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PIB3LISI-IED E"VIERI~ MONDA,.Y OOHINNIGT, AT ~8:2.50 PER A-N L'I, ITS AIVA NC. .
VOL. 1. SH.EVE) oRT, LA., MONDAY, JULY 22, 1 8G.
The Weekly News
Publikhed erery MoDiday Morning at
thc lowo price of
ipg.0 Per .Arn*rn .
'JOHN DICKINSON,
EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
oFB1C C oA T X A se T.
t[ .rear tle Mayor's OJlce. . ;
Our Motto--Home Manufacture.
S¶rUI I*JA:.
J e1wssage of
ABE LINCOLN,
Fellor- Citiz ins f tA/e S.eIte
.41a !oust o 'llrpresrentctires.
HIIai Ing heen convenea d nn an .'extra
ordilnary occasion, nA ait:hiriz'd bi
the C'onittitutiolt, Vy'tr atti.ntioul i:
not ealle'd to any ordinary .-ij.ct I
legislation.
At the beginnting of tit., preslltL
Presidential trt.', tour month, ago
the funitions of" tlh FedeIral govern.
aientu were Ithnn to . _,nrall t'.rlI
.nspentdedl withinti. tsvral State.
tof Iounthl 'arolina, (' ,.,r'-ia. -. \lahtrna
1is.i.issippi, L,,,ui alrn and Florida
,Xicjptihg tihoe onlylv ,f thu l'o.t t
,alit,,* I hep lariit it.
W ithin these itatr- all till, fort:,
iand the like, i'ltith hilhrl.. t.ove .
e anl ttli i i nari lfr ,l ,,rty in im t1
abhout thlu, had b .,n i~. izd ald hh
in ll 'n h o -rility t', Ohit ' t ,v, -,rni i nt l ,
t.e c pting only l ,' r*, l'i k, ,.-. '1".,
f tr a l .,.l irs n, n i ii ar tit .
llorihla cilIo l. aill!l I".oft tS tri: l it
I'had rb-st iion hti - ,r. ..,a t th I l.! ,:
'I'r h. f nrito tHt ., it . -! I .,i lett .
/.itjt ill tinl-i lt-:,id i.n 1t,( ~ltf cit
at t i -u.ll : a . ,v lllv - ih l : t...I i,. ri, -.
in..uL bul,, atI d , lit i.vt! , - t Ltr.t
tilld e:nl. i. inC .t.i the ,n: . 3,,-i ,
Ity, i i '- 1 tilrt lnc. stir e" ti
t\ fl , t-l, . L - cit,r n, d, . o, ' t .ii
i " I, 1 11 ..1.. l , i - t- ,., I it, - . ll ,
, til it It'1ithul r l adiv t- ss,., ;lit . 'htu:..
S. - ,iii' h al o in 'ini .,et | ti t.- .iI . i
,, ain .t th, ( . . , , . ,,. .
t 'hitl hll p .he: t .I ,l t srn .-. i,1 ,+ 1r
\ 0 pnhrop"hor. \ -hcd. " m :,,,
ritalerl Dart E'i it in str i, .' .L t . It
:, ,i'l of tLh,"p. t ,f.n ri n . (! tt.t
rtigilnI.rtl in g taT t uVlrth i tID ii. d to'
h eao 'lauk u l t' : ittli'i r l.: t .oir
tid tk'n thtiataeminhtttd the Ilfl.ithY .
' riuini sthal ' ll a , o n. it i ut t'.o:,' nii
ttiti a ll rt this. tlhd iutf s,, tr a, j ,nt,
tlhe iedertil niun tinay ,,p,.Ji u an''twi
,i. ofh i. irduitlic, Lad ber-t adof Il'tu l
in .ah of thell tMat,ra e I. dtin
lthese ti te resi -ii wt 'e " t ,.e .(,ia
t=aren frt tint ll, Nf 'it. ,al Unio . .\
ti',i- beuitl ior i fit ili dat i n r i.i. ilit, 'a
( iive un l a ofthl'.," thai . h,'t bente
rt-gr frmn ate, nid Anhi d,'. ciorni
-.atito , in the chlaractc.,r ,"f (' ,,nfeder
et' S tates, w as :ls-n ;,1,y iniv.uL in i r, -
tgtuitioin . aid a.r int.terv, tit to lio
tor.-ign pow,-rs
Finding this condition of thints,t
and helieving it to be in inperati*,.
duty upon the. incnlming Exeictiv,.
to prevent, if p ssibhle, the conl -.il -
.natiio otf u ,.hi an att'tempt to destroy
the Federal 'Union. a c'holea at tuant
t , that end blcaniue inditipena le.- ,
This cll hoic' ws made tid declar
.d in the inaugural addross. The
policy c.,sen looked to the ,xhw?
tion 1"f all peaceful measusl b ,,!Are a
ros<rt to any stro ii file' . It
~tight only to hold the public places
and property not already wrested
front the' vovrnmlnt. and to collect
'Ete revenues, relying on the rest for
biute: divnc.ion and the ballot-hnx.
It proinisrd a continuance, of the
mails at (ioverninent expenise to th.,
-..ry people *If(' wer, resisting the
(.nive"rmu ent. Intl it gave repeated
iledges agaiu.t any distu'rbanc to
any ofth,, p',,ple ,r any of their
rights. Of all that a ,.resident
.niglht eonatitultiitnally and justifia
,lv do in such a case, ederything
was forborne without which it was
d,,ene d possihle to keep the (:ov
erninent on foot.
()n the 5th of March; the present
:ncumbent'a first fidl day in otce. -a
letter from Major Anderadn. com
,handing at Fort Sumter, written on
thI.. ":sti of February, and received
-it the War Department on the 4th
r!' March. was by that Department
1,int ,,l in hhi handls.
I'his 1. trer expiesse'd tlhe lrifeº,ston
I ,,piniuon i"+ thi, writer that reinfrce
i. il t'ail l il,, ih0 thr-own inllo that
.fOit within thd tinne for -hi.t rjlicf
rendered necessary by the limuited
wpplv of provisions, and witlh a vie
of holding possession of the lame
I with a 'orce of Ilein than 0,000 good
Sand well-disciplinedi men. Thimi
oyinion wa'9 councurred in by all hce
on7ceru of ihiimeonnmund, and ti'it
memonranda on thl. subject were made
enclosures of Major Anderson'a let
ter.
tr.
Trime whol was immediately laid
bhef roe Liut. (etlneral ieott. who ait
i[once colnicurcd with (enrrml Anlider
son in opinion. ()n reflcction, how.
Iever, lie took fitll time, coinsutltin,
w! ith officers both of the Armny and
Nlavt, and at the eid of fnr da'l'~
Scamne reluctamltiv but Jeriiedllv to time
sname conlchimioi as hifre. ~f,, aulo
sItated at thit salme timom tlhat na. such
umtltiietll fo rce was then nt the con
trmd of ti.he (iovernhlent., or could bie
raisea, md hmrntluht on thie grounld
withlin ?1.i tini when *lii. prirusmions.
int thme fort would bie ixhlumnt,,d.
in a purely military imintto iof v.r,
thiis remlnced timem dut v mt tl:e Adlmi mis
tration in the rnmn to the mnIrt, inattcr
of gettinm- thl.- garriinlti unfrley out ok
the fort. It was beIlihev.d, lqev,:r.
that so to aiband-mi that 1posittoll itn
dr the circcumntrantces womlf Ie iut
tCrlv ruinouls:t h the f..ces.-.ity tun
dir'whiimhmit wn.iisd mn.. cmmld not Ie fil
ly uimderstmmm,,m : that iy many it wiuld
|ie coi tit'ild 1 m pa rt" ,tf a vthinntarv
'limicy; that mit himmnmm it womhl[ dimmr
gmaniz.he tm ' fritImnd I f the nio tlln , imn
liom hdlu it-, mdlver.iarijs, nnd gm, tfr 1m
enianImie tim I !thm latter IL rmmomgmiitimmn
t ,nd-. " ' hii i i C, nm.l n imt I m -tllo w dc .
.'trarvat.': nl ;wo- nlt y',t Ilp,,l thl.
!-a:. I i,,,n a ntld er.. it v. lwlo h,. r,: b.-.1.,l
lhi- l.m- timimli I. a n m.m:" :U.dicm -
aimn mm l iliy 1n I . 1 's *r e n
".l :1.. .,inrr. t, :1 c.. . -i :ii,' 1 .; ' .t
t i ,, I t ,t , " " - a u i r
. r,/ to ,. - I t, r . I :,w 'i =: , "
'1' t! o, to -" :,. , L: *.,. . t't ha ! . . '
o. , ' ,,: ! , - .i ,.- T -
Ia : :. -" , 1 ,0 " :i. .: . \.: .
: '. :,,. ! , " ": . :: ". · -., .: . : ·\ " , :" ]
I mm-rem :io n mii-t -a m mj ci. I
lril.: I. r , . .. : , n- u I i m j I mnm. ,I i
i' e : ! . . n:i ,,. it ',, li , . :i , iimi -
,.. to r u.i' .. :. F o r l ,: < , 'i,,tr . 1,hi,,
r, ' t, ,', ', w a - i r', ,. t,, ., , h1', u l, i
,,m; :lm i - .. ... mit r.i! -, t. . ih,
(r,. l I.. nF1I . t -mim -mm-lllll iil
mm.mTii"ll. !, t,..
.1it i tl- m',' ml Ith~ ..I,.m iimii' t' I mI[ h Im.l , i i
twel usethe in; 1 un nw p11re tln
r.\l. , tii l -w; . - t c m i i, .l teini S o *ut 4 it.,hrii
t,. l,, - mml, t m,. i mi c .iit li- l hm .hl
t,,Xl,,di~wLin~ w.- ii,'.:lt,'d? 1I,'I t. ui
mllmrl-I' d i. i,', i I.d ti 'dm im .n ti, tc'mr
mmlmmtin i it ti. 'l'h t llllo l vt tlltto t.
rm-* -:mlit. tti"mm mmmi" i ifil- iIIt i -\ .li na
tli' l, li i, li m ,t i. iimi, t. l .,0 limlltI t it,,
tvltlimmt liii Imi mmm lm-.iiitin iat mp
iio t aletm i to ,i,, dii lm l.di tlh mci,,
ri, s d, th,.- m ,mllt r o ,," ou tl'olVi
timr, in tint i mil , :Lotm l.i:mil m i.ltl riei
1mituo ? 0Itlt, fu ihim i otii ir itin ti;i ,.
Siiltannek i o the l rii mt. Tmitoim niti
Iii, mm ods ly g v n nh ru o
th fr t '.im ii liiimmack a nmitro h m mI in
dotn it tIia ii d nth ii ll .l itin, the
Imn -tiilli. , F thi'r. ilil t-in-i t,.h ti,
tthn in lioli tor edim lih i imill
Imill V m-m i tl l mt m i itpiii"tliiim "
the ,fen hi- r taio' l ouim i Fio m 4 mt,
It gilFam i Tll m i wihiii iiV llh ,il timl the'
lim t? c a ii-t tii n u ii
m ima mi ii.mm .mij,.ii thin- .grmi im,, iiia ·; li|,
,rimimtaim 0~l t 'P-iiu ii m ito iio mul mml',- ili-mti
nylr~lrr" I'ii in ll tielltr I ~ll~ llttt' nr of.-h'
nmlrtmm- ri ll tlh t U tmiomt i f h.re rl 't l iye Inl
tntrriim-limtl- il'm-,mtilm cimih. trmimmtummg.. mi
Thr.t kib w thaimim mthm IS. exp,.me-s-ly
lioniied that tlh -iminI ti" hrmald mim
th fuew btah fmr t hutmmry t iiln h oi
the narrii it wa- all hicm eit tl c,, mtn
that octyas of time tmieml U tii i"iiJ*.mtii
toemrelv i , by mnt-eijaming omi m uImtthio.
sh-onhd pn',voke> mnre..
T hat knti w i h t thir gl ov,,rmmi- eti
t,.- irvil t n derptlm hd. rri on in th.
Itmi mt, o g a id tin) 'tUhem, hu till , 1mrly i
m itrtm ain vim ilmh, - onition, c an th tli u li
lrme.,t -lith Umnion frmmt actimv, and
imtme. , r. mm Imm olution, trustilig, at
her.inbtfori . sii tt. m d, to l imem, lisctls
sion anld tlh, hallot 1 .< tor final ad
jdustmlent; and tlwy a.-:athd and re-
muced tha tIrt rin..mi -prtinly tho oppo
aiteobj,.ct--to driv,, out "th, viibleh
authority of the fedehrlal 'unioin.nd to
firm.s it to im nid iie imi-m ltion.-t
That thimi wa their otject th0' extti
live well uadlerstood.
lHavin; said to them in thio innai
tzirnl addres,. "vu catn hlnve llo ton
flict withlout he|ing yoifrst.|ve, th,, ag
keep k th~i- <1 ,;. ... hta ion ' |l'od.l B lt alll
,, eu pth s<lli.rSa ha - |io worn,! gei-o h
nostop, hll,t,,ash ili thil,,. wor,'n~ i'. ld.
!the affair at For .Sumrter, with ita stIr
routdiirg circumstances, tJat poiut
was reacthed.
'I'he.. nal therchv fl: anranilanta cif
tl, govern.ment hegan, the cronlict of
Pilrt., witlout a gull il sight itr illn o
,o (tualncy to et 'rll the t,. i-e. I ave ,t
It th 'f'iv ill fie tirt, pint to "ihtt
hiarbor year., heltre for their own pr,
tection, and astill renady to vi,.ld that
jprtectitiin iln every thing that wan
lawful.
In this net, disc:ording all els.I.they
have. trced utpon the couttrv the di
rect issue-imnediate disilntion on"
blod. A.ul this i o ..." .'braces t'ore
,han the late of thea.e 7I nited Stalte ,
it plrese'it,' to ith whole tmnihly f,
iman thil questioni whethelr a (.ustitit
tional repuhlie or demotray-rv- gov
erllllltnnt iof ithe people by the same,
peotple-canU or cannot atintaint i,
tereitorial s',vereigntl-y a.gainst its ,iwnit
dlomestic fee-. It pretlts the qu.les
tion w+hether di,"contelted individh
ials, too fiew in numbers t, ctontrol ad
tnini.-tration, according to orean:ic
law int atlly ei.se, call atiway,-s tIponI
th. pretencels mtade inl thisca se. or ini
anyv m]iter prettenlo.w. or arbitrarily
without any ,rettein, break lup their
gwverller ntt ar th.us pr:wdn.at llv ptr
n11 tti ti. fre.l, gvi'Or-t'tt i )11 n 'itll.
It torrces uis to ai-k, is there in all
Rtpublit ti this intierent and fatal
we:iiakt,_-s f Mtst a I oe,,rtneta of
netes-it' ?' ti iii.r ,r thin . b,.ur
t ,.tt tit- i r it t people, o: t,, we:i k t.)
Imainta tit it on n 1Xi1 .t c .'," :4,. v.i.'w
in l t.1, iýtL te.n:, C' - i .+r , w^; i,,'1t ",it ti t
call out the- war p],wi, r ,of tw ( ;,-vern, -
mn"tt, and s~ to r.,i..t tirnt. , pla .,i
ifir it i d.iestrc ti, n ,i f,,rc ,- f lr ine- r
p t ie if the country was i-tilS
f, illy, Il.urpa ing ii itna iin lt
,:l.. Yert, t i th,' lf "lu- t: t tiiutill'-u
iall !d ,-: itve' -rat.-,. a-\t,., pt 1 t.Iwar,
.r u imit 1".u ntt . u i , h a t'. rul ] , t. +
1.:,'"- n, i.i, idu:t I, 1: ,r,...:t1,
..i-l il t tl : e i-lt' , t i-' t 1 i ti tt ill .ti
I , d" hll tl tt -i ita
t ilt It ,n -ui
te 1 .1 1 I
It"I tIi.t 'h '+ at: 'i: - t l, I-; t+',
S . ; ' "'. "Jtl t i l · . :. . . . . . t f". .:.t, . , ..
1h iI .ti. . t . I itl.. itit . thu t '. : .L "
\' I ;, :; 1 , luau ",,i"+ t ,t: , ,t ell . ,."
i . 1 t -ippr ~ te... i ." tl ia - li,
bIt , n. h - t - ; I,, ti i.iti- t,, i. ti - ,tt
t itith a lt i lt. liii u. at 1tnt uiit .i.
rit, iii "ae tiI , it il-itb . b tih.n .iut
i,_, t ti i r t t t-ll.-t
Stilliti i r ,ti, ' i t ,a , .. 1,t :i . h11i a i .,o ..
wieutn. tti .ly .pt ,akr , i - . it aw t lt.:"
vig; I,: t-i tt t n . i al t ',i. ,,:m t t i, tu:l, t- t
Si'-%tt tii uict i" , ! t "-'ue "ta,, ti --w llh,
.It' ,s nll ud vl' rate eta'.',t rill
en ut th )T " tutth ' ire '., -"- ,a
b| )thir" j . a nt! t" l '1.f th*: - I
,t .h , a m:hi- h ;. , d.- ti,;:hv
,vthll" h d .t:h wy ,} ard ' th , to
nian | its tt w1 t hin" ,t" tt, a " ..: alit"
but, to be it, itak en e it u. d it.-]n
!tic tine Ian..-Of the ' Iciciti ftt'n anid
'frcely pass =uppiliee frote auririg theta
tit thie insiiamirectiomists, which it could
ti-it dIo asi all opeIn ef'l.i"t'. At a
sitroke, it would take nil tin" trottrii
off' the hatndts of sii.esninn, excelpt on
ly what Ilruclels Irma the eixterniail
blo~kaitle.
It s, mildi un for I ii, I )itsiirrioti:.fs
ulhat which, of aill i iiigiL. thev ilo-t
elsie ---fied thema well andl iiv. tnIetii
I isimiolti ititlhnt a strttitprthi iii *lthit r
(1iti. It Ief~rrtiiiiitiUtit fiii littv it
if1uiit? · hrt av en' faiozi umi it larejli Vii
v'vy iljipriolo in etit'et.
1leeuriiiriiig to tll actioni ofi thi
'(;rs-eruulle'ltt it urns- he stated1'1 thant at
tir.ii a call wc:t% titidt tf it 75,t0i00i maili
tin, anid rapidily followinog this :t priie
laiiiatnin was issediei fir closimng the
pIrts of tIe ie aisurreeitimiary- listrlicts
Irv piroceeinig ini thi' mnt nr' of' a
lihickaih'. Sto far all wum" helivied
to Ihle .ri'itlV lregl.
At thins iiint tihe imitiirr.eti'.tiirt..
amirinonneir I t heir iprfino:- to i-iit,-r tip
tin tli prlreti i i of priva 'iiirri nt.
)tlher i-ail:,n-re ,,tatle fr Victiifl
it--' "r, to serve till~.lll---( 'lm.- 5,"an. ,,,les
.,.sier die~-hlai it~i-il andi ail.so fir, hIrr
ait'ons to ill. - t ert~lar rtnv and
illu.si · ti.-iLiin'". ,v iter strictly
dI'-r shat aptl- tiil to l." : po~ularb ct
un1011u ail 1atrllie Itic e,-irv. trut-u
lug, a-i iit'i, iliut f. tiiirni.- wiulid
ti"ainill ratify thu"t. It is L~ie.".
".i"- - :t ire : hII i .illn i Ii ' mil iti
it 11t --,"I,-i.1" r--r { a ruts- h, ant hor iz1
tit.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i " --t i-~iu _ .r i p o e
rI~h -- a.- i.,r.lil-. t.. iii- ,!t-- ·tIi; ii,. to
('n ii iic ·1. rh . riyil,^_r fit'.l t t!,." '.t Ii i
ar "",ta i (1-tit. wiLl~tll III Jtll-n: r.".,'t t
Scri·illl t' pine, - - Irnl t,,, u._ of law
, 1o , i- tlit .. , ,. i~ ". ý. ., .- a
It ,:t:! '.. tn..": :I:'illl t I ., ,t lcll ,j,,.t
,,,as- ,,-.: I iý ::tthlhv :!.. I I.. I
-i lliii
i1iirlil i sil p11* a', . ;ii t i, i, L - :1.
ii lpo - 'I )i -111(1·1( -it tt -ii
1' -.in" ,'l i n . 'i l--. ":11, . iit·.n t! r
I-ll . t -i " ii ~ :'on, "tii' I -i
;' i m It i i1 li Il , t.. uil t iitii
-t' " -. - u \ -i n : i~i t11 i' iI i- tiiil
th*.- :c.t :! ii~l iiti i I . .1i" ti,- -
:-it - ca ,,i- t I, -i- iiiir l--,i'ii.-- :lum-
":':ýii t 1'.',- i t 'iiý p : rii r "I.-i- ,li
in -1 'i ha.11 t itt-it iii-ti.- u a 1 thatilt
tre k- "tut h i :I t -jlta t o!,- fo-tilij- 1in it -
lull ' t.. I-'ft:i kthewiiit I ii n. l
I titt sln iui . t it~inv 1 t i thu- ."\Ari
-:ýutr t-L~Lit~i- fluti titi-ti w dcli
vf i,. v ]:e:n.-itiiu . and iii.- t:m itt
till Wike l tas'tht" tIt I'ttat :ibi faihitl
1.,ux 11iitie l, ..IIill. I Iut tli u ." tjiam '
airip-ieia strfiking liii ieuttr'r --us--. at"-
ten uon. ll~aiii tli ar
ti -nit it: ms-t ::" 1:o- t
lir knw u icithttta rllit init.
alloweci to finally fail of execution,
even had it been plerfectly clear that
.1v the use of tihe means necessary to,
their execution some single law, made
ill such elxtreme tenderness of tthe
citizenl's libert v that practically it re
lieves more of the guilty than of the
imoi'Ot, hduttld, to a very tiptnied
e:'itent, be violated To' state the
question more directly. itrc tl the
laws tint otlne to go unexecuted, and
"the I;overtntntnt itself go to pieces
last that ,one be vialated I
Evenl ill suttcl a case would not the
,,flicial oath be broken if the (overn
ruent should be overthrown, :.When
It was believed that disreg ardiog t'te
sEugle law woltd f.ui to preserve it?
lilt it was not believed that this
question was presented. It wos not
belie vedl tthat nti." law was violated.
Thee proviiton of the eConsgtitti on
.that the privilegeof the writofhabeas
corputs -httll not he suspended unlss
wh)mn in c;:.l'e dk' rebellion or iuva
sion, the public safety may requtirre,
,a equivtC ent to a prOVisiOU-si a
provisione-that esuch privilege may
he sutspended when, in caset of re
bellion or invasion, the public safety
d 0e rt'l'teir" it
it was decidld that we have a case
of rebellion, :and that the public e.ate
tv does requitre the quallitiedt suspen
S'itn of the writ which wa.s u.tithori
i:ed to i.: trmade,. Now, it is insisted
faeit 1 'on,.e"r,.ee. amId not tIe LEx:euttive
I.- v.sted withlt thi- pjstwer.
lhut the" ( on.titution it.elf is eh-nt
:; to which eor who is 1to exerfit-C th.
powe..r t ila nas tihe provi.iolln :tL,
[,l:,itIy ,,mae leer it dainteroues enter
;e.ne'v, it cantte: he bielieved thie
fr:,tierst olf tile. ite.trtutent inttended
ilut in e.,ve'r ase da.i liiger ..htoud rtune
it , seti--e " rtil ( .ong , n 's lhor'.tl he
aldI ,t,.,,tl,,the, h very av e embtlini
et w hi,.h eti th hayve ie, . n eve',tnted,
a- v, .- itt. I.t e1 e i ln th 1. - te y the.
reh.liiet. No toe,. .extetndeld argl
n, n:e i- n,,w te ,,-'reds aI t .lfi ( nit e ofe
_,:,r I.,;lh will lr,,lbab ;." -l pre-=.u
,., !, 1 ,a I .. .\ t .,tt .y (;,n,.ernl. W iwetht
, :tI i i.it e any h, oittiton t .t
. ,. -,,l.i. .. c: , 4 tn if no, what, is
.i..it ! , :irely t,l the. Letter jttdg
S a i , n , ,xtranrtlinarv laid
Cine d1 t.. lhead oeeet c
:,u,.i ; ,r n , ..: - t, ha,"p, their acti,,n
:- it ", :, ...... I tlhe iarlr des
'"') t . l, ' 'I : . N 01:t1 a ll iiot was
' , . , ', , l- ,,, rx av,. the
-r: !" is halppy
ee. . erere ltt and the
', t' : ,. I -nit, , State, are now
, i ti,, ,a il -tt-.y r e rc.ted b ,
:, - .m er-. Hilt a -.n-i,.- y-u,
'1,::,5 w :h th .e l.tuntr, te t,::ni!,i td
the, e et, . tee t wr l t.t
Tl'i-,f .. t,:: , t" h .,. irteantiee of
I' " t'e:, -r :tel ,it Nav- "vit
- i; ! ta, ! i!.';I -- int'",rn a'in ' de,"mt
"1 th ,'.-- " "ani " ' au neI" T fni "V "
,, : :tcr:i,,." lhibi l te e x
*,'t- .;" a nti :all ill, ,lepartnll nf:. w ill
,ew fte, e ,,nl-idered
:., .: t t. , : , kn..w .
It i- nt,w ree.,,tmiennt.i tha . ,,tte
-i " rie tieeilts t"it" mtnakig this ,n
t, -t .a shui t iand , ,.,d.i.,te. ,et : that
',t l pl, . h, , , he i l,. -
ltl, , , t .el ihe ;work t le ast 1 1101,et1
, l i . n c t ittlo etllttntl. T"l'tat eta'h n
I" eer " t' e Cn i- ab uit oeito-tenth of thittet
nl. ,i . t ,lpee r ,ea g e, itt the e tii -r i te =
her,. a,1p ttrently all ,are w illing to
,ttnl .-.i ,: ;,nd teite sette is lte. -s thal t on e'
,tenty-third part "of tilhte lee et.v ownl
,i eh'." m ,n ho .eet ' , illi to
t, th. e ehole, . 5
A ,1Ib t ,f =it, httti eld milliotns is
a i'-- ls t pter healld ie,, thaite wia
th,* hlet et, otr r.evolution wheti w,"
,:st ue it eof tl t si'et it.gle: tteld the
II-,, ties' ;atle ili the couttte ry Ietnw
ehe.r e i g,.i tre It'er I-lep rtitn than
les tihe, poptulation Sutrel ea t'h
:at ilta i a' -trong a mte'tieve come- to
es't'.rve tur lilertile as each ihad the i
t,. estatlllish thett.
-\ rihit re.-it,. at this timle, will be
w'te 't uteetre :e the world than twelve
'ee c' the men :stn twelve tithes the
ineTeV. The," evi,lence reachine its
thetee th.e c inltrv leaves no due ttt
that th mate-rial ler thte work i., ver
aiunldtlt and e ih i it t -it eeds only li
h ntd of e. t i-latein ie give it l,_tal
-:l el:illni. a i tilt. ha ld ..' lthe exectt -
ti ,r t,, gi it ,ir.ticiý,al Shape attd ef
ticinCey. (i ie of, the gre'atest per
tritei. ,,f t' hie gvert'nel enlt is to it etid
re'i eittg iro ls lp t .ter titnli it ,tant
t re',ide ter tte.*it Iln a word, the
F.l, ill ',\ th, ir g,vee,' eittev . it ie
eit e', itietnlent it-.slf will ldo its part
tnl' itllil',r.eet iv wall. It mni ht, at
fh'. ttlh-ttieheht. c-" i eti tee ennuke lititl dit
t] eettte 'l ',t litlteth fit0e etntr(e"tit' Ice the
M eitle Ce ,.l, d t e.e. ,-s lie tr rehelti
li,,u. "e"te e, 'ov C lei,, i, ver, well unt
tl r .t , ,,e l t h e . el i e t t .r e .n ce . . A t t i tt e h ,e ,
:in Cili, vh,. well unheerstt,-| that
tihv teeenhl ete',e'r teraise their tcei-le
,ta,, ite lplvinee a vielanhtitnt elt b, .',.
lThee' knetw their l"e"eh.ii teteeetscsed tec
iuct ii t1 mtrilti seitnse.ntled ees mnechi else
veitnete htee w ,ls nd ordcrhre ltend ies eieeie'hI
prieh in ait d tivt t ee',.icnce for te. hi-tt,.
sethter .cieilte.et, antd ]atrlctt i," It,,leII'"
lee -iej e- c- r ti e " S * .- te l e f-,
accordingly they conumencee by at
insidious debauching of the public
mind. T ey invented an inguniyOh
solihismn, which, if conceded,was fol
lowed by perfectly lhgical steps t<
the complete destruction of the Un
ion. The sophiataitself is, that am.
.State may consistently with.the na
tional consfifttiotn, tpeaefully and
-a'&full'a.Yvithldri!w 'from the Union,
without tle cotiaent df the UnLiOn 0o
of any State. !.. t ,..
The little dis~ tse that the ,u,
posed right is to be exercised only
for just cause, themselves to be the
iilo judge dof.its iuice,t'i tb shis
to merit any notice. With rebellioc
thus sugar-coated, they have bee
drugging the public mind of thaie
·.c'tion for more than thirty ."-Peri,
and until at length they have brought
many good ment to a willingness to
~ake up arms against tlie'(; verement
the day after some assemait age df me~
have ene:ted the farcical pretence of
tiqking their State out of thm Union,
whh 'ctitd '"iave been brolught Lb na
such thing the day before.
lThiis sophimn derives nmuch, ,per
hal the whlole of its eal'renyv, from
't-e D''ption that tiere si ome
tmnuiputelt and Sacred aupremaey
to a State, to each State of .our. '
eral Cuion. ()Our States have neitI
er more nor less .ptOwe thana damt re
serveid.to them in the Union by the
t'.u-tit'ution, no one of them ever
h:aviug been I State out of the Union.
The origidll ounes ,passed into . the
I "ido even 'before, theyv eastoR thair
1-rhitih I 'uolonial dependence, and the
n,.w one.s ,ac:ih etatm into the Union
directly front a conditiont of degen
dnce,, excepling Texas; and. even
l',t:ns in its ti.inporarv imtdependence
w:r: nc'ier le I-dguated as a State. The
new iones only took the diesignatmtion
of Staite oin eniung into thie Ilinrt,
while that ltite was tirst adopted for
the old ones in and by the Peclara
rinth of hutkhfr'.itkeneo.
i'hrerin tile limited United (olo
nies were,.' declarecd to be freo and in
d,-pe.nn.lt States, but even then ihe
rloj,.et pllainly was not to declare their
independence of one anothelr, or ot
the iUnion, but directly the contrar.y,
1.- their imutual pledg'e and their mu
tual retiion before, at the time, and
anlterwardt, abundantlv show. The
express plighting of faith by (acll
and all it' the original thirt'xeii in the
aritclhes of couti1d eration, two -ears
later, that the Union shall bhe prpet
nltt:, is monst conclusive.
Hal:ving n,.v.r ibeen States either in
nlst:ll me.le or ill sl'lna oulltnide of thelt
Union, whnll.,', this magical omnipo
te:lce of S'tae lights, asserting a
•lia:; or prower lawfullv to destroy
:ll `pion its-tlf! 3miwh is said about
tl s\overt.eignty of the itates, but
iltl word, even, is not int t Ie National
t 7',ntitutlion. nor, as is ltelie-'ed. in
ntlv (" th, Statetr '"nst.itt:iiotlls: What
is a; svereignty in a political stnse
of th. tenlit ! Would it be tfar wrong
to delin,: it ""a political co,lmnunity
with t: p litical supelrior?" T''ested bhy
ilhi.-, nl on4,e f otur States except
ITex;is ever was a tsovereignty; and
• eni Texas. gave ulp tihe character on
co-llihg" iito thei U nion, by which act
.-I :ickntwl edged. the Constitution of
rhe I nited Statl:s, and the laws and
t'eati,,, ,t' tile Uniteld tatee, made
in ltl r.-ttaLe ut the UCisnatittltitoi. to
,,.t for her theit stupretne law of the
Thie S;tates hlave their stat it in the
Union, and the,v have nito othelr legal
statuet. If they break trim this, they
canl only do S, against laeir. and by
.v,,lutin,. Tie Union, and not
th.msel'es separat,.ly, procured their
indlependence and tkeir liberty; by
coniurltSt or purchase the Union gave
each .t' thelm wlLatev,.r of indtepen
d,ine andl !iterty it htas.
'Th'le I'iou is older than any of
th5- States,and in fact it created themin
n, States. Originally some depend
ent colonic:e made the Union, and in
turn, the Uniyn threw. off their old
ldepend.ence for tlinet, and made them
States, such tle' are.. Not otge of
them ever had a State cunstitution
independent of tile LUnion.
()f colrse it is not f,rgutten that
all thei new States trameilld their Con
stiutttions ali'fere theyt. n:ltered the
Union, nevertheless tdepen .-it ;isos
aind preparatiory to. co!iiitn into the
itnque-tiutially the Staties have
lite pow,-ers and rights reserved to
themn ill ind by the nalional r.on~stitt
titti; but aitl lig these sttrely are rcnot
included all c,,onceivahle powers,how
et:e"r nllialiarist or destrnttivye; but
at ttý,t suth onlv-ans l.twreL known as
rtvt- -intentlal poweri-, and certainl
: picictr i tle-istr',tv" tilt, t <-lw trnttmetit
it-elf hal lt'ever bLccll knlow as gov
etm.tnteltal-Ns. a mnlIrelv adtltiitistra
S,. ,wer. ' Ihe relalti\'c maitt r of
n;l'lleail' I ;l 'llll il'l l i \vrIiil hi l hllt'eV
x.,lu.sivt1ly io the tll. This i
it.1 11(1··i~h ,lh, clillt (,N~ :iPhn lI ',l' Utii -
wwwpi boned,. sp it.
natioan a-s ,to m
plied to tme hbnent.of t ee
aeeSdig 8~tea euin ra
rest,. hit jast, cht
shall go npaid, or :e
Sitates pay iet eidl tA
Pto (so oTerisel
ili eded,,nolt. , l
creditprs? Did ·.we
htis sage view pf oars w asý p
rowed their. moneyt.
If te atoigeose 4ti 5icuiipb7
allowiag the secedesIWe te ¢ ¢ .
it is.dithcalt to see whet w:re
if others chose .to go, a. oe so et
tenes upon irhicb they ,wi~ reSmet
to, e naln. ... ..... .
l¶he seceders insists that 'W-ir _i
stitution adlmits of secession...
have assaunid 'to make a
Constitutionn of ftheir own, i:
necessity they lhe-eslah
Sr retained the rightdf s-a,
they insist it exists in eass:
have discarded it, they .:
emit that on principle it ought a.qio
be in outs.
If they.ltave retained it by
own coart 5ction of ous, lhy
that to 'ie consistent, they ..g i
atcde from one anQtlwherli-wen 4
shall find it paslie55teptW
tling their ts, or efiedting amy
-other selfish or unj'ft o .bjct.
.The rineialp itself 'i one ota-dise
integrmton, and on'e upon wtkillslde
governmerit -an pomiblyn edure.
".. aare all bounb
'.ithout quest is
hatted is, the that saessies
is consistent .: "lhe.Coustitatit-.
is lawfnl and peaefi4-t fi .'
It is noteontended thatht." re.ia a.e
expressiv fop- it; .ad uothltaug. dl
ever implied by. law which leads to
tujust or absurd counequnes., ,..
lthe .nation purchasetd it~h o
.te con'ttries out of:wli sevoake
these States werrVg tzmeJ. --ft .jast
that they shal go off without leave
and without reFpndigL?- rT~hi
said ' ery atrge sums, in the aggr e
I beieire nearly oae .hiec zta idt
to relieve Florida from the aboriginal
tribes. " '; t
Nor do I say this not true also li
the army of our late Irioads, sow'aa
vefrsories, in this contest. But .ifIt
is, so muclch better the reason ' th'
Uovernmept which. .,hqgl
esuch bemisfits boiibodt them and uas
should not be broken up. .Wboever,
in any section, proposes to albanet
snuch a Government -would do weRltto"
consider Mi t'deference to what princi-;.
ple it ;s that heo does it; what better
ie l laktlv to get in its stead
whether thle ilbstititto will give, or
be intended to give. eto iluci- of diil
to the people. 'here are some bore
shadowigs on this subject. Our ad
versaries he adopted sonesdeclaras
tions oftindependoncein whieh, unllket
the good old one penned by Jeffi renu
theyv omit the words: "All menares
crested equal." Why? They- l'-.
adopted a temnporary Natiotpl 4iisti
tution, in the preAinble 'o' w'hi;, i -
like our good old one signed by Wash
ington, they omit: We; tie people"
and substitute, 'We, the deputies of
the Sovereign and independ ent atatep..
Why ? Whyv this delibfsate pressing
out of view the rights of ineii and the
authority of thh jreople!
This is essentially a people's con
test. On the side of the Ution it ias
struggle formaintaining in the world
that ftrm and substance of govet -
meat; 'hose leading object is to ale-
vate the conidition of men, te.lft arti-
ticial weights from all shoealers. tq
clear the paths of laudable pursuite
for all; to aiffrd all an utnfettered auste
an-d a fair -eLanc.e in bhe race-of li4e.
Yeildiug to partial and temporary de
partures, necessity, this is the leading
object of tile (overnmaent for whose
existence we contend. I -am most'
happy to believe that the plain people
appreciate this. .
it is worthy of note that, while in'
thii, the Goverimnient's hour of triili
large numbers of those in the army and
navy, who have beenfavoitf l wiihthe
ofliYies, have resigned. indl prlived
false to the hand which had pamper.
rel tllemn, not one common soldier or
common sailor have deserted his tag.
U;reat.honor is ilue to those'olsicere
wvho remained irue despite the exath
ple of their traitorous associates," But
the greatest honor and the most im
portant tact of all is the urnninmous
tirlnness of the commo soldiers iad'
sailors. T''o the laEt man, so far as
knouwuktleyv have saeicesefully resisted
lhe traitorous effhts ef' whlose com
mnds but an ho'rb hforethev obeved
is absolut law. T''hlis is tlei patriic
ilstinct , .e plain people. They
uinderstamld, without amn argument, that.
destroyiug that Government whiei
vtas nmade by Washington means no
t-':s to thenm.
Our popular (;Government hnas often'
beenu called mn experiment. 'l'Two
mrims iu t our peoplle lttled--tle
-,. ,.- ..1r e':lhli.hi;ng ' n dtl thie ret'
"I etI'.m mci l
