Newspaper Page Text
THE BANNER=DEMOCRAT
VOL. XIII. LAKE PROVIDENCE. EAST CARROLL PARISH, LA., SATURDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1900 .32.
IIES FOR THE FAIR SE I~
NOTES OF INTEREST ON NUMEROUS no
FEMININE TOPICS.
Is
Earrings of Pearls and Brilliants-Erin's !C
Joan of Aro-Librarians in England- to
Whea One Is Traveling-Mourninl in ti
England-Etc., Etc. K
Earrings of Pearls and Brilliants
Among the earrings which are again B
becoming essential to the toilet are to
pearl acorns set into cups of small M
brilliants. This shows the tendency to et
ward hanging ornaments, and where in
they will end time alone can tell. 'May- lI
hap on the shoulders as in ye olden 2(
days. p
Erin's Joan of Aro:
Miss Maud (;onne, the beautiful Irish as
girl who is regarded by a section of It
the Irish Nationalist party as the Joan M
of Arc of Erin, lives more in France is
than in Ireland. Her gift of eloquence n
added to her beauty has naturally en
deared her to the French. Women
have always played a very considera
ble part in Irish politics, but of late tt
years Miss Gonne has been the only
prominent feminine personality con
nected with the Nationalists. Gonne is,
as all the world knows, a good old0
Irish name, and Miss Gonne numbers n
among her forefathers many distin- n
guished soldiers. fi
Librarians in England. o
By The Woman's Year Book, it ap- I
pears that no woman since 1894 has ri
occupied a prominent library position a
In Great Britain. This is the more b
remarkable, because in the United ti
States there are fewer men than wo- a
men who are filling positions as head n
librarians. There are many poorly paid tl
women assistants in England, the max
Imhm salary given there being about 5
equal to the minimum salary here, g
When One Is Traveiin. fl
A soft, light and pliant felt hat is a
an essential of every woman's ward- v
robe. For the journey there is no end ri
of comfort to be taken in it, and for fi
windy and stormy weather It has no ol
rival Quite a new thing in travelling p
shapes Is a round hat, which is gener- d
ally becoming and which is finished v
with a narrow velvet band and a pair fl
of Jaunty quills stuck in the side. tl
Some are in a delicate cream tone, a
and others in ul.aes, blacks, browns t(
and reds. Ouiers in a sort oof salor ,
shape are decorated with big flower- s
lihe rosettes of velvet and silk,
d
Mourning in Englanad ti
A friend of ours who visited London ti
tecently expressed astonishment at the q
ahbence of deep mourning in our parks
and promenades. "Why," she said, "I
expected to see almost every third per
ma wearing deep black, owing to the
fteartful losses In the war." It is true
that very deep mourning is becoming is
almost rare. Very few wear crape b
after the first four or five weeks of 0
bereavement. Even widows' weeds E
have now become so modified that one
hardly recognises them as "weeds" in
the usual meaning of that rather curl
ous expression. As to the widow's r
cap, it has now shrunk into a little t
mald-of-all-work's morning cap.
the maid-of-all-work's morning cap. E
Mourning seems to be actually going
out of fashion. Mrs. Patrick Campbell,
one of our best-known actresses, ap
peared at a bazar just a fortnight after
her husband had been killed at the
the front, and she wore a black chiffon
dress, thickly jetted; and a black chif
ton toque, trimmed with jet and os
trich feathers replaced the more usual
widow's bonnet.-"Madge," in Har
per's Basar.
Felt and Velvet In Winter Hats.
Felt will be a good deal used for
smart millinery, through not so much
as velvet; and, in some cases, the soft.
low crowns of toques, with narrow,
rolled brims of black tulle richly
spengled, are of pale pink, blue, or
mauve long-haired felt. A particular
shade of pinklnsh mauve-a pale plum
color-is much affected for felt. A hat
with a slightly waved brim of black
velvet has a beret crown in this mauve
felt. drawn up at the top through a
jet buckle. The trimming of this hat
consists of a bunch of satin roses in
several shades of the same color.
It will be seen from the preceding
that plumage Is by far the most usual
trimming, and that the choice in
this line of decoration Is large. Be
Ssides the kinds mentioned above, some
- use Is made of large balls of clipped
ostrich. I have taken note of two
models trimmed with these. The first
is a tricorne, which has a soft, full
crown of grayish-green velvet; bent
up agailnst this in three places is a
wide brim, made of double layers of
black net closely cross-Mlrred with
black chenille. Three balls of black
clipped ostrich ornament it on the left
side. The second is more simple, but
is also of the trieorne form, the three
Scornered effect being obtained by the
Swaving of the narrow brim; this and
S the low-domed crown are made of
alternate layers of brown and cream
felt. About the base of the crown is
twisted a piece of gold galon tied in
a small bow In front. On the left
side are two balls of clipped brown
eatrich, surmounted by a cllpped al
grette to ,atch.-Millinery Trade Re
view1
Women in the Klndike.
Miss B. A. Mulroney, of the Key
tone State, has become rich in Alaska.
Sbhe has executive ability and made it
tell for alU it is Worth. After three
years of splendid work she is returning
S home for a isit.
S She lives tia Dawson City, rufs a ho
tel, hars a mine, supermntends her own
gang" an&dhas made a name for her
ief.
Misrs Mdroney is a woman of re
mart8be energy. She possssee a
bo baames foresight that wold do eredit
- to a bsltmmess ma. Goia to the
a. doeIIhe at a time wlhen the elause
;-..... rpa-H p. aP
the result has been that she has out- i m
stripped those of the sterner sex who thi
have been connected with large busi
ness enterprises on the outside. tin
Faith and daring are not wanting in wi
her plans for all future operations. It on
is due to these qualities, and a rapid da
execution of all plans mapped out, that I ai
to-day she stands without a rival as la(
the most successful woman of the an
Klondike in mining, hotel management oa
and other large enterprises. Ith
People passing up and down Upper K
Bonanza this summer were surprised tI
to find a woman, in the person of Miss n
Mulroney, of Pennsylvania. actually
engaged in superintending the work
ings of her placer mine. Securing a
lay onia rich fraction between 2. and
20 above Bonanza, she had in her em
ploy twelve men, and was taking out sti
fully $1,000 a day.
As she expresses it: "I like mining, tr
and have only hired a foreman because
it looks better to have it said that a all
man is running the mine; but the truth
is that I look after the management dr
myself."-Philadelphia Record.
Winter Ribbont rn
Ribbons, except slightly as a garni
ture, have been rather in the back- vi
ground for several seasons past. It is fa
promised. however, that this winter
will see them again in renewed favor, or
Velvet and lace effects in silk gauze, o
most artistically handled, are promli
neat among those promised to be most PI
fashionable. Then usually the velvet
is of some light tint on a background
of black, white or some shade of yel
low. Extremely pretty ones have nsr- nf
row black velvet stripes alternating n
with Pompadour effects in colored
broclie. Satin or silk gauze founda- an
tions in delicate shades, with figures ls1
of black velvet or satin in relief, are tri
novel and striking designs among I
these new fall ribbons. or
From Paris comes an odd conceit in rig
Nos. 30 and 40, used there for millinery ta
garniture in large choux, or for a el
bodice adjunct in long loops and ends w
from the waist line in back without a
waist band. These ribbons have a vel- ti,
vet dot, about the size of a pea, sur- pt
rounded by gold or silver threads no
forming rays. Black and white, with- or
out any additional color, are given the all
preference. Sash-width ribbons In
double-faced satin, moire antique and
velvet, with handsome deep-knotted iii
fringe woven In the ribbon to finish
the ends, wif be quite a feature of
afternoon and evening gowns this win
ter. The narrow widths of all kinds
will be worn. particularly black velvet.
Some new effects are to the fore for
stock ribbons in plain gauze, with a
double back and white line forming
the edge, and more elaborate kinds in
tiny plaid checks, Pompadour and Jac- M
quard designs.
SLady Scent Farmers." I
The lady market gardener, says the
London Maill, may shortly have a rival
in a sweeter and more attractive
branch of agriculture. People who
ought to know say that there is a
great, opening for lady "scent farmers"
and g-owers of sweet herbs.
The idea should be essentially pleas- o
ing to the feminine mind; the very
name of "scent farmer" conjures up
a dream of fragrant perfume, and cer
tainly the cult of the sweet lavender c
and the tending of the modest rose
mary should be more attractive than
cutting cabbage and digging up pota
toes.
r All that is wanted is pluck and a
a small amount of capital. Most modern e
women possess the former, and the r
- latter is not impossible to raise. Land, u
- of course, is the principal difficulty, as i
º rents are high within striking distance I
of London.
For the rasing of lavender the soil
should be a nice. deep sandy loam, pre
ferably overlying chalk. Forty pounds
r is the sum required to lay out an acre
Salnd prepare the young plants. The
return the first year is not great, but
an acre of lavender in good condition
v will yield $250 in a season. English
, lavender is the sweetest In the world,
, and the demand for it is great. It is
Sa hardy plant, and needs but little cul
t tivation.
k There is a typical scent farm at Wal
Sliugton, near Croydon. and, according
a to the Lady's Pictorial. there is no
t question of its tinancial success. For
n miles round the Crystal Palate to the
lpson Downs are fields of blue-purple
g lavender.
• The growing of rosemary and the
Smore plebeian peppermlnt is, too, an
Soccupation with money in it.
d Royal Widow..
0 Queen Margherita constitutes a very
t notable addition to the extraordinary
I1 long list of royal and imperial widows.
t In fact. it may be asserted that there
a Is hardly a court in Europm where
f widows' weedls do not form a conspicu
h ous feature, destined in a way to re
k mind its members that above all the
t brilliancy, the pomp and grandeur
It which characterise it there hovers al
Sways the shadow of death. In Russia
e we find the widow of Emperor Alex
d ander III. playing an important politi
Scal role, while the morganatic widow
m of the murdered Alexander II., Prin
i cess of Yourleffska, lives in exile
In bred.
R In Germany there is the widow of
n Emperor Frederick,. whose political In
f- fus~nce has become impaired by falling
Sjhealth, and who, indeed, is reported to
be critically ill with Bright's disease.
Spain Is wisely and carefully govern
ed by a regent who is the widow of
- King Alfonso XII.. while In the neigh
a. boring kingdom of Portugal the wid
it owed Queen Pla may be said, like the
e widowed Czarina at St. Petersburg,
a to head a species of opposition to the
court and government of her son.
- The widowed Queen Emma of Hol
Ff land surrendered a little more than a
rV year ago to her now grown-up daugh
ter, Queen Wllhemlmina, the reins of
- govlrnmenat, which she had held as
a regeut during the minorlty of her
it child, ad mear by, conained as a Innas
he tie In h Beldlan Chateeu of Boech
me ot, is the windowed Empress of Mext
ts o, who has bemi beret of her reason
ws pa Mce hbe apr s oeu ds
martialed and shot in Mexico thirty- p
three years ago.
The Court of St. James has some
times been described as "the court of
widows," owing to the fact that not
only Queen Victoria and two of her
(laughters, as well as a daughter-in
law, but likewise the majority of her In
ladies-In-waiting, are widows, while
among other royal and imperial wid
ows may be mentioned the Empress of
I the French, the Empress of China, the
Khedive's mother and the widow of
the reigning Prince of Servia, who was
murdered in 186d.
Essentials of the Latest Modes. 11
Blouse effects are '"it.t sk
Present shape bolero still to hold its in
strong position.
Many new jackets finished with tiny Pd
triple shoulder capes.
Great vogue predicted for gold and
all metallic effects the winter season.
Many charming esigns for chil
dren's coats and su: s for school wear. tv
Taffeta gowns stl copiously trim- Id
med with tiny me 1,sseline de sole o
runches.
Venetians, satin' paune tinisnhed
vicuna and camcl't (air. thie cominga
fashionable wooler
Plain black taffeta skirts much fav
ored in connection with a fancy waist
for afternoon house wear.
Laces of the coarser kind, Aabian,
Plauen, Renaissance. ('luny anal gui- o
pure to be more la mode than ever. si
Gimps and braids with inlet leaves or it
flowers of satin antique among the n
newest and most effective trimmings. 1i
Numerous sashes, both plain colors ol
and beautifully soft Roman effects fin
ished with heavy knotted fringe a
trimming feature of dressy gowns.
Panne, leather-finished velvet, flu- 01
orescent changeable silks, fancy fab
rics on Louisine grounds, crepe crys
tale, crepe de chine and rich metallic 1
effects in brocades, the predicted smart
winter silks., a
Canvas effects the underlying mo
tive of the season's dress goods and ii
promising to be the height of vogue by
next spring. Canvas in cotton, volle .,
or grenadine in wool and Louisine in g
silk very correct as dress goods.
New shaped guimpes, directoire ef- n
fects, bertha designs, draped busts re
lieved by choux of dark velvet, lin- s
gerie sleeves, pretty laces, beautiful
appliques, vests and yokes of seed a
pearl, embroidered mousseline de sole,
some of the trimming features distir d
guishing the latest silk waists.
WlHY THEY ARE CAUGHT,
- Meas of Detectlesa That (lOeteel Smagglers h
Little Dream OL a
For the last faIe weeks all the ocean I
liners sailing from European ports for a
New York have been crowded, and h
1 many people who were negligent ii
about securing return passage have
been compelled to change their plans c
by receiving the Information that the a
ship of their choice was "all full." r
The majority of the passengers on a
ocean steamers combined shopping a
with sight-seeing while abroad, and t
the problem of how to get the pur- a
chases past the Custom House offi- r
r cials without paying duty on them r
keeps many passengers thinking for s
n days on the homeward trip.
Custom House officers say that
many men and.women who would re
a sent any insinuation as to their hon
n esty look upon smuggling as "all
e right," and think that a declaration
under oath that they have nothing t
i dutiable in their trunks need not be
, positively true so long as only the
Government loses in consequence. D)e
Sspite the schemes and plans of the
dishonest passengers who bring pr-1
Is jury pl)ermeated presents from P'aris,
ie many seizures have been made this
Sseason, and more goods hare been con
t fiseated than itnlI former summers. In
Snmany instances the detected smuggler
ih blames himself for having looked
d guilty, or for having concealed the
is laces or diamonds in the wrong place,
1_ and then remembers how Mrs. Smith
b'ought a whole wedding outfit
1- through for her daughter or how Mrs.
t Brown landed a lot of furs "just be
0 i cause she was smart."
t I In nine cases out of ten the collapse
e of the smuggling scheme was due
le neither to the guilty look of the pass
enger and his failure to pack the stuff
be properly, nor to the vigilance of the
in custom officers, but to the desire on
the part of a shopkeeper in Europe to
"get even."
"The Gtovernment has had much
aid,." said a detective. "from the Euro
Speon shopkeepers. When an Amer
can woman appears on the scene and
re looks his stock over, the Paris dealer
re does his best to make a sale. If the
woman is simply a 'shopper,' just
'looking around for a friend.' the
he storekeeper must grin and bear it. But
ur when he finds out that Mrs. American
lh- las made her purchases at a rival es
.is tabllshment, and they all have means
• for gaining that Information, he goes
Sfurther and fiuds out when the wo
man will sail. Then he gives the Cus
n- toms authorities a tip. Tips of that
le kind are forwarded to Washington
and placed in the hands of special
of men. Lots of gowns, furs, jewelry
in- and other goods have been stopped at
ig the steamer piers which would un
to doubtedly have slipped through but
a for the aid received from these dis
_ gruntled European merchants and
of dressmakers. The Government some
h_ times receives tips from other sources
d- also, but the object is usually revenge,
he and the informer invariably hides be
Shind an assumed name. A specimen
he ase was that of a man who wrote
the Custom House to look for a man
1 on a certain steamer who would have
a lot of goods In his possession which
h- he would try to bring through. The
of man came on the steamer as an
as nounced, and, sure enough, hC had a
ebig lot of undeclared stuff, and was
s- put to much trouble and expense be
bh- fore be got matters straightened out
i-. His treouble all came from beating
o another man at loker eon le trip
~tres1 seF-".-We Yorki Tribegg.t
FARI AND GARDEN NOTES. "
Ith
ITEMS OF INTEREST ON ACRICUL. an
TURAL TOPICS m
ca
or
Indication of Bad Management-Portable i11
Racks-Preventing Hot Cholera-When pl
a Horse is Worth Most-Clipping Clover ca
Fields-Eta.. Etc. br
lir
indication of Bad Management. te
Lice on animals indicates bad man
agement. Horses or cattle In good
condition seldom are afflicted with lice,
but a low condition of the animal, the to
skin being hidebound, affords excellent he
inducements for lice. Good feed and w
the use of a brush will rid animals of ta
parasites, with the aid of other reme
dies, lo
cc
Portable Racks. ta
For cattle, a good rack may be made SC
with common rough boards and a few
pieces of scantling. Make them four er
or five feet wide, ten or twelve feet
long, and two feet deep; have four by
four inch scantling in the corners, and to
also in the center of the ends, running
up twelve or fifteen inches above the tr
top of the rack; to the latter nail in a ti
center partition lengthwise; thus you ti
have a double rack where cattle will tr
eat contentedly. to
I)o not have the end boards or pieces
of scantling reach down as low as the
side boards and then by rounding up
the ends of the side boards, after the
manner of sled runners, the racks may
be easily drawn from one place to an- 11
other.- li
'preventing Hog Choleras t
Rules for the prevention of the fall
outbreak of cholera in herds of swine of
may be summarized as follows: ti
1. Cleanliness is essential, in yards, si
pens, water, feed and everything. t(
2. Give plenty of pure water and do
away with stagnant pools. I
3. Use disinfectants such as ashes, b
lime and carbolic acid. o
4. Feed a variety, especially such
condiments as charcoal, ashes and t(
salt. It
5. Give as much grass range as n
needed.
6. Breed from hogs of strong con
stitution.
7. Feed new corn cautiously, if at ,
all. ti
8. Allow no chance of infection from
diseased herds by visitors or dogs.
b
When a Horse is Worth Most. a
The age at which a horse is worth p
the most depends very largely upon t
I his breeding and raising. In nearly i
all cases well bred and well kept b
horses will stand hard usage better at s
an early age than horses that have s
I had a struggle for existence and have
inferior quality of blood in their veins. v
When a horse has been well fed and a
cared for from birth so as to maintain f
a steady growth. he ought to be well f
matured by-the time he is five years a
old, and from that time till he is seven L
ought to be at his best. Other horses c
I that are let run, receive but litle care. e
are not fed as they should be, will e
- make a slower growth and may not 3
a mature until seven years. A horse r
r should be fully matured before he can r
be considered at his best, no matter d
t what his breeding may be. I
Clipping Clover Fields.
1 A writer in Ohio Farmer advocates 1
a the clipping of clover the first year af- I
G ter the wheat is off, and even twice t
e if necessary to prevent it from blos- I
e soing, as that weakens the next
-year's growth. This year he clipped
e on August 1 and clipped again in Sep- 1
tember. He has done so for several I
, years until year before last, and he
5 said he would never omit it again. I
- The hay last year where it was not t
I clipped was very dirty, full of stub- I
r ble and trash, while where too large al
d growth was made before winter, it
e lodged and smothered out the crop. I
, He cuts high, removing the swath
hb hoard, and likes to cut just after a 1
t rain, leaving all the growth on thei
. ground as mulch, which protects the 1
- roots in winter and keeps the ground
more moist in summer. It might be
e pastured off and get some growth for I 1
e cattle or sheep, but they will not feed
5- on the ranker growing places, and
T feed the other too closely, thus making
e them liable to be winter killed. He
I does not think this pays, and would
0 prefer to grow green crops to help out
the pasturage than to use the newly
h seeded fields. He wants to leave
- clover about six inches high when
I winter comes.
r Winter Preservation at Squashes.
SMy method has been to place the
squashes upon shelves in a well-venti
e lated cellar. The shelves are four feet
t next to the sides of the cellar. The re
n maining ones are six feet wide. with
alley on each side. The first shelf is
six inches from the floor and then
Sthey are two feet apart until the ceil
ing is reached. I use two by four inch
studding for uprights and crosapieces
and one by six inch strips for bottom
of shelves. One of these strips is suf
ficient for the side. The uprights
should be placed four feet apart, as the
load they have to sustain is consider
t able. The temperature should be as
shigh as possible without using arti
ficial beat and Interfering with good
ventilation. This is best accomplished
Sby keeping the cellar closed on very
e cold days and particularly during per
iods of foggy and rainy weather.
en Choose the bright days for opening
te during the middle of the day.
a With the best of conditions and best
Sof cpre there is quite a loss and more
ch depends upon time and manner of
he gathering crop than all else. Because
Sthe squash has a hard shell and does
a not show the effects of a slight frost,
s it is often left too long on the vine.
e. I plan to gather them just blefore the
at first frdot. This ean usually be ac
ng omnpllshed if 1 am ready to put all
mp y help to work as soon as I think a
frog Ion a eway. I pick them and4
tsew p I*#oU WW 118WL
covering them with their own vines.l I
As the weather becomes colder I draw
them on truck wagon with springs
and hay rack with about six inches of MI!
marsh hay on that. I handle them as
carefully as possible, loading only three
or four deep on the wagon and carry
hgi them into the cellar in laskets and Pri
placing on shelves two deep. I am
careful to sort them, using the soft and
bruised ones for feed or sell them foi
Immediate consumption.-l)elbert Ot
ter, in New England Homestead.
the
sh
The Cucumber's Foes. b1
l'rofessor Charles D. Woods, direc
tor of the Maine Experiment Station,
has issued a valuable leaflet dealing it
with cucumber enemies. The essay te
takes up the striped beetle as follows:
This well-known insect, with its yel.
low coat and black stripes on the wing is
covers, feeds on all kinds of cucurbi
taceous plants - cucumber, melon, lo
squash, pumpkin, etc., and often ap
pears in such numbers as to ruin the
entire growing crop.
Remedies: 1. Plow out and destroy do
all cucumber and squash vines as soon
as the crop is off to destroy any larvae ra
that may then be in the roots. to
2. Planting an excess of seed, to dis- w
tribute the injury, is a common prac- P,
tice, as is also the system of starting tl
the seed in pots, boxes or sods, and ti
transferring the plants to the field af
ter they are well established. it
3. A free use of tobacco dust, lime d,
or land plaster about the bases of the is
young plants is often recommended. Ii
4. In large fields "'driving" is some- t
times practiced. Before the middle of s,
the day the farmers sow air slaked T
lime with the wind, and this seems 1,
sutlf'ient to drive most of the insects 84
to the leeward. a
5. The planting of a few large hills 0:
of squash among the cucumbers, as tl
traps, is sometimes recommended o0
since the insects seem specially partial ti
to the squash. 11
6. Spray the plants with Bordeaux fb
mixture and paris-green (formula 2), v
being careful to reach the under sides
of the leaves. ti
7. One of the surest preventives is It
to cover the hill at the time of plant- b
lug with a box over which is placed b
mosquito netting. u
Artificial Broilers
A flock of four or five hundred broil- e
ers pays a handsome profit if one raises e
them in time for the best markets, and o
then gets his price. Broilers sell from I
$1.50 to $2 per pair in the best season,
but the one who raises them rarely u
averages more than 75 cents to $1 per t
pair. There are those who get the lat
ter on the average right along. That a
is, they receive more than this in the '
best season, and less during the sea
son of plenty, but they average the
sales of $1 per pair.
But on the other hand there are some
who find broiler raising a total failure,
and they do not get their money back
from the investment. Some reasons
for this success or failure should be
apparent. To start a good colony of
broilers for the early markets the in
cubators should be started to work
early in November, and then the broil- a
ers will be ready for market early in
March, the season when the highest
prices are paid. For 400 broilers one
needs at least 800 eggs, for one cannot
depend on more than 50 per cent.
hatching. These eggs should cost all
the way from $10 to $15, according to 1
the price of fresh eggs in the locality.
The cost for time, labor, and similar
items cannot be taken into account, for
these represent the working capital of
_ the farmer, and must be given in re
turn for a living and anything over.
Careful attention to business details is
Snecessary for success with the broilers
I from the time the eggs are purchased
until they are sold. The chickens can
not be fed for nothing, and the ques
tion of protits will largely depend upon
Show this work is done. It is here that
Sprofits are cut down and actually
t turned into losses at times. One must
Sstudy the economy of winter feeding
Smore than anything else. Granted that
Sthe whole expense of winter feeding
s and raisuing should amount to $100, we
i then have a profit of $100 to show for
121 days or three months. Thi is is not
' great, and would be very unsatisfac
r tory if one had to depend upon it alone
i for a living. But added to the other
Sprofits from eggs, and the farm crops
g in summer, it will do to encourage us
e to make more of our winters. Usual
l ly this seems to be a season of Idle
t ness on the farm, and if we can con
y vert it into a season when we can
e make $100 there is no reason to com
n plain.--Annie C. Webster, in American
Cultivator.
Short and Useful Pointers.
c A farmer "can always profit by ob
1- servation as well as experience.
t It does not take long for the reck
- less farmer to realize his foolishness.
h Some farmers feed celery to their
is hens to improve the flavor of the meat.
Charcoal cannot be used as a grit for
h poultry; it is too soft for that pur
s pose.
When handled rightly turkeys are
Samong the most profitable products of
s the farm.
e During the last 100 years dairying
- has made more progress than any
Is other branch of farming.
i Burnt corn with the cob makes the
best charcoal for hens. Twice a week
is often enough to feed it.
SFarmers should keep themselves In
r formed as to the markets. as they are
r. constantly changing year by year.
Don't imagine that poultry do not re
st quire any care. It is only those flocks
re that rec.lve every attention that pay
f big profits.
se A point in favor of bees is that they
es insure the fertilization of fruit, which
t. is an important matter that the Amer
"". ican farmer has only lately began to
be realize.
- The care of poultry is not "women's
ll work." There Is too much money in
a it for the men to slight it. SNobody,
male or fetage. caa aMo;'d tgo ht
rt. the tb .... "
GUARDIWA OF THE OYSTER. lit
030'
End
MISSION OF THE TINY CRAB WE
OFTEN SEE IN STEWS.
fins
Pretty Tales About It From Aneient Phil- pea
osophers-About Seventy.five Kinds in T
This Family-Warns Hest of impending f
Danger. fan
- of
This little crab, which we know as disl
the oyster crab, is about the size and the
shape of a pea resembling somewhat a ren
bleached-out spider. In Europe It is sto
called the pea-crab, where it is rare- Na
ly seen except by naturalists, for there ani
It is not eaten by those who like oys- the
ters, while in this country it is well ,re
known, as we often see it floating op
upon the surface of an oyster stew. It ing
is common on our coast, not only in nil
oysters, but also in mussels and seal-t I
lops. Its
The name "Washington crab" has I
been suggested by some for the oyster for
crab, as it was considered a great rel
delicacy by our first president. ma
The crab has been known to natu- sm
ralistg from the earliest times of his- co
tory, and the lively imaginations of thi
wrlter. on natural history have wov- foi
en a curious network of stories about Aa
I the life and home of this modest lit- Sul
tie animal. po
Aristotle, the Greek, and Pliny, the ,r
Itoman, naturalists, believed that a 1
definite relation or understanding ex- th
Isted between the shell fish and its a
little lodger, and even went so far as so
to say that death would be the re- ro
sult If the crab should desert its host. cr
The watchful crab, living within the ori
home of the dull and stupid oyster, on el
seeing small fish approach, would on
wait until one more bold than the rest ,
of his companions ventured within b
the open shell, then gently nipping the nc
i oyster, the doors would be closed and en
1 the fish held a prisoner. Thereupon di,
the two, the host and his guest, would of
t feed at leisure upon the body of the i,
venturesome fish. i
I A very beautiful arrangement b th
tween these two-the blind and the in
e lame-and a very pretty compact- th
but the cold eye of science saw that
I bivalves do not feed upon fish, but ti
upon microscoplic animals and plants, at
which live and float in the water, and
that the little crab, whose limbs are a
so soft and yielding, could have neith- tit
s er the strength nor the power to pinch
d off morsels of food from an ordinary
Sfish.
Another- story, which held its own
until late in the last century, was that
r this little crab played the part of the
-"King's Jackal," who hunted by
t night for his majesty, the lion. It to
e would sally forth to hunt and bring hi
food to the helpless mussel or oyster, tl
and on returning from the hunt, b
should it find the house closed, would f
e give a cry, which was recognized by b
its host, the door instantly opened, and l1
it was allowed to enter. Study has ta
shown that the crab never leaves its di
home, and cannot cry, but as with the a
lion, who, in fact, often gets the food 1
for the jackal, so it is that the little b
k crab feeds upon the substances which tl
are swept in by the current of water p
made by the bivalve, in order to bring s1
its own food, and to freshen the water ti
for its respiration. f4
te Again the crab was said to warn its g
protecting host from danger by a c
timely pinch, so that the doors could d
be closed against some crafty octopus c
o or insidious star fish, and for which ii
service the crab was rewarded by a
r board and lodging.
This relation between the crab and p
the bivalve was used by the ancients o
e to illustrate how helpless is a man b
r. without a friend. Even Cicero Is t
is mid to have used this simile, and we a
s finad the same idea expressed by the a
Egyptians in their hieroglyphic writ- ,
The oyster crab, it is true, may act t
n in such a manner that it warns the a
it oyster of the approach of danger, but ,
ly we scarcely believe that it is anything t
at but a personal motive on its part. We ,
5 nineteenth century folks do not be- c
t lieve that any intelligent understand- t
g ing exists between the two. We have
re all seen how a crab will hurry back
r and forth on the approach of danger,
at will dart into the first crevice to es
- cape its foe, and when in safety bran
'e dish its formidable claws with the
er greatest show of bravery. So the lit
pS tle Plnnotheres may, with the same
as instinct, run back and forth within
1- the sensitive mantle of the oyster,
e-and retreating push against its soft 1
- body, which will indicate to the
an slothful intelligence of its host that
l- something is wrong outside, when it
in will discreetly close its shell, as the
better part of valor.
The oyster crab is about the size of
a large pea, the body is globular, the
b- legs small and weak, and it difflers
from nearly every other crab in hav
k ing a perfectly soft yielding skin. In
fact, it was always a "soft-shelled
crab."
ir The Pinnotheres are found all over
t. the world, whenever we find oysters,
or mussels, or scallops, from the Ant
Ir- arctic ocean to the frozen north; but
it seems that they are only used as
re a table delicacy by the American peo
of ple. In the West Indies there is an
oyster which attaches itself to the.
long roots of the mangrove trees.
When Columbus first saw them, he
was greatly astonished to find,
among the many wonders of the west
en world. oytter-bearing trees, and
Shaving riad that pearls were formed
in oysters by drops of dew falling into
In their open mouths, reported to the
are credulous Europeans that the lan
grove oyster must yield an abundant
re- harvest, for the dew was so heavy
ks in these tropical islands. Dr. Patrick
Bay Brown, however, tells us, in 11616. that
the oyster crab is very common in the
my mangrove oyster, and such "as eat
Ich them do not think them a bit the
er- worse for being aeeompanied with
to some of these crabs, which they swal
low with the (sheil) fsh."
These craths are quite tiimmon tn the
n true pearl oyster of the "Indian and
iy Paclific eean. and there is a spec
y men of one ut these shealls in which i
wht a ml is aprod i m t ue sUb
assans aS sh abeJ sea sargtC~ ***r
with a layer of the -of-pst Th
little fellow pt bly entAred the
oy'er in search otf his mat4 and, not
fnding her, wandemil t~b* and final
ly paised between the mantle of the
oyster and the shell, where he was
finally enshrouded mother-of-pi
pearl.
There are about seventy-five kinds
-f crabs belonging to the oyster crab V.
family, all more or lesq related. All A
of them are small and of a retiring 7
disposition. Some do not live within
the shells of a protecting bivalve, but Doi
remain on the sea bottom under
stones and hidden within small holes. 1
Naturalists can, by the study of these 2
animals, trace the different steps from
the free crab, hiding in holes and
crev:,-s, to those which enter the
open mouths of eysters, where, be
ing protected from the attacks of ene
mles and having its food brought to
it by the exertions of its host, it spends
its entire life.
lint perhaps the most curious habit
found in any crab, is that of a near
relative of the oyster crab, which we
may call the "coral crab." This very
small animal after the free Zoea life
common to most crabs, settles down in
the fork of a growing coral and waits
for a house to be built up around it.
As the coral grows, the crab is slowly
surrounded by the hard skeleton of the
polyps. A very wonderful equll
e brium is now formed. The crab must
grow Just as fast and no faster than
the coral, trcr if it did not keep pace
with the trowth of the coral it would
soot: be walled in and no room allowed V
for its future growth. So, until the
t crab has reached its full size. about
oe ne-quitner of an inch. it fles in a
cup--sl ped urllow, with its openin
e on a ievel with the coral-polyps.
it when Whe full growth of the crab has "
n been ,ttained the coral-polyps would "
e now certalnly close in over the little
I crab. and make it a prisoner, as "
n did the pearl oyster. but the currents a
d of waler made by the crab in breath
itg 'force the polyps to grow slant
lug from the mouth of her cave. no
- that in time a long funnel-like open
e in; leads past the growing polyps to
the body of the little crab.
We have here a beautiful adapta-
it tlon. The crab chooses its own place
, among the coral branches, and then
d gently forces the workmen to build it
ea safe and comfortable home.-S-cien
tilic American.
WOODCHUCKS KILL SHEEP.
t The Cariess Discovery Mal: by as Old
e luster. 4
v Many Interesting stories have been
t told about the modest woodchuck and 4
his habits, but it is safe to say that
the charge of sheep killing has never
t, before been laid at his door. The
d farmers of an Adirondack town have
y been missing a good many lambs late
d ly. These were mostly the young and
is tender creatures who wobbled a good
ta deal as they follOwed their dams over
1e a large, hilly common called the
4 Woodchuck Cobble. The lambs would
le be found lying about with their
-h throats badly bitten and their bodies
er partly eaten. The cause of this de
ig struction was sought in vain for some
er time. Wolves have left the country,
foxes are scarce and well behaved
to generally, devoting themselves to the
a capture of field mice and potato grubs
Id during the summer and early falL A
as census of the dogs showed none that
h lhad ever had any fondness for young
by mutton.
Finally an old hunter and berry
id picker, a half-breed Ottawa Indian,
its offered for a few dollars to spend all
an his time watching for the cause of the
is trouble, and agreed to ask for no pay
re unless it was clearly discovered. He
be accordingly armed himself with his
t- old Winchester and shadowed the
flock for a couple of days. At night
et bhe would wrap himself in his blanket
he and bivouac right among the sleeping
ut creatures. There had been some rain
og the second night and the morning fol
Ve lowing was misty. Along asolmut 7
- o'clock he noticed a commotion among
d- the sheep andl cautiously approached
ye under cover. He was surprised to see
ck a young lamb struggling in the fangs E
er, of a rather large grizzly colored an- i
Smal that seemed to have come right ]
n- out of the earth. The Indian fired and
he ran forward to find that he had shot
aIt-n old male woodchuck, whose hole
Iewas just where he had fallen. The
un hill was fairly honeycombed with theI
er, homes of these animals, and It may
Sbe that the scarcity of herbage Im
he pelled them to seek this unnatural
at food. Anyhow, the one in question
t had seized the little lamb by the
he throat, and was evidently sucking its
blood when killed. The hunter, be
of Ileving the occurrence to have been
eaccidental, continued his watch an
es other day, and the chucks got away
L- with two or three more lambs and ate
Sa portion of their carcasses. It was a
long time before the Indian could per
suade the farmers that woodchuck
er had been doing the mischief, and only
rs' succeeded In doing so after making
them eye-witnesses of it one oaerning
atup on the Cobble. They then deeidst
to move their sheep to another grsea
o ing place, and paid the patient odi
Swoodsman a liberal reward-enough
to enable him to sit behind the store
Sin the village grocery all winter in
nd, ease and comfort. - Philadelphia
s Times.
ned wIsatkbh Qualg . Plrida
nto A geu:ieman whose veracIlty is eon
the sidered to be above question Informs
an- us tn cold blood that quail are destroy
atI lug the steel rails on the track of the
avy auger belt near Runnymede. Numbers
ric of quail have bten observed picking
hat at the rails with great energy and
the was founmd i! at they were tearing off
eat flakes of rust. Why they habould be
the doing this is a raystery, but our theory
rlth is that thir systefms are oet of order
al - and they are doctoring themselves
with an iron toeic. As the coestant
the peeklng of the sick birds may in course
aen of ttme weakes the rails, our tiform
iacl- ant suggests that the Plant y-tem
tch r ,op reat; nails about in the right of
ng. way to jttee the qautl away ftre0 the
r-)4y U f GSS** Ma
State Gm'a ft tliara
Governor-W. W. Heard,
Lieutenant-Governor-Albert Eto
pinsl.
Secretary of Stan---John Miohel.
Superintendent of Edastion--John
V. Calhoun.
Auditor-W. S. Frasee.
Treasurer--Ledou E. Smith.
U. S. BENATORS.
Don Cafferey and 8. D. McEnery.
REPBESENTATIVES.
1 District-i-. C. Davey.
2 District-Adolph Meyer.
8 Distriot--R. F. Broussara.
4 District-P Braseale.
b District-". E. Ranadell.
6 District-S. M. Robinson.
Advertls
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As AeAsd-ir8ntt t a d'ms
Always at Work is year
I Pr P.rl red Mr ply to wa.
Publishers.
: 3'111ur r ,um 11.o T
: TIE IIEXT TWIOTO :
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1 a
1 bo sued ta about it in .
STimos·Demaocrat
i * on lad and through its
e : nly $1.00 a Mea. o,
e "
S: ooood, Newo York Joo o oo
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encluding Bufalo., Pittsburgr 09*
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Ic 'PH G.-P B(g Il
