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Ashtabula telegraph. (Ashtabula, Ohio) 1874-1880, June 06, 1874, Image 1

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TELEGRAPH.
aj II li h rtr
Independent in all tilings.
JAJB. REED & SON", Publishers.
82 in Advance.
ASHTABULA, OHIO, SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 1874.
Wliole Number 1274.
Vol: XXV, No. 23.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
One Inch in epaoe makes Square.
1 sq. xq SQ ifcol Scol J4C0I 1 col.
t Week.. tl.UJ 1 W t .t ja.Ou J4.00 ttt.ilO '. out
t weens. 1.60
weeks . i-tfJ
1 month . 9.50
X.Wj 9111 O.UO t.UU 1X.UU
S ill .O0 50u e.Uu 80 1400
S.00 6 (); W 7.00 8.U0
S tnontas .oo.
4.00 7.0I 9 00:1 0U'15.niJ M.0
.ui .00!1 00 I5 00;O.UO, l.00
S mootas 4.00'
6 months 6. ml
9 U0I1 .ll 18 00 Si Ull & 001 0.""
9 months 6-uri li.oii 16 ou,4.00i:ijO0145.O' K5
1 year ... lO.Ool 15.00 a.00.uu! 40 UU5S.OO 100H
Local Notice. 10 cent per line.
Transient Alrecisment to be paid for fBi&rift-
Vesrlj advertisers will he chargvd extra for Di-
oiauoo ana oioer Police, not aiuuiww
their regular bo nine.
AdmiDistrtttora1 and KxeCTtow' riot-re coarged
$2. All other Legal AdvertiMmenta ctianrtxi V
cents per qaire each insertion.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
MEIiOUANTS.
A. II- K. W. SAVAGE dealer In choice
Family Groceries and rrovision. also, pure Con
fectionery, aud the finest brands of Tobacco and
Cigars. 161
S B. WELLS, Produce and Commission Mer
chant, for tbe purchase and sale of W estern Re-
erve Butter..Cbeese and Dried Fruits.
j4id street. AshUbula, Ubio.
1!4
CAKLISa.KdcTKl.Elt. Dealereiu Fancy and
btaple uryisooda,Familv Groceries, and croca-
err. South Store, Clarendon Block, Ashtabula,
Ohio. !(B5
E. U. GILKEY. Dealer In Drv Goods. Grocer
ies, Crockerr -and Glass-Ware, next door north
of risk House, Msinst. Asbubula, Ohio. 1013
J. M. FAVLKHER 6c SOW. Dealer tn
Groceries, Provisions. Floor, Feed, Foreign and
Domestic Fruits, Salt, Fish, Plaster. Water-
Lime, Seeds Ac Mie street, Asbtabnla, Ohio,
W. REDHEAD. Dealer In F!onr.Po-k- Hams,
Lard, and all kinds of Fish. Also, all kinds of
Familv Groceries. Fruits and Confectionery.
Ale and Domestic Wines. 161
J. P. ROBEBTSON SON, Dealers in
every description of Boots, Shoes. Hats and Gaps.
Also, on hand a stock of choree Family Grocer
ies. Main street- corner of Centre. Ashtabula,
Ohio. 669
D. W. HttKELL, Corner Sprint and Main
ts. Ashtabula. Ohio, Dealer in Dry-Goods,
Groceries Crockery, Ac. 1095
ROBBISON 9HEDEKOB, Dealers in
Dry Goods. Groceries, boots and Shoes. Hats.
Caps, Hardware, Crockery. Books. Paint. Oils
4c. 1451 Ashiabala O.
DRUGGISTS.
MARTIN KEWBERBI, Dru?ist and
Apothecary, and general dealer m Drugs, Medi
cines. Wines and Lienors fa medical purpose.
Fancy and Toilet Goods, Maine street, corner of
oentre. AsnuDuia.
OH1KLE8 E, SWIFT, Ashtabula, Ohio.
Dealer in Drugs and Medicines, Groceries, Per-
ramery ana Fancy Articles, superior Teas, cor
fee. Spices, Flavoring Extracts. Patent Medi
cines of every description. Paints, Dyes, Var
nishes, Brashes, Fancy boaps. Hair Restoratives,
Hair Oils, Ac all of which will be sold at the
lowest prices. Prescriptions prepared with
snitabie care. s 1095
CEVBGB WILLAHD. Dealer In Dry
Goods, Groceries, Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Cro
ckery, GlassWare. Also, wholesale and retail
dealer in Hard ware, Saddiery Nails, Iron, Steel,
uraji, aecicines, t-atnta. uus. iijestulls. Ax
Main st. AsbMbuU. 1095
HOTELS.
ASHTlBl'Ll HOTSli, R. C. Warmineton,
Prop. This House has jam been thoroughly ren
ovated and refurnished. Livery and Omnibus
. line connected with tbe Bouse. 12ol
AMEttliS HOUSE, T. N. Booth Propri
etor. soath side of the i.. 8. A M. 8. station
This House has re ently been refitted and im
proved, and offers p!eanat.t, aub tantial and con
venient accommodations to Dersons etoDnici?
over night, or for a meal, or for those from the
interior, wishing stable accommodation for
teams. The House is orderly, with Dromnt at
tention to gnests, and good table and lodg-
F1!K HOUSE, Ashtabnla, Ohio, A. Field,
Proprietor. An Omnibus running to and from
every train of cirs. Also, a good livery- table
. kept in connection with this honse, to convey
passengers to any point. 1-ibl
DENTISTS.
JT K, HALL, DenUst, Ashtabnla, O.
iiinJOuice Center street, between Main and
rk. : low
C-G. Wi KELSON, Dentist, Ashtabula,
VitffJ., visits Conneant, Wednesday and
Tnm sday of each week. no
W.T. WALLACE, D. D. 8. AshUbula, O.is
prepared to attend to all operations in hie pro
. tension. He makes a speciality of "Oral Sur
gery" and saving tbe natural teeth. Office
and residence on Elm St., former residence of
1 Maj. Hubbard. 1451
-JEWELERS.
GEO. W
of all kin
DICKINSON. Jeweler. RoniHn.
of all kinds of W nieces. Clocks and Jewelrv
Store in Ashtabnla House Block, Ashtabnla, 0,
FAiriES K. STEBBINS, Dealer in Watch
es, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware.
e. Repairing of all kinds done well, and all
order promptly attended to. Main Street.Asb
tabula Ohio. U&j
1. 8. ABBOTT. Dealer In Clocks, Watches
Jewelry, etc Engraving, Mending and Re
pairing done to order. Shop oa Main street,
Conneant, Ohio. say
CABINET WARE-
john DUCao, Manufacturer of, and
Dealer InFurniture of the best descriptions, and
every variety. Also General Undertaker, an d
Manufacturer of Coffins to order. Main street
North ot South Public Square, Ashtabula. '
491
J. S. BEACH, Manufacturer and Dca'erl n
FiratCUs Furnurue. Also, General Underta
ker; ' - 1133
FOUNDRIES.
TINKER, 6c 8PERRT Manufacturers of
Stoves, Plow and columns. Window Caps and
bill. Mill Castings, Kettles, Sinks, bleigh
Shoes, Ac. Phcenix Foundry, Ashtabula, O. loal
ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS.
W. H. HCBBARD, Attorney and Counsel
or at Law office over Newberrj Drag Store,
Ashtabula, Ohio will practice in all the courts
of the State. Collecting and Conveyancing
made specialty.
HERMAN 6c HALL, Attorneys and Coun
selors at Law, AshUbula, O., will practice in
- the Const of Aihtabala, Lake and Geauga.
Labak B. Bitxaaxa. Taxonoax hIIl.
, 104a
EDWABB H. FITCH, Attorney and Conn
ellorat Law, Notary Public, AshUbula Ohio
Special attention given to the Settlement of Es
tate, and to Conveyancing and Collecting. Al
o to all matter arising under the Bankrupt
L"- " 1043
I. O. FISHEB, Justice of the fWa and
Agent for the Hartford, Sun, A Franklin Fire
Insurance Companies. Office over J. P. Rob
eruon' Store. Main St. Ashtabula, O. Ill
CHABLKs' BOOTH,' Attorney and Coun
sellor at Law. AshUbula, Ohio. ly&s
HARDWARE, &c.
CROSBY WETHER WAX, dealers In
Stoves, Tin-Ware, Hollow-Ware, Shelf Hard
ware, Glass-Ware, Lamp and Lamp-Trimmings,
Petroleum, Ac, opposite the Flsk House,
Ashtabula. gyf
Also, a full stock of Paint, oil. Varnishes,
Brnshe, Ac. I25j
GEOBGE C. HUBBARD, Dealer 16 Hard.
. war. Iron, Steel and Nails, Stove, Tin Plate,
Sheet Iron, Copper and Zinc, and manufac
turer of Tin Sheet Iron and Copper Ware,
Fisk't Block Ashubala. Ohio. 1095
PHYSICIANS.
H. H. BABTLETr, M. D. Homeopathic
1 Physician and Suiyeon. (successor to Dr.
" Moore.) office Na 1 Main street. Residence in
Bhepard' building, first door south of office.
1SI54
DB..O. 8 1TIAR TIN. Homoepathic Physician
and Surgeon, respectfully asks a share of the
patronage of AshUbula and vicinity. Office
and residence in Smith' new block. Centre
6reet. ism
OR. E. L. KING
ce over Hendry 4
m- i u'Bn L.a uu our-reon.
.....(. 1 - . .1
aear St.Peter's Church. Ashtabula.. O
BANKS.
ASHTABULA NATIONAL BANK,
ABbUbn'a, Ohio. H. Fassitt. Pres't. J.
So. Bi.TTB.Ctshier. Antborized Capital, $300,
000. Cash Capiul paid In $100,000. H . Fassett,
J. B. Ceosst, C. B. Bruce, H J. Nittutok,
B. Nbllis, Wit. Hdmphbet, K. O. WiBHta,
M. G. Ciok, P. F. Goon, Directors. 1HA
MANUFACTURERS.
Q. C. CC1LEY, iranuraetnrer of Lath,
Siding, Mouldings, Cheese Boxes, Ac. Planing,
Matching, and Scrawl Sawing done on the
honest notice. Shop on Main street, oppo
lt thegpper Park. AshUbula. Ohio. 440
VBENCH WtlBLEI K rmfaetcrer
Dealersin all kind" of Leather In demand in this
I opposite t-nasuix Foundery. Ashubu-
iite
l A BEEYEII, Dealer In Granlteand
i, J? MonnmenU. Grave Stone, TsbleU. Man
tels Grates, Ac Building tone. Flagging and
Curbing eat to order. Yard on CeuVt street
MILLINERY, ETC.
nBS. K. C. KiCKABO, Millinery Dressmaking.-
A choice lot of Millinery goods and
tbe latest styles of Ladies and Children's Pat
terns. Shop and salesroom over Manu A Noyee'
store, .Center street. Aluanla. Ohio. Iyl2:
HARNESS MAKER.
P. C. FOKD, Manufacturer and Dealer in Sad
dle. Harness. Bridies. Collars. Trunk. Wuips,
Ac., opposite Fik Hoe, Abiab:na, Ohio. Hut
MISCELLANEOUS.
197 BUILDING LOTH FOB SALE!
Dealer in Water Lime, stucco, tnri Plwter.
Heal Estate and Loan A irent Ashtsbala Depot.
1S0.
WI
LLIAM III MrliKti .
EDGAR 4 ALL, Fire and Lire Insurance and
KealBfUte Atent. Also. Notary Public andCon-
vevancer
Otflce over Sbennan and uaii Law
Office, AshUbula, Ohio.
1149
GRAND BIVEB INSTITUTE. flt Austin
viiurth Ashtabula Co., Ohio. J. Tnck-rman. A.
M., Principal. Winter Term begins Tuesday,
Dec. 2d. Send for Catalogue. 114-ltf
J. E. W ITHOl'S, Painter, Glazier, and
Paper Uantrer. All work ilone with neatness
and despatch. 1-HiO
J. sum. BLYTH, Agent for tbe Liverpool.
London uiobe Insurance Co. casnassets over
f-Jii.OUO.OOOGoH. In the V. S. 3.6U0.ou0. Stock
holders also personally liable. 118
BLAKESLEE 6c KIOOBE, Photograpberl
.nri rfHAlMr in fiernr... KniTaviniTS. tniumwe,
&c. having a large supply of Mouldings of vari
ous descriptious.is prepared to frame anything
in the pictilre line, at shortnotice and intlie
best stvle. Second door of the Hall store. Snd
door Sontb of Bank Ma tin street.
LUMBER YARDS.
WALTON Sc TALBEBT, inanufactnr rs
01 ana dwicti ii mit Kiima uiu.. u-. m . ,
Lath, and Shingles; aiso, mouldings of allbde-
scnptlons. la-'iei
SEWING MACHINE AGENTS.
B. J. bLOOJtIIS, Dealer in the Sineer Sewing
macnioe, jieeu.es, uue), itc, aitso. at men
rnente for all machines, over Newberry'
Drue Store. Ashtabula, O. 12X)tf.
JOB PRINTERS.
J AlflES REED & SON, Plain and Ornament
al Job Printers, and general Stationers, bpeci-
mens of Printing and prices for tbe same sent
on application. Office corner Main and Spring
streets, Asbtabnla. u.
NOTARY PUBLICS, ETC.
JOHN H. SHERMAN, Notary Public and
Attorney and Counselor at Law. Office in Has
kell's Biock. Main St., Ashtabula, O. 13110
CLOTHIERS.
ED W A BUG. PIERCE Dealers in Clothing.
Hats Caps, and Gents Furnishing Goods, Ashta-
onia,onio. 1201
WAITE 6c SILL, Wholesale and Re
tail Dealers in Ready Made Clothing. Furnish
ing floods Hats. Caps. c. Ashtabnla 1851
PAINTERS.
W!H. ROSS, Honse, Sign and Carriage paint
ing graining and paper hanging Shop on Cen
tre street, near i. P. Robertson's store. All
work warranted. Ordets left with Robertson
or Newberry will meet prompt attention. 1268
BRITISH SOVEREIGNS.
"We publish the following as a
smooth set of rhymes, by which anv
one possessing an ordinary memory
may fix in mind the order of succes
sion of the various Sovereigns of
England:
First William the Norman;
Then William; his son
Henry, Stephen and Heury;
Then Richard and John.
Nest Henry the third;
Edwards, one two and three;
And again after Richard,
Three Henrys we see,
Two Edwards, three Richards,
If rightly I guess;
Tw o Henry's sixth Edward,
Queen Mary, Queen Bess,
Then Jamie, the Scotchman.
Then Charles, whom they slew,
Yet received after Cromwell,
Another Charles too;
Next James the second
Ascended the throne,
Then good William and Mary
Together came on,
Till Anna, Georges four,
And fourth William all past,
God sent us Victoria,
May she long be the last!
.
A One Pound Baby. Most of us
straggle into the world weighing
anywhere from six to twelve pounds,
and straggle out agaio, after a time,
weighing from one hundred to twice
that number of pounds. Having
done nothing wonderful during the
fattening period we are permitted to
glide into the oblivion of the tomb
unnoticed, just as we were allowed
to loaf into the activity of the world
unheralded. If, however, nature had
arranged with Mrs. Oliver, of Du
buque, to introduce some of us into
this, vale of tears, we would have
achieved the notoriety, of at least, a
newspaper paragraph. The thrifty
youngster which she did help into
distinction weighed just one pound
and a half, is seven inches long, and
eats any number of meals a day. It
is mentioned as evidence of the little
ness of the young Oliver, that an or
dinary finger r'ms will pass over the
babe's hand, and might serve as a
bracelet.
by
be
in
a
Thk Door Test. During the last
ten years, in the winter, according
to our record, we have noticed the
manner in which one thousand per
sons who have called for work have
opened, shut or not shut our store
door; this, you may say, is a futile
and useless undertaking, but we en
tertain a very different opinion.
What are the facts aud deductions?
1. Out of 1,000 persons recorded,
835 opened the door and shut it care
fully when they came iu and when
they went out.
2. 226 opened it in a hurry, and
made an attempt to shut it, but did
not, and merely rmlled it to when
they went out.
3. 303 did not attempt to shut it
at all either on coming in or going
out.
4. 96 left it open when they came
in, but, when reminded of the fact,
made ample apology, and shut it
when they went out. -
5. 20 came in with "How do you
do?" or "Good evening, sir" and
these weut through the operation of
wiping their feet on the mat, but did
not shut the door when they went
out.
Remarks. We have employed
men out of all the above classes,
and during that time have had an op
portunity of judging of their mer
its, etc.
The first class, of 335, were those
who knew their trade and com
menced and finished their trade in a
methodical manner; were quiet, had
little to say during hours, and were
well approved by those for whom
they did their work. They were
punctual to time, aud left nothing
undone which they were ordered to
do. ' They did not complain at tri
fles, and in all respects they were re
liable men and were kind and obli
ging in their general conduct.
1 Christian Union.
or
let
ly
all
of
the
Correspondence of the Chicago Tribune.
ROME.
DESOLATE CAMPAGNA, AND ITS
DEADLY MALARIA—PLAIN RESEMBLING
THE ROLLING PRAIRIE OF IOWA
AND KANSAS—ITS GEOLOGICAL FORMATION
—EVIDENCES OF A STRUGGLE BETWEEN
THE FORCES OF FIRE AND WATER
—THE LAND MAINLY DEVOTED TO
PASTURAGE—SOME WHEAT GROWN AT
THE PERIL OF HUMAN LIFE—NO SATISFACTORY
EXPLANATIONS AS YET GIVEN
EXPLANATIONS AS YET GIVEN OF THE CAUSES OF THE INSALUBRITY
—HOPES ENTERTAINED OF DISINFECTING
THE CAMPAGNA BY PLANTING
FORESTS OF THE EUCALYPTUS TREE.
Rome can onlv be approached by
passing through the great plain
known over the world as
THE CAMPAGNA,
and whose reputation is chiefly de
rived from the deadly malaria which
in summer overspreads it and
renders it uninhabitable by the hu
man race. I had formed an opinion,
lie! ore seeing it, that it was a low
flat prairie marshy and wet in greater
part, ana that its lata! insalubrity
arose from the decaying of rank ve
getation and the prutridity of stag
nant water under the action of a fer
vid Italian sun. I had probably con
founded it in some way with the
poisonous Pontine Marshes.
since I have traversed the Marshes
and crossed the Campagana insev
eral directions, the erroneous im-
pressiou has been corrected. The
Pontine Marshes lie a considerable
distance beyond the Campagna to
the southeast, and are 011 the right
hand of the traveler going to Na
pies, some distance from the rail
road-track, and situated towards the
seashore, as the Calumet Marshes are
towards Lake Michigan. The Cam-
pagna is no more like a marsh, or
low wet, plain, than are Cook, Lake,
l)n 1 age, and Kane Counties (stn
king off the Calumet swamp from
Cook) ; and it covers about tbe same
area as those counties, its length
being 62 miles, and its breadth 45
miles. Rome is situated
NEARLY IN THE MIDDLE
the great fever-breeding plain,
being 18 to 20 miles from the sea to
the southwest, and 20 to 30 miles
from the mountains which girdle
tne piam ana bound the horizon to
the northward and eastward. This
plain embraced the greater portion
of the ancient Latium and considera
ble part of Etrusia, and was long
tne Dattie-neia ot a tribe wiiose suo-
sequent victories brought all nations
under its rule.
The Campagna of Rome greatly
resembles the undulating or rolling
prairies of Iowa or Kansas. Along
the margin of the mountains there
are toot-iiills and ridges which
project a .short distance into the
plain ; in some places they rise into
low cones, of the shape of an inverted-
bowl in others, more iike an
inverted saucer; and the tops of
these elevations are often crojvned
by a village. But nine tenths of the
plain may be described as. .
AX UNDULATING PRAIRIE,
whose surface assumes 10,000 unex
pected forms and shapes. Seen
from the elevation of one of the
mountains at Tivoli, for instance
the Campagna looks like a green
sea, sloping by unperceptible de
scent towards the Mediterranean,
which can be distinguished in the
far distance by its glittering reflec
tions in the sunlight. But the
Campagna viewed from a height
does not present those abrupt transi
tions and animated contrasts which
one observes in passing over it in
any direction, and which make the
most atrractive' landscapes. Some-1
times the road abrubtly descends in
to a hollow, or ravine, where the
view is excluded on nearly all sides;
and then it ascends to a "breezy up
land, from which a wide prospect is
commanded. Sometimes it winds
along a hillside or lateral valley;
again it is crowded on either hand
not high but precipitous cliffs,
which seem to have been torn by
earthquake violence; and these will
followed by long gentle swells;
then hill and dell, valley or glen;
and next one will come to an indis
cribable tract, which the geologists
declare to be the
it
CRATER OF AN EXTINCT VOLCAN.O,
the centre of which is frequently
little lake or pond, with a stream
issuing therefrom, and the water
thereof is discolored and impregna
ted with sulphur. Some of these are
used as mineral springs. Forty of
those extinct volcanoes have been
traced out and mapped on the sur
face of the broad Campagna. The
whole regiou is intersected and
veined with streams rivulets, and
threads of water, whose fountains
are springs issuing from hill-sides
glens, and all finding their out
in the Tiber, which, rolling down
from the Appenine Mountains, trav
erses the plain to the sea.
Ihe numerous ravines, rents, and
sharp hillsides, a well as the deep
cuts through the ridges for the rail
ways, expose to view the geological
formation of this plain. It is clear
maiKea with indications of a
stuggle between the forces of fire
aud water. It is obvious that the
plain was once part of the bed of
the Mediteranean Sea. In a thou
sand places strata of sand and grav
el can be seen the former often har
dened into sandstone, aud full of
shells. . But the Campagna exhibits
more of volcanic than of marine
action. While it yet lay under
water, it was the scene of a
LONG SERIES OF VOI.CAS IC CONVUL
SIONS, which were continued after it emerg
ed from the sea, and is 6hown bv
scores of dead craters scattered
over it. After the land had
risen from the waste of writers and
the volcanoes burnt out, the Cam
pagna had then arongh,irreguIar sur.
face, indented with depressions which
the waters, pouring down from tho
Apennines, converted into lakes;
and by slow degrees, in the course
time, filled up with debris and
lime deposite. In what wcro once
shallow lakes we now iind strata of
sand aud marli, and also large
deposits of yellow travetino (a
kind of limestone), of which the
finest buildings and most enduring
ruins of Rome are constructed for
example, the Coliseum and St. Pe
ter's. One can see the process of
formation of this travertine
stone going on now in a pond not
far from the ruins of Hadrian's Vil
la, 15 miles southeast of Rome. The
little stream flowing into the pond is
strongly impregnated with the car-bonate-of
lime incrustation which is
filling up the pond. By this process
in a few centuries more the pond
will be completely closed, as hun
dreds of other ponds on the Cam
pagna have been in the same way
before it. Thus the imagination can
go back to the time when the Coli
seum aud St. Peter's were held in'
solution in lakelets as
CARBONATE OF LIMx!
The ashes and scoiiae from the
dead volcanoes, disposed in layers
over the marine deposits, and grad
ually consolidated by water and
pressure, formed in reddish brown,
soft building stone in common use
in Rome, called tufa; while from the
lava flow of the volcanoes is obtained
the hard, dark flint-like, substance
with which the streets of the "Eter
nal City" w ere in ancient times, and
are nowi paved and which stood a
thousand years' travel on the Appian .
and Flaminian Ways and other
great militaiy highways which radi
ated from Rome over the Campagna
and ltalv.
The Campagne of Rome is thus
seen to be a vast tablet on which the
action of salt water, and the wash
ings of the Apennines, have record
ed their various inscriptions in char
acter so plain that any intelligent
person may read them as he ruus.
How the late and lamented UoL
Foster would have enjoyed and ex
ploration of the singular Campagna,
and what a deeply interesting and
lucid report of what he discovered
he could have written!
WThy is the Roman Campagna in
summer
A FEVER STRICKEN PLAIN!
I have found no satisfactory answer
to the question, and no writer has
ever explained it in a way that I can
fully endorse. And 1 nave not the
ory enough of my own to offer in
lieu of theirs. To the eye, the Ro
man Campagna should be the health
lest plain in Italy. inere is no
stagnant water, no marshes or
swamps thereon. The streams that
issue from its hill-sides are bright.
.... m, '
pure and neaitny waters, ihe un
dulations make it everywhere self-
drainuig and dry ground. As re
marked, it exactly resembles the
rolling prairies of Kansas, and sure
ly they are salubrious. ' The weather
is no drier, or hotter between May
and October, on the Roman Cam
pagna, than in southern lvansas or
Central Illinois. But it is as tree
less, houseless uninhabited, as the
unpeopled districs of the "Far
West. lhis is a strange contrast
to the,; other part of Italy, which
swarm with population like a bee
hive, and are planted all over with
trees mulberry, olive, orange, pine.
chestnut, poplar, and other varieties.
Far as the eye can pierce, one sees
only a treeless, rolling, ever-chang
ing plain, covered with short grass
mixea witn wua nowers; but with
no human life, except dark-skinned.
brigand-looking shepherds and
herdsmen dressed in cloaks of sheep
skin and calfskin trowsers, hair side
out, with high, conical hat, and ac
companied by wolfish dogs, which
aid their masters in taking care of
the flocks and herds. In every direc
tion this melancholy scene depresses
the mind of the traveler, and make9
him feel that he is passing through
A LAND OF GHOSTS
the shades of the great departed of
ancient Rome. The dead citv throws
solemn shadow over the wide plain
which once teemed with rural life
and bustled with agricultural indus
try. This plain is that world re
nowned Campagna so inseparaly con
nected with the early history of
Rome. It was once occupied and
owned by little commonwealths
which cost the Roman tribes centu
ries to overcome and conquer. Who
has not read and sympathized with
the gallant struggle of the Veii,
whose city, not 12 miles from Rome,
stood a siege often years before
yielding, and whose ruins are dis
tinctly visible to this day?
But at last, when Rome was weak
ened by licentiousness and Commun
ism, the barbarian Goths strode
over this Campagna with fire and
sword; and, after them, the Huns,'
and Lombards, and Saracens.. ' Ev
ery habitation, was destroyed, every 1
tree hewn down, and the inhabitants
were murdered or dispersed.; iThe
Campagna never again was popula
ted. It grew over with grass and
weeds, and fell into the bauds of a
few proprietors, who for many cen
turies, have devoted the , land to
pasturage. A few years ago, "the
number of proprietors of the Cam
pagna was 173 1 of whom 64 were
church-corporations such as convent
estates for the support of . monks,
nuns and friars. The ecclesiastics
had absorbed more than half of the
whole Campagna, and the residue
belonged to nobles who had descend
ed from the relatives of Popes and
Cardinals.
The owners do not manage those
enormous estates themselves, but
rent them to a body of middlemen,
about fifty in number, called
"MERCANTI DI CAMPAGNA,"
who reside in Rome, and were in
corporated by the Papal Govern
ment. They have all grown very
rich some of them being among
the wealthiest men in Rome. They
own the vast flocks and herds, and
hire the shepherds aud their yellow
dogs. They employ overseers, who
ride about on horseback, under un
brellas, with pistols in their belts
exactly like the slave-drivers on
Southern plantations, in the days ot
Chivalry and overlook the herds
men and the shepherds, and the cat
tle and sheep under their charge.
During the very hot season, when
the grass wilts and dries up and the
heavens are like brass, tho panting
flocks are driven from the treeless
pkin to the mountains, where the
air is cooler, and where verdure,
shade, and water are procurable.
It would not be strictly accurate to
affirm that there are no houses and
no cultivation on the Campagna.
There is on each estate one, and on
some of the very largest more tint"
one house, of stone, also a store
house and stable the whole enclos
ed by a high stone walL Here the
overseer and his various assistants
reside; but there is no -permanent
shelter provided for the shepherds
and laborers. " Their habitations
consists of mud huts on the hillsides,
near springs, often in a decayed, an
cient tomb, or in 6tone or natural
caverns which abound in the volcan
ic rocks. Some of them" hive, with
their families, in covered carts,
drawn by a donkey, or mule, which
are moved about from one part of
the vast estate to another.
But all the ground is not under
pasture. Perhaps one tenth of it is
in cultivation,
CHIEFLY IN WHEAT,
of which it produces a very large
yield. The ground is plowed by
white, long horned oxen, and the
wheat is sown in October and har
vested in June. When the grain is
nearly ripe, messengers are dispatch
ed into the neighboring mountains,
who hire an abundance of hands of
both sexes, to cut down with the
sickle. The employer furnishes food
and vine, but no shelter. The work
begins at early dawn, and continues
till niffht. with two hours' rest at
noon. The overseer rides up" and
down the fields to stimulate and en
conrge the toil with flask or oath.
The reapers and binders at night'
throw themselves down beside their
sheaves, their bodies bathed in per
spiration, and exhausted by fatigue
and fierce heat of the day. The
chill winds blow and'heavy dews fall
soon after sundown. The daily mal
aria begins to rise from the plain,
and tne poison or tever passes
through their veins. Before the
first week ends, half the harvesters
are sick, and drag their weak and
weary legs to theii mountain homes,
where "
MANY OF TnESIDIE.
Before the second week closes half
the remaining hands are stricken
down with the same remorseless dis
ease, and are happy if they have
strength to crawl home perchance
to die at their own doors. Such are
the ways and conditions on which
the Campagna is cultivated. -,The
poor wretches Who cut down '.the
grain receive for thus risking their
lives for . two weeks the miserable
pittance of three francs a day for
reapers and two for binders 60 and
40 cents each? The beauty of the
Campagna to - the eye" of humanity
becomes loathsome and hateful. The
poisonous malaria which overspreads
the Campagna is as deadly to physi
cal health as the mental nightshade
of the Dark Ages was the intellectu
al powers.. 1 - . ; i t i
Many argue that theunhealthmess
of the Campagua is attributable to
the want of cultivation and the des
titution of trees. But the treeless
rolling prairies of the Western States
which it so strikingly resembles,
are not unhealthy before they are
Cultivated, and why should these
plains be insalubrious? Some say
that the soil .-holds water, which
evaporating through the lich vege
table loam, sends up a malarious ex
halation. But the loam istSnot as
deep," rich, or humid, as the - soil of
Illinois or Iowa prairies. There are
no marshes or stagnant water any-
wnere visible. 1 he streams run low
in summer; many of the Springs go
dry; the verdure wilts for want of
moisture, and the earth is parched
for lack of .rain, JrThe herds 'and
flocks have to be driven up into
mountains valleys and hill sides to
find water and pasturage. Still, in
the face of this summer drought,
the fever-breeding malaria lays low
nearly all who breath it after sun
down. Those who do not flee to the
mountains, take refuge within the
walls of the city, and the hospitals
of Rome are filled . every summer
with : : "i ' .
THE VICTIMS OF THE CAMPAGNA.
Since Rome became the capital of
Italy, the Government has appointed
Board ot medical experts and
skillful chemists to investigate
the causes of the summer sickenss
of the Campagna, and to devise
some relief therefrom, if remedy can
be found. It is known that, iu
ancient times, the Campagna was
not healthy; that there was consid
erable sickness; but it was not ac
counted to be a plague spot. It was
density populated, and dotted over
with towns and village, as the other
plains of Italy are at the present
time. If the Roman Campagna
were populated as thickly as the
plains of the Peninsula, it would
contain a million and a half of in
habitants; whereas there are but a
few thousand herdsmen, shepherds,
and overseers scattered over it.
Compared with all otber"jpropdrtions
of the Kngdom, swarming with busy
life, it looks like Goldsmith's De
serted Village. It is a gloomy soli
tude, with the silence of death brood
ing upon it.
' Among the various schemes for
disinfecting the Campagna of its
summei malaria, the Roman news
papers are actively- -discussing the
sanitary proprieties of
THE AUSTRALIAN EUCALYPTUS
an evergreen gum-tree which grow
with extraordinary rapidity- It is.
alleged that it possesses the power of
absorbing the poisonous gases from,
the air, and rendering healthy the
districts in which it is planted. Its
alleged wonderful sanitary effect in
unhealthy districts of Algeria, where
it has been planted, is cited iu proof
of its value as a disinfecting free. Its
leaves possess the same effect as qui
nine in the cure of chill fevers. Mad
ame Bodichon, who introduced the
tree into Algeria a few years ago,
thus writes to on English gentleman
in Rome; "If you could see the fra
grant forests of Eucalyptus here,
where fever breeding plains former
ly existed, but are such i"orci
yon would be thankful for what you
helped me to do. I'li-n' "J'1"" "f
somo more seed, especially the Ked
Gum Euealvt t'olossa which
stands any union" of sun, and grows
magnificently i" the desert. I never
did a iH-i-ter work in my life than
plantiiitf this Eucalyptus in Algeria."
The groat trouble with this treo,
however, is its
SENSITIVENESS TO FROST ' '
when young. The plants set out in
the vicinity ot Florence have winter
killed, although those in Nice, Can
nes and Milan, have survived, while
'
'
n
those in Naples grow beautifully
and luxuriantly. There are a few in
Rome, planted a few years ago by
way ot experiment, which have with
stood the frost. I saw one in the
court of the Doria Palace, on the
Corso, 40 or 50 feet high, only. four
or five years old, which looked
healthy and vigorous, and a dozen
others at the Borghese Palace, near
the Quirinal. 6onie of them of the
hcightof 30 or more feet, four years
old, which "were uninjured by the
sharp frosts of the past winter. One
of the newspaper writers state that
"he has seen them covered with snow
and heavy icicles in Australia, with
out injuring them; and that they
apparently grow almost as well m
ury as in moist situations. iney
are probably about as hardy as the
fig, some of the species perhaps more
so." It is stated that they are being
extensively planted in California
where they live and thrive finely.
Still, in the face of this testimony as
to their power of resisting frost, the
experiment made at Florence show
that they cannot endure 10 or 12 de
grees of cold below the freezing
point a point to which the ther
mometer occasionally falls on the
Roman Campagna. The Government
has offered 6,000 Eucalyptus plants
to land owners about Kome this
spring, to set out by way of experi
ment. The present intention seems
to be to
PLANT EXTENSIVE FORESTS
of this tree on the Campagna, if they
are found able to endure the compar
atively slight cold of the winters of
home, "which rarely ever freezes ice
more than an inch thick, although
the "Tramontania" winds from the
mountains feel very cold and set
one's teeth to rattling.
It would be an incalculable bless
ing if this gum-tree accomplished
what is hoped for it, and changed
those fever-stricken, uninhabitable
plains into salubrious abodes for bu
sy men. It is claimed to eWt a fra
grant, antiseptic, camphorate etfiu
via; and as it grows with extrordi
nary rapidity, it disengages from the
decaying vegetable matter in the
ground the poison called malaria
aud discharges the pure aqueous
moisture into the air. It further acts
to produce a shade and thereby low
ers the temperature of the air in
summer, which causes the water in
the soil to stagnate more slowly; and
any delay of stagnation . is a gain to
health. It is said that experiments
with the sunflower which is a rapid
grower and produces an oily seed
in malarious districts have been ben
ificial in a marked degree. It is much
grown in China for the sake of its
salubrious qualities, as well as gor
geous flower. Another argument in
favor of the Hiucalyptus is that
. THE WOOD IS VALUABLE
for fuel and many other domestic
purposes. When cut down, it be
comes quite hard and solid, as the
sap evaporates;' and it is claimed to
be as durable as locust or walnut,
and more so than beech or hickory.
nd then it grows about ten times
as tast as most trees snooting up
to 10 feet a year, and , increasing the
diameter of its trunk 2 or 3 inches
annually after it fairly gets started.
- If what is alleged of the Eucalyp
tus be true, why may it not be suc
cessfully introduced all around the
Gulf coast of the Southern Estates,
and to a distance of 15 to 160 miles
back from the sea? As it becomes
acclimatized, . it will grow hardier.
The French expect to revolutionize
the climate, productions and salubri
ty af Algeria with it; and the Ro
mans are fondly hoping that it may
eventually be the' means of restoring
health in summer within their walls,
and rendering habitable once more
their fertile Campagna, over which
disease and deat h have so long brood
J. M.
TO MARRY AGAIN, OR NOT.
No man eyer had a fonder or bet
ter wife. I say so now with as full
conviction as I said it when I looked
my last in her dear dead face, and
kissed it and the fingers that had
wrought so deftly and untiringly for
the poor,, for our children, and' for
me., il am a bale, active man of 0,
and through God's mercy, capable of
much enjoyment; but a day and
night pass not without thoughts of
how well she suited me. how tender
ly she loved me, ..what a happy old
couple -we should have been. '
: I wonder y6u never married again,
Morton, said my early friend, Jack
Hathaway, to me once. lou must
have wanted a wife in the parish as
well as at home, and you must feel
very lonely in the long winter even
ings. Then I knew he was thinking lov
ingly of his fat little wife and common-place
children at .home, and I
was glad of it, for he is a good crea
ture, and though we are intellectual
ly antagonistic, and he sometimes of
fends my taste, I like him because
wo were boys together. I felt that I
must say something, and I felt that I
astonished myself more than I aston
ished him when I said: To tell you
the truth,. Jack, I did. think of it;
once.: ' .'.
: I was so taken back by having
made such a confidence I had nev
er breathed the fact-had intended
never to breathe it that I felt as 1 (
think I should feel f one of my
good, sound front teeth fell out.
Then, what iiinm-if
Well, to be candid.postage stamps.
Postage stamps? he querried loud
ly. It is a curious story, I answered. I
will tell you all about it if you real
ly feol interested, but I would rather
jiot h.ive it repeated.
I am as deep, as a well, and of
course I'm interested.
With that ho crossed bis legs and
leaned back in his chair, and looked
expectant. ,
I began: You know that I was
left n widower with two children a
boy and a girl. They went to school
soon as they- were old enough.
About setulinga boy, there can be iu
my opinion, no doubt; and I do not
believe that a solitary girl can b 'ed
ucated, with advantage to herselt, nt
home. She requires compantunsUip,
Wishes forit, and ought to have i . A
even took care to provide for in no m
her holidays. My
taken -great interest m the Dal tons
Daltou was the perpetual curate of
Furzeham, about four miles off, and
he had married a favorite schoolmate
of hers. It was an imprudent match
iriether of them had any money;
oi course they had a large lamiiy,
and Furzeham was worth one hun
dred and twenty pounds per annum.
Mary helped them a great deal, and,
"You'll be kind to the poor Daltonsr
won t you?" was among her latest ex
pressions. Their oldest daughter
was two years older than ours, and
ten years wiser. Educatiou, as it is
usually understood, she had none it
was simply impossible; first, there
was no money for it; next, her moth
er wanted her to help in nursing,
sewing, cooking, housework. I must
say she was a strong case in favor of
no education. She had .abundance
of talent; and her father being a
gentleman, and her mother a gentle
woman, she acquired easy, self-un-conscious
manners, talked with tact,
read aloud charmingly, wrote a capi
tal letter she even danced aud sang
when she had an opportunity. Now,
partly for her sake.to give her the re
creation she deserved, and a glimpse
of better social things than existed
at home, but much more for my own
girl's sake, I always had Dorothy
Dalton to spend her vacation with
her, and I treated her in every re
spect as another daughter, even to
kissing her and blessing her night
and morning. It went on thus six or
seven years, till Anna married, which
she did at eighteen. Dorothy had
been invaluable during the trouble
some period of preparation for the
wedding; and when it was over I
asked her mother to leave her with
me for a time, not only to set new
arrangements going, but to talk to
mS; for Charles, who was with me
for the long vacation, was very dull,
mere book-worm. JUrs. Dalton
agreed, and for several weeks all
went on delightfully. Dorothy had
au exquisite gift of companionship
could set conversation going when
it was wanted, and her silence was
never glum or oppressive. As far as
I am concerned, this state of things
might have lasted to the present
day I should never have dreamed
of putting an end to it but one
morning I was alarmed by a visit
from Mrs. Dalton. I say alarmed,
not only because her countenance
betokened trouble, but because I
knew it was barely possible for her
to leave her family. My first thought
was of some pecuniary difficulty
not that she or Dalton had ever ask
ed for even a small loan yet how
could they make both ends meet?
Her first words were: I want to
speak to you alone.
So you shall, I replied. JN ow, my
dear, good friend, what's the matter?
Nothing serious, I hope. '
.No, she said faintly, and with a
quivering lip, not lodking up at me;
but I want Dorothy to come home
with me to-day.
Why, L asked; is Dalton ill, or one
of the children, or are you? "What is
it?
She broke into tears; and knowing
the woman's long endurance, her
strength as well as tenderness of
character, I was very much affected.
Come, come, 1 said scotningly; re
member what an old friend 1 am.
Try and fancy I am Mary, I whisper-
ed ; and 1 tooK ana Kissea ner rougu-
. " . r ii. jV 1
ened hand, spoiled for society, Dut
in my eyes made venerable by holy
household toil.
fehe wiped her tews, and said: V e
have all forgotten that Dorothy is
now a woman. We ought not to
have allowed her to stay with you
after Anna went away. People are
making ill natured remarks.
Then I felt exceedingly angry, and
said: I really think that my age and
social position entitle me to have a
voiino- l.idv staving in my honse as
long as she and her parents choose,
even if she has not, as Dorothy has,
grown up as one of my own family.
How did you hear this gossip.
In the most innocent, unexpected
manner, from my dear little 3Iattie.
She went to Miss King's to ouy me
some cotton. The lirowns, mro eic
in the shop, did not see her, and
made observations which she repeat
ed and asked me to explain.
I should have liked to know what
the observations were, but 1 checked
myself, and inquired: Do you be
lieve that this sort of thing is worth
noticing to me, it seems utieriy
contemptible.
No, it is not, she answered, firmly;
society has made rules, and they are
useful, and we must abide by them.
will take Dorothy back, "if yon
please; and I am sure you under
stand her voice faltered how much
like, and have always liked, her to
be here. You are a second father to
her.
You won't tell her? . .
Oh, no; there is no occasion. It is
simply true that I very much m
want of her help tU home.
Then I reproached myself forhav-
ing
been selfish in Keepiug ner so
lr.ii.r- .111
,1 she came in ramant ana
affectionate, and I felt that a sort of
void was made in my life, which I
L-new not how to fill. I drove slow ly
back after leaving them at Furze
ham, aud stopped to give an order
at the saddler's. "While I was there,
thesn words caught my ear: Will
she tako the old oue, or the youug
one, think ye?
I could not see the speaker; I did
not know the voice, but at the mo
ment, the words seemed to have an
unpleasant significance, though prob
ably they had no reference to me.
Things do occur very oddly, inter
polated"Jack. They might liave al
luded to something quite different
Circumstances seem to bo tinged
by what is uppermost
MM, wmtvl.f linti) Iu
y what is uppermost in tho muni,
'he man might have been talking of
t.. tlmt ho had to sell.
Had you any notion that your son
admired Miss DaloJ
Not. whatever. He w at that
time very backward stK-.al y-devot-ed
to hard reading, and if he spoke
..r u-.tmeii at all, it was. to depreciate
intellectually. 1 should have
been hard on him for it, but that he
could not remember his mother; and
Anna, dear creature, is not clever.
fche is uone the worse for that, in
tuv oftmiiin iutiirrmiti'il Jack. As S
rule, clever women do not add to
home happiness, which is the thief
eud for which they are sent into this
world
It was useless to answer this,
though it irritated me; he had always
taken a low tone, or he could not
have married the insipid little woman
whose twaddle was quite up to his
mark.
But go on, James, he' continued; I
want to get at the postage stamps. I
think, by. the wayj that "Mrs. Dalton
was riglu in taking her daughter
home. Unless people hereabouts are
simpler or more good-natured than
they are elsewhere, they would inva
riably say that her parents were try
ing to catch your son for her.
I winced again, and said: Yon
maybe right; but as liave never
troubled about gossip possibly be
cause I have never been affected by
it I thought it very hard at the
time. ' There was I deprived of the
harmless, pleasant flitting of a girl
about my quiet house; and she was
removed from surroundings that
suited her to a very meagre home
Where she must have been very
much wanted by her mother, inter
rupted Jack. The fact is, James,
tjiat I suspect that you were, quite
unconsciously, in love with the
young lady.
No; replied, I stoutly; of that I am
quite certain; but I admit that after
I had tKought over the matter 6ome
weeks, I asked myself why I should
not marry her, if her parents would
give her to me willingly, and if she
thought she could be happy with me.
That, in a way, she loved me, I was
as sure as that I loved her not with
a lover's love that was as impossible
w ith me as second-sight, but with
affectionate approbation, and cordial
admiration, genuine pleasure in her
society. I could take her from pov
erty to affluence, and when I died,
leave her independent.
What prospect has a poor parson's
daughter? He can leave her nothing
If, by some painful process, he con
trives to educate her as it is called,
to make a governess of her, what a
life is before her! 1 declare. I think
a girl had better marry any kind,
good man, who loves her, than teach,
teach, teach; conflict with the old
Adam in children day after day, year
after year; having no freedom of ac
tion, no home the while, till she ia
too old for it; and after helping her
family has perhaps saved what gives
her twenty or thirty pounds per an
num, on which to languish and die,
Dorothy, moreover, could only be fit
for a very inferior situation; she had
bright parts, but no systematic
training. What was to become of
her, her mother and sisters, when
Dalton died? She might with her
attractions she piobably would
come across more than one man who
would be fond of her, but could not
marry without money. Of what use
would that be? After discussing the
matter with myself for a month, I
wrote her a letter of which I re
member every-word ay, even the '
position of the sentences. I told her
that, though not with a young man's
love, not with tjie sacred love I had
given my wife, I loved her; that I
would rejoice in, her presence, would
shield her as far as I could from the
ills of life, till my death, and after
it, would advance her brothers' and
sisters' interests, make her mother's .
life easier. I told her to take her
own time to consider and to consult .
her parents. I wrote late one night,
and the next morning the letter
seemed to me too important for my
own po3t-bag. I was not afraid that
the servants or post-office people
would think it odd that I wrote to
her, for I had often done that; but
I resolved to take the letter myself,
and post it at Crossford. The post
master there had married a parish
ioner of mine; she would be glad to -see
me; the walk was a pleasant one, '
and I was in n frame of mind which '
demanded quick motion. I stepped
out cheerily, that bright September
morning, wondering, among other
wonderings, whether Dorothy and I
should ever walk that way as man
and wife ;
Now, interrupted Jack, I suppose
we are coming to the postage stamps. t
. We are, said I, but we must come
at them our own way. The post of- .
lke at Crossford was a grocer's shop.
The mistress, my friend, Mrs. Simms, 1
was, as I expected, pleaded with my .
visit.
Such a pleasure, jtp be sure, sir, and
you looking so well fresh as a four- '
teeu-year-old, as my good man do
say of you, sir, special. Yes, he's
nicely, sir; thank you gone to Box
ham market to look about some pigs.
There's a fine, new sort they do say,
that Sir William have brought into
the country, from Shropshire. YouH
come into the parlor, sir, and sit
down. You may well look &t all '
them letters. I couldn't say how
many has been for stamps this morn-
ing,and 1 hadn t one till half an hour
agone Master Charlie, too, he have
been for some. They left their let- "
ters, and I said I'd see to stamping
them; and that I will, surely.
I'll do it for you said L I see yoa "
want to put away these goods, and
it will .amuse me while I talk to you.
So, notwithstanding resistance ou
her part, I began. I daresay there
were between thirty- and forty of
them, and I was getting rather tired
when I came to the last, I had real
ly not looked at the addresses of the
others. 1 could not have told where
one of them was going, but this
one
' Was to Miss Paltou from your
son! exclaimed Jack.
It was indeed, I replied; and I
cannot attempt to describe my feel
in 9. I believe that I was for some
seconds unconscious; the ground
seemed gone from under my feet.
My own son was deceiving me; and
I could not conjecture how far Doro
thy was involved. Tho one misera
ble consolation was that my own
letter remained safe in uiy pocket. I
was not committed. I conclude
that my countenance had changed,
for, when I rose to go, which 1 did
immediately, Mrs. Simma entreated
me to have some brandy, saying she
was sure that the Binell of the nasty
dips had upset me; but what could
ehe do? People must live, and kho
must sell what there w as a demand
for.
You need not be told with wrat
different feelings I walked borne; tre
entire aspect oi life was changed for
mo. Dorothy was irretrievably lost,
and hanging over me was the disa
greeable necessity for an explnia-
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