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"The exposure cheat- 1 iW 1 iW istll V V VB iH and knavery one the I I fl rfl H I mWm Itf tL Hi of Socialist I B ft m Hf aiM aiB Hl Leon Trotsky. fl 1 iVfl iLI fl ikliLfl HV t r itf 1 sLfl 1 HliB 1 H ft B NO. 176. CLEVELAND, OHIO, SAtAdAY. .11 Mi. i. PRIC E FIVE CENTS. SACCO-VANZETTI CASE iN COURT. Jury Selected From Hundreds of Talesmen. Nicolo Sacco and Bartholomew Van zetti, radical labor unionists and lead ers, charged with" murder are now on trial at Dedam, Mass. The selection of the jury began on May 31 and for 5 days an examina tion of hundreds of talesmen proceed ed before the prosecution and the de fense were able to pick 12 men who will decide the fates of the two men The accused are jointly charged with the murder on April 15, 1920 of Frederick A. Paimenter, paymaster of the Slater and Merrill Shoe Com pany at Braintree, Mass. and Ales sandro Beradelli, a special officer. The trials began In a sensational hunt for jurymen, several hundred men being examined in- the search for 12 men fit for the responsibility of jury duty. The wide publicity given the case, which is comparable to the Mooney Case in the appearance of a frame-up, being responsible for great prejudice in the minds of practically all inhabitants of that section. The city of Dedham and all Norfalk County were scoured for talesmen when the first panel of 125 men was exausted. Talesmen were taken from their homes and work for examina tion for duty. A bride groom was taken from his wedding breakfast. Many were excused on account of pre judice in the case and others on ac count of being opposed to capital punishment. Defense Counsel Strong.' The defendants have a strong legal counsel at their service. They are: William J. Callahan, Fred H. Moore, John A. Lyons, John W. McAnarney and J. J. McAnarney. Moore is ac counted one of the best- labor attor neys in the United States, having served in that capacity in many not able labor cases, the "Everett Mas sacre" of the I. W. W. at Everett, i Washington, several years ago, being tei4.J!i?..-mot-uccessft:l fighu. It is asserted that the defense will 'jot only prove their innocence in the murders but will be able to throw (heavy shadows of suspicion of "fram ing" them for the electric chair, upon i their accusers. Sacco and Vanzetti have in the past been active in several labor strikes and were known to the authorities as r-tive in the revolu tionary movement. Their activities in the labor movement is given as the reasons for the charges against them, in the absnce of the real murderers ever being located. The Civil Liberties Union of New York is active in rais ing money for the defense of the two accused men. Since the trial opened the jury has been taken on a sight seeing tour of the scenes of the murder. The defend ants waived their legal right to ac company the party, having already been carried over the ground in the "third degree" thru which they were put by the police after their arrest. Cleveland Building Strike Getting Settled. General Wage Cut Basis of Set tlement. Closed Shop Principle Retained. The strike of the Cleveland build ing trades which has been on since May 1 is getting settled after a fashion. A general wage cut approxi mating 17 per cent with the retention of the closed shop principle for the unions forms the general basis upon which workers in the 20 crafts are returning to work. After sevral weexs of sparring for advantage an arbitration board com posed of representatives of the em ployers, the unions and that fictitious element "the public", wa3 formed to consider all matters at issue. It naturally followed that a general and decisive wage cut was seen as the only possible way out. While the board of arbitration has been the general supervisor of nego tiations for settlement, several unions have not waived their rights to nego tiate for themselves at the same' time. The result is that some unions are still, even with one foot slipping into the mire of reduced wages, making a stand for some of the hard won fruits of past conquests. Building laborers have, thrown up the sponge in the middle of the first week's resumption of work after try ing to survive on a wage of 57 and GO cents an hour. Many jobs were struck because of the dissatisfaction on this account. The question of re maining at work if union laborers failed to show up last Monday morn ing, was a question to Brickjayers were to consider at a meeting Sunday when they met to consider the ar bitration award. 1 UP FROM SLAVEY TO POWER! SI graa ;ekeni i rlV Mum Packers Still Cry 'Down With Wages' (By The Federated Press.) 1 5c AN HOUR, WAGE OF AMERICAN FARMER. Chicago. Reductions in the pny of approximately 02,000 paoking-house workers are asked by the "Big Five" in an application filed with Federal Judge Samuel Alschuler, impartial ar bitrator agreed upon by the employers and workers in the industry during the wartime disputes. The packers re quest permission to cut wages in the stockyards 5 cents an hour, effective; June 19, together with a reduction in the piecework scale equivalent to the hour rate. The petition states that changed economic conditions have re sulted in giving labor an "inordinate portion of what it is producing." Dennis Lane, secretary-treasurer of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen, intimated tlwi. he believed the packers are actuated by other motives than their announced lesire to aid the farmer or provide jobs for the jobless. He is of the opinion the packers are trying to force a strike with the object of smashing the unions with the army of unemployed. The agreement under which the men are working at present was signed in Washington, March 23, at a meeting between the government and the packers and the unions, got together at the instance of Lane at i time when, with big wage cuts threatened, a nation-wide strike seem ed imminent. As it was hourly wages, under that agreement, were cut 8c :md the piecework scale 12 Vt per cent. At that time it was not expected that further action by the packers towards ower wages would be taken untiLl early in August, a month before the present agreement expires. The reduction, it it goes through, would mean a saving to the "Big Five' of $6,500,000 a year. BANCRUPTCY INEVITABLE LOT OF RURAL PRODUCERS. A Little Talk With Gompers BEFORE THE A. F. OF L. CONVENTION AT HIS HEADQUAR TERS, ROOM 567 ALBANY HOTEL, DENVER, COLORADO. The American Farmer is worse off than any peasant of Europe. He is working fsr 5c an hour and he feeds this country and a great part of the world. Bankruptcy stares him in the face. This is the wage American farmers of the mid-continental regions of the U. S. are receiving in this year of 1921, says Senator Norris. Senator Norris is sponsoring a bill for farmers' relief. He calls it the Farmers Financing Corporation bill. It provides for the formation of a corporation composed of the Secre tary of Agriculture and four others as directors. $100,000,000 is to be set aside from guvernment funds to fin ance exports of cotton, wheat and other farm products. It Is expected to finance itself once it is set agoing. Unless some means are taken for i raklical change in the world mar keting of American farm products, the American farmer will be reduced to the lowest position of any wealth producer in the country. With debts to pay on invested capital, in land. implements, stock and farm equip ment, says the Senator, virtual im poverishment on an unorecedented scale willW)e his lot. Organized Greed Drives Thousands to Starve. Half Million in New England at Hunger Point. (By The Federated Press, By M. I). Litman, Secretary Workers' Defense Union, Denver, Colorado. Gale Loses Fight On Habeas Corpus Linn A. E. Gale, former editor and publisher of Gale's Magazine, a cotn- munist monthly magazine, published! at Mexico City, Mexico, has lost his fight on an application for a writ of habeas corpus to transfer his case from the military to the civil courts. Judge West, of San Antonio, Texas, before whom the hearing was held, ruled that evidence tended to show that the Albany, New York deaft board had mailed a notice of induc tion into the army to Gale on March 28, 1918, and that Gale had received proper notice. He also held that according to the evidence, Gale was, to all intents, a soldier after April 4, 1918, and there fore subject to military laws, and that evidence showed he willfully absented himself from the United States to escape the draft. Gale was arrested at Laredo in April, after he had been expelled from Mexico by President Obregon The Toiler correspondent states that Gale and his attorney, Samuel Castelton of Atlanta, Ga., nuide Shakespeare says there is nothing in a name, and surely there is much less in a number; but I shall never forget Room 567 Albany Hotel, Den ver, Colorado. Ever since I have been a "red'' and for some time a member of the A. F. of L., I have heard and talked so much of Gompers and his misleadership, that when I passed the Albany Hotel during lunch hour four days before the A. F. of L. convention, an unconquerable desite to see Sam my at his headquarters gripped me and as if some automaton would carry me off, I suddenly found myself go ing up the elevator to the fifth floor. A sign on the door, below the room number 567, read as follows: Office of the President of the American Fed eration of Labor. A sort of a bashful feeling and a quickening of my pulse came over me, I opened the door and found myself inside of the Sanctum-Sanctorium of the A. F. of L. Generalisimo and Chief Tactician. The busy office, with I bustling secretaries and messengers I running back and forth "with the Final Ukaz to the labor front, failed to materialize. I was rather supiised at the emptiness of the room. In the distance near a window sat a well dressed man of about forty, wno looked like an oil-stock salesman and to the right was an open door where I could see a short gray-haired, pom pous little fellow talking to a woman dressed in dark. "It Is Sammy him self!" was the quick thought than ran through my mind. Yes, Sammy him self; but not by himself anytmorc. He is winding up his honeymoon. Approaching the man near the win dow, I asked him if he was one of the A. F. of L. officials and he said yes. I introduced myself as the Sec retary of the Workers' Defense Union of Denver, that defended last year's raid victims and he looked at me as if he did not know there was such an organization in existence, and I addressed him as follows: "Will you please answer this ques tlon: Is it right for the A. F. of L to mnkc this hotel its convention head quarters, in view of the fact that only a month ago Robert Minor, who spoke against the Open Shop in Den vor, was not allowed to lecture In the Albany Hotel Ball Room by the man- for a beanery. was l:lo. "in there only 15 hours." With clock showed it must have been es, it seemed like ent I told the waitress that i just had a "Little Talk with Gompers,'! "Who is Gom pers?" she asked with a surprised look on her face. THE DUTIES OF A COMMUNIST IN RUSSIA. strong fight for the writ. It !s thot that Gale will now be tried by court agement, because they were against martial for deertlon. His defense is being backed by friends in this coun try and by workers' organisations in Mexico where he has many friends. the topic . and the management re turned the money paid for the use of the hall to the committee?" The man I addressed told me that I must be mistaken, that there is no one he knew by the name of Robert Minor lecturing against the Open Shop, tjjat it must have been a man by the name of Meisel or some name that sounded like it. Before I could utter another word, the Generalisimo himself came out from the inner room and pushing himself as close up to me as pos sible, he said: "My name is Gompers, What do you want?" I again told him of how Robert Minor was not allowed to speak against the Open Shop in the present headquarters of the A. F. of L., and asked him if he knew Minor. He told me that he knew Minor and that the hotel arrangements were made for him six months ago. I then asked him what he thought of having his headquarters in a hotel which is for the Open Shop. With a curt heavy voice he replied: "That's none of your business what I think." Pushing him self still closer to me until it seemed as if he was trying to back me to the door, he went on: "You are crude, im pudent, insolent and ever-bearing. It is none of your affairs where we make our headquarters." I felt sick. "Do you think that we can live in a stable," he continued. "Do you live in n stable?" I confessed to him that I did once when I was broke. My vo cabulary seemed to have failed me and I barked out at him: "Most work ers live in stables anyway." The old crook got excited and growled at me: "You belong in a stable." There was an inner feeling urging me to stay and not to leave, but words failed me. "Things will soon change." I said in a low voice. "Go on, go out, go on." Gompers yelled and turning around so as to ignore me, he engaged into a conversation with the man near the window. The excitement of talking face to face with the Czar of Labor, made me feel as if I were walking through an abyss. I closed the door of room 567, looked back at the sign and said to myself. "So that is the way the leader of American Labor talks to a worker who was seeking reasonable information." in tnc loooy oi the hotel, one could see a hundred or more Crea tures that once were workers, they looked like shrewd politicians with contended faces and smooth hands. They were the deputies and the hench men that are coached and primed to re-elect Sammy. Dejected in spirit 1 reached the street and made a dash The City of Denver is giving the A. F. of L. a cold reception. Thev re fused to decorate the streets with American Flags unless the A. F. of L. stood the cost, they did not donate the Municipal Auditorium, as is some times done for many important con ventions. No official wellcome by the City of Denver. The delegates are slipping into town like prodigal sons. No one officially will dare to welcome the A. F. of L., in yjew of the Open Shop fight carried on by the Civic and Commercial Association. The press is busy with the Pueblo flood and seems to side-track the convention. Some of the bin firms are display ing cards in their windows to the ef feet that "money spent here will not be used to the detriment of labor." They are the 'very individuals that support the Conn lereial Associations Rejoice you workers and toilers, your interests are in safe hands. , o Court Rules Against Alexander Howat GREAT DANGERS, GREAT RESPONSIBILITIES, HARD WORK AND AN IRON DISCIPLINE MAKE THE LIFE OF THE RULING PARTY ANYTHING, BUT AN EASY ONE. By M. Olgin. Translated by S. Smith. From "Jewish Daily Forward", New York. A communist in Russia is a man who must face reality anil act. Upon him depends everything. He is res ponsible for everything. He must con sider everything. He must set a good example. He must lead. A Communist is a man who takes upon himself the task of carrying through the revolution to its very end, and of establishing socialism. He must never say no. He must always forge ahead. He must live up to the de cisions of the Soviets, live up to the demands of the Communist Party. He must fear nothing. He must never stop because of difficulties in the way. He has undertaken the task and he must not complain. A Communist is a fighter. All the Communists of a city are united in one military organization, called "a division with a special end in view." All the members of this organization must know how to use a rifle and machine gun. If they do not know they take lessons several .times a week. I The State Supreme Court of Kansas knew Communists who on three morn in a sweeping decision. on June 11, up-J ings a week had to rise at six o'clock held the Kansas Industrial Court law and go for military training, to learn in affirming the decision of the Craw-i to march and shoot. I saw Commun- ford County district court sentencing! ists who were tired, exhausted, hung Alexander Howat, miners' leader, to one year in jail. Howat was indicted several months ago for calling n mine strike against the ruling of the Industrial Court. He was tried, found guQty and sentenced to one year in prison. His appeal to the highest stnto Court was based upon eight issues Involving the con stitutionality of thf Industrial Court. The law was held Jid on all of the eight issues raised. Howat is held In great esteem by the coal miners of ; Kansas, of which district he is proildtnt. Many rank and file strikes have been pulled by the miners to show their solidarity with their chief. It is not expected that the Supreme Court's decision will have any mollifying effect upon the temper of the militant miners. -a Shrcveport. La. A gang of masked men lured R. G. Van Hess, former president of the Central Trades and Labor Council, from his home, tarred and feathered him, later forcing him aboard a train foY Marshall. Texas, ccording to a phase message from there received !' his wife. ry, but they attended ror military training. What is it all for? So that they may be able to defend the city in time of an insurrection. Every Communist of every city is connected with headquarters which serve as a mobilizing point. If he receives a call by telephone or courier, he must im mediately report to headquarters with his gun. Thus all the Communists of the City of Moscow can be mobilized within an hour. It would only take half an hour to mobilize the Commun ists of a smaller city. In the event of a counter-revolutionary movement in n city, the Communists will be the first to fight and the first to die. This is not an empty phrase with them. Comnunista to the Front. I happened to be in the city of Nis ni Novograd at a time when there was a feeling of restlessness among the military units there. It did not come to anything serious, but there was the fear that there might be an uprising. The Communists were rail ed out. Several hundred of them as semhled in the building of the Exec utive Committee of the Communists and remained there for three days ard three nights with their guns in hand. Sentries were posted. Patrols were organized. No one undressed in all this time. They ate and slept on the floor above. We're it necessary they would throw themselves to the de fense of the revolution with their life and blood. Just what chance their number would have against a far superior force they did not ask. Per haps they figured that only a part ot the enemy would be against them, while another part would join them. However that might have been, they were ready. They came to fight and to die. Thus it was all over Russia. This is not merely a part of the pro gramme, it is a terrible reality. When the Poles took Minsk what was the first thing they did? They slaughtered the Communists. When Denikin or Petlura have taken a city in Ukraina, who were the first vic tims? The Communists. When the "whites" had possession of Baku, whom did they shoot as one shoots mad dogs? The Communists. In Vla dimir a commisar told me how, es caping from Baku, he passed through Charkow to Soviet Russia. It was like a story from the Arabian Nights. I could not believe that a human being would be able to go through all that and remain alive. Of one thing he was positive: if they learned that he was a Communist they would snoot mm on the spot. I met with many Communists and spoke to them not as a newspaper man but as a good acquintance of theirs. I spent many weeks in the houses of active Communists. And do you know what I heard in the most sacred mo ments, when hearts open and secret thoughts ore uttered? "Wo will al ways be hung," I heard more than once. If the revolution should fail, if a change should come about, the Com munists will be the first ones to be shot and hung. They know that. They don't deceive themselves. And they stick right to it. They lose no courage They keep active. A Communist must be ready to sac riflce his life. You should have been In Russia in September, October and November, when the Russian army relented before the Poles and Wran gel kept moving north, ever nearer. Russia was at that time as if under (Continued on page 2.) N. Y. Bureau). New Haven, Conn. One hundred thousand families in Connecticut are in desperate straits for lack of ivrlr . and their families literally will be facing starvation if unemployment 'onditions do not improve, according to I. N. Ornburn, secretary of the Connecticut State Federation of La )or. Bridgeport, Waterbury and New 'laven are the worst sufferers. It is in this state that the organ zed employing and financial interests just now are centering their drive against unionism, and the campaign is being directed from this city. The local Chamber of Commerce has joined forces with the "open shop" council of employers, and the tactics they have adopted have become so offensive that Patrick F. O'Meara, president of the State Federation of Labor, has announced the resignation of the two labor delgotes from the deliberations of the Chamber of Commerce. The effect of this is to sever the last formal link between capital and labor here. The employers, however, are com placent. They point with satisfaction to the fact- that there are about five men for every available job. They say openly that they have launched their "open shop" campaign at a time cal culated to be most effective. Labor union officials, notwith standing, point to the fact that the union memberships are virtually un affected by the employers' offensive. "The employers are finding they can't force workers to abandon their union affiliations even in the face of starvation," they say. The number of men idle in New Haven is about 20,000; in Bridgeport, 30,000, and in Waterbury 28,000. Conditions throughout the indus trial sections of New England are very similar. Springfield, Fall River, Pro vidence, Hartfofrd and Manchester report thousands out of work. In Danbury the hat manufacturers, generally speaking, are said to be signing up again with the unions in all cases where such agreements were in existence. The principal exception is t he- Hill and Loper factory, which recently announced It would conduct an "open shop." The union men quit, ami an attempt is being made to fill their places with non-union men. 1 o 1 JUST A REHEARSAL. The capitalists are on strike and they don't care a damn. Too bad, we workers can't throw them info jail like they do us when we do likewise. History is repeating itself. What took place after the Civil War will take place here a great financial disaster. The prtsent is only a re hearsal for what will come in 1984-27. C. Caaaell. I I i J 1 M in i-dMIMilifi , : - - j&atM