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FARMER AND PLA TER WEEDS AND THEIR SEEDS. S.Fae tor in Farm 'Work that Con rames an Enormouso Amount of Time. If we could know how much of our time each year is spent in fighting weeds, the record would astonish us. Weeds in the corn, weeds in the pota toes, wee~in the grain and weeds i ft g'r.., fveeds everywhvere: Where tlt chn:e frog and s just why they Rjt1~tia, v ýfi~e~sttey , t-ii iz tool los thonght. I have lately been haying a costly papeu$tnq witl a 'weed which w* oll here in tie east the' wireweed~ I thainl it is; a 4peciea of the golden iti ime le. i 4*idIblbssoms beisr a senmarkable resemblance to that plant. be.·.b1p oj gi the oigin of the plant on my farm, but it came last 60 fu1'Areas. 'Those who ifig abog t its tenacity, a not be told, what roots it has, g hk.C' out in every direetion mnd,sending out its myriad of fibrous got herdg44 hlere ptil jt runs all other v getation out. Last fall 1 plowed ,a piece which was thickly grown tup to this tWeed and thought perhaps by plowing again in the. srFii t'might be pble to conquer it; 't" ' "h i 'piri iiug cane and I turned the land .over again there was the Sireweed as fresh as ever after the -ratt warm rain. Then the question arose what to do next, and I conclud ed that nothing would avail like thor ough cultivation. I planted my piece to potatoes, as I had intehded, and sat down to await results. I had not 4o4g gtq dait, for some time before the potatoes word out of the groutnd the wireweed had begun to send up I head all over the field. I put in a ske' tooth harrow and did what I eauýi"at' way to subdue the wded, Kj ta_ dill. 'iesealted Itself as fo hs sooti as I coil d end had the sati ,~ff nuwhý~g that I a4 rooted out some of the i s gave me courage.and I ~p~.t it .JFours .lmesa.I went, over 1. se, .i.rt aO 'the time one way and part thi other." `I was beginning to get the stuff d~redr~tgil ns a talks renajined in the potato hills *2ai.afte;.ur +.i.g 'them up I went so.gh them v with a hoe and every S A if 'f Witrewood I could find was Sarefully pllld by hand. To-day the piece s Uis. Ifsd ' Mbeheidg b d~jtit Q? ith hours of baekachel sedog hey .O'1&e (roin? `V*edlY I w-l43T: 4n p~vistAdeal ot fq4 stun p- orgraOs8 sseed, for, be as careful as' we may, some will get into the grass seed. I have always taken pains to buy they. P r best and cleanest seedI. euld'.. i, andl yet, no doubt I lhave bee deceived. Again, one careless iger sayt seed 'to foul weeds a -,Mwl4cApwnahip, for the weed seedsafly Sr ofi of the wind far and near. vpdl *o0 ripen these seedk are ( t Zlt tht yboat across the saow ! tr+lea; tshas wild carrot and similar plants, migrate. A few mo tats with a scythe jt before 'the he "plants begin to ripen would save un- I mold tropble to those who really try to keep their farms free from weeds. Many of our weeds come from the seesPmen, who 'send them out in lit- I , ;akg s ;f' .t the filower garden. It t ttu 4ht ty y be named theyso-I ailed FMu Thee ought to be & stringent law against spreading this ed in such a, way. It is a most pes iftrous weed `running everything '.ne out wherever it gets a foothold. 1 I E seatiseo"ikuih soot- nad froms 1 O-e seed, which hke that of wild car Soius aso light, as, ,iA$ather l .ix harred by the wind for miles and a miles. j~n some parts of the east this plant is getting a dangerous foothold. I -I-E.:L.. VineInt, m rAgricultural Epi- ] '+ 1 t Tt~.. - . Pt CC T+' Fe Parmer, in Order, to' Abheive Seccess, Must be Liberally Sltiere Is no profession or calling known among men, in which a thor ,ugh education is more necessary to euceesi than farming. Tlie farmer has +. W deal ' tl i'l the nituria" sisnces; aiid whether ignorant or informed, must abide the results. If he knows xothing of batany, he is handicapped froamrthestlr. If he knows nothing' "bOut arioultural chemistry, or the Ia o bfi plant' growth a.cept 'what is aecessary to distinguish between a very poor and a very rich soil, or to know what plants grow best in sum mer and what in winter, he is at a se .ious disadvantage when competing withe biest' educated farmers. If' ignorant of zoology, entomology, my s.l tese braries.f scien tft chowl edge; but if they are grounded in the elementary principles, they will know where to go for wlaat they want. A wis. philosopher haas said, the knowledge is to know where to go t0 obtain it. itp eut..3edcstion i the i.cences upon which success dependa, farmers can i1ot .hope t ,ah, th$ir own with the commercial and maniu faeturila interests, with the best ie t cot et numismatics, and that is acquired ky simple contact, or as 5 often the ease, by inheritancE. biefaid thee taf frdmn turning the furrow ai# t he crop, is aed' e1 iii tfre's uri Ape# lble laws, and al knowledge:,of s laws is science. Such knowl age is never inherited 'or' acquired kg accident or incident. It must be ~stby .iBrd g tidy and persistent h.sa;g-bhiereasnoedlling, with the .eepttn of thatof teachlng, fthat irk r results sEadl rlosiad gag sagrI~titure. The time is asapidly approaching when farmers ºeat be edieated in every branch of owledge which effects their calling w ato~te9 be Ietct al It abwld postionst e :1Ztjs . ricultural colleges, and continue through life. When a farmer becomes too .old to learn apy more, he should sell his farm, move to town and do the best he can.-Texfas Farm and Ranch. IMPORTANT FACTOR IN HOGS. An Important Factor It Hog Raislag Is to Keep the Animtls SGrowsing. It i possille.t keep the hog crow ing and th ifty_ in July: "41 Aguft as well as . April andii5ay, if the conditions t.i niade fai.orable: $ogs may be grown successfully by soiling, but this plan requires more attention 'than marin favmnes w~it to give. So the next best way is to provide a pasture. Gr&as and clover are loosen ing Lb the system, and $areju$t biited to pigs in dry, hot weather. This suc culent food is, also rich.iauthe~Amscle and bone forming materials, and on a pastur'e the pigs get exercise which is very necessary for th.ir proper de velopment. But wether the ijigs are on pasture or not, they never will be thrifty in summer uilless plenty of pure, fresh water is given them.s This is of great importance, yet I believe it is a matter that is neglected by very many farmers. Of course, stop is a partial substitute, but will not en tirely answer the purpose of drinking water. To get an idea .of about how much they will drink, measure the water out to them in a pail some dry, hot day in August., You may be sur prised at the quantity they, w.ll con sume. Another thing in the case of hogs in warm weather, and one which is too often overl6oked, is shade. In go ing through the country how often we see a half dozen of more hogs con fined in a small lot entirely destitiuw of shade. Again, it is a common pra-. tice among some farmers to pen their hogs up in a small yard adjoining the hog house, wherei they arss .kcept throughout the ,susbinner in mesa and 4ltk. The buil4iungpaaevers very well for v rotlgtion from sun and storm, but a grove or wood lot would be much better. " You cant smell, some hog pens farther than you can see them, and to confine these animals in sulh places at any time of the year ( wiit r , and especially in hot weather. There. s no cleaner animal on the farm than the hog, and he will keep the pen and yard in a sanitary condition if given a cli&inee to do so. The hog is a. geat e o o n 3izer of 'food; ansd It rly a iers to study cloJsely,,yererip relating to feeding pigs, impro .ug r#ear pens and rations, pndto t lokl after their general dealth and comfort, for the hog crop is an important one with the average farmer, and- it is these littledetplilsathtvt e;6liust look after carefully, if we expect to grow hogs at a good profBt.-V. M. C., in Epi tbmist. Good s5ugustions. To the cfrought-strlcken farmer, who spky just at, this. time be dim heartened with -the vspedt Of vtin ter before him with a very meager supply 01 Tfeed for even less than the usual supply of live stock on his farm, the suggestions offered in. a bulletin issued by the Missouri agricultural experiment station should be of bene fit. This bulletin advises the lowing at once :of a few acres of coow peas, which, if cut for hay, will excel in feeding value an equal quantity of claOver hay, at the same time improv. ing the land for a crop of wheat this fall. Sorghum of the Early Amber variety is also recommended, and afl'cgrp, ppil et and, Brown Doutr ha, all of which may be utilized as hay' crops by late sowing. There is a very urgeift injXii.tion attfhsc ad to these suggestions that the seed be put in immediately following these goo rains, ,ht it may get.tarted a. fn`. it ready rathlKr xate for h resu s, xless fwEtsAshbould be delayed later than usual. These suggestions seem very wise, and the farmer who gives them a test will lo"e nothing, even in failure, as their val: Ie't. ni-eai'-b fertilization of the soil is well known.-Farmers' Home Journal. HERE AND THERE. -t` taf ie the right kind of 1"d to produce eggs, just as it docs to produce bone, meat or muscle. -It is a very poor farmer who can't Sake $500 a year on-100 .acres ot good farming land. That is five dollars per acre, and represents ten Fier cent. on land at $50 per acre. There is plenty of that sort of land all over the southwest. -The president of the Chicago board of trade estimates this year's corn crop at 1,GO0,000,000 bushels. Last year's crop was 2,100,000,000. This Oh age 2 t l 2;P etre eOvr targe seeatiouen*te erop will be maca cant, abort . -.hees o osedortfor any value. This is especially true of fat tening hogs. The value of comfort can be approximately estimated in terms of corn. oats or other feed. "-ýý _ t ! z should. kbeed as Sib is 6vii o r~astw has a market value, and besides, it form. an s hOl*oni roughness for cat tie when pasturage fails. Cut straw Wet ai t miked' with bran, or oer* chops, will be rei shed .by cattle and tV, Alf fee' atd horses, a heavy outlay for bacon and other things that ought to be made at hdast short rations of butter 'and mlku.at many additional thin that -The Sa Island cotoni crop edt Ise-1o00 was ca6wi t 'it'b td. Unit le Statedesparetent f 'agtriculture as one of the larg.. e.er grassa, amounting to 9",338 bales. lSarge .n atitie are now need for mere lzed.srn TfSi eedt iiare er mu inlei emad o makin g Vagk. -Green paxstrage is the chief f so tor in profitabile pork prodnetion. Corn to put a :ish on is equally nee asar.. osa t Wint, r gr in, , wst ea b a . tha ye r o ' . S4 SCIENCE OF EATING. It Is Being Studied by the Depart ment of Agriculture. Selection aof Foods with Reference to Human Req aiements--Slow Cooking Is the Best of All Cooking. [Special Washington lAtter.] r ý EMPEBANCE Jectures ~a;e be ing prepared in the department of agriculture; lectures which teach temperance in all things, such as eating, drinking, tilling, planting, hoeing, mowing, reaping. Every branch and division of the great de partment of agriculture is working on common sense practical lines, In one of the divisions to-day it was was ascertained that the people of this country do not know how to choose the foods they eat or how to cook them afterward. This burden of ignorance falls most heavily upon the wage-workers who, taking an av erage among them, use one-half of their money. to buy food, this esti mate not including the cost of cook ing. The poor man wastes in pur chasing provender; his wife wastes in preparing it for the table. When an intelligent person buys a coat he has a pretty fair idea as to whether it fits him and how it will wear. But when he invests in meat and pota toes he has little information as to how much nutriment they contain or whether it is 'of a kind suited to his bodily requirements. These men of science say that when a man buys coal or wood for the winter he knows exactly how many -tons or cords he will need; but that, the average man has no iif..of the' amount or kind of fuel he needs for his body-for food is fuel to keep the human physical ma chinery going. It is of interest and value to know that the average human being, lead ing a moderately active life, requires 59 ounces of food per diem. He con sumes 37, ounces of water and ab sorbs in breathing 30 ounces of oxy gen from the air. His total bodily in come, therefore, is about eight pounds daily. What he needs for his 'suppprt each day is four and one-fifth ounces of flesh-forming albumen; two0 ounces of fat-enough to make iFai4T-sized, ...d dle-17ij ounces of sugar and starch; four-fifths of an ounce of mineral matters, stich as common salt, potassium, etc.; two quarts of water, and 150 gallons of oxygen. So much water is contained In solid foods that we may be said. to eat as much water as we drink. In order to supply the substances above mentioned a man should eat daily 20 ounces of bread, eight ounces of beefsteak, 30 ounces of po tatoes and one ounce of butter, with one quart of water or the equivalent. A human being is composed mostly of water. The body of a man weigh Ing 154 pounds contains 96 pounds or t6 quarts of water. To complete his make-up must be aaded 13 pounds of -lbumnin, ten pounds of gelatine, 23 pounds of fat, 8% pounds of phos phate of lime, one pound of carbon ate of lime, three ounces of sugar and starch, seven ounces of fluoride of calcium, six ounces of phosphate of magnesia, a trifle of chloride of potassium and a little ordinary table salt. The st;dents of food do not ex pect all men and women to know all of ,lhese ,facts, by their own experi enee, but they expect. ultimately to be ,able to teach people the science and art of eating so that life may be greatly prolonged. They have gone so far as 'to intent and construct an apparatusT for measuring the physic Ia income. and outgo of human be It is a metal box, inside of which -sman is placed. He stays there for NEW ENGLAND CLAM BAKE. several days, during which he is fed on carfully' weighed quantities of certain foods. A, current of air is drawn thr4 i.the box by a ma chine pump. Not· only is all the waste from the` man's body analyzed ,d weighe9pd,;but the air is subjected to analysis before it goes in and after it comes out of the box. By the latter analysis it -is discovered just what elements and how much' of them have been given off from the lungs of the; man in breathing. Everything 'that goes into the body of the subject being known, as well. as the outgo, .it is easily ascertained what has been used to build up the tiss.es, to make blood, etc. The .a tht"kibox ti eblias ga~s win dows, may spend"his time In idleness or he may obe occupied actively' for several hours-- of the day.- .In this way comparisons are obtained as to food consunmtd and results "accom plished unde vtarying conditions.' What they learn about the man In the box-.they; will apply: to other menb. So it will not be necessary -for all o Uts to spend even a. sinall prt sour time ..iaboxes. By these praetical experiments they dispose -f many queer popular notions about. ood. It is generally imagined. an: frequently said that an egg contains. as much nutriment as a pound of lean beefsteak. As a matter of fact, it .as 4i per: cent less: of nutriment~ pund for. pound. Beef sirloin is only 75 per cent. as nutritious as beiins and peaas. Chike and tnurkey are eahead of benns and peas in this: respect, being th e most nutritious oInowa td inkerei are' :t.---n~"L·-.";";-;j",r~L; as nutritious as sirloin steak LJean beef is. nearly three-fourths water. Prof. Atwater has invented a new contrivance for measurting` "the eei gy produced by various foods, The food 'selected for trial--a' definite quantity of it-is burned in a vessel surrounded by water. A-thermom eter of- extraordinary delicacy reg- isters the rise in the temperature of the water, the quantity of which is known. Then an equal amount of the same food is burned in. the hu- man body. Of course, all -f o di gested 'ndeirgoes a process ofdchebm cal combustion. Sir Henry Thompson, a celebrated English physician, is quoted as having said: "More mischief in the form io disease ana shortened life is caused by bad" habits of preparing and eating food than by bad, habits in the use of ýýý SE~ ' THE GOSPEL OF MATRIMONY. alcohol." Although people might re gard that as an extreme statement in fact, an exaggeration-the men of science say that it is only an ascer tained truth which ought to be widely disseminated. The same authority as serts that fullyone-half of the prevalent dyspepsia is due to semi-starvationl because the victims cannot digest bad ly prepared food. He believes that any shrewd saloon keeper might ob tain considerable profit bysellinig prop erly made'strong.beef soup from the heads, palates and well-cleaned hoofs of beef cattle, or lentil broth from lentils. It would cost him: less than his whisky and beer cost, and if put on tap alongside of either would sell freely in place of the liquor, because more than half of the craving for stim ulants is due to want of well cooked food. The great secret .of good cook ing is slow cooking. The New England clam bake furnishes an example. It represents a methbd adopted by the. Indians for centuries before Columbus landed, when tribes from the interior visited the coast for periodical fes tivals. The whites have' simnply imi tated the process. At a modern clam bake a'platform is made of flat stones gathered on the shore, and these are heated with wood fire. After awhile the ashes are swept away and a layer of wet seaweed or rockweed put on; on this a layer of clams; then another layer of seaweed; then sweet corn in the milk; then more seaweed; then some fish and lobsters; more seaweed; more. clams; finally, in tin pans, Indian puddings, made of corn meal and molasses; then a last covering of seaweed, and the whole covered over with sailcloth. Thebheat ed stones do the cooking. Along the Atlantic coast from Maine ;to.-lorida great piles of, shells mark the places -herg ancient Indian clam bakes' were held. The name of-a locality in Massa chusetts-Squantum-is said to mean the place for a clam bake.' Tempera.lce in eating` istaught by the department,'ft being held tht peo pie seat too miiuch; eat -for the pleasauo of. eating,, rhther ta . tfoorc. ewing physical energies. Too much coal and wood ate tsed in k I'h'tie kitchen range will be abdtllhedf when science prFtails on . all of the pt.plei Cookiing muist be done with, 91 or with as. The:: departine iIi'i list .of dietaries, showfing how pe1.1pea Iif~ n: from 14 to 8 scents ieaek. per day. If one spends 28 cents perf day, tbht will include all luxuriies;. ujst tlhink ho, cheap'banq.fitts w ii eco~ie : hen seience tkiles chargte 'oftohe itchen, sid8 whe':leeenc goes to mariket awih Sbasket on.i its arm aand 'little bit of a pocketbook in its hand. The parish priest in NeW' ut1 who s preaching matrimnho, ad urgiing his young, people to marry m.ight help along his gospel by aitding science to t, as applied by tlih.. departi~ent of griculture. The: :young Iwives wil, hear no ..more about "Sth:o'pis that mother - used to make;" sail, with' wages saved' by scienee, we 'wil hear o more -of the onandrmiim Is4 mar viage a faluhre ?" The future Paulnid Virginia will buy all ffod scienatlicall7. and cheaply, and li i.ytwilhfe pl-;et i 'time- to let their disnera slhizkqr You-n and X0and some of oureitlrn,' may not liveto see. this -hlnr~n oftthe. illeniume but it is eoinin.jaes..sIt astastas the amenof siencl ' can brvid it· to us. x tII SSkinner-i just sold the last of thoseii uburban houses I ~ut up .. . : Weaver-What `.e ot' g'toil to do with all the imoneyt Skinner-Ina st it in quiiinipeand sell, t to the punre~ sers '.of te hoises is oon as .they hae taught the malari . Leslie's Weel y. Tramip-LaIa, cly rqan a poor 'lgrim et eenh btit erpr7e r sioady-. nd w w yoh do - "oamu t e ;al stanly e tot, mum a shorn whiskers to Ushion.- PiadelpSia heLord. h one Wa &-ti 't. s "I'llget even t ith thetprop~retor - Ma hotel ,y-some 4't ui a, Luntea s. 4 :l"Your t Wan do t' @e; o "Commit sui ui hotel. That lways an th."-gePo*t. wo Lana.ge° ... .he o stream of carriages, passing and c pa. g n Terae Iarorewj and to peer at his igbors on the e baconi s orotrtia w stab ar ndeowa . says the New t `;e;. Here, for instance, isa pretty en$a t# leaning torwa mft z on t tdoves further -fthai4 and repasseý heB ' *i$w eft aot' nci e. athe, evening,, bat eiores Qi_ tinti s When the mother is safe in the bac she eas forwar ceeltassy countt the sticks of herf e that signal and knowst lee thao a es . tsi leak thi himi. ae salpro es. and pauses before the win dws Sdb e ' -they are ;nble t hiteinm #. tAe qt'it a conversatiop. ,- - Ahi now her mother musatbco ing. lie walks othwardi .o t - ner aind4 e4saes the streeit faetaid1lyi this young man has enough erercissa in walking. ie carries himself grace fully, with a peculiar posea one oftin sees here, and yoit alwa. s reCognis him by his walk . as e approdaheseali evenings in the distance. As the. senorita walks towad. the window frman the room f.,tnin be self hee knows she intesti' to say to him: "Tnhis ernisng Iamgib'. ig ont. Of course, he wonders when a. She shuts her fa.;reryslog~ y and knows that she does not leave tie house until quite late; so .there y býb 'orottn ty for further conversation , § She returns to the i indowean4holds her fan closed sga nst herg thek She feels sad that she muta ý ; w o. this evenning" away fromna laim WI 1 her mother tieserieave the#odiaand give him anotherk haece tbiapptaosfhY N_ d;i n-night ta emoither,-s eila lyfavors the front room. After awhile the novioiea p of speaking with= hi e. efmattand es ters a carriage whichhzsaliar e passed and r iepsed Wji;th ee r Tour times, with two trieas oii T *p coach will drivenasai i arti lar windo'u'naot`vebin tv i*ty tiniea during the evening thpt hsiaey hsaB #t least the ple atuc kpt his sweetheart... Hp.,ss::: thing has been going on Iimnths.i Usuaiklyin iiueh case;ve1f aotung man is striangly afttiaeted he oiobtabAi# an introductionat a ,dance or.hrougk a friend of her fa ily, and is invied to call at the boui;, pwvtet'i h te - er approves of Iher aght'smaki his acquaintance. Evideatly,; in this case, the mother dpes not appeose, bat the young lady does.. What will be the enid 6ofthis little romance? The neighbors all wonder and,,as all mankind loves a loser, they do not feel that they are takinga lib erty in watching this game of heerthe 'Se, she opiensher fan ait is turned downward in lihr iand.I She is asking' him to write tob her. o-matrow itht' yon will see,a letter trangsfeved from one to the other. : You are doing inothing iunusual. i watching youir nteighbors thus closely, As you- walk `don -the ltreet =id the eveningt you canisee into the interior of each ut, If yTyou seea pair of lovers in the corner of a salon, ypi also see the mother ;iarby with pa per or embroidery in haa. Ei$w would, ou liki that~ you. xerice to not make the mistake oftineking. that Cuban senors and senirltas o tot. fd a way td oi enitudi their` sweet not1ngg., fTey4t ahe ev' resePt ;faiendzone ais d we sihen a whisper canbe spok9L n t10 chaperon caay item ''`. 4a4 sft onf * e a*h" r a s d d ?i w-w: I4 Viii:Qi'B~~tYfel W7 I fir : tLl. _ .E t~Rgi~r · ·~ti rs4. _ 3uc~~~-ou~n 4 -~ ýc i m s e* ýi B T;ii i t#. +t" 14, t1i,: iidi~~ 414 940;,:, ýý Sf tag x w.ý + =3 af ,_° ý s: a& " iSyý ;'~~·-AMU& n ý tk f ý h IlfN1. ..tt F,, ` x it b : S - K J +:= ` `2i M ' .. i I A , ý v73 .':{eý1 .,R '4 R "tIE ý .tTy,' . j 's'r 'L 4¶Rsehed the bro ass: shoued th vo a. t 4ed o c # ýEi~~~~ii~i~i~~i R~uu yoea u bee wba me brok teto dowet he a &euw E± ja.eChlaa liei:ee CZ2Ctit Wbor ~ imtto.t?ý rya ewh Rh.vt r p al Sii S wha eel Easy or Ti f' yu`ha it us eiP .died to -o whn .h .ante d it, 25c. , as; :a desr,"t ý; ýfo a set Ache and i ,f~F~P~Sf~ic drle it orsos, Alien}' S Olmite for e-jtihntor'w. Sa toresgneel it,.5.akei mpe2 a M lraess osle lit jobb er Isn a 4A7 oreiwo. e tr b st on *sjneChirs fi. ,ý,. ' %ij-:?;: ;r ý motes does i: quiet pe um A", wne Tou Call"~*I. H~!~i3L~r. T nic (Improvd . k,: e c~;~t by~~ ti~~;i·d al~~·si~~~ri .'*e ,~- ~· .Jib~-· ~?a;'l: ."i·IP I ·:k i·f::; '·; ';··. 'al: i.:4 ;;·t~;~ ~-·i ·Z~ij ; wl ~i~ ~9: ~i~Lu ;P i·~-i- BsF~·~i nle; ,,,, :?i : ~.ls ·~it~sh-~crrE~i,~a~t B~il: ·i= I tX 14 rnow. zpI iI''n