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mk iz*., $6 ft CO-OPERATION IN CATTLE BREEDING Organization of Co-operative Bull As sociations Will Show Improved Quality of Live Stock ,^_ "Coincident with diveisified farming viu Northwestern Miimebota is the in --terest in livestock development. Moie attention is being ghen to the pro duction of a better^juality of sstock, according to O M. Riser, Northwest Expeiiment Station, Crook?ton, which is giving farmers more prohtable re turns from livestock. Most of the inferior stock seen on -our farms, is. the pioduct ot the pooily developed sire and the &ne of scrub breeding. The 1920 livestock census report from the office of the Minne sota Depaitirieut of Agncultuie (shows that in th eleAcn Northwest counties of Minnesota only 22 per cent of the bulls used are pure bred. This tact alone, of one pure-bred to every 3 5 scrubs, is evidence enough that if any breeding the hist ste is the eliniina tion of the scrub sues Co-opeiative cattle breeding rests on the forming of a co-operative bull as sociation a community where the farmers are interested in the improve ment of some one breed ot cattle. These co-operative bull associations are formed by farmers for the joint ownership, use and exchange of high class, pure-bred bulls. The bulls ,are purchased by the association from among the best herds of the breed that the community has selected to improve. These bulls are used hi the herds of the members of the associa tion regardless of whether the cows are pure-breds or grades. By the con tinued use of^ a pure-bred sire, the most common cow within two or three generations becomes the foundation animal of high grade offspring. The association bulls used on what pine bred females that are owned by in dividual members, soon inciease,s the number of pure-bred females of a quality thatth wilassociation be members of3 JAPANESE BUYING AVI RURAL ACTIVITIES AND NEW S pp OF INTEREST TO THE FARMER great progiess is to be made cattle Supreme Court Decision ^Iarks Sweep- the fnsf- rhp plinnnn- _T. mg Victory Farm Bureau Fight deshedr l^y other will find ready outside buyers. Co-opeiative bull associations have existed in Denmark since 1S74 in 1906 the number there had giown to 1093 with a total membership of 26,- 200, owning 1396 dairy bulls The first bull association in the United States was staited in 1908 by the Michigan Agricultural College On July 1, 1919, there were 7S active as: sociations in 27 states, with a total of 2978 membeis, owning 371 pure-bred bulls. The typical co-opeiative bull asso ciation as organized this countiy is composed of 15 to 30 farmers jointly owning 5 bulls. This divides the ter ritory of the association into five "Breeding blocks" and assigns one bull to each block. As many as 50 to 60 -cows may belong to the farmers in each block. A bull is kept in its blocks until his heifers are old enough to breed. A general shift of the bulls is then made. No bulf of' the association is elimin ated all are retained for breeding purposes.^ A sire becomes known by the value of his get. Many a sire has been senl to the butcher before his real value became known the bull association makes it possible to try out good sires through years of ser vice. A good sire should be useful until he is a\ least 10 or 12 years old, provided he does not become diseased or physically disabled Only high class bulls are owned by the association, as collectively, it is possible to buy a better sire. The in dividual farmer, without the means is often compelled to purchase a cheaper and inferior bull. Over a period of years, the- individual member of a bull association will have less money invested in sires than if he, as a non, member, is compelled to do in making a new purchase on the average -every three or four years, besides having the full expeilse of the "care of the ani mal. The- greatest care should be taken in selecting bulls, as inferior bulls will completely defeat the purpose of the organization. Some farmer cen trally located in each block, should be selected to take care of the bull, and each farmer should pay his share of the purchase price. In a'ddition, each farmer pays his share of all other expenses, including the support of the bulls. His share of these expenses should not exceed $10 to $15 annually. In order to avoid mistakes in or ganization, operation and selection of bulls, a community interested in such a project should get the assistance of .the county agent or livestock depart toent of the Northwest School of Agri culture. VALLEY LIVESTOCK *$** Yoshio Bakkaido of Sapporo, Hok I kaido, Japan, a representative of the Japanese Government, was a visitor ^Jto the famous Red River Valley of Minnesota about two weeks' ago and |?%vh^le here purchased 3 registered ^yearling heifers and a registered f^'yearling bull, from A. E. Palmer, of the famous Palmer farm 10 miles west of Dojothy. The stock was purchased for the Japanese government and is being shipped direct to them. It is of the milking Shorthorn strain. t,V Yoshio Hokkaido visited several of the states and. picked the best stock that could be found. His choice i. the Palmer stock speaks well for the 'stock in this immediate vicinity. A fancy price was paid foraali of the animals that were purchased, f^ Dr. A. x. Ostendorf tested fife ani mals last Saturday and on Tuesday they passed thru this city over the Northern Pacific, for St. Paul, where a number of head are being assembled for shipment direct to the Japanese rernmentRed Lake Falls Gazette, the EtumiitmtitiniiimiiimiiiiiitiiiiHiiimmiiimimiiiinnfURutniinnitiiiiimiiijiniiH* A VOICE FOR THE HOMEMAKERS Any farm that can afford a silo"can afford a bathroom and a *e'ptic-tan sewage^disposal system. Any farm that can afford a cream separator can afford a .washing -mchiue. Any tarm that can support pumping and storage facilities for th livestock can affoid running water, hot .and cold, in the nouse. Any farm, that can maintain a manure spreader can afford an elec tric lighting ^system. Any farm that can afford self-feeders for the cattle can afford vacuum cleaned and elec tric-saving devices for the women. Any farm that can justify binders, silage cutteis, hayfoiks, pumping engine?!, shreddeis, ^ide-delivery lakes, corn harvesters, potato planteis, auYl finely equipped bains can aftoid eveiy mod ern convenience for making the home a good place for woman to live, woik, rear children, and develop in them the lo\e for farm life.Heibert Quick. FARMERSW OPENiMARKET For Public Regulation By Neil H. Swanson Minnesota farmers have won a de cisive battle in their fight for public regulation of the market where their products are sold. The state supreme court has minded down a decision upholding the law by which Minnesota declared the South St. Paul livestock exchange to be an open market.n rv Th decisio affirms the right of the people to exercise* the police powers of their state government in regulat ing the livestock exchange. A as sociation of commission men, dealing in livestock at public stockyards, may be required to observe such reason able regulations as the state sees fit to impose in the exercise of its police power," the supreme court ruled. The decision of the high court was handed down in the case of Grisim against the South St. Paul livestock exchange. Geoige Grisim, a member of the exchange, traded with a non member in violation o iules*of the exchange The exchange attempted to fine him $250 for bieaking its regula tions. Mr Gusim brought court ac tion against the exchange. Undei the "open market" act passed by the state legislature last year as part of the Minnesota Farm Bureau fedeiation's legislatne progiam, the distiict court issued an older restrain ing the exchange from collecting the fine. On an appeal to the supreme couit, the decision of the lower court was sustained. The mling of the supreme court on the open market law is one" of the most important decisions ever handed down in Minnesota in a case directly involving the farmeis' business inter ests and public welfare. It upholds one of the outstanding law* enacted by the last legislature in response to an overwhelming demand from Min nesota farmers, through their county farm bureaus, for recognition of the people's right to supervise the markets where their, food is bought and sold. It means that a livestock exchange cannot prevent it members from trad ing with men who are not members. It means that a livestock exchange cannot prevent members from dealing with a co-operative commission asso ciation, established oil the terminal market by Minnesota farmers in an effort to reduce the cost of distribu tion and to stabilize prices in the in terest of both producer and consumer. It means that aai organized boycoti against a farmers' co-operative sales agency by a livestock exchange is un lawful. The Minnesota supreme court, in its opinion, referred to court decisions in volving the Kansas City exchange, quoting a statement that" the traders who were members of the exchange had never been able to resist the temptation to grasp the reins of the market and sit in the_seat of mon opoly" The record in the South St. Paul case, the opinion goes on, dis closes no abuses of the defendant's potential power over the livestock bus iness at the South St. Paul market. The exchange may ..render useful ser vices to the public by its control over its members, the court stated, "but the power it wields over them is cap able of abuse." Time and again, when the right of the people to supervise the markets where their food is bought and sold has been at issue, representatives of exchanges have argued that proposed regulations would violate the ex changes' contracts with the state, as contained in corporate charters. Now the supreme court has stated all con tracts relating to matters within the police power of the state are subject to the exercise of that power, because '"the legislature cannot surrender it or_bindsupreme the state not to exert it." ^Th court also overthrows exchange argument that the open market act deprives exchange mem bers of property without due process of law, by destroying the value of membership. Membership rights, the high court ruled, may be property, but "they are property which is subject to the police power of the state." Property rights are just as much sub ject to the police power of the people, as exercised through the state, as to the taxing power of the state, the su preme court held. '&*.<* Th decisiott-lipholdmiXtW^^ open market law is aV agricultural triumph. The first definite result^ofattacks on. the agricultural marketing laws en-| acted in Minnesota is victory for the' farmers and'for the public. It is a sweeping victory for -the Minnesota Farm Bureau federation, which or ganized and lead the fight for open markets and the right of" the people to supervise the marketing of the food PROGRAM PREPARED FORT" "CATTLE FEEDERS' DAY* battle Feeders^ Day,^i$iav $? re sults of feeding^ experiments wil be summarized by the men of.jft&^iMiimal husbandry division, JJniversifyjof Min nesota, has been set for FridayT"June UOf Sixty head of calves have been under feed'in groups lot 10 heads each since last December with a view of determining the feeding value of- dif- ferent rations and the relative merits of purebiedanbeef beef cal\res calves, high grade ,calves of mixed ^breed ing for baby beef production. The findings of this experiment and other* now being finished at University Farm will be made public on Cattle Feed ers' Day. At the forenoon sesion \V. H. Pe ters, chief of the animal husbandry division, will tell why the baby beef experiment was conducted. N. K'. Carnes will explain the feeding tiial system and the results secured. A representative of the packers will an aljze the packers' ideal baby beef steer, and a representative of commis sion firms wil give advicp as to the selection of the feeder calf? W. C. Coffey, dean of jthe uuiver*i tv's department ot ^agriculture:, An drew Boss, vice-director of the Minne sota Experiment station ^E. F. Feniu. in charge of the swine section of the animal husbandry division, and J. H. Shepperd of the North Dakota agii cultural college are on the progiam arranged for the afternoon. LOW GR4DE CYANIDE KILLS POCKET GOPHERS Prof F. L. Washburn of the divi sion .of entomology and economic zo ology, University of Minnesota, has been experimenting this spring with a low grade of cyanide coming in the form of thin flakes under the name of rodent exterminator. He finds that this material when placed in the bot tom of a branch or main burrow of a pocket gopher and the opening closed, is very effective hi clay and loamv soil, but apparently not so much so in sandy soil. The material is cheap, each dose only costing a few cents It bids fair to be 'in general use among farmers says Mr. Washburn. McGUIRE ENDS COLLEGE WORK General Manager of Creameries Agen cy Resigns University Post After 27 Years Livestock producers of southeastern Minnesota will meet at Rochester on June 20 to discuss plans for organiz ing to market their stock through a farmer-owned and farmer-controlled commission company on the Chicago' market. The meeting was called byi the Minnesota Farm Bureau federa tion at the request of the National) Livestock Producers association. This association is the outgrowth of the! Committee of Fifteen, organized by the American Farm Bureau federation] to work out plans for better market ing of livestock. John G. Brown of Indiana, president of the association, and also president "Of the Indiana Farm Bureau^ federation, will address the stockmen. rj- &-ft jit A liberal advi PRODUCERS MAKE ,*$48,O O0 PROFIT Farmers' Livestock Agenfey at outh St.vPaul Sets New IWord For Co-operation It' rJ=S|g.u- By Faim Buieau News Service A., J. McGuire, general manager of the Minnesota Co-operative Creamer ies association, Inc. has resigned his post as daily specialist of the unnja-Jaie so 1 educed numbers that we sity extension service. fhear nothmg from them. Finally the He has beenNm leave of absence parasites are killed off. Then the de- from the university college of agi icul-' structive forms begin to increase in ture for more than a year, serving as numbers until such time as the para- organization manager of the creamei- sites get in control again. This will ies association. His election as gen- account for the periodic outbreak of eral manager was announced 1st week.' many of our caterpillar pests." His resignation lrpm the extension} Nature's method of control is the service ends 27 years of work at the only method for wood lots and forest college of agriculture. areas. The caterpillar in orchards can Mr. McGuiie came to the agiicul- be controlled by the use of ordinary tural school in 1894 from a grain fai0' spray materials. Isolated shade trees in Swift county. He worked his way can be protected by bands of sticky through the school by milking" cows,' material which will pi event the cater- aud through the agricultural college pillars from reaching the limbs of the of teaching dairying in the school In tree. Th bands to be effective should 1904, he took charge of the experi- be closely watched and cleaned or re- ment station at Grand Rapids. At. newed as needed, that time, the station had a/herd of six coinniQii cows. When Mr/McGuire left in 1914, it had 60 cows, a Guern sey herd carefulry built up by use of purebred sires. Twenty years ago this summer, Mr. McGuire made an intensive study of Minnesota's co-operative creameries, beginning in Freeborn county. His report, showing that th prices paid for butter fat by the best co-opera tive creameries were so much higher than prices paid elsewhere that the difference would be enough to rebuild and re-equip the cieameries every year helped to hasten the development of the co-operative creamery system. livestock. Since Jan. 1, the farmers' sales agency at South St. Paul lias set aside a surplus of $48,183, after paying the entire co#st of operation, and handling the laigest Volume of business "on th^ market at rates considerably below the prevailing commission charges. The company alieady has paid back to its patrons patronage dividends more than $19,000, a sum larger than the total amount invested in-^its capital stock. The investigation department of the Minnesota Farm Bureau federation has compiled figures showing that the money invested by livestock producers to establish their own sales agency on the terminal market amounted to less than 45 cents apiece. In the first five months of 1922. the Central association has handled 5,849 carloads of stock the total volume of business on the market amounted to only 23,087 cars. The co-operative firm's business so far this year has been more than four times as large as that of its nearest competitor. FOREST CATERPILLARS DAMAGING SHADE TREES SILOS! SILOS! SILOS! *^,W,- .M R. FARMER:,'*,.,. Before you buy a SUo, learn about our special si proposition on our,a* Interlocking Cement Stave Silo We givfr-yoli a written guarantee. Write today. Crwkston Cement Products Co. CrSbkston, Minnesota By Farm*"% Bureau Jfews service Minnesota farmers- have set a new record for ^co-operation in^the United States. The surplus set aside by the Central Co-operative Commission association at South St. Paul in the first five months tie, he -says of 1922, and just reported to the local I acre over operating expe^ses~ for" land shipping associations throughout the in crops on the basis of prices on De- state, exceeds every former achieve- cember 1, 1921, was $1.71, or not much ment inr co-operative marketing of moie than enough to pay the taxes. Professor Pond belie\es the outlook "Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em and little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum." Many complaints of depredations by the forest tent caterpillar have been received by entomologists at Univer sity Farm. This worm is particularly destructive to the lea^ es of. the bass wood and the elm. It is fond of maple, too, and often attacks orchard trees. It does not despise locust, ash, hickory, birch, willow, poplar and var ious other .deciduous tiees. Two factors serve to keep this pest within bounds. It pioduces but one generation a year and is highly sus ceptible to various parasites. State Entomologist A. G. Juggles of Univer sify Farm says: ''Over a series of years the parasites *-eem to get the upper hand and the destructive forms We repair broken spectacles and eye glasses. Send broken lerfses we duplicate them. Make reading glass es stronger. Work guaranteed. CUT RATE OPTICAL CO. P.O. Box 1797. Minneapolis/Minn. "DEMAND and INSIST" on getting "REPUTATION" Sentjce and Quality "Flowers, Plants and Bulbs" also Sprays, and Emblems for Funeral Dec orations through local dealers. Or order direct from Duluth Floral Co., Duluth, Minn. #$$ For best results consigii 1922 wool to Iffi^KoIGi^wSrsPooI Northwestern Sale! PajiliQii: an^ & Warehous$* Agents Fargo, No. Dak. WM 'V &r, jfeoq receiptof woo| LIVESTOCK SAVES DAY f-- FOR MANY FARMERS Detailed cost accounts.kept for 1921 by university men on a group of 21 farms invsouthwestern*Minnesota show that the varterage farm in that group yielded but little more than a'bare living for the farmer. The excess ofc receipts over expenses oh the 21 farms' averaged only $772: Summarizing the results of the year's cost studies, Prof. G. A. Pond of University Farm finds that live stock was a life-saver for the farmer in most instances.. Some" money was made on all livestock except beef cat The average return per rfor the farmeii decidedly brighter than it wa a year ago. In this con nection he says: "The faimer who has had the courage and financial support to weather the depression of the last two years, who is continuing stead fastly about his business with his eyes open for every opportunity to increase his receipts and curtaiT his expenses, and who* has pioductive livestock through which to market otherwise un profitable .crops, seems in a fair way to enjoy a continuation of the increase in financial returns*that the year 1921 registered over 1920. T*he recovery may be slow but it will be sure."" ROADSIDE MARKETS WORTH CONSIDERING At the proper season many Minne sota farmers and homeinakers might do well to consider the establishment of a roadside market. Minnesota is becoming one of the leading tourist states of the union. It has all the natural advantages which attract and hold. Farmers of various eastern states have profited by setting up Joy8 years old. Jerry8 years old. Pripce11 years old. Nancy 6 years old. King7 years old. Daisy5 years old. Auction Sale! on the Mork3ssel Farm, 2 miles east of Warren, on Tuesday, Jvirve 20th Commencing at 11 o'clock A. M. 22 HEAD PURE BRED SHORTHORNS Herd Sire: Acorti Pride El To- var812095 4 Grade Cows. 2 Steer Calves.'" 3 Grade Heifer Calves. 8 Registered Cows (Shorthorn). 1 Grade Steer, 1 year old. 2 Registered Heifers, 2 year olds 13 HEAD FINE HORSES 2 Duroe Jersey Sows. 6 'Duroc Jersey Spring Pigs. 1 15-30 International Tiactor and Plow. 1 7-ft. McCoimick Binder. 1 8-ft. McCormick Binder. 1 Emerson Double Disc Drill. 1 McCormick Mower. ^i^ExtraPrice jr Fanywherr tr fcat4. gMST|h.s roadside markets and offering their ,_. produce and wares to auto tourists. Honey producers-of Conneticut have ^k found the roadside market their best -,"*z: medium for direct contact with the consumer, according to the Connecti cut-Market Bulletin. Minnesota farm- -%f i ,ers located on trunk roads can often build up a market at their door for ^*$k&v summer produce, also for dainties and *5^' delicacies prepared by Home-makers. JCJ The Sheafc prints the news from" your home town. Tell your friends and neighbors about it. Strom & Johnson Dray and Transfer Line. Dealer* in HARD AND SOEjT COAL. Office Phone, No. 188 Residence Phones, 81 and 86-J. Valley National Farm Loan Association Farm Loans made through The Federal Land Bank of St. Paul, Minn. AUG. A. JOHNSON Warren National Bank Secretary-Treasurer Warren, Minnesota 1 Registered Aged Bull, 3 years old. 1 Registered Bull, 2 years old. 2 Registered Bulls, 1 year old. ELIGIBLE TO REGISTRY: 2 Heifers, 1 year old. 2 Heifer Calves. 3 Bull Calves. Floiy4 yeais old. Bill8 years old. Queen11 years old and COLT Dan1 years old. Gypsy1 year old. Moses2 years old. FARM MACHINERY 1 Deering Hay Rake. 2 Rock Island Gang Plows. 4 Sets Work Harness. 3 Wagons. 2 Wagon Boxes. 2 Sets Bob Sleighs. 1 Harrow. Free Lunch at NoonUsual Terms of Sale. Mrs.Nj. N. Morkassel, TOBY SCHEIE, Auctioneer. WARREN NATIONAL BANK, Clerk. V~ 4*9* OWNFFP*,^YY $17.85,: Ply of FabricHeavy Tread OR poo roads, for he*vy loads, for hard use the Fisk Red-Top cannot be equaled for small cars. An extra ply of fabric and a heavy tread of extra tough red rubber,make a strong tire built to meet exacting conditions. Tune after time^one Red-Top has outworn three ordinary*tires." Its distinctive" looks indicate your selection of a high-grade tire while its extra mileage more than justifies your choice. There's a Fisk Tire of extra value in every size/ far car, truck or speed wagon %i "7s- S ^r^ #$ $$? 5?