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THE ST. LANDRY CLARION. ou' "Here Shall the Press the People's Rights Maintain, Unawed by Influence and Unbribed by saia" VOL. XI.-NO. 11. OPELOUSAS, LA., SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1900. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, The Important, Dates of the Nineteenth Century A Chronological History of the Stirring Events of the Past One Hundred Years. Copyright. igO, by A. N. KellogW Newrpaner Co. 1801. Jan. 1-Legislative union established be tween Great Brit ain and Ireland. Feb. 9-Treaty of peace between France and Aus tria. Feb. 18-Thomas Jefferson .elected president by vote of the housg of representatives be cause of tie in elec toral vote between himself and Aaron Burr, the latter be coming vice presi o dent. March 24--Emperor HPetrLae Paul of Pqussia as Sern Jan. 7,1768.--Died March nat Freenc Mayl ,152. army in Egypt finally defeated by English. 1802. Aug. 2-Napoleon elected first consul of France. Nov. 29-Ohio admitted to the union. First electric light with carbon points pro duced in England. 1803. April 30--Territory of Louisiana purchased from France for $15,000,000. Territory con sisats of 1,171,931 square miles. Aug. 9-Robert Fulton started his first steamboat on the River Seine in France. 1804. Sept. t5-Twelfth amendment to constltu tion adopted. Dec. 2-Napoleon crowned emperor of France. 1805. March 4-Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton inaugurated. M.i26-Napoleon crowned king of Italy at June 3--Treaty of peace signed between Tripoli and the United States. Oct. 21-English fleet under Nelson de stroyed French fleet at Trafalgar. Nelson killed. Dec. 2-Battle of Austerlits: Russians and Austrians defeated by Napoleon. 1800. Nov. 21-Berlin decree issued by Napoleon. It declared a blockade of the British isles, ordered all Englishmen in countries oc cupied by French troops to be treated as prisoners of war, forbade all trade in Eng lish merchandise, and several other things. Oct. 14-Napoleon defeated Prussians at Jene. The tailors formed first trade union in the United States. 1807. Aug. 11-Successful voyage of Robert Ful ton's steamboat Clermont from New York to Albany. 1808. Jan. 1-Act prohibiting importation of slaves into country became law. March 4-James Madison and George Clin ton inaugurated. March 15-Embargo act, excepting as to Great Britain and France, repealed. March 29-Gustavus IV. of Sweden com pelled to abdicate. April -Alliance be tween England and Aust ria against France formed. July 5-6 - Napoleon defeated Austrians at Wagram. July 6 - Pope Plus VII. captured by order of Napoleon LSnD . ensn and carried pris Der. ept2s,17W--gud. oner to France. Oct e.1 5. S ept. 17--Treaty of peace between Sweden and Rul.ea signed at Freder icksham. Dec. 51-Josephine divorced by Napoleon. 1810. March 11-Napoleon and Maria Louisa mar ried at Vienna. June - Third census taken; population, 7,239,8L 1811. 1811, March 20-King of Rome, Napoleon I.,born. July 5-Venezuela declared its independ ence of Spain. 1812. April 8-Louisiana admitted to the union. June 1I--U, S. declared war against Eng land. Aug. 15-Fort Dearborn massacre on pres ent site of Chicago. Sept. 7-French defeated Russians at Boro Sept. 14-Moscow captured by the French. 1813. March 4-James Madison and Elbrldge Ger ry Inaugurated. Aug. 3l--Indans massacred garrison and women and children at Fort Mimms. Ala. Sept. 10--Com. O. H. Perry defeated British squadron at Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. Oct. 16, 17, 15--Battle of Leipslc, battle of the nations. Napoleon defeated by the allies. Half a million men engaged. 1814. March 31-Paris surrendered to the allies. May 3-Louis XVIII. returned to Paris as king of France. May 30-Treaty of Paris signed between France and allied powers defining boun daries of France at what they had been previous to 1792. Aug. 25--Washington burned by the British. Nov. 1-Congress of Vienna met to reestab lish European boundaries. It concluded its labors and adjourned May 25, 1815. Dec. 24-Treaty of peace signed between Great Britain and United States at Ghent, Belgium. George Stephenson built his first successful railway locomotive. It traveled at the rate of six miles per hour. 1813. Jan. 5-British defeated by Americans at New Orleans. March 1-Napoleon returned to France from Elba. June 18--Napoleop met final defeat by Wel lington at Waterloo. July 5-Louis XVIII. entered Paris as king of France. July 15-Napoleon surrendered to Capt. Maitland, of English frigate Bellerophon. Sept 26--Treaty of the Holy Alliance signed. Nov. 20-econd peace of Paris signed be tween France and allied powers. 1816. April 10-Unlted Btates bank chartered by congress for 20 years; capltal, 8s3 WO,000. April 27--First pro tective t a r i it bill passed by congress. July --Ice a quarter of an inch thick formed in Pennsyl vania. New York and New England states. J u I y 9--Argentine Republic declared its independence of Spain. Dec. Il--Indiana ad mitted to the PtI- union. Se.s Asg , l Jan. 12-Family of .- - Bonaparte exclud AmS2t 1, 15 ed forever from France by law of amnesty. 117. March 4--CJames Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins inaugurated. Dec. 10--Mislsippi admitted to the union. 1818. april 14-Preslident approved act establish nglag United States at 13 stripes and .star for each state. Dec. -Illinois admitted to the union. 1819. Feb. 2a--Spain ceded Florida to United States for consideration of$.080,000. May 2--First ocean steamship, the Savan nah, left Savannah, Ga., for Liverpool. Trip completed in 26 days, Dec. 14--Alabama admitted to the union. 11420. Jan. 29--Klng George III. of England died at Windsor castle, aged 86. His son crowned as iGeoge IV. some day. March I3-Maine admitted to the unleso. 1821. Feb. 24-Mexico declared its independence of Spain. Iturbide crowned first em peror as Augustin I., Sept. 24, 1821. March 5-James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins inau unrated president and vice president for second term. April 6-War for G r ee k independ ence began against Turkey. May --N ap oleon died at St. Helekr, aged 52. July 28 - Peru de aev wnus.eron clared its independ Born April 30. 171 -Died once of Spain. Spt. 11, .is Aug. 7-Queen Caro line of England died of a broken heart. Her husband, George IV., refused to permit of her cor onation as his consort. Aug. 10-Missouri admitted to the union. Sept. 21-Central American states declared their independence of Spain. 1822. Jan. 27-Independence of Greece proclaimed. Sept. 7-Brazil declared its independence of Portugal. 1823. March 26-Augustin I. of Mexico compelled to abdicate, and Mexico proclaimed a re public October 4, 1823. Dec. 2--Proclamation by President Mon roe declared that for the future the American continents were not to be con sidered as subjects for colonization by any European power. This constitutes the "Monroe doctrine." 1824. Aug. 4-Bolivia declared its independence of Spain. Nov. 9-Tenth presidential election. Of popular vote John Quincy Adams re ceived 105,321; Andrew Jackson, 152,899; W. H. Crawford, 47,265; Henry Clay, 47, 087. No candidate for president received a majority of electoral votes and elec tion devolved upon house of representa tives. John C. Calhoun elected vice president. Feb. 9-House of representatives voted for president, e a c h state having one vote. John Quin cy Adams re ceived 13, Andrew Jackson, 7, a n d William H. Craw ford. 4. May 25-Am erican Unitarian associa tion organized in Boston. May 29-Count of Artois crowned king of France as Charles X. June 17--Corner stone of Bun ke r LE HN hill monument laid by Lafayette. Born in 17es.-DIed Oct. 29-E r I e canal Feb. a, 115. opened from Buf falo to Albany. Dec. i-Emperor Alexander I. of Russia died. Nicholas I. crowned emperor. 1826. Feb. 26-Biela's comet discovered. July 4-Ex-Presidents John Adams, Quin cy, Mass., and Thomas Jefferson, Monti cello, Va., died. 1827. July 6-Treaty between England, France and Russia signed at London to secure Greek independence. 1828. Nov. 11-Eleventh presidential election. Andrew Jackson received 658.028 popular and 178 electoral votes; John Quincy Ad ams received 512,159 popular and 83 elec toral votes. 1829. April 13-Roman Catholic relief bill passed by British parliament. It admitted Cath olics to parliament and to most civil and military offices under the crown. By its passage civil war in England and Ireland was averted. Aug. 8-First railway locomotive operated in America started at Honesdale, Pa. Sept. 14-Treaty of peace signed between RuEsia and Turkey in which Greek in dependence was acknowledged. 1830. July 27-Beginning of second French revo lution. Sept. 15-Liverpool and Manchester rail way. first of the English railway lines, opened. Dec. 2&-Belgium's independence acknowl edged by allied powers. 1931. Jan. 16-South Carolina railroad, first pas senger and freight railroad in United States, opened for traffic. July 4-Ex-President James Monroe died in New York, aged 73. July 26-First successful reaper, invention of Cyrus H. McCormick, tested at Steele's Tavern, Va. 1832. March -Black Hawk war begun. June 7-First reform bill in England be came law. It pre vented a revolution and gave to the middle classes the supreme political power in the king dom. June 22-First death from cholerain the United States oc curred at New York. July 13-Source of Mississippi discov ered by Henry R. Schoolcraft. e0 irtEPsinn en July 14-Tariff meas Born June 9, 1781.-Died urea of 1828 par ~Agstis I& 15 ially repealed. Apugunst , 16 Nov. 13 - Twelfth presidential elec tion. Andrew Jackson received 687,502 popular and 219 electoral votes, and Hen ry Clay 530,189 popular and 49 electoral votes. Nov. 14.-Charles Carroll, last surviving signer of declaration of independence, died at Baltimore, aged 95. 18.83. Nov. 13-Great meteoric display visible in North America. 1834. Aug. 1-Slavery abolished in British col onies. Eight hundred thousand slaves freed. 18785. Sept. 9.-Corporation reform act, granting self-government to towns, denied since fourteenth century, passed by British parliament. T6homas Davenport, of Braddon, Vt., built first electric railway motor at Spring field, Mass. March 2-Texas declared its independence. May 14-Mexico acknowledged indepen dence of Texas. June 15-Arkansas admitted to the union. June 2.--Ex-President James Madison died at IMontoelier, Vt.. aged 85. Nov. 8-Thirteenth presidential election. Martin Van Buren elected president with 761,549 popular and 170 electoral votes, against 73 electoral votes for his nearest competitor, William Henry Harrison. Total popular vote, 1,498,205. No vice president chosen because of lack of ma Jority of electoral votes. Senate chose Richard M. Johnson. Jan. --Michigan admitted to the union. May 1--All banks in New York city sus pended specie payment because of finan dial panic. 1888. First telegraph line set up in Great Brit ain on line of Great Western railway by Cooke. Marcli -Opium war between China and England began. Oct. 10-United States bank suspended, esusing financial paniLC 1840 Jan. 19-Lieut. Wilkes discovered Antarctic continent. Feb. 10-Queen Vic toria married to her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Co burg. June-Fifth census taken. Population, 17,068,66. July 19-"Britania," first of the Cunard steamers, arrived at Boston 14 days 8 hours from Liver pool. Nov. 10-Fourteenth presidential elec tion. William Hen bGRUs a I co.C.cx r y Harrison r e 3ora Feb. 1b, 119.--Died ceived 234 electoral May is, .El. and 1,275.017 popu lar votes, and Mar tin Vatn Buren 60 electoral and 1,128,702 popular votes. 1841. Nov. 2-Afghanistan rebelled against Eng land. During this rebellion the English ambassadors were murdered and the greater part of the English army of oc cupation, numbering 26,000 persons, were killed. 1842 Aug. 29--Peace treaty between England and China signed at Nanking, China. This treaty opened the first ports of China to the trade'of the world. Oct. 18-First submarine cable laid bjy Prof. Morse in New York harbor. 1848. Feb. 28-Great comet seen at noon by naked eye In North America. June 17-Bunker Hill monument dedicated. 1844. May 27-First telegram sent over a land line from Washington to Baltimore. Nov. 13-Fifteenth presidential election. James K. Polk received 170 electoral and 1,335.834 popular votes. Henry Clay re ceived 105 electoral and 1,297,033 popular votes. 1845. Feb. 28-Texas annexed by joint resolution. March 3-Florida admitted to the union. June 8-Ex-President Andrew Jackson died, aged 78. Dec. 29-Texas admitted to the union as a state. 1848. April 25-Hostilities between Mexico and United States be gan by, capture of small force of U. S. troops by Mexi cans. May 11 - President P o 1 k announced that state of war existed between United States and Mexico. June 15-Treaty signed with Great Britain settling the the Oregon bound ary dispute June 26-Corn laws of England re Ato pealed by parlia sorn July 9, 1. -Died ment. This was June 1, IsE7. practically the be ginning of Eng lish free trade as it exists to-day. Sept. -Elias Howe patented first success ful sewing machine. Dec. 28-Iowa admitted to the union. 1847. Feb. 22-23-Battle of Buena Vista fought; 20,000 Mexicans defeated by 5,000 Ameri cans. C Sept. 13-City of Mexico occupied by American troops. Nov. -Chloroform first used as an anaes thetic by Sir James Young Simpson, of Edinburgh. 1848. Ian. 19-Gold discovered near Coloma, Cal., by James Wilson MarshalL Feb. 2-Treaty of peace between United States and Mexico signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo. United States paid Mexico 315,000,000 for New Mexico and California. Feb. 23-Ex-President John Quincy Adams died at Washington, aged 81. Feb. 24-Louis Philippe compelled to abdi cate French throne and the second French republic formed. May 29-Wisconsin admitted to the union. Nov. 7-Sixteenth presidential election. Zachary Taylor received 163 electoral votes, and Lewis Case, of Kentucky, 11 electoral votes. 1849. March 4-New constitution combining em pires of Austria and Hungary pro claimed by Francis Joseph. tune 15-Ex-President James K. Polk died at Nashville, Tenn., aged 54. 1850. April 19-Bulwer-Clayton treaty for jsint occupancy of canal across Central America signed. June 1-Seventh einsus taken; population, 23.191,876. July 9-President Taylor died at Washing ton, aged 66. Aug. -Tae-ping rebellion began in China. Sept. 9--California admitted to the union. Sept. 20 "Omnibus" bill passed by con gress. 1851. April 29-Trial of electric locomotive built by Alfred Vail with congressional appro priation on B. & O. Ry. It attained a speed of 19 miles per hour. Oct. 8-Hudson river railroad opened from New York to Albany. 1852. Nov. 2-Seventeenth presidential election held. Franklin Pierce received 254 elec toral votes, and Gen. Winfield Scott 42 electoral votes. Dec. 2-French empire restored. Louis Napoleon crowned emperor of France as Napoleon III. 1858 Jan. 29-Louis Napoleon married to Eugenie de Montijo of Spain. March 24-Oath of of flce as vice presi dent administered to William RIt. King by Consul Sharkey at Cumbre, Cuba. Allowed by special act of congress. April 18--Vice Presi dent William R. King died at Ca hawba, Ala., aged 4Oct. 5--Thrkey de clared war against Russia. This was. T F D ORSE the beginning of ora A r -Died the Crimean war. April 2, i Dec. 30--Treaty pro ...... viding~forourcpase of territory south of the Gila river from' Mexico approved. Extent of purchase, 45.535 square miles; consideration to Mex ico, $10,000,000. 18354. April 1-Russia declared war against Eng land and France as allies of Turkey. May 30-Kansas-Nebraska bill passed by congress. It repealed Missouri compro mise act of 1820. Oct. 25-Battle of Balaklava fought in the Crimea. 1855. Sept. 9-Sevastopol evacuated by the Rus sians and occupied by the French and English. 1856. March 30-Treaty of peace between Eng land, France, Sardinia and Turkey and Russia in Paris. This closed the Crimean war. The treaty guaranteed the Inde pendence of Turkey. In this war more than 1,090;09 men perished of disease and in battle. Nov. 4--Eghteenth presidential election held. James Buchanan received 174 elec-: toral votes. John C. Freemont 114 and Millard Fillmore 8. 1857. May 11-Mutiny of Sepoys in India broke out. English residents of Delhi massa cred. Aug. 5-First attempt made at laying sub marine cable. Start made from Valencia bay, Ireland. Cable broke and attempt was abandoned until the following year. 1858. May l--Minnesota admitted to the union June 19-Gwailor taken by the English from the Sepoy rebels. This practically closed the rebellion in India. July --Alexander II. of Russia issued proc lamation freeing serfs on the imperial do mains. Aug. 5-First Atlantic cable completed. Oct. 9--First overland mail from San Fran cisco reached St. Louis. Time, 24 days, 18 - hours. 1859. Feb. 14-Oregon admitted to the.nnion. April 26-Austrian army of 120,000 men in vaded Sardinia. This was the beginning of the war for Italian nationality. May 10-Emperor Napoleon III. took the field at the head of the French troops as an ally of Sardinia against Austria. June 4--Austrians defeated by French and Sardialans at Magenta. Austrian loss, 27i,0 men. Dec. 3-John Brown hanged at CharIestem, W.Va. NTov. 10-Definite treaty of peace isned be tween Austria and France and Sardinia at Zurich. Italian nationality recognised by Austria. May 11-GsIbaldi an4 t Marsalaa, flI ly. On May 14 he proclaimed hi m self dictator in the mm._tqf King Vic t.: .oLinmana eL This was the be ginuing of the war tor Italian unity. May 18--Abraham ./,cola nominated !r president on fourth ballot at Chicago. June--Eoighth census taken. Population, Oct. 12-French and English allies cap AB.ItuAS LMCOL ture Peking. China. Born Feb. 1i. lie-Died Oct. 24-Treaty of Died April 15, 1a65, peace signed at Peking between England and China. Nov. 6-Nineteenth presidential election held. Abraham Lincoln received 180 elec toral and 1,866,352 popular votes; John C. Breckenridge 72 electoral and 847,514 pop ular votes; John Bell 3! electoral and 587,830 popular votes, and Stephen A. Douglas 12 electoral and ~ 16i75lT popular votes. Feb. 4-Confederate congress met at Montgomery, Ala. Six states repre sented. Feb. 9-Jefferson Davis chosen president and Alexander H. Stephens vice presi dent of Southern Confederacy. April 12-Fort Sumter fired upon. First gun fired by Edmund Ruffin of Virginia. He committed suicide soon after close of the war. April 19-President proclaimed blockade of southern ports. July 21-Federal troops defeated at battle of Bull Run. 1862. Jan. .--Government suspended specie payment. March 9-Battle between Monitor and Merrimac at Hampton Roads. July 24-Ex-President Martin Van Buren died at Lindenwold, N. Y., aged 80. Oct. 8-Count Otto von Bismarck appoint ed prime minister of Prussia. Dec. 31-West Virginia admitted to the union to date from June 20, 1863. 1868. Jan. 1-President Lincoln issued proclama tion freeing slaves in confederate states. They numbered about 3,120,000. Feb. 1-All Russian serfs freed by Alex ander II. Previous to the emancipation of the serfs on imperial domains in 1858 there were more than 38,000,000 serfs in the Russian empire. Of these 16,000,000 were freed in 1858 and the remainder in 1863. July 1-2-3-Confederate army, numbering 82,000 men, defeated at Gettysburg by federal army, numbering 73.500 men. Sept. 15--President Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus. 1864. March 10-Gen. Grant placed in command of the federal armies. May 4-Federal army, numbering 130,000 men, crossed the Rapidan to at tack Lee. M~ay 5--Struggle be tween federal and confederate armies in the Wildgrness and at Spottsyl vanla began. In these battles the federal army lost 40,000 men. May 17-Postal money order sys GN U U3 GRANT tem established. P5 l .,r . - -7dM May 19 - Nathaniel ,Jy _4 Hawthorne died at Plymouth, N. H., aged 60. July 18-Gall reached the maximum, 85 per cent. Nov. 14-Sherman's march to the sea be gan. Oct. B-Nevada admitted to the union by proclamation of president. Nov. 8-Twentieth presidential election. Lancoioand Johnson carried 22 states; Mc Clellan and Pendletos 3; 11 not voting. June 12-Archduke Maximilia entered City of Mexico as emperor. 1805. Feb. 18-Gen. Lee placed in command of all confederate forces. March 18-Confederate congress adjourned sine die. April 9-Lee surrendered to Grant at Ap pomattox. April 14-President Lincoln shot by J. Wilkes Booth in Ford's theater, Wash ington. April --President Lincoln died at 7:30 a. m. Vice President Johnson took oath of office as president same day. May 10-Jefferson Davis captured by mem bers of Fourth Michigan cavalry at Irwinsville, Ga. May 13-Last battle of the war fought. Federals defeated by confederates near Palo Pinto,. Tex. The total number of enlistments in the federal service were 2,859,132; total number of engagements fought between the two armies 2,261; in the federal army the total loss by death warse 9" the, onnfaArata anvornmmnt was 279,735; the confederate government existed 4 years I month and 14 days. May 22-Southern ports opened by proc lamation of president. Aug. 15-First vessel passed through Sues canal from Mediterranean to the Red sea. Dec. 1--Habeas corpus restored in north ern states by proclamation. Dec. 18-Thirteenth amendment to consti tution declared adopted by the several states. April 9-Civil rights bill passe ever the president's veto. May 31-Fenlan raid into Canada; 1,200 men crossed the Niagara river at Buf falo. June 18-Italy and Prussia declared war against Austria. This was the beginning of the "Seven Weeks War," Aug. 23-Treaty of peace signed between Prussia, Italy and Austria. By this treaty Austria ceded Venetia to Italy and consented to a new German con federation. 1867. Feb. 9-Nebraska adrcte4 to the union. Feb. 24-First parllamean of the North German confederation e'pned by the king of Prussia. March 2-Military reconstrurtion act passed over president's veto. June 19-Maximilian shot in Mexico. June 20--U. S. acquired Alaska from Rar e&a. Consideration $7,200,000. Extent, 677,390 square mileS. Feb. 2--House of representatives voted to i- mpeach President May 5--Grand army instituted Deeora S- tion day, designat lng May 30. May 21- President Johnson acquitted 0 f impeachment charges. June 1 - Ex-Preai dent James Bu chanan died at o n r Wheatlabmd. Pao June 22 - Arkaaieas readmitted to the union. June 25-North and South Carolina, Born Jan. In. l'r .-Ied Alabama, Florida Oct. i. us and Louisiana re admitted to the union. July 28-Fourteenth amendment to consti tution declared adopted. Nov. S-Twenty-dfrst presidential election. Ulysses S. Grant, 214 electoral and .015, 071 popular votes, and Horatio Seymour 80 electoral and 2.709.613 popular Votes. Dec. 9-Wm. E. Gladstone became prime minister of England at head of hberal ministry. Dec. 25--Amnesty proclamation granting unconditional pardon to all concerned in confederate rebellion issued. May 10-Union Pac4e railroad opened for traffic. Sept. 24-"Black Friday." Culmination of financial panic in New York. Gold quoted at 16-&. Ofct. -=Er-President Franklin Pierce died at Concord, N. H., aged ~6. Dec. 8.-Ecumenical couneil of Catholic church met at Rome. Pope.e Infali bility in matters of faith and morals reaffirmed. March O- Ffts th ta.endent ti see stitution declared adopted. .June-.Ninth .cst takee. Pe~puade MGSa8s July 15-France declared war against Germany. This was the beginning of the Franco-German war. Sept. 1-French defeated by Prussians at Sedan. French • loss, 30,000; Prussian loss, 20,000. The next day the French army of 108,000 men and Emperor Na poleon In. surrendered to King Wil Iamof Prussia. Sept 4-Emperor Napoleon IIL deposed and third French republic proclaimed at 4:15 p. m. S4ept. 16-Investment of Paris begun by the Prussians. Sept. 20-Rome surrendered to Italian army by the pope. This marked the end of the pope's temporal power. 1871. March 3-Act establishing Centennial ex position at Phila delphia passed by congreks. March -First civil service commission appointed. Oct. 8-9 - Fire de stroyed l,000 build ings in Chicago; homeless; lo s s, $192,000,000. Nov. 10-Henry M. Stanley found- Dr. Livingstone at UJi ji, Central Africa. Jan. 1-King. Wil liam of Prussia iAac - proclaimed em Bor ArRperor of Germany. Jo A prll--D This completed the creation of the new German empire. Jan. 28-Paris surrendered to the Prus slans. Feb. 28-Treaty of peace signed between France and Prussia. This treaty ceded to Prussia nearly all of Alsace and one flfth of Loraine, and demanded the pay ment of $1,000,000,000 by France to Prussia. This war cost nearly 50.000 lives. 1872. March -Strike for an 8-hour day, in volving 100,000 men, began in New York. It lasted three months and resulted suc cessfully for the strikers. Nov. 5-Twenty-second presidential elec tion. Grant received 286 electoral and 3,597,070 popular votes. Remainder of electoral votes divided as follows: B. Gratz Brown. 18; Thomas A. Hendricks, 42; Charles J. Jenkins, 2; David Davis, 1. Combined popular vote of Greeley and Brown was 2,834,079. 1873. Feb. 27-Oakes Ames, of Mass., and James Brooks, of N. Y., censured by congress for connection with Credit Mobiller. Vov. 19-William H. Tweed convicted In New York; sentenced to 12 years in the penitentiary. 1874. March 8-Ex-President Millard Fillmore died at Buffalo, N. Y., aged 74. Nov. 19-National Woman's Christian Tem perance union organized at Cleveland, O. 1875. May 1-Whisky frauds exposed. Loss to government in rev enue stamps, $1, 860,000. July - Alexander Graham Bell con structed first suc cessful telephone. July -Peasants of Hersegovina re belled against Ot toman government tion of taxes. This led to rebellions in the TurkiSh provinces of Ser via, Bosnia and Montenegro last oAmAo p ing through 1876. S and ended in the July st -1a Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78 and the finalestablishment of the Bankan states. July 31-Ex-President Johnson died near Jonesborough. Tenn, aged 67. Nov. 28-Vice President Henry Wilson died at Washington. aged 63. 1876. May 10-Centennial exposition opened at Philadelphia by Pres. Grant and Don Pedro II. of Brazil. June 25--Gen. George A. Custer and 276 men massacred by Indians under Sit ting Bull near Little Big Horn river, Montana. .Aug. 1-W. W. Belknap, secretary of war, .acquitted of, mir8inr t chayrges Aug. 1-Colorado admitted to the union. Nov. 7-Twenty-third presidentltl elec tion. Hayes received 185 electoral and 4,003.295 popular votes; Tilden 184 eleo toral and 4, 24,26 vpopular votes. ,; Nov. 23-Slavery abolished in Turkey. 1877. April 25-First battle of the Russo-Turk ish war fought near Batoum on the Black sea. Dec. 9-Turks defeated by Russians at battle of Plevna; 80,000 Turks surren dered. 187$. Feb. 7-Pope Pious IX. died. Feb. 20-Leo XIII. elected pope. ue,.,, 9ý1T n t ,f .,a na «e. ni ~nfsm March S-Treaty of peace signed between Russia and Turkey that closed the Russo-Turkish war. April IS-Three hundred thousand cotton mill operatives struck in Lancashire, England, against reduction of wages. Strike lasted nine months and was par tially successful. Dec. 17-Gold down to par in New York, first time since Jan. 13, 186. 1879. Jan. 1-Specie payment resumed by the government Feb. 15-Act permitting women to prac tice before the supreme court passed. 1880. May 31-League of American Wheelmen organized at Newport June-- Tenth census taken. Population, 50,155,783. Nov. 2-Twenty-fourth presidential elec tion. Garfield received 214 electoral and 4,450,921 popular votes; Hancock 155 elec toral and 4.447,888 oopular votes. 1881. Feb. 24-Work began on the De Lesseps Panama canal. March 13 - Czar Alexander II. of Russia assassin ated by nihilists in St Petersburg. Alexander IIL pro claimed emperor March 14. May 2--Kingdom of Roumania estab lished by corona tion of Prince Charles as king. June 24 -- Secretary of State Blaine notified American ministers at Eu ropean courts that Nora Dec. , IS. -Died any attempt to May n, >U. guarantee neutral ity of Panama canal would be considered unealled-for interference. July 2-President Garield shot by Gul tean in Baltimore and Potomac depot at Washington. Sept. 1-President Garfield died at l- beron, N. J., at 10:35 p. m. 1833. March 4-Kipgdom of Servi established; Prince Milan crowed king. March 25-Edmunds law excluding big amists and polygamists from holding office passed.. Sept. -IS-nglish armsy entered Cairo in triumph after dispersing Egyptian reb i2 army and capturing Arabi. its lead er. This campaign made English infau :nce in Egypt Daramnont, and the An lo-French agreement for a joint pro tectorate was asnulled Nov. 19, 1883, France withdrawing. 1883. ...u . 1i4-VerdIt returned of not guilty in Stai-Route case. July ID-Strike of telegraph operators be gan at Pittsburgh, Pa., and spread throughout the country. It involved Q,00 men who asked for 15 per cent. n crease of wages. Lasted 30 days and was successfuL 1884. Nov. 4-Twenty-fifth presidential election. Cleveland recelved 219 electoral and 4. 11,17 popular votes; Blaine 184 electoral and 4,848348 popular votes. Dec. 6-Mr. Gladstone's third reform bill antlng universal male suffrage In Eng and became a law. 1685. Jan 26-Qen. e es George Gordon and English and Egyptian troops massa cred at Khartoum. Feb M2L Pree State established by European powers with King of BLgium at itdhead. Feb. 26-Contract labor law passed. Marh -President. Arthur apporved set then t navoy. . .. W- nnololý b sý.r July 7-Pasteur inoculated irst patiet for hydrophobia. Nov. 25-Vice-President Thomas A. Hen dricks died at Indianapolis. Ind., aged G March 6-Knights of Labor struck on southwestern rall roads. May 4 - Anarchist riot and Haymar ket massacre took place in Chicago. June - Gladstone's home rule bill for Ireland defeated in English parlia. r ment. Aug 31-Charleston, S., C., and other southern points visited by severe earthquake. Aug. 30-Spies SA Schwab, Fielden, sorn i Frce Dec , Parsons, Fischer - sa, B.Engel and ing, Chicago anarchists, sentenced to death and Neebe to 15 years' imprisonment for Haymarket riot. Nov. 18-Ex-President Chester A. Arthur died at New York, aged 58. 188tf. between q, h~rinea signed.' ^;YI*7J :y Aug. 11--H. . Ives & Co., New York brokers, failed; liabilities, $0,000,000. 1888. May -Slavery abolished in Brazil; 700, 000 slaves freed. Sept. 12-Act prohibiting immigration of Chinese into United States approved. Nov. 6-Twenty-sixth presidential election. Cleveland received 168 electoral and 5,540, 329 popular votes; Harrison 228 electoral and 5,439,853 popular votes. Dec. 11-Panama canal company failed. 1889. Feb. 1--New constitution adopted by Japan. It permitted religious liberty, granted general freedom and created leg islative branch of the government. Feb. 20-Act to create Maritime Canal com pany passed by congress. Oct. 2--Pan-American congress organized in Washington. Oct. 22-Work began on Nicaraguan canal Nov. 2-North and South Dakota admitted to the union. Nov. 8-Montana admitted to the union. Nov. 11-Washington admitted to the union. Nov. 15-Pedro 11. of Brazil compelled by people to abdicate. Brazil declared a re public. 1890. April 2-Australian ballot system first in troduced into United States at election in Rhode Island. June 2-Eleventh census taken; population, 62,622,250. July 3-Idaho admitted to' the union. July 10-Wyoming, the 44th state, admitted to the union. 3July-Aug.-Sept.-Oct.-Treaties for the di vision of Africa signed between England and France, Germany, Italy and Portu ual 1891. March 2-International copyright act ap proved. 1899. Nov. 8-Twenty-seventh presidential else tion. Cleveland received 277 electoral and 5,556,533 popular votes; Harrison, 145 eleltCral and 5.440,216 popular votes; W.-arear. 22 electoral and 1,122,045 popular 1898. Jsa. 11-.en. Benjamin F. Butler died at WashIngton, aged 75. Jan. 23-Judge L. Q. C. Lamar, soldier, statesman, jurist, died at Macon, Ga. Jan. 27-James G. Blaine died at Washington, apge aS. Feb. 20-Gen. P. T. G. Beauregard died .at New Orleans. aged 75. Feb. 22-Inman line steamers City o. NewYork and City of Paris trans quimn vzcreIa ferred from British aorn May it ma--crown to American. reg SJuno iW. s Jun.e a5 ml. Mar 2-Act to com psi railreeat.to atitopmate coupletr and air brakes on all aers approved. Aug. 15-Bebring sea court of arbitrat reported. R'ght of U. B. to a closed se. denied. 1884. April 23--.G tsasl strike of mine workers throughout the country against a reduc tion of wages. It involved nearly 200,006 men, and was partially successful at the end of two months. June 2-Sympathetic strike ordered on all western railroads by American Railway union. It lasted two months. July 25-Hostilities began by Japan in Chi nese-Japanese war. Sept. -Armenians massacred in. assoun district; 6,000 people slaughtered. This was the beginning of the series of mas sacres in Armenia that continued until Sept., 1896. Dec. 23-Capt. Dreyfus sentenced to per petual imprisonment in a fortress for selling French military secrets. 1895. April 16-Treaty of peace signed between China and Japan. May 20-Supreme court decided income tax mw unconstitutionatl mw uncOnsurTUonaBL Jan. 1-Corea proclaimed Its independence of China. 1898. Feb. 1-"Reooncentrado" order issued by Gen. Weyler in Cuba. Aug. 17--Gold discovered in Yukon district of Alaska by Geo. McCormack. Nov. S--Twenty-eighth presidential elec tion. William McKinley received 7,107,022 opunlar and 21 electoral votes; William Jeinnge Bryan, 8,l1,0 popular and 174 electoral votes. 1897. June IS-Hawaiian annexation treaty signed at Washington. Islands formally annexed July 7. Jan. 1--Arbitration treaty between United States and England 1aned. Feb. 1--Battleshlp Maine destroyed in Ha vana harbor by ex Splosion; 286 offteers and men killed. March 9-Fifty mil lion dollars appro priated for nation al defense. . April 17-Great pow ersof Europe make a pleafor peace between U nit ted States and Spain. April 20-Spanish minister. Polo de Bernade, given his passports. April 21-Minister oodford left Ma A edrid. April -- President e r is Mastyiker,, A lls for 12,000 vol aees. i uS* nteers. April 32--Blockade of Cubanports beg n. May I-Spanish squadron destroyed at Ma by American esquadron under Corn. Dewey. Spanish loss, 400; American loss. none. July 14-Battles of El Caney, El Paso. and Juan fought. s h driven back to S lItago and siege began. July -Spanish squadron destroyed of Santiago. Spanish lose, 600 killed, prisoners. Juf 17-Santiago surrendered to American Aug. IS-Peace protocol signed. Aug.g. -City of Manila ceptured by Amer Jan. 6-Peace treaty between United 8tates and Spain ratified by senate; vote, 37 to 27., March 19--Malolos seat of Filipino govern mcrii captured by American troops under April IS-The Hague peace conference opened; 16 countries represented. Aug. 16-Capt. Dreyftus pardoned by French president. He -had been convicted of high treason by new court-martial and sen tenced to 10-years' Imprisonment. South African Republic and Orange Free State. Nov. 4-Tripartite agreemant between Unit ed States, Great Britain and' Germany over Samoa abolished; U. S. guaranteed possession of Island of Tutulia. 1900. June ---British army captured Pretoria. June 1-ForeIgn legations in Peking be sieged by Boxers. - June 16-German Minister Baron von Ket teler murdered at Peking. Ju -King Humbert of Italyasss t. e; ceeded by Victor Emmanuel lI: Aug 17-Foret legations in Pekesg res cued by allied troops. Sept. E-Giveston. Tan, 4. PETIE'S SUBSTITUTE. The great surgeon pushed back his chair from the table. He had finished a good breakfast and was disposed to bein an amia ble mind. He had yet an hour or more before he would have to begin the work of the day at his office and then later at the hospital, where many poor sifferers were awaitianhis attention to relieve them of their pain either by curing or killing them. He picked up-the morning paper to look it over, but as be did so a servant entered the doorway as though she wished to speak to him. "Well, Martha, what is it?" +The girl was standing in the doorway waiting to be addressed. "If you please, sir, there's a child wants to see you." "Didn't you tell her to call during oMe hours?" ."se wouldn't go awy, sr.." private office." "What?" The great surgeon, sowled at the girl. Then he rose quickly and passed from the room, and across the hall, into his inner of fice. It was rather dark, and for a moment he couldn't discern his caller. Then he stepped to the window and drew up the shade. She was a little girl, a very little girl,.ith a little weazened face; and little black eyes that snapped and twinkled. A shabby, brown straw hat crowned her black ce' and her frock was shabby, too, and her shoes and stockings were shabby, indeed. Over her shoulders was a small black shbawl, and with the ends that hung down across her breast her brown fingers constantly played. The surgeon looked down t her. She was such a little mite, p.rhed on the e4rne edge of the biggest chair in the ro~an, with her shabby little shoes pushed back agaipt a roun4. Somehow he didn't say the sharp woagls h had intendedieying. In fact, all he said was: "Well? "Be you th' doctor?" The child's s lee was a little hoarse and a little old+fos her years. The surgeon nodded. "Then the girs o' yourn is a liar. She says: 'You can't see him;' I says fI can;' she sagy 'You won't,' an' I says I will.' An' thetl gives herya push an' runs straight by her, an here l am, as' here you be." 4nd she laughed noiselesly. * "Well, well,'".aid the surgeon, regemag an inclination to smile, "now bhat .'uAre. herewhatean I door ou ?" The chidasraightend her face. : S"lain't for me,'she said, quickly. "I: wouldn't come here nohow for myself. Your pricesistoo high. Districk physickersi.sood enough for poor folks like me., "B ides, Missis Flaherty, she's de lady I a wit', says, 0, how you do love to knife " .'I: Perhaps the great surgeon wilned. ait at this. "Go on," he said, "my time is vatsbtle." "Mine ain't," laid the child, complap t ly; "but what I comes here fer is Petie.. "And who is Petie-?" "He's me big brudder, going on I; #e got hurted by a motor lea' Tuesday, an' you got him in de horspital, ward 2, fort' bad from de door." The surgeon took out a memorandua book. "Yes," he said; "Peter Mullea, ribs broken, spine h. I, remember the boy. What abutron bia?" ' ' "Didn't he say uothbt' about ei-le? Dat's me. You see, it's the flst thv Peitie te' me has been sep'rated roe .,f i ei died." She psased the fringed -ed of the shawl quickly acr*s her eyes. "Thbe it's all right. Boys will git hurt. htILjaste to say is this: "At 'leven o'clock ise goin' to ap'rate on Petle. He tale ma so himself. Hle wus lyin' quine an" the' i, doctors thought he was ialeep.. Al~, r said dat wid good nursin' Petie wo0l.lt well in de natch'ral way, but in de it'ru s of science-dat's what dey said-you . -sgoo in' to take de chances wid de lknife - ides dey said dere wasn't one chance is twenty of de boy's livin' through itg, See?" The surgeon's face grew dark "Well, what of it?" he sAked, almsst -1 roughly. d - "Don't git mad," said the .ild. "IsPmhrst givin' it to you straight. You see, it's ilke dis. I can't spare Petie nohow. e's al' I've got. I ain't strong, meself, an' Petie looks after me like a mudder,[ He' i anwfi :.i Snmart boy. He sells papers, an' runs ew rands, an' holds hosses. He kin do m ansay thin'. An' what I wantto sayidat if se ence needs a kid to cut, why,4po take me an' let Petie go?" "What's that?" cried the surgeon, sharply. "There you go, gittin' mad ag'in," cried the child. "I know what you'll say. `Yotull say my case ain't no interestin' one like Pe. tie's. But how do you know till you look?", "What's the matter with you?" growled , the surgeon. The child stood up. One of her shoulders drooped, and she was bent, like an aged woman. "It's me back," she explained. "Come here," said the surgeon. The child shuddered. "You ain't got no knife, nor nothin'?" "No," said the surgeon. And he repeated, more gently, "Come here." Then he took her on his knee,,nfastened her dress and ran his hand along her spine, kneading it carefully here and there. As the examination proceeded his eyes sparkledand he breathed hard. "When did this happen?" he asked. "Tree year ago," replied the child; "rana way hoss." "Anything ever done for it?" "Petie took me to a man that put rone on me, but dey hurted so dreadful dat P._ trun 'em away." The great surgeon swore softly. "There," he said, "that will do," He smiled down at her as he helpedrefasten the dress. "Science accepts the eMhange," he gayly added. "An' Petie?" "Petie will be taken care of until be gets well," said the surgeon. "Go and see him to-day. I shall-want you to-morrow." The child shuddered slightly. "'Wh-what for?" she tremulously asked. "Don't you worry," said the surgeon. "That Mrs. Flaherty of yours was a little harsh. Anyway, there'll be no knife for you. Be here at nine o'clock to-morrow morning. I want a wise man to see you. Then you will go to a nice place, where chil dren who are not strong are sent, and, please God, if all goes well, we will fit yousoat with a straight new back," "But Petie an' me ain't got no money," gasped the child. "Science, who has just made a bargain with you, will have to look out for that her self," laughed the surgeon. "Anyway, you needn't worry." The child looked up at him with shining eyes, and made an awkward little eartesy. "You-you'"r a splendid maul" she cried. "Good-by." "Good-br," said the surgeon.-Cevelan pain Delr