Newspaper Page Text
6 GOOD ROADS OBUSADE MOVEMENT FOR BETTER HIGHWAYS IN ILLINOIS. (York urn \'ct la In the Experimental vinßf-f.mirt Soft 1t..ml- the Present Alm-Taxm Should Be Palfi In Canli. 1...HN Canned by Mud. There in a great stir In Illinois upon the subject of good roads. The great Hithusiastu created by a series of coun ty and district convent ions held during the fall In different parts of the state culminated In a state convention held recently at Springfield in connection with the state fair. "If we can evolve a method by which we can gjve every farmer a good road to his farm and market and school- Imuse, we will have taken one worthy step in the great closing era of the nineteenth century." Such were the words of Professor Ilunnicut on behalf of Governor At kinson of Georgia in his address of welcome to the national road parlia ment at Atlanta in October, 1895. Pro fessor Ilunnicut made another strong point when he said, "The annual loss that comes to farmers by reason of bad roads is beyond computation." General Roy Stone, director of the office of road Inquiry, department of agriculture, said the other day that more activity is now being displayed in road improvement than has been shown for years. At the present time no state seems to be tackling the good roads proposi tion with more vigor and earnestness than Illinois. During the last summer US ENGLISH I'.OAD. Miss Bella C. llarber, secretary of the State and Interstate Good Roads and I'ublic Improvement association, trav eled extensively through Illinois. The State and Interstate Good Roads association, represented by Miss Ilar ber, embraces 22 or more states and is the outgrowth of a state convention held in Missouri in 1897. In her travels and missionary work to promote the sentiment for good roa !s in Illinois Miss llarber claims to have been very successful in enlisting the co-operation of commercial bodies iv different towns. Among farmers, however, sin* had some difficulty in ex plaining that the association she repre sented was working not for hard roads, but for good roads. The average farm er, she found, easily became frightened at the proposal for hard roads, for that makes them think of macadam, which would mean increased taxation. In a recent address Miss Harber said: '"Our sole aim at present is to make good soft roads, which in years to come will furnish foundations for good hard roads. As an association we regard our work as experimental and educational. We aim to have at each of our conventions manufacturers and machines for constructing sample pieces of road, that farmers may see in a practical demonstration how a road should be built to be of value to the community. The object lessons show how a road should be built so that wa ter will drain off, how culverts should be constructed and arranged in order properly to fulfill their mission and how really inexpensive it is to make good roads when the work Is done in telligently and systematically. "We do not intend to increase taxa tion one penny, for we know that the $4,000,000 annually expended by Illi nois is sufficient to build good roads throughout the state. But we do ask that the farmers will let the state do the work according to an approved sys tem and not work out their poll tax by pretending to build good roads, not that they do not mean to do their best, so far as they know or have the abil ity, but they have not the facilities and cannot do the work as it should be done. "We know that under the proper system a goo^ rural road can be made for less money than it now costs. We want, if possible, to see the poll tax re duced to $1. but want the farmer to pay that dollar into the state treasury, instead of working it out, as is vow the case, and we expect to convince him that it will be to his advantage to do it." Professor W. C. Latta of Purdue university, Indiana, has pointed out that permanently good roads would prove financially beneficial to farmers in these ways. They would economize time and force in transportation be tween farm and market, enable farm ers to take advantage of market fluc tuations in buying and selling, permit transportation of farm products and purchased commodities during times of comparative leisure, reduce wear and tear on horses, harness and ve hicles and enhance the market value of real estate. Tt is certain that as long as rural roads remain as they are rural free mail delivery will often be a physical impossibility. General Stone states that one of the latest electrical car riages, or automobiles, for two persons weighs only a little over a ton, includ ing passengers and battery. One horse power will move this vehicle over a good stone road at 15 miles per hour, or 1,000 miles per week, by daylight! This gives a journey of 1,000 miles for two persons for $1, or at the rate of about one-fortieth of the cost of rail way travel. This is progress enough In the art of transportation to suffice for a few years at least. THE ALKALI TROUBLE. Various CauNen and Remedies —A Vital Matter to the VVeMt. The department of agriculture Las continued its work of Investigating and mapping the alkali soils of the irri gated districts of the west, with re sults at once, interesting and prac tically important to the Irrigation farmer. Noting the work of the divi sion of soils in his report just issued, Secretary Wilson says: The trouble from alkali is due pri marily to the large amounts of solu ble salts generally present in all soils of an arid region. The rainfall is not BUfflclent to carry off the salts as they lire set free in the decomposition of the rocks. These salts are naturally dis tributed throughout the soil and for a few years are not harmful. With the application of irrigation water, how ever, in the intensive cultivation of crops the excess of water accumulates and Is liable to fill up the subsoil, and this, together with the rapid evapora tion in an arid climate, shifts the salts until they gradually accumulate at or near the surface in such quantities as to be beyond the endurance of crops. The natural drainage has of course a great influence on such an accumula tion of both seepage waters and alkali. Another, and perhaps the most im portant, cause of the rise of the sub soil water and accumulation of alkali is in the leakage or seepage from canals. As such damage is liable to be widespread it is a matter for serious consideration whether canal companies should not be required to protect their ditches from undue loss and individ uals be restrained from overirrigation or made liable for damages in civil suits. Another source of trouble is in the use of water for irrigation containing too large a salt content. Such action only invites widespread suffering and loss to the settlers. In some districts the condition of the water can he controlled in a large measure by the water companies. Res ervoirs are frequently lowered for re pairs or for cleaning out at the begin ning of a long dry period, and the re maining water concentrates by evapo ration until it is really unfit for irriga tion if the Inflow is small and the usual Hoods are delayed. Furthermore, the first liood after a long dry spell often brings down great quantities of alkali which have accumulated on the water shed during the dry season. Frequent ly these first Hood watt-is should be diverted from the reservoirs in order to prevent serious damage to the com munity. When the alkali contains considera ble quantities of carbonate of soda, the usual remedy is. heavy applications of gypsum, with drainage, If necessary, to insure thorough aeration of the laud. When the other alkali salts or seepage waters have accumulated in excessive quantities, drainage is necessary. So sudden and unexpected is the damage from the rise of seepage wa ters and alkali that estates worth thou sands of dollars may have to be aban doned iv two or three years, with an utter depreciation of value. The matter of artificial drainage as a moans of preventing damage and of reclaiming alkali lands has been so of ten advocated without attracting the attention necessary to induce action and the matter is of such vital impor tance to the west that I have recom mended to congress an appropriation of $10,000 for the purpose of actually demonstrating the practical utility uf the different methods of treating such lands. Soils of the Peeos Valley, Xew >lex ieo. Circular No. 3 of the division of soils, department of agriculture, eon- [ cerns the soils of the irrigated districts | of the l'ecos valley, N. M., the extent { of and damage from alkali and seep ; ing waters and methods for prevention ! of farther damage and reclamation of land already abandoned. An Item In Forestry. The following method of measuring the height of a standing tree is recom mended in a bulletin of the department of agriculture for its simplicity: At some distance from the tree, where both top and base are readily visible, place a pole from four to live feet long (SP) perpendicularly in the ground. Put in the ground another and longer pole (DE) at some distance from the first one, so that the poles and tree are situated in the same vertical plane. Sight from the top of the smaller pole the base and the top of the tree and note the points where your lines of vi sion intersect the longer pole. Meas ure the distance between them; meas- / im£.-\f- C 1 -.^^^m^^ MEASUBUfG THE nEIGnT OF A TKEE. ore also the horizontal distance be- tween the small pole and the tree and that between the two poles. Multiply ! the first distance by the second and di vide by the third, the result being the height of the tree f abxSC\ V Sc /' Example: Let the distance bet-ween the points where the lines of vision in tersect be (5 feet, the distance between the pole and tree 30 feet the distance between the poles 2 feet; then the height of the tree equals— - =$0 feet COLFAX GAZETTE, COLFAX, WASHINGTON, JUNE 8, 1900. . NEW JAPANESE ANEMONE. .\ Hose Colored Variety of Tbta Hardy Autumn Flowering l'lunt. The accompanying illustration gives a very faithful representation of the Queen Charlotte, a fine new form of Anemone japoniea, concerning Avhich American Gardening says: The many attractive qualities of the Japanese anemone are sufficient^ familiar to our readers to enable them to appreci ate the distinctive merits of this pres ent variety by a reference to the illus tration with the information that the color is a clear bright rose. It is indeed a valuable addition to our list of fall flowering hardy herba ceous plants, lending a bright color not ANEMONE QUEEN" CHARLOTTE. commonly to be met with at this sea son, rianted in clumps in the fore ground of shrubbery or as masses on the lawn, Anemone japoniea and its varieties make striking subjects and not only afford color in the garden dur ing the fall months, but also give a pro fusion of bloom for cutting. The present variety is a vigorous grower and comes into flower consid erably earlier than the type, the indi vidual blooms measuring three to four Inches across, while the plant itself at tains a height of two to four feet. The well known varieties Honorine Joubert (single white) and Whirlwind (double white) are companion varieties of the one species which has pink flowers. Why Apples Keep Badly In ( ellars. The most important condition In stor ing apples is the temperature. The storage room should be kept very near the freezing point, ranging preferably from 33 degrees to 35 degrees P. Even a degree or two below freezing will or dinarily do no damage. Temperatures Which will ruin potatoes and other veg etables are entirely favorable to apples, and conversely temperatures which are suitable to potatoes are too high for apples. According to the Vermont sta tion, this last consideration explains why a great many folks have difficulty in keeping apples in their cellars. The same cellar which keeps vegetables perfectly will not give best results with apples. This is something to which every farmer especially ought to give atten tion, for every farm certainly ought to raise apples enough for the family. Even if there is no fruit to sell, there ought to be enough to furnish a full supply throughout the winter. The Object of Mulching Strawberries. Concerning the "winter overcoat" of the strawberries The Rural New York er's Hope Farm man has said: We tried forest leaves, fine manure, coarse manure, stalks, marsh hay and cowpea vines. We liked the pea vines best of all. We must not forget that the ob ject of a mulch is not to keep the plants warm. The strawberry is a cold blood ed plant and does not need to be warm ed. The mulch is needed to prevent the soil from freezing and thawing too of ten. It Is an old story that when the soil freezes it opens or separates a lit tle. When the frost goes out of it, the soil contracts. This lifting and settling will throw out the strawberry plant and expose its roots. The mulch pre vents it by keeping the temperature of the soil more uniform and thus causing fewer changes from freeze to thaw. "Wisconsin's Cranberries. In Wisconsin this has been a banner year for the cranberry growers. Ac cording to all reports, there has never been such a crop grown in former years, nor one harvested in better shape. In the Crannioor district at the lowest estimate the net profit this season will be at least $100 an acre. The cranberry grown in Wisconsin is different from that grown in the east ern bogs. While northern Wisconsin produces more -wild cranberries than any other area in the country, there are only two varieties grown there that are being marketed, the great bulk of the stock being grown from planted vines since the forest fires of previous years destroyed nearly all the wild vines, gays The Fruit Growers' Journal. Hot Water Cure For Insects. Etc. An English gardener claims to have destroyed mildew and nearly every in sect pest that fruit or flower is heir to by spraying with water heated to from 130 to 143 degrees. Blight, red spider, black aphis, green fly, white fly, beetle, hop louse, thrips, scale and mealy bug all yielded readily to its power. Only the blue flea was unconquered. Being "provided with wings and possessing extraordinary jumping powers, it does not wait long enough for the spray to reach It." Propagation of Mistletoe. In the old world mistletoe Is said to be propagated by birds. They eat the sticky berries and then clean their bills on the branches of the trees. The sticky seeds, thus fastened to the branches, sprout and grow. As good authority as Meehan does not know of any attempt to propagate the mistletoe In America- MATING TURKEYS. An Eipert Glvea Valuable Informa- tion on This Subject. As to shape of torn and hens to breed from, I select large beads and feet, long body, long neck, held well up, and a broad back and breast, with long shanks. A short turkey will fatten earlier and look larger when not fully matured than the rangy one, but the tatter will make the weight at matur ity much heavier and will produce lar ger turkeys. I select hena the same way, yet if they are specially well marked and good in weight I would uot discard them if not quite a3 tall as I like them to be when pullets. 1 am sometimes disappointed in pullets, but cannot remember that I ever have been in a torn —pullets sometimes are tio larger at 12 than at 1 year old. They often stop growing at 1 year, while a torn never does. Other pullets grow until they are 2 aud o years old. My method of mating is simply this: Select the very best torn possible, and in females do not discard a very line marked one because it is not quite as large as desired. By this I do not mean that I breed from small boned females. There are some larger than others in all tiocks of the same age, and I should uot advise the use in the breeding pen of an undersized female or a runt; nor should I discard from my breeding yard an extra largo fe male she is uot quite up in fancy poiuts, for the reason that the torn will overcome to some extent the defects. The well marked female will produce large stock from the mating with a large torn, and the one not so well marked will produce evenly mark ed young from the mating with a well marked torn. Yet these must be ex ceptional cases, for it will not do for a fancier to have many females in his breeding yard that are not well mark ed and very large. By undersized we mean pullets, for, if at 2 years old a hen is not an average size, 1 should discard her unless there were some special point I wanted to impress on my flock. I once had a red legged turkey pullet. She was not large when young, but her legs were almost too deeply colored to be called pink. I bred from her as long as she lived or, I should say, until she was stolen. I could tell the turkeys from her eggs. They were a good size and invariably had pink legs when young, though not as deeply colored as were hers. From this hen I got that line of breeding which gives in some of my yards pink legs in young stock. I can tell it wherever I find it. But this is the only female I ever kept that was under size after she was a pullet. It is better if the breeding yard can be made up entirely of extra large, well marked birds, but so many persons ask me about mating that I have given these opinions.—Mrs. B. G. Mackey in Relia ble Poultry Journal. Feeding Millet to Breeders. Be careful how you feed millet to the breeding fowls, if they are confined es pecially. In a communication to Amer ican Poultry Journal last fall I advised all who could to secure a quantity of unthrashed millet and to use it as scratch material in the pens during the winter. It was thought that the man ner of the proper use of this material was made plain, but it seems not. A few days ago I was in the western part of lowa and called upon a fancier friend. He had written me that his fowls were "off;" that they did not seem to relish any feed, and that he could not Induce them to eat or take exercise. I found conditions just as he described. The reason was very plain. Upon the floor of each pen was a cov ering of millet straw several inches thick. The fowls had thrashed the millet, and I believe there was at least a half peck of pure millet seed next the floor in each pen. The fowls had be come "stalled" by reason of eating too much millet and of course were "off feed" and dumpy. Our good friend had simply used too much millet and not enough judgment. Millet Is a very strong food. Had he used ordinary straw as a scratch material and occa sionally put in a little of the millet all would have been well. It is a grand food, but, like everything else, must be fed properly.—Thomas F. Rigg in American Poultry Journal. Tonlonse Geese. The Illustration, which is copied from The Poultry Keeper, Is made from a photograph of a pair of prize winning Toulouse geese bred and owned by Pine Tree farm, at Jamesburg, N. J. The goose here shown laid 44 eggs be fore she became broody. Toms and Their Mates. The number of females allowed to a torn depends upon the age and vigor of the male bird. I have used as many as 15 females with one torn and had good results, and again I have read of as many as 20 females being mated to one torn with entirely satisfactory results. I have used two toms with a flock of 22 hens, allowing only one male at a time to run with the flock, keeping the other male shut in one of my chicken pens entirely away from the rest of the turkeys. The results from these methods were very satis factory. Later on, when a number of the hens took to sitting or were with broods of turkeys, only one male was needed. Ido not think It best to mate as many females with a young torn as with a torn 2 or more years old.—Mrs. F. A. Hargrave In Poultry West PirniiKo l'r<>|>li<M-l<-«. Clement V and Pbilip IV procured the condemnation of Molay, tlie grand master of die Templars, to the stake. As l.i 1 was led to execution Molay cited his persei utors to appear before God's throne, the king within 10 weeks and the ji iii.' within 40 days. Within those respective times both died. Rienzl, the last >■! ;ii" tribunes, condemned to deatli lia Moriale. When ho had pn> iioiiiiti d the sentence, tin- culprit sum moned the judge to inert death himself Within the month, and within the Month [iienzl was assassinated. lii 15<o Nanning Koppezoon, a Ro- ! man Catholic, tortured to death during the religious strife in the Netherlands, j recanted his extorted confession when ' on the way to the scaffold. A clergy man, Jurian Epeszoon, tried to drown his voice by clamorous prayer. The victim summoned him to meet him within throe days at the bar of God, and Epeszoon went home nml died within that time. While at the stake Wishart openly denounced Cardinal Beaton: "He shall be brought low, even to the ground, before the trees which have supplied these fagots have shed their leaves." The trees were but in the bravery of their .May foliage when the bleeding body of the cardinal was hunt,' by his murderers over the battle ments of St. Andrews. — Chambers' Journal. A Life and Death Piffbt. Mr. VV. A. Bines of Manchester, la., j writing of his almost miraculous escape from death, says: "Exposure after measles induced Heriouß lung trouble, which ended in Consumption. I had frequent hemorrhages and coughed night and day. All my doctor* naid I must Boon die. Thrn I began to use Dr. King's New Discovery which wholly cured me. Hundreds have used it on I my advice and all say it never fails to j cure throat, chest and lung troubles." Regular size 50e and $1.00. Trial bot- i ties free at The Elk Drug Store. F. J. Stone, Prop* Sewing machine needlen and repairs, all kindn, nt Ivonoirn. See GaioM* IJarn and roof paint, only 00c per gal lon, at Economy. See (iaines. (iood steel windmill, only $L'U See Gamep 0 Call on H. W. Qorr for Inhiuanck. Some Reasons Why You Should Insist on Having EUREKA HARNESS OIL (Jnequaled by any other. Penders hard leather soft. Especially prepared. K<-'<-"I)S out water. j\ heavy bodied oil. Harness An excellent preservative. Reduces cost of you*- harness. Never burns the leather ; its Efficiency is increased. Secures best service. Switches kept frum breaking. |s sold in all Localities Manufactured hy Standard Oil Ciunpnnv. I! Hiram Mitchell Auctioneer. Will pay prompt attention to advertising and posting bills for all sales put in my hands. Free corralg at Coif ax for Btock brought to me to sell. Parties at a distance will find it to their advantage to communicate with me be fore fixing dates or making final arrangements for sales. CalJ on or address me at Colfax, and your sale will receive prompt and careful attention. If you wish to Advertise In Newspapers . . . ANYWIIKRE AT ANYTIME call on or write E.C.Dake's Advertising Ajjfcy. 64-65 Merchant's Kxchangt", Pan Francisco, Calif. Notice of Settlement of Final Ac count. In the superior court of Whitman county, state of Washington. Iv the matter of the estate of S. I. Brockway, deceased. Notice is hereby given that L. T. Broekway, administrator of the estate of S. I. Brockway, deceased, lias rendered and presented for set tlement and filed iv said court his final ac count of liie administration of said estate, and that Monday, the 25th day of June, 1900, at the hour of 10 o'clock a. m. of said day. at the court room of said court, in the City of Colfax, Whit man county, state of Washington, has been duly appointed by the said court for the settle ment of said iiorount, at which time and place any person interested in said estate may appear and file his exceptions in writing to "said ac count and contest the same. Dated, May 21st, 1900. W. W. RENFREW, County Clerk. By Ed. Kennel, Deputy. Chndwick and Bryant, attorneys for estate. Notice for Publication William A. Adams. Land Office at Walla Walla, Wash., June 4th, WOO.—Notice is hereby given that the following named settler has filed notice of his intention to make final proof in support of his pre-emp tion declaratory statement. No. 7121, and that said proof will be made before \Vm. A. In man, U. S. commissioner, at his office in Colfax, Wash., on July 19, 19(0, viz: William A. Adams, who made pre-emption declaratory statement No. 7124, for lots 1 and '_', and S ', NK'4, Sec. 5, Tp. 14, N. R. 42, E. W. M. He names the following witnesses to prove his continuous res idence upon and cultivation of said land, viz: Henry Coply, of Colfax, Wash., Henry Hick man, of Almota, Wash., Geoige Johnson, of Colfax, Wash., Jacob H. Stevick, of Almota, Wash. JOHN M. HILL, Register. Estray Notice Taken up by the undersigned, residing two miles west of Thornton, the following de scribed animal, the same being breachy: One light gray filly, 3 years old, weight about 10C0 pounds, no brand visible. Unless claimed by owner and charges paid, said animal will be sold according to law. Dated, May 29, 1900. JOHN Di YOUNG, P. O. Thornton, Wash. Bay horse, four white letjs and white ctnp in face, barbed wire scar in muscle of fore leg, 12 or 15 years old, branded Z with bar above on left shoulder. Last seen at Alex Hick roan 'a place. Any information or return to Pacific Coast Elevator Co., Pullman or Colfax, will be rewarded. 1900 There is e-very good reason why St. Jacobs Oil should cure RHEUMATISM NEURALGIA LUMBAGO SCIATICA for the rest of the crattlfy. One par amount reason i^ —it <'.■ <e» cure, SURELY AND PKOMPTLY Webster's i |1| n tern ational? | V*^CA Dictionary of ENGLISH. J Biography, Geography, Fiction, etc. J Skcii tutor of the Unaliri i Favorite in Washington, % Governor J. R. Rogers suj ■ not too strongly rvcominetMl M for the 5 family and t In* b< (me." The State Supreme Court uj -: " \\v 5 consider 11 by far the u--t ilictiouur} in £ existence. 11 jj State Supt. of Schools, F. J. Brown 5 says: "It Is alrrail) BiipplHil in our J sclmols iiiul 11n'iv is no imli n-1 1111 ■! 11 111 1 1 £ Bary to secure Its rtuj in tin- State." \ iousandsi.r~iniil.irii-inii.il! I in possession of 11»- |>üblisliei . y^?l%^\ W You Are Interested > / SKIER'S \ '7at M I \DICTIQ.V^!{V/ Publishers, J Springtield, Mass. * GET THE BEST. Buy Your Groceries C....0F... A.. E. Fonts, WILCOX, WASH. Koiklm first el—. llitrhent pneea paid for farm produce. J. W. CAIRNS, Express and Drayman Will haul your freight or mova jam f?oods and -hnttfth PROMPTLY-CARKFULLY. GAZKTTH CLUB LIST. Payable in advance. < 'olfax < lazettfl and American Economist, New York American Gardeninr, New York ."'_'.::(> Argonaut, San Francisco.. Bulletin, Sunday, San Francisco . L...0 Call, Weekly, San Francisco 2.2Ti Cosmopolitan Magazine, New Ynrk ... 2.35 Century Magazine, Nt-w Yoik Chronicle, Weekly, San Franciaoo . . 2.t; r. ED(|uirer, Weekly, Cincinnati 2 OS Examiner, Weekly, San Frandaen _' • • Farm and Fireside, Springfield, () ... . 1 id Globg-Democrat.Twice-aVVeek.St. I.oiii* 2.30 Harper's Magazine, New York . 4.1"> Harper's Weekly ... 4.75 Harper's Bazar 4.75 Inter Ocean, Weekly Chicago 1 !«i Leslie's Illustrated Weekly. New York 3.6S Lippincott'.s Magazine, Philadelphia 3.56 Ledger, Weekly, Tacoma 2 30 Munsey's Magazine, New York 2.40 McClure's Magazine. New York L' 35 McCall'd Magazine, New York 1.85 Northwest Horticulturist, Tacoma . . 1.85 National Tribune, Waxhingt d 2 l"> Northwest Magazine, St. Paul 2.55 Oregonian. Weekly. Portland .. 2.65 Orange Judd Farmer, Chicago 2.30 Public Opinion, New York Post Intelligencer, Weekly, Seattle 230 Review of Reviews Magazine, New York 3.55 Ranch and Range, Seattle 206 Scribner'n Magazine, New York 4.05 St. Nicholas Magazine, New York 4 06 Scientific American, New York 1.0", Tribune, Weekly, New York 2.20 Tribune, Semi-Weekly 2.85 The Forum, New York 4 ir. Toledo Blade, Toledo O LB€ The Housekeeper, Minneapolis L 96 Traveler, Weekly, Boston . 1 95 The <^ueen of Fashion, N<-w York 1 - , Womankind, Springfield, O 1.c." World, Thrice-aWeek, New York. . l'.j>) Woman's Home Companion, Springfield 2.06 Youth's Companion, Boston (new nibs) . 2.80 If the periodical desired is not in above list, apply to The (Jazette for rates. THE GAZETTE Prints the News, (Foreign, National, State, County, Local) Tells the Truth. i