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by. CARLILE P. WINSLOW. Director. Forest Products Laboratory. [Address at Decennial Celebration, July L2-23, 19)20.] OltEST products laboratory is a fed eral institution under the forest r-rvice of the United States I)epart ment of Agriculture, and is located at Madison, WVis. The results of the exprimtents made at this institution are. open to the public, and Infor mation on any of the subjects treat ed briefly in this article may be ob tained in detail from the laboratory free. This is the only large institu tion of its kind in the world, al Magl a number of other countries are now plan .JItg. t adopt the idea. Rudyard Kipling once Twelve hundred million men are spread K'" ;-' About this eirth and l and you ca, Wonder, when you and I are dead What wil those luckless millions dot Swe sauge s the osing lines e this stansa - tii I and you wil der. when all the trees are gone, *What will those luckless millons dot U1 tIstream of the Kipling humor dlsap. .' mand we are osuonronted with a question of wr e conslderation and actics. OT t !l it ortued the breoad problems would y berecr reeped if we view ,010 sasmswtat less aitstle and " " ndpelut and consider only the u a a peoplen within the borders ofat thelM Rnstnes Consider for a eswmetthe ea e forest products ester ian tMi c n sad pleasures orf many, it apt * sb Mest mulitade Of people thre proroag yea wooden bed oir the !uoot atm mti d in-, ero mlth a fro a in h ale rob .,..i.. ` 1 b wboay ,04 h ý agg u, s i t s ' par adpr ess.a1S woe a den - of sad tls i bt lasivt :,j1 ' ,lt pas ~h e 4* es .~ . ere assess - se reas nt u bas t We ear ha do r 0'. 4 pipes eS * of PI.* *lhOity O ~s lele theb~~ *~ r~~~F ,5 : 5, ihabupm 4 ,I~t~~''~ m ,17 *"ý ý. ýý',., s... -- ý _' 3. ..ý i ý ý f. ..ý t 't, +" *.ViLi !lIkinc e liee Dothe\v{)rk;" f'wo ... !, A,-, Q re 'Al S - - - . . ' " " -. - - .. . ' organise, correlate, co-ordinate and direct such effort must, in the long run, bring greater prog ress, in less time, with less expnse and with greater savion. Work of this character requires the services of highly-trained specialist! along widely varying ilnes. 'The foresteo's knowledge of tree growth is necessary to the engineer studying the mechanical properties of various trees in order that be may wisely select for study those species which are, or may become, available for use. The engineer's hnowlqdge is secqsary to the physicist engaged in probleme of drying wood in order that the effect of such uatetment on the mechanical properties may nt be overlooked. The pathologist's knowl edge is necesary both to the engineer and physicist in order to-etermlne the efect of decay 'e the propertles unde tinvestigation and equally is his knowledge necessary to the cheamist pur suing his work on the development of durable wateresistant glnes, e preservatives to prevent decay, and on prevention of decay n 'pulpwood and wood pulp. The knowledge of the dendrol ygt Is neessary to all in order that the Identity e the speies under study may be determined with certaaity, and ti order that pecullirities of their strnmu s enatear may et e o awosked. JA ofr such me pereided with Eper e materials and faiUties for Work eanast in th La - run fall to secure results 4 --vahe. It i.n sk an organisation that we bede attemad to deelop. L aball make no at. tempt to dedlcr 't I detail. Sace it to say that' girle i 117 it coprised a personnel of . aapulately 'A sepandin during the net 18 a ths to a60, e at prese~ t ineludes stubtly Mg .lý t- that inat.e The aggregate eg bpemiree - * othe ts tern-year parkd are toin the »IbS. f aof two amien dollar-a yearly emseeadseet Pao0OO This tis but an' lb. sis+leat, f tum when the breadth o the aeld and aataude of the problems are eonsidered. The " ita 49 much oL the wer cannot, of course, be 4 Is l th l dollaens ad restn Certain other re tai, umareer, emahl the use of sucth a yard aeasere, and a few them will, I am sure, esare to eoaine e that erganised ndamtrial tewt Is a paying propoeltaem. 'lth. 'beidl god cd strauetion rade, for eC sats acest aual .aip ppruolmately five and a iM blia Oa, for stV ea purpoes where :bMest b ti. at ý .- mteal .is worth -m .AC1'itlAIAOQ Investigations at the forest P bl ahesapry en the mechanial properties e- .j weeds hs gives knowledge permit tia. r 1 per cmt macrse hri allowable working strea ia t s et ctua bers. / Thi menes a poe alin'blu stt t $*11A0O aanullyI If results are actually 1fitt to only 10 per cent of such ma amri, ~op es saving will equal S.00,oo00. The daimas for Ioss and idamge to commodities Ia alguset gethall pyaid by the raihlads amount to $IA)aK .a mialy. Proper naUling devel dpe -ad mesemuemded by the forest products lehtser, mad adapted ,14 the Natlal Assoela v~l'Et eS #a ufractqweg, and through them by -_u3 mpam elesnd E hlppers, If conservatively elabted (o ve but I per cet.of this this los means i sah savingr of isUeoo s a year. wrih water reeilstau giueu and plywood for rtpam car nisd at the laboratory during the war t q Pyase *i saved the War deparm ent U Di.s tnhe pu.rast skh asterial e l.ii' a1 sOsths peated. tiputse e 0strte lheratpy durs · ` t gear agp ing th=e I. o ff i eber a nelttl Unatei for prP and paper, ' tp0S tateSa 11r lhjs ptrpose, -i> in the !e mlameu o- amnes .rfi.ýr:-- . ram-- -. .g b w : m bnau1. oo t ZVI"'~~C~L;iia11iQI~3U~I day, and an annual sales value of over $15.000.000 Improved methods of turpentining developed by the forest service resulted In increased yields an( less Injury to timber with net savings aggregatin& $4,000,000 per year. These few samples alone show combined annual increases In production and decrease in waste aggregating $30,000,000. They should serve to crystallize for you the value and importance of Industrial research. Results, of course, cannot be obtained overnight. Patience is required and efforts are not always quickly crowned with suc cess, but it cannot be doubted that over any rema sonable period of years, economies resulting from organized research so greatly exceed the expense involved that there can be no question of its de srability. The lumber and wood-using industries represent some of the greatest And most important manufac taring and industrial developments qf the country. Of the nation's industries they rank second in invested capital, first in labor employed, and see ind in annual value of products. The forest prod acts laboratory is the only institrtlon of organ ized research engaged upon the problems of these Industries, and those problems yet untouched and unexplored are many and of far-reaching Impor tance. What. for example, of the possibilities which may result from the development of per manently durable and water--coof glues or ad hemives and their application to the use of ma terial too small or too poor a urade for other serv ice? What of their application to forest economies through the increased value thus given to small second-growth material? What of the sulphite-pulp liquor problem involv ing the possibility of utilizing the 55 per cent of the wood fed into the pulp digesters, and now lost in the waste sulphite liquors? What of the problems of packing, boxing and crating of va rious materials and commodities for shipment and transportation when conservative estimates show a possible theoretical annual saving to the coun try of three hundred million dollars? What of the need for improvement and the method of treat ment and handling of piling and dock timbers in water infested with marine borers which destroy the piling within 18 months after placement and casse an annual replacement aggregating milliont of dollars in the various harbors of the nationi What of the waning supply of hardwoods and the need for authentic knowledge of the properties of- South American and other foreign woods at compared to those of our own country for whict they may ultimately be needed as substitutes? Blight progress and success applied to only r small per cent of even the limited field ahove suggested, will result in annual savings greatel than the total expenses for the entire forest prod acts laboratory for the Iast ten-year period. Suet savings, of course, will not result only from re search within the confines of the laboratory. bu will necessitate the disseminealon and applicatlor of these results in industrial sere,*e. The log yard shown in the photograph repro duced herewith hat! probably held more specie of wood than any other in :the world. The log. ar cut by an electrical sawmill. Another photograph shows the main buildinj only of the six needed to house the experinenita equipment of the laboratory. The third photograph gives a glimpse of tih apparatus used in making cattle food from saw dust. The sa'Pdust is being raked out of th tasting cylinder. Fifteen minutes' cooking li this cylinder with dilute acid under steam pre sure converts a part of the wood into sugar ani readers the remainder digestible Feeding experi ments are now in progress and show that thr cows thrive on a 'tone-quarter sa dust ration." brain cells shattered in prodlgious wrestlag matches with decimal trac dtons, logarithmss, algebraic absurdl ties, geometric obs6urities have con stituted an ~earmous waste. It i ~ew tapt the msthematldans hamv awakened to the fact that their -.jt W sher i ,, ageep : ap the Ita CONDENSED bc CLASSI CS ~d 20,000 LEAGUES 'to UNDER THE SEA hi By JULES VERNE Condensation !y w James B. Connolly ; r Jules Verne was w born at Nanten. ( February .8 1%t. Though he had gone to Paris to to study for the bar in he followed In the footsteps of the lesgion who have found the Idle hi ruomeatm of the it; law a ,leasaut or- to camion o t , wandering tni agl nation. The opera of and the stage at y o tracted hint, but it ,as not 1ug before he discov- r ered field ,hich It he made als own. al that of Imaginary o)yages to any Ieipounible places to which his whimsy might direct him. i for nhich. however, he had prepared I.r a [llte table and moade nil aorts of asl eatific preparation in the most minute way. Such ima~lnary trips have been made by wrters from lHomer's days to % those of it. G. Wells, and the guides lr have Included such personages as Vir gil, Dante, ('yrano de Bergerac, Dean m Swift and Daniel Defoe. But none have to been more matter of fact or more III brilliant in carrying of the matter. and A the marvels of lcience In the present war have brought Jules Verne and his n delightful day dreams to the minds of all. re Perhaps the most famous trips were those to the "Center of the Earth,' "From the Earth to the Mooq," W'Twen ty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea." and "Around the World In Eighty to Days." All the lanaglages of the world haow the tales, and most theatern know the last names, as well as "MS- 115 chael Strogof." e He died at Amlena, where hia home fr has long been pointed out, March 24, tosto ht I WAS leaning forward on the star board bulwark, my servant Con sell beside me, when the voice of fr Ned Land, the big harpooner, broke G the silence. "Look! There is the thing we are looking for!" he cried. L We all saw the sea monster, or whatever it was, which we had been tt hunting for months. It made off as H we charged. We gave chase. Through- le out all that night and next day we st pursued. We stopped. It stopped. at Once it allowed us to creep close to ul It; and as we crept it rammed us. , The shock of collision threw me into di the sea. I would have drowned Ifut for ti my faithful Consell. He supported me at to the hard metallic back of the mon- tr ster. Here we were joined by Ned tl Land. As we were resting there, eight ft masked men came through a hatch and drew us down into the bowels of tl what we now saw was not a monster, w but a strange kind of sea craft. Thus hi began the strange voyage with that A remarkable character who called him- ti self Captain Nemo, and in that strange wonderful ship which he called the v Nautilus. The Nautilus was a cigar-shaped steel ship of 232 feet in length, 26 feet g beam and 1,500 tons dead weight. F There were two hulls, one inside the a other joined by T-shaped irons, which sl rendered them of almost uncrushable a strength. She was driven by electric fi engines of tremendous power. Tanks which could be alled or emptied at u will 'enabled her to cruise on the sur- o face or under the water as she pleased. c She wais fitted with all kinds of n working andl lounging quarters. In av library were books on the sciences, morals, literature of almost every lan- t I guage. There was a drawing room r with a luminous teiling which served a also as a museum, and into which an e Sintelligent hand had gathered shubma- a rine treasures of the world: the rarest r Sshells, pearls of all colors and beyond price, every variety of undersea vege- c tation; also paintings of the masters, admirable statues in marble anda bronze, a great organ piano. e From the inside of her a staircase 1 e. led to a platform or deck from which n rose two cages, partly enclosed by t y thick glasses. One cage was for the t d helmsman, the other contained an elec- I s tric searchlight to light the course - ? of the ship in dark waters. On this t e platform also was a place wherein was s stored a long-boat. 5 Captain Nemo was tall and robustly- I h built, with pale skin, lofty brow, and I the fine taper hands of a highly nerv , ous temperament. He spoke French. ' e English, German, Latin, all equally r well. He may have been thirty-five, 1 . he may have been fifty years old. I h It was on November 6, 1866. with e the coast of Japan in view, that this 1 st strange captain told us we were pris n oners for him to do with as he pleased. "And now," he added. "our course is I - ER. N. E. and our cruising depth 20: s fathoms. I leave you to the resources I gs of these quarters and your own a 3 fiections." Wg We remained mute, not knowing al what surprise awaited us. Suddenly a dazzling light broke I. on us. We saw e that only glass panels separated us from . a sea which was Illuminated far to ie either side by the powerful electric in gleams from the ship. T hat a spec e. tacle I An army of undersea creatures Id escorted us. They were various and ri. beautifutl in the clear water, many ke known, but hundreds unknown to us. We heard and saw nothing of the as CAT HAS NEVER SERVED MAN 1l- Only One of All the Beasts That Re. - mains UneoqueredJ and Refuses be Obey Centoand. lrr Why dose the dog, by natre, wags mrtal wartuare on the cat? A wrter gives the follolag reams: He. Is-lersat ot ober domestle oa Samrns. 5 eat Is mt a deestle C - p~,,;~·.;:. .·;·-" ll captain for several dayp; then amne a note Inviting us to a bout on the bottom of the sea. We donned diving suits. then fastened on a sort of knap sack which furnished ur. not only with air to breathe, but with the liight to 8( see our w y. We carried air-guns which iired 'lass Ibullets heavily charg ed with 41e.tricity. which had only to touch the r(ost pow,, tftl l lniinlol , kill On him. A connetit tait ou tlltent fileli with ,':tter hlt it, into the' sea. Awl thus e'qtuilj'i.d v..;|thii oi the bottom of the clear neatln, we' killed our gatme with e~ ,s,' andl ilth"ut lll:an r. 'That hnutt wa:' Ltt the lirst of the Slt' wornders ,f t 1:e c'n-' . Oniward we 11: rllshed, t (mill.e! t , on the surface. so tetitlles utl lar ti., ea. There as .r. our tilit with the immell nse de It-lfl-ti I whicih o41nce in a hutlZe 'shI.oli entiiisheli the N:autiilns. There w:as the visit t, a wondrftul pearl tishery, v here ('::p- nt tain Nvnlo sholt ed uIs a 1nolluse with- ' in whoe ja\\s w\\ a tpearl w\eihin: " perhaps ,54) orunrl-. Sonim' tday h. Wlouldl return and pI11 ,uc that trle'ulr al' l hut not yet-every year was :tllinr i, ar its value. We visited the sk4 letns i ,:' long-stniken ships. the c.rps,, of :h. I drowned cre.wV still c'linit.- to tthe hlll'ti :; t of sonice. 'We Ittntelt ill the Iti ' a i'tla jr islantis where Il'te N:i utilus was tt ttcked by tthe mtive nsa :ta..es. .n ele- a tric curranrt turnedti th".iil ack shockedtl and hoiwling ere they could clitnhfl aboard. W'hen one of the crerw diied ('Captlain Nemo 1had him tburied ;n a coral ctlde- to in the So th PI'atilic'. 1.ter' 'as i' cross of redt co'ral that looked lke' pl.tritiel ilou,. It was a wonderrful. i4: SOletntl sigh to Set the ptll-t'iare'r' with the dead body (n their sh.ul'liers, annd all tread:ingl so re'verentially tlhe way fromt tlh ship to the ctli ce'tl tery, where at the foot of the cross il tile ,bodly was interred and covered uip. All knelt in prayir. C(', ntain Neinl wais the lanst to leave. "Yotur dead sleep quietly out of the h reach of sharks," I i-aid when we were back on the Nautilus. "Of sharks and tren." he replied. We voyaged under colossal icebhergs to the South Pole and all but perished there, escaping from an icy tomb only as our last breath of storage air wsas se exhausted. Wonderful was our passage from the Red sea into the Mediter- o ranean by means of a subterranean tunnel under the isthmus. (This was m before the digging of the Suez canal.) at There we witnessed the transfer of a m million dollars' worth of gold ingots from the Nautilus to the vessel of a Greek diver. Whence came this store of gold? Later we learned. In Vigo hay, on the Spanish coast, the Nautilus came to rest on bottom. Here in 1702 a fleet of Spanish gal- bi leons were sunk, and here from this sunken treasure more than a century and a half later thfi ruler of the underseas came and helped himself p whenever it pleased him. "Five nun dred millions were there," said Cap- st tdin Nemo. "but not now. Do you see now how with these and the other treasures of my domain I could pay the national debt of France and not feel it?" We had now been six months aboard the Nautilus. For me. the scientist, it was a voyage of ceaseless interest; h( but not so for Consell and Ned Land. th At their request I pleaded with Cap tain Nemo for our liberty. "You came to my ship without In vitation. You will now remain here." was his grim answer. r We had left the southern hemi sphere and were in the waters off a France and the British islands when we were pursued by an armed war ship. Flying no colors, she attacked at once. Her cannon shot rebounded from our Iron hull. Captain Nemo. pointing to her, said: a "I am the oppressed, and there is my a oppressor. Through him I have lost ; country, wife. children, father and mother. Why should I withhold my vengeancef' He called out his orders. The Nan tilus sank below the sea. We felt her rushing forward, felt the shock of her steel ram piercing the hull of the en emy. Through the glass panels we saw her doomed crew crowding the ratlines, clinging to the rails, strug gling in the sea. The Nautilus passed on. I saw captain Nema go to his room and kneel before the portrait of a woman and two little children. "How long, O Lord, how long!" he cried out. We steamed north, to that part of I the Norwegian coast where lies that dreaded maelstrom which draws Into itself all floating things. The Nautilus -was It an accident --was drawn in to the whirlpool. Around and around she whirled. Even her steel hull felt the strain; we could hear bolts being pulled out from her girders. The I long-boat was torn from its place on deck and hurled like a stone Into the whirlpool I lost consciousness. , When I came to myself, I was in a Loffoden fisherman's hut, and Consell and Ned Land were chafing my hands. So ended our voyage of 20.000 leagues under the sea. What became of Captain Nemo and his strange craft I do not know. I hope his power ful ship conquered the maelstrom,. even as I hope, if he lived, that his philosolphy and powerful will finally conquered his desire for vengeance. Copyright, 1919. by Post Publlshing 'o. (The Boston Post). All rights reserved Worth the Price of Admission. "Although a frequent patron of the movies, I'm afraid Mr. Jlbway Is not what yon would call a motion picture fan." I "When I asked him what he got out Sof the movies that gave him the great est enjoyment he said, "A nup!"-Bir a mingham Age-Herald. Such animals as refused to own man's sway were either exterminated or else banished to the uttermost wilds. All except the cat. The cat re fased to be driven into the wilderness. Also she refused to serve man. except for killing mice, whict is her sport, not br labor. Still anconquered, loyal only to her Sslf and scorning work or service, the - aMt chose the warmest corner of the hlth a proe~ded to a·sr the .1rtr lpmml am m HAS FALLEN LOW Berlin's Famous Brandenburger Thor a Byword. Once Known Throughout the World the Shrine of German Militarw It Is Now a Joke. One eo the imo't striking physical signs. of the detnilitarization of Ger liuny is ;In the degradation of the fa mlu, lraint ltburger Thor, Germttany's ::rh of triuiiph. at the head of Unter leli Lin il'l. \\rites Guy Hickok In the l 'Ii, kli n Eagle. i'r n-tar x:itors to P.riln will re nto i,er t hi atrl'h asu the very shrine If t4. r' :n t lita'riri In d Katiserliche mit ,r'ity'. ,: nu, butI hi" itmprlal majesty was alloked to riAve through the center 4ach. A ..1 . ,r l , ,f the sn,:.rtest so t': (- in the ikrin n army wVI'as quar i. rid there, .\u"r really to soap into ih, t'.t (.:,, o ,tt- rigidity at the up Ir', It iof L' hi ei ranking officer. I t.s r'" ! i:;t 'ni arch manty times x1 i ..-1i nhit" '.er such an officer 1o ", ti , :hi--l' Iulr-st into a poer ft'eet fvveir n tin.lling trol Ist ttering Iwh ,.. th, . L: 'I,'st drove by. Or llh :;ry ;t ik h:tl i, laive the sidewalk ,,w 'evL " -h ,i , <.vd tlr iver, push ."t itu .h I,': ' t list or news vttnder Iln.] it :i t-,:it to co throtgh the ce+ite'r 'lbi n il nie nti o thr. Tl'lh.re i ea , iutoi of soldiers of au}. r' t ton I :1r',. A th,,l<a ! ?-a t, lr:' -if there were luht ily, :l 't arbdle through with 'I t-i- a," ;r4 t u iltttiis ~ thntnp. Th"'l ift' li1 elr ln 1, (h1lllip. One Tioor you't if the it l rit pTn lice. not over w\ Il itirntiel, .t"iti on a blok tof stone, with aot an ato of ponip in hitm. No onie in Ilirlin is so humble as to (do him honor. No one thinks of letV ing the sidewalk for hitn. In fact he has to have ai fence in front of him self to keep from being pushed aside by civilians. If he tried to exercise the authority of a New York policeman he would be mobhed. He assumes no control over street traffic or anything else. He merely 4tands. Occasionally, but very seldom, a civilian stops to sta him the way to somewhere, and he dit out his little street directory and gives his answer meekly, embarrased at having attract ed attention. The once proud arch itself is plas tered with tattered white placerds as big and as plentiful as our American wartime Liberty loan posters. But the words and the purpose of the placards are quite different. They are there, not to increase military strength, but to reduce it. They are part of the German government's at tempt to obey the disarmament con ditions of the Versailles treaty and the big letters on them read: "Deliver Up Your Weapons." The smaller letters explain that the government must turn over to the en tente the rifles that the soldiers took home with them when the army fell to pieces after the armistice, and of fer a premium for early surrender. The Brandenburger Thor, used as an instrument for the weakening of German militarism, is as complete a reversal of purposes as if our our own Statute of Liberty were fitted inside with prison cells for editors who In sist on a free press. Immense Deposits of Coal. Coal fields with a thickness of vein of six feet and with an estimated area of 16.000.000 square feet have recently been discovered at a depth of 26 feet below what hitherto has been regarded as the bottom of the "Svea mine" In Spitzbergen, accord ing to adv'ces from Consul General Murphy at Stockholm. None but expert miners have been employed at the Svea mine because of the dificulty in working the old 80 centimeter vein, but In the new veis unskilled labor may be used. Ma chinery will be used to break out the coal, thereby increasing and cheapen ing the output. During the present year 36.000 tons are expected to 4 produced, as against 18,000 In 1919. while in 1921 It is estimated that the output will reach 72,000 tons. Chines. First in Field. Of the many debts that Europe and America owe to China. not the least is that of the manufacture of ceram tes. The Chinese were the original producers of vitrified translucent white nlre which to this day among the English-speaking races bears the name of china. The Italians first named this ware porcelain, but the English, owing to the frequent use of the Per. sian word "ehni" by the Italians. called it china. The growth of the Industry is one of the many marvels of the world. Its history is as anpcient a that of the pyramlnls. Sahara Desert Spreading. A stetidy southern ligranion of cer tain tribes In the interior of Africa has perplexed tr:,velors, but a acurious ex ntih*litiotn has lnow bee ti geltel by P. W. l1. Migo-d, an i nghish geologist. lls view is that the irihes of the (uhoon and MIyein ('otio have been torcod into nonjdic habits by the in creasing growth tand lexpansion of the Sahabra desrL t ra sy plains iand woodeI ahills of the lltime of Heredo- " tus have been transformed into san A tiastes. It is estimated that the des. , ert IhA graown 2"4 metetrs a year, of 1it0 miles in 1.5t00 yIr. s. Earth'. Oil Distributed in Pores, References to "lakes" or "streatm~ of oil atre frequentlyl made by pereo- l unfamiliar with petroleum geology. by thoee who wish to mislead thi The fact is that a so-called of oil consists really of a ma ' sand saturated with it. or san a of crystalline limestone or pe'gme " containing oil in its pores. Re terranean hollow filled with 4 ! as the novice pletures, eer . found, and the locatlees t i dry wells dearly a t"ga.T'hmUSt -eplar Mehals