the opposite seat. The man was Wilbur Neal and' h was n uniform. She started. She had not bead he had Joned the army. "Rage, Its belly ngt, I't Itr said Doctor Neal." I woder if they have snights ke dthis rPrsee? Bat of course they hav, only I sp. pee Ill be too bka to notiee them. "It's funny, Is't It, Rag, bow we waste time ed waste it, aad a- ay realise what thing mean to ua wb theyre about goee? rlntane, the. is a girl I like very mueb-very mie Indeed. And she hates me and sh tbaks I hate her; and boame I Idit Bow e bw to ovreerme r dtselr u I ut let It go. And ew Its tee bteo to do anything abot It. Too bad, tmt it? And it nothitg happea to n e a this war, and I eome baek, F ll g into a cranky eld ma withot fItda, Isnt It slly rve watched her lw p, andl she's a ine, aftal woma, wel as beautlitf. Adt hve oe( lr becae I haven't any eosurag. ut r've courage toelnght, I believe, Rage f wonder what she'd say I I wrt ever there? It's only net door, Rga." But Rags had beard sometast. A white shadow had asohed eat of a aedge, then lo agaln. t was teeo t oar canine eodmurano. "Come here, Ragl Don't you bst thatat It's hers. Rage come aerr But ie was barking at something more substantial thm a shadow, and refsia to move, his mater followed. So Doctor Neal ound Vtelr Bar ringtoa a prisomer, and had to go around to her side to elease her. Two hours later, when be had taken a rdeaetant leave. Violet burled her bead happily n Dick's soft coat. "It mt have bee the leve falrie Dick." sMe w edse "rsm gng to - marry hia." Dut Wtdmil. A Dutch wadmill l gio aat ipepe tonaa staads in GelMea Oat park in lau rancse. It l amad to e t largest in the world. hen ia BiHeag, the land of wiadmill. t is id, tha la aot one that comes up to Its la, it ts U feet high; ts win·gs ave a raduos of T feeti l a elOIle brsus it pumps 0~MD galleos a haew therea a 1S1-tc pipe. whlh eairio the wate to a distanee of two les d a height of 0 W et. It wana WI~II I dri A,