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*p 1 ,WH^ 1 mH|lV f" .jjjj^^fB^p. TBTLTDFH? -mm. w/wawwS' A* PT SADD1XBACK MOUHTVMH i ANY person who has trav eled through the Berkshires, that glorious range of hills that stretches from Vermont across Massachusetts into Connecticut, long famous for their historical and literary associations, what a wealth of pleasurable emotions is called up by the very name. The Berkshires! The name stands for scenic beauties to be found no where else life-giving breezes strolls to the homes of famous authors and other historical figures vast estates of multimillionaires scenes of battle with Indians and, withal, glimpses of many vast industrial plants, says the Boston Herald. It means, too, that the person who Is familiar with books may conjure up Longfellow's "The Old Clock on the Stairs," or Beecher's "Star Pa-* pers," or Holmes' "Elsie Venner," or the kindly faces of James Russell Low ell, Doctor Channing, Herman Mel ville, and many other literary men, who spent their summers among these hills and wrote many of their most famous books in this enchanted re gion. Berkshire is the most western coun ty in Massachusetts. It touches three states Vermont on the north, New York on the west and Connecticut on the south. It is 50 miles long and con tains an area of about 950 square miles. The scenic delights of the Berkshires, however, do not stop at the state boundary lines. They extend to the Hudson river valley in the em pire state, to the Green mountains of Vermont and the charming rolling country of western Connecticut. In the early days this entire re gion was the scene of struggles with the Indians it did its full part in the war of the American revolution, and it is today a country of beautiful homes, and noted for its remarkable manufacturing development. Perfect Motor Roads. It is covered with a network of perfect automobiling roads, so built that their grades are not difficult in traversing the most mountainous sec tions. Jacob's ladder and the well known Mohawk trail are the scenic route for the tourist by motor there are trolley lines throughout the en tire region, and by-paths and trails for the pedestrian or the horseman, all of which offer a great variety of pleasures. Pittsfleld and North Adams are cen ters from which to start if it is the in tention to make a tour of the Berk shires, although one may leave from almost any point and find no difficulty in reaching a destination. There is one trolley line, beginning at Canaan, Conn., that traverses the entire region, passing through twenty cities and towns in four different states. The tour from Pittsfleld to Great Barrington, or further on to Canaan, is delightful. In Pittsfleld one may .see the site of the meeting house over which "Fighting Parson Allen" pre sided when he led the men of Berk shire to the battle of Bennington. It was in Pittsfleld that the first agricul tural fair in America was held and here General Lafayette was royally entertained on his farewell visit to America. In Pifetsfield, too, is the house known to every reader of Long fellow, that of his father-in-law, in which stood "The old clock on the stairs.'' On the road to Lenox is the house occupied by Oliver Wendell Holmes, with its famous "Holmes' pine," un le which the poet often wrote. A little further on is "Arrowhead," the home of the late Herman Melville, where the Indians used to rendezvous. Near here are the Canoe meadows on the Housatonic, where the Indians moored their canoes when visiting the burial places of their ancestors. On every hand are the beautiful summer estates of those who have Inherited or acquired great riches. Up and Over Jacob's Ladder. Lee presents many points of inter est. Here is the mill in which was made the first wood pulp paper ever used in America here is the marble quarry, now abandoned, from which was taken the stone used in the erec tion of the two wings of the national capitol at Washington. From other quarries here were taken 250,000 head stones purchased by the government to mark the graves of ita soldier dead. Lee was the scene of one of the num erous skirmishes of Shay's rebellion, and is a very attractive village. From Lee tne motorist may enter the popular Jacob's Ladder route to Springfield and the East, a route tBat formerly was a terror to every driver because of its steep grades and its ruts and rain-gouged holes. Now it is a fine new highway, as fine as any mountain highway in Europe, and crosses the backbone of the Hoosac range. In the olden days its formida ble hill, with a grade of 22 per cent on one side and 17 per cent on the other, offered many difficulties to even the most powerful automobile. Now, however, through the expen diture of $400,000 by the state, this hill is avoided by a sweeping semicir cle at low grade. It is a beautiful road, with a shallow stream rippling over stones and pebbles, and deep pools picturing the tree-covered slopes of the hills. It skirts broad ponds, passes over concrete bridges, crosses "divides," winds through forests and along the sides of deep gorges, and is continually bringing into view new scenic delights. Where Grover Cleveland Fished. From Lee, too, it is easy to reach the Tyringham valley, one of the most beautiful of the many valleys in the Berkshires. It was the summer home of Richard Watson Gilder, and where Grover Cleveland spent many a sum mer in the enjoyment of the trout and pickerel fishing which this re gion affords. There is a tradition that Tyringham was the place where the white man first learned the manufac ture of maple sugar, being initiated into the secret by the Indians. If one wishes to visit wild country go to Bear-Town mountain. It was famous at one time as the residence of Levi Beebe, the weather prophet, and here also lived Colonel Jackson, the Revolutionary soldier who wrote the articles of capitulation at Sara toga and at Yorktown which xtere signed by Burgoyne and Cornwallis. To Stockbridge is a pleasant drive and an interesting one, for here may be seen the "Ice Glen," in which there is a deposit of ice the year round also Laurel hill, upon which the first village improvement society was es tablished. Stockbsldge was where the first industrial school in America was started where Jonathan Edwards preached and wrote his "Freedom oi Will" where Cyrus W. Field lived when he planned the Atlantic cable, and where David Dudley Field, the jurist, and Supreme Court Justice Field lived. It contains a monument the like oi which is to be found nowhere in Amer icaa monument erected by white men in honor of the red men. Stand ing on the heights which are crowned by this monument a beautiful view oi the Housatonic river is obtained, as it winds among the meadows of Stock bnidge. GOOD HUMOR IS CONTAGIOUS Petty Vexations of the Day Disap. pear Quickly If Met With a Smile or a Laugh. "Nothing in the world is so con tagious as good humor." It may cost a little effort to keep oneself good-humored in the midst of all the petftr vexations that occur daily, but if one has the habit of making light of these trifling annoyances, half of them will disappear. The annoyance will be but for a moment and cleared up with a smile or a laugh. Permit ting these small vexations to take hold of your spirits is a mistake, says the Milwaukee Journal. They wear out nerve and temper and bring permanent frowns to the face. They impair good health. They unfit one for present du ties which must be performed in a cheerful, genial frame of mind. Work done In a sesentful spirit never reaches perfection. It miss"3 the finer per sonal touches, which one gives when In hearty, free, genial humor. Giving way to vexation takes from courage and self-confidence, and this is evident in one's work. Then make an effort to keep cheerful, whatever the little aggravations may be. The more you al low yourself to be disturbed by trifled, the greater they will appear to you and the more of them will possess you. "Those who make us laugh are great." If you try to seem happy you help yourself to becoi^ so. Fellowship and Service. Fellowship with Christ must ante date service for Christ. Our friend ship with the Master is the secret of our activity for the Master. To know this atmosphere of personal commun ion with him is the highest culture of which the soul is capable.Donald Sage Mackay. /I.J PP 'Yr THE TOMAHAWK, WHITE EARTH, MINN. Universal Military Service in Line With All the Nation's Traditions By CHARLES J. BONAPARTE, Former Attorney General of United States It is often asserted, and yet more frequently assumed, in the discussion of current events, that compulsory military service is something new and unheard of in the United States something more or less at variance with the traditions of our early national life and with the practice and counsel of our country's fathers. This is not merely untrue it is precisely the reverse of the truth. Those who now advocate the enrollment as sol diers and sailors of all our citizens fit to bear arms are urging a return to principles universally accepted and applied during the first fifty years of our national history, as well as in our entire colonial period, and fully sanctioned by laws in force today and which have been in force, in substantially their present form, from the very foundation of our government. An American mother who says she didn't raise her little boy to be a soldier in the day of the nation's need, if she knows her country's past history and her country's present laws, must know aiso that she says, in effect, she didn't raise him to be an American citizen, in the full and honorable sense of the word that she has taught him to shirk a part of the duties of a citizen, and precisely that part of those duties which all mankind have ever deemed it most disastrous to the state and most bhameful and dishonorable to the man himself that he should shirk. Production of Farm Machinery and the Labor Supply Must Be Protected By CHARLES S. BRANTINGHAM Chairman Executive Committee, National Implement and Vehicle Association The truth is that unless prompt action is taken by the government, our country is headed straight toward the same mistakes that have resulted in compelling our allies to appeal to us to save them from famine. Unless we protect the production of labor-saving farm machinery and the supply of skilled farm labor, we, too, must soon face a shrinkage of food supplies. Anybody can realize how calamitous that would be in the military as well as the economic sense. We are now confronted by shortages of raw material and factory labor that will begin t be manifest in shortages of certain lines of farm machinery this fall and will result in serious shortages in many vital lines next year. Stocks on hand in important kinds of tools and machines are smaller than in normal years, because of earlier scarcity of factory labor and a rapidly tightening scarcity of all raw materials. Present and pro- spective conditions as to both elements make it certain that the shortage of our output will soon be serious. For the last ten years farm labor has been more and more difficult to secure, and now, with an enormous increase in the demand for labor in munition factories, and the withdrawal of many young men from pro- ductive occupations, there is bound to, be a shortage of farm labor such as this country has never known. We regard it as vital to keep on the farms the men now there who know the business, especially the men trained in the use of labor-saving machinery. It would be wasteful and foolish to let them go and after- ward try to replace them with unskilled men. We seek no advantage for our industry over any other, but we realize that without this product and without sufficient labor the farmers of the United States cannot increase, or even maintain, their production of foodstuffs next year. These are the measures that we declare to he vital to the feeding of this nation and its allies next year: 1. That the manufacture of farm materials be given equal prefer- ence with the manufacture of war munitions as regards suppli f neces- sary raw materials. 2. That service to the country in farm machinery factories be con- sidered of equal importance with service in munition-making plants, gov- ernment or private. 3. That labor on the farms be considered as of equal importance with the production of war munitions. 4. That raw materials for farming machinery and the finished goods be given equal preference by the transportation agencies of the country with munitions of war. Hoarding and Indiscriminate Parsimony Long Way From Real Thrift By S. W. STRAUS President of American Society (or Thrift "It is not the aim of thrift nor the duty of men to acquire millions. Hoarding millions is avarice, not thrift." This bit of philosophy, uttered some time ago by Andrew Carnegie, can well be applied to American life at the present time. Lack of a proper understanding of thrift has been responsible for a great deal of harm in America recently. This has been due to false economy, but people are rapidly getting around to the viewpoint that hoarding and indiscriminate parsimony are a long way from real thrift. What we all must learn is to eliminate waste. There is a great deal of difference between waste and sensible spending. The most reprehen- sible form of waste, of course, at the present time is in the matter of food. Secretary Houston has said that if only a single ounce of edible food, on the average, is allowed to spoil or to be thrown away in each of cur 20,000,000 homes, over 1,300,000 pounds of material would be wasted each day. This would be at the rate of 464,000. pounds of food a year. Think of the millions of acres of land and the thousands of people nec- essary to produce this vast amount of food! It would be a very good idea for every American home today to adopt the slogan, "Save an ounce of food a day." This is a little thing to do. It really requires no amount of self- sacriice. On the other hand, we have all been eating a little too much. Cut- ting down our rations a trifle will be good for our health. "Save an ounce of food a day." Let every American home do this ?nd we will have gone a long wVf toward the solution of our food problem. I IHTrn re*- *J^TI 5* u^Vr^V/ 3oure 1 Hote Decile THr. OCTAGONAi. STAIR TbWER. is often to some fortunate acci dent that we owe the preser \ation of an ancient town house, such as the slackening or arrest at some period of the town's prosper ity, or the acquisition of the building for the purposes of some society or in stitution more permanent in its nature Than the family. It is largely owing to causes such as these that the French city of Bourses is still so rich Mi buildings of the medieval aud Renaissance periods, says a writer in Country Life. Bourges proclaims by its name the antiquity of its importance. It is one of those tribal capitals so numerous in France, which still preserve the name of an otherwise forgotten peo ple, while the title it bore in the days of the Itoman empire has long ago passed out of use. The circumstance is all the more remarkable In this case, that it was no indistinctive "Augusta," "Caesarea" or "Coloniu," but the col tic "Avarich"Latinised "Avaricum" that was supeiseded by the designa tion of the Bituriges, which likewise survives, still further corrupted, in the form "Berry." The province of that name, occupying as it does the very center of the lealm of France, has been described as constituting a com pendium or epitome of the whole by the varied nature of its conformation and produce. Within its boundaries are to be found rocky hills and heaths, woodland and marsh, upland and low land pastures and well-watered plains, with .soils and aspects favorable for viticulture and corn growing, for the orchard, the market garden and the rearing of cattle, sheep and poultry. In addition to its yield of timber, wool, hides, hemp and all manner of food stuffs, Berry Is not lacking in iron ore, easily got. Thus provided with all the staple needs of civilization, it formed in early times a self-supporting unit, which, moreover, was largely isolated from surrounding districts by an all impenetrable fence of forest and swamp, Once Leaders In Gaul. If the true heart of France has had its seat rather in the He de France und Paris than In Berry and Bourges, there have been times when the latter, too, have formed a determining factor in the national destinies. When the jurisdiction of Rome hardly extended beyond her walls, the Bituriges held the hegemony of Gaul, and in Caesar's day their power proved one of the hardest nuts he had to crack before his conquest could be completed, while the wealth they had amassed through their position on the direct route from Italy to the ocean was an object of de sire. The town, situated on rising ground surrounded at all points but one by a belt of swamp, was strongly defended by walls and towers of tim ber and stone, on whose imposing and not unplensing mien Caesar comments. But neither natural nor artificial de fenses served to avert capture and subsequent sack and destruction. Avaricum, however, rapidly regained her prosperity under Roman rule, and abundant if fragmentary remains prove her importance as a center of art and civilization, an importance which she never wholly lost in the dark ages which followed. In the later middle ages Bourges blossomed again into a rich crop of ar tistic production, including the noble Cathedral of St. Etienne and also the great Palace of John, duke of Berry, the luxurious and art-loving uncle of tbe mad King Charles VI. which, with hi-, neighboring castle of Mehun-sur Yevre, were reckoned the wonders of. he age, but have both disappeared wifii the exception of unimportant &r. 'l^j^jftjjifi and its fragments. Later still followed the interesting group of domestic and mu nicipal architecture. It is probably no accident that it should have come into being in that same fifteenth century which saw Bourges for ft brief space once more at the center of the nation's affairs. During the paralysis of the capital and of the kingdom at large through in ternal discord and foreign invasion, the remnants of national force gath ered themselves together Into the cen tial province before the final effort to recover the lost ground. The unity of the kingdom once more assured and the royal authority ex tended the court abandoned Bourges forever for the pleasant banks of the Loire and the more stirring life of Paris, and the old provincial citynot situated on a main artery of traffic ei ther then or after the advent of rail wayssank back into a secondary plane. It lived on, not wholly un eventfully for during the wars of r liglon It suffered many thingshavoc wrought on the cathedral by Mont gomery's Huguenots, and bloodthirsty St. Bartholomew reprisals yet in the main a quiet, unexciting existence. How Hotel de Vide Was Built. It is somewhat remarkable that up to the period to which our subject be longs so important a city as Bourges, and one so given to building, shouHl have remained without a hotel fle Ville. But such is the fact, and the city fathers were content to hold their meetings In a church chapel known aa "la Comtale" from its foundation by one of the counts of Berry. This church was damaged and Its chapel de stroyed in 1487 by one of those de vastating fires so common In medieval towns, whose timber houses, crowded in narrow and tortuous streets, offered such ready food for the flames. The whole northern quarter of the city, which was then reduced to ashes, was promptly rebuilt, and the municipal authorities seized upon this opportu nity to house themselves worthily. The original building of the hotel de ville standing at the back of the court and still substantially intact was then erected. In the sixteenth century im portant additions were made. The building is rectangular, contain ing one long and one square room on each of its two floors, and an octagonal stair tower projecting into the court to connect them. The last forms the principal feature in the elevation, and on It were lavished the richest decora tive efforts. This tower was originally surmounted by an open story, or "bel vldere," to which the now useless tur ret stairs led, and which provided a point of observation over the town, useful for the detection of incipient fires. This was removed during a res toration and replaced by the present cornice and conical roof. The great hall within has a richly molded timber ceiling and is adorned by a noble stone chimneyplece. On Its mantel a frieze of quatrefoil lozenges Is decorated In every panel with a belled sheep (Brebis ekirinee) repeat ed from the arms which the city took from its cloth Industry and which were once carved on the central shield sup ported by a shepherd and sherpherdess. It was not till the middle of the seven teenth century that Bourges was granted by royal patent the privilege of bearing three fleurs de lys in chief like several other citiesAbbeville, for instance. Above the frieze dainty birds perch among the sprays of a crisply cut wreath of thistle, and high er still the masonry yet bears the traces of the lilies of France consci entiously obliterated by some repub lican enthusiast. ^-J^^^^fit'feifc^il'.