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AFTER, being in the undisputed control of the Moslems for 673 years Jerusalem once, again has come into the possession of the Christians, the Crescent has fallen and the Cross has replaced it. The decisive event of this "ninth crusade," made by the British forces under Gen eral Allenby, was the capture of Jaffa, the chief port of Palestine. Jaffa, which is also written Yafa and Joppa, and which is supposed to have been named the city beautiful, as its Hebrew name implies, has a history so ancient that its foundation and its early history are entirely lost in the mists of the past, writes Joseph Jack son in the Philadelphia Public Ledger. It is linked with the legends of Ho mer, with the'commerce of the Phoeni cians, with the mythology of the Greeks as well as with the story of the New and Old Testaments. Lying so close to Jerusalem, and for many years the real port of entry, to that inland city, it has in recent years established a very modern reputation for business, which has nothing to do with its sto ried past. Even the country in which the old city is situated has had its name changed many times. The Greeks long before the time of Christ alluded to it as Ethiopia, later it was Canaan, and finally Palestine. It has been ruled by Phoenicians, by Greeks, by Egyptian Pharaohs, by As syrian kings, by the Romans, the Sara cens, the Jews, the Arab caliphs and the Turks, to say nothing of the tem porary occupation by Christian emper ors from Germany, France and Eng land. The city of Jaffa has been besieged and taken by every newcomer for the last forty centuries whp has made the attempt on Jerusalem, but despite the fact that it often has been the scene of hostilities and that more than once its block-paved streets have run with human blood, and that once, at least, it was almost destroyed by an earth quake, the town never has ceased to be beautiful, with its hills surround ing it to the southwest covered with fruit trees, and with its own quaint stone buildings, churches and mosques. Was Held by the Pharaohs. The Pharaohs of Egypt for a time Included this ancient land in their em pire, during the reigns of Thothmes in and Amenhotep, say from about 1600 to 1400 B. C, although the Egyptian occupation seems to have lasted for quite three centuries. On the porch on the great temple at Karnak there has been discovered ref erences to the town of Ja-pu, and else where in the land of Egypt there is a reference to Ya-pu, both being Inter preted to mean Jaffa. It appears to have been the Promised Land of bibli cal times, and when this was distrib uted under Joshua, the country border ing the Mediterranean, In which Jaffa lies, was awaraded to the tribe of Dan. But the territory continued in the pos session of the Philistines until the reign of David, when the Israelites came into their own. During the time of Solomon, Jaffa played an important part, for it was there that the precious woods and met als which were brought from afar to make his temple the wonder of the world were unloaded from the puny vessels that plied the Mediterranean. All of the materials that were brought from afar entered Palestine at Jaffa and were transported overland to the hills on which the Holy City lies, where his great edifice was erected. When the Ten Tribes revolted Jaffa regained Its Independence, which had been denied it for centuries, but this freedom was scarcely enjoyed before Bammanlcar US, the king of Assyria, fell upon It and once more It felt the yoke of foreign authority. If it were renowned for no other event, Jaffa must always be famed as the port from which Jonah sailed when he tried to hide from the Lord and attempted to neglect the Lord's bust- The town was once fired by the Bo Man governor of Syria, and its destruc tion, invited by the Insurrection of the Jews, caused many of the latter to re sort So thievery, piracy and brigandage. More than 8*000 of them bad been put to the word, and the unwindw be came outlaws. Mecca foe Pnlyi ISML Vespasian put a stop to this sort of tiling by attacking a band of the thieves, and massacring move than 4,000 of them. Then be bunt a fort nd around this a new dry sprang up. Later for the first turn Jaffa became A -iheXKMof /VlHMLEM j^ Jaffa From the Sea. rf J.,.,:?5i:: HeBBBBBBWBBM virtually a Christian city. It had been pagan and Jewish by turns, but now it was raised to a bishopric. Fidus was the bishop, and he was present at the Synod of Lydda in 415 and at the Council of Ephesus in 431. It now became a place for pilgrims from Europe. For centuries they ar rived and made their way to the Holy City. Many of them landed at Ces area, further up the coast, but the biblical traditions of Jaffa caused al most all of* them to visit its pictur esque walls. In the seventh century of our era the Arabs invaded the country and then began the reign of the Saracens and Turks, which has continued, with occa sional periods of other occupation, un til the present day. In all of the eight Crusades, which began in the eleventh century and con tinued intermittently for 300 years, Jaffa was a prominent figure in the ao count3. The Crusades were begun un der the missionary work of Peter the Hermit, a French monk, who, having visited Jerusalem, found that the pil grims were unjustly treated by being taxed highly for admission to the city of their dreams, and that they were otherwise unjustly treated by the gov ernment. It was customary for most of the Crusaders to land at Acre, which, while further away from Jerusalem, seemed to offer a more direct route and a saf er landing for the ships and galleys which brought the Knights Templar and Hospitallers. Jaffa became the advanced base for most of the operations against the Sa racens and later the Turks at Jeru salem. Taken by Napoleon. Napoleon In his Egyptian campaign took the city of Jaffa, and it was there that it was declared that he left his soldiers to die of the plague, but he had his eye on posterity and had a picture painted depicting him In the convent of the Armenians going sym pathetically among his stricken sol diers, whom his enemies declared he poisoned when he was about to leave. Mehemet All took the town in 1832, and the Arabs were evicted by the Turks, who took the town eight years later, although, in the meantime it had been laid partly waste by an earth quake In 1838. The guide books will tell the modern pilgrim that he may still see the ruina of the house of Simon the tanner, now covered by a mosqque, and the pious may make the journey to that part of the town where the worthy Tabitha was raised by St Peter. He may read on a signboard, "Tabitha's Quarter," but the exact spot where her house stood has not been transmitted to this time. From a small town of about 10.00C population, the completion of the rail road to Jerusalem about twenty years ago caused the city to become Impor tant enough to boast of more than three times that number of inhabitants. The treacherous character of the en trance by sea to the town is likely to stand in the way of its future great ness, but as one of the oldest cities in the world It must always have a faact nation for the curious. Another Puzzle. "Is it possible for a person to saj something that will be a lie if it is true?" "Yes. If a liar should say 1 never told the truth In my life,' It would be a lie If It was true.** "How so?" "Because that statement would bt one Instance of his telling the truth, and thus It would be false on the face of It And if he should say the exact opposite, that would of course be a lie, too. But leave that supposition out of the question, for it may confuse you. Just remember .vhisthat if a fellow says he never trfd the truth, he must be lying." "But If he's lying then he's telling the truth, because his statement would merely be another lie. So his record wouldn't be brocea after alL" "Yes, that's true, too. You see, that proves that Ifs impossible" "Shut up! Don't ten me any more about ItTm going to worry all day as It is!"Exchange. Iter Reply. "How do yon manage to get so much work done with all the conversa tion going on?" asked a neighbor. -I stick right to my knitting." re pllen tae Med oM lady. THE TOMAHAWK, WHITE EARTH. MINN. Loyalty Is First Duty of Every Citizen of United States Today By JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS In the present emergency it behooves every Amer ican citizen to do his duty and to uphold the hands of the president and the legislative department in the solemn obligations that confront us. The primary duty of a citizen is loyalty to conn try. This loyalty is manifested more by acts than by words by solemn service rauier than"by empty dec lamation. It is exhibited by in absolute and unre served obedience to his country's call. Both houses of congress, \.ith the executive, are charged and sworn to frame those laws that are demanded by the present crisis. Whatever, therefore, congress may decide should be unequivocally complied with by every patriotic citizen. The members of both houses of congress are the instruments of God in guid- ing us in our civic duties. It behooves all of us, therefore, to pray that the Lord of Hosts may inspire our national legislature and executive to frame such laws in the present crisis as will redound to the glory of our country, to righteousness of conduct, and to the future permanent peace of the nations of the world. Appearance of the American Soldier Has Always Impressed Observers By GERTRUDE P. BISHOP Several foreign papers have remarked on the appearance of the American soldier, as a type so strongly set in its individuality that it has evoked interest in a world whose jaded vision can but picture men in khaki. What in him has gained such wide attention? It is the American lookthat expression of intensified keenness, the look connoting eager* ness, zest, andbest of allstill unsatisfied interest in the world. As far back as 1777, when Burgoyne with his Hessians surrendered to the colonial army after the battle of Saratoga, that same impression of the American expression was apparent. A Hessian prisoner wrote in his memoirs: "We passed through the American camp in which all the regiments stood under arms. Not one of them was uniformly clad each had on the clothes which he wore in the fields, the church or the tavern. "They stood, however, like soldiers well arranged and with a military air, in which there was but little to find fault. All the muskets had bayonets, and the sharpshooters had rifles. The men all stood so ctill we were filled with wonder. Noi one of them made a single motion as if he would speak with his neighbor. Nay, more, all the lads that stood there in rank and file, kind nature had formed so trim, so slender, so nervous, that it was a pleasure to look at them, and we were all surprised at such a well-formed race." If the Hessian's ghost returned today, he would still find "the slim, nervous lads that stood, in rank and file," with the same silent expression of courage and firebut now clad in khaki in place of homespun. Through this internaturalization of all peoples has come a product yet unknownthe American soldier. For the butcher's boy, the million- aire's son, the clerk, the sport and the professor have joined the army. Children of United States Can Do Much to Reduce Food Wastage By WILLIAM A. McKEEVER. Authority on Problemi of Childhood and Sociology If every child and young person in the United States can be induced to reduce food wastage to the extent of six cents per day the total will amount to a saving of $2,000,000 annually. It is estimated that our European allies are short this year to the amount of 500,000,000 bushels of grain and 30,000,000 food-producing animals. Our own stocks of these materials are the lowest in recent times. The situation calls for a shipment of at least 1,250,000,000 bushels of our grain abroad. Now, those who have plenty of other things to eat can and must cut down on their allowance of these transportable food- stuffs. Now, how may we enlist all our young people in this tremendous food drive? What lines of conservation must be especially emphasized? Apparently there is only one practical and effective method of appeal to the child for his help in this movement, and that is to arouse the juve- nile sense of fellowship and sympathy for his kind. Here we have strong racial motive. The sympathy of children for adults is weak, but for those of their age and class it is strong. The lines of food conservation most to be emphasized are: First, the wheat products second, the animal products, and third, the sugar. There must be a further reduction in the use of wheat, wheat flour, meats of all kinds, butter, fats and sugar. And a little reasoning will show how easily we can accomplish this task without going hungry. In no sense is an underfeeding of our children contemplated. That would be poor economy. There can be a change in the quality of that now carelessly used without any reduction in the body-building value. As a Matter of Wise Policy Suffrage Is Not to Be Denied to Women By FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary of the Interior I see no reason to fear woman suffrage. It has not worked disaster in California. To be sore, it is not a panacea for all political and social ills cor can any other change in the political machinery of the state be a cure-all. Nations are not made wise nor virtuous by their laws. But this ii en industrial world, and those who do the work, whether men or women, are not to be denied their opportunity for protection and advancement through the action of the state. As a matter of political philosophy suffrage cannot Ic put aside, an** a natter of wist policy it is not to be denied. Awaywardl In a say and golden peal the carillon of Notre Dame sang to the town until every eye turned toward the belfry and every foot hastened to the cathe dral door. Over the threshold paced a proces sion rich with the color and stiff with the pomp of the middle ages. As the company went up the nave, where vel vets and jewels caught added radiance from the crimson and amber of stained windows, the bells heat upon the air ngnin with a louder triumph before they at Inst fell ailent. There was good cause for the lusty strokes which the carillon ringers tugged at thcir'ropes on that pleasant day In 1507. For the new bell, the Big Bell, had come safe from the cast ing furnace the bishop in his robes was there to consecrate It, and the king himself was standing as its spon sor. When the final reverent word had been spoken that dedicated the boll at the service of God and Antwerp, Charles struck from the bronze sides one loud tone. The noise rose clear and deep through the hush of the cathedral. It floated among the dim rafters as a voice that promised bless ings and it hummed into oblivion with a slow, portentous melancholy that might well have been a presage of its doom. Big Bell Into a Furnace. For doomsday has dawned upon the big bell of Notre Dame and upon the bells of all the other steeples in Flan dersthe Germans need metal. They have taken the doorplates and piano ornaments from the homes of Brus sels and the splendid bronze horses from the Avenue Louise. They hnve taken the chimc3 from Isegnem and Koulers, from Bruges and a dozen villages. The bells are being made into guns. When next day they speak It will be In roar that means ruin to the very fields over whose harvests they so long have rung the curfew and the angelus. The bells have always meant much to Flanders. A wealthy lowland beset by greedy neighbors, the little kingdom has countless times been warned of marching enemies by the clamor from a steeple. In days of peace the Flem ish developed their chimes Into the lively lilt of the carillons which mnde th*-'*" guilds ef ringers noted through out Europe. To hold the carillons 'hey built some of the noblest towers the world has seen, nnd when the towers WPP built the Cities vied with each other in Slling them with noble bells. There were forty bronze voices in the tower of Bmges cathedral and the same number at Louvain. There were forty-four at Mallnes and almost a hundred in Antwerp's Notre Dame. Bells Roused the Towns. Every one of these had its baptismal name, as well as a popular nickname. "Thnt's Doucement,'" the villagers would say as a high tone trembled on the nlr at evensong. Or, In the dawn, vo *La Puce'.le' Is calling to mat- ins." Or as an alarm crashed forth om anxious ntaht, The Thunderer 3ere comes the enemy" Usually the alarm bell, which was os a matter of course the largest In he ehureh, belonged eot to the ca chedml, but. to the town. It jvas ranted by the mrnldpallty because the ocsfa -rr,v'd vtenl in primitive tin?3 ?be tov.-n's etfstpr.ee. No fewer *!'-.n fhrte tetfs In Notre Dame wrre V- tuvpcfty of Antwerp itself. The tf.^im^j^mas^^ (gz^2mmmmmm&mmz xm&wfo> Spire of Notre Dame, Antwerp. CROSS the pointed roofs and streets of Antwerp there fel one day 400 years ago the mellow din of bolls. burghers cocked their ears when any of these spoke, ann bade one another hearken to "Carolus" or "Curfew" or "St. Mary's." Under the name en graved on the metal there was also cut a rhymed prayer, for the people half believed that the consecrated mu sic could frighten away evil spirits. It was a summons to matins from Notre Dame that stole softly into the ears of Mary of Burgundy when she rode out of Bruges one fatal morning. The Emperor Maximilian cantered by the side of his young wife as the hunting party, hawk at wrist, went Its way to the woods at the edge of the town. Bofore angelus the ladles nnd lords came slowly back, the duch esswhite faced, but gnllantstriv ing to make light of a bad fall from IHM* horse. She was about to become a mother, nnd tho Injuries were mor tal, but for love of her husband Mary long kept that knowledge secret End of the House of Burgundy* When she died, at 25, the hopeless tolling from the belfries threw all Flanders into mourning. They burled her in the south chapel of Notre Dame, In a tomb next to that of her father, Charles the Bold. Tho last of the house of Burgundy, the two were nlso the last native rulers of the Netherlands. Their resting place Is very dear to the Flemish. It Is not likely to be spared. For the gilded effigies of father and daughter are made of the copper that Germany covets* for shells. The Ambleve still flows by Stavelot. In that fact lies a gleam of hope. How to save part of its treasure was a lesson which this village on the road to Luxemburg taught the rest of Belgium when the French revolution raged. As the vandals drew near, the townspeople rallied to protect St. Remaele's relics. St Bemacle had been bishop of Liege from 652 until (?C2. His bones were Inclosed In a case six feet long, fashioned of enam eled copper plates. The coffer spar kled with a hundred gemsberyl, opal, amethyst Into a sack the townspeo ple slipped their priceless reliquary. And they sank the cask In the water* of the Ambleve to wait the arrival of gentler times. It will be Stavelot's one stroke of modern good luck if today the coffer is again at the bottom of the stream. Money Man Also. A chauffeur is not usually unbending enough to add to his burden of dignity duties not essentially belonging to hie place, muses the New York Post Yet when recently an automobile stopped at the curb in front of a department store and the chauffeur all .In greea leaped out of his seat to stand at at tention on the sidewalk while a young woman, the only other occupant of the machine, alighted and walked to ward the entrance of the store, it did not end for him even with being chauf feur and footman. Suddenly the young woman turned as though she had for gotten something. "My money, John," she said. The roan In green reached into htt pocket, drew out a purse of feminine build, and extracted from it a roll et bills. "Twenty-live will do," she ordered. He handed the money to her ana re placed the rest of the money In the purse, which was returned to his pock et to await the next call upon it Out of style. AnneShe said that she hadtn get some warm clothes for winter. Nannow hopelessly out of style she always la I