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SUPPLEMENT THE FiS BE SSEGLE BELIEF. What Theosophists Have Done, . Are Doing, and Propose to Do. THE FOUNDRESS, MADAME BLAYATSKY. Colonel Olcntt's Work In India— Spread .'; tit the Belief In India— of the Order in the United States— A \er Nomenclature In the New Belief. Within a dozen years past new cnought forces have stirred the world, shaking popu lar credence in time-honored faiths, vivifying philosophy, challenging science, permeating literature, and thrilling the minds and hearts of thinkers with an awakened consciousness evoking echoes in the soul like chords of long- forgotten music. The oldest of the old faiths, the basis of all historic time has known, once again commanded the attention of humanity, and was hailed universally as a new thing, so long had even the memory of it been hidden . beneath layers of dogma, creed and ritual. It was called Tkeosophy, Mie name it bore in ancient Greece; the same MADAME BLAVATSKY. Tinder which, in each of five centuries past, earnest, but feeble efforts have been made in Europe to spread its knowledge. The Theosophists affirm that -while under cyclic laws prevailing in the course of evolution, it ■was inevitable that those unavailing efforts should bo made, their futility was well known beforehand to the lofty intelligences — vari ously styled "Adepts," "Masters," "Avahats," *'3lahatmas" or "Eishis" — who are the con servators of the Ancient Wisdom, and whose mission it is to eventually make it the com mon knowledge of the human race. But the present era, the last quarter of this nine teenth century, was known to them as the time when the world would be ripe for re ceiving these truths and so far accepting them that a permanent barrier would be raised against the avalanche of materialism which threatened to crush spirituality out of the heart of the race. Just why this partic ular point in time should have been fixed upon, this ending of one of the secondary cycles in the "Kali Yuga," or Dark Age (so called because in it the domination of matter ever spirit is greatest), would be difficult of explanation without such philosophic and metaphysical elaboration as would be out of place in this article. But, in an age wherein things are judged solely by their results, the wisdom of selection will hardly admit of question, when the achievements and pres ent status of theoaophy are realized. Al ready, five years ago the eminent French author, Burnouf, recognized "the Theosophio as one of the three great movements of the world." And its spread, since then, has been astonishing, its influences stupendous. ■When arrangements were making for the Parliament of ISeligions in Chicago, only a Email hall, one of the smallest, was assigned to the Theosophists. "That will be as much as they can fill," was said. But it was speed ily found that the vast "Hall of Washington," their largest, was insufficient to hold tha thousands interested in the new cult, and an other of the big halls had to be given for an "overflow" meeting. The incident was sig nificant and illustrative of tho place theos ophy has made for itself among the world's beliefs. The agent employed by the Adepts to start the movement in the Western world — accept ing the theosophic view of events — was Helena P. Blavatsky, a Russian woman en dowed with mighty energy, indomitable will, indefatigable porseveranca and truly won drous resources of learning. Many persons conversant with her extraordinary powers, credited her with a high degree of adeptship, but she never admitted that she was anything more than a "chola" — or student — assigned as a messenger to do the Master's will. It is not easy to imagine that her great books "Isis Unveiled" and "Tho Secret Doctrine," Tcere the work of any woman, or indeed of any human mind, even tho most cultured known in all the ages, and there seems to be in them at least inherent probability of in spiration from tha mysterious source to which she credited all her work. The first meeting for organization of a theosophical society was held in New York on September 8, 1875. W. Q. Judge, now general secretary of the American section of the society, was temporary chairman of that meeting, at which only sixteen persons wero present, and upon his motion Colonel Henry 13. Oloott was made permanent chairman — and subsequently president of the society. Kow, in a little over eighteen years the society has 322 active "branches" (in Amer ica, 86 ; Europe, 48 ; Australia, IS ; Asia, 175), and in addition, 39 "centers," or nucleii of branches. New ones are also forming con stantly in all parts of the world. But the number of avowed believers in the philosophy taught as theosophic is by no means limited to the membership in the society, which is comparatively small, while those whose pre conceived beliefs have been insensibly modi fled and moulded to conformity with its teachings, are yet more numerous. Infin itely various reasons exist in many minds for hesitancy in openly assuming the respon sibility of belonging to an organization which is in some regards a radical departure from orthodoxy, but the enormous demand for theosophia literature, the large audiences attracted to expositions of theosophic beliefs by public speakers, and the very noticeable influence of these teachings upon pulpit utterances, literary thought, and even direc tion of scientific research, all evidence that the world's interest finds no measure of ex pression in tho growth of the Theosophical Society, phenomenal as that is. iMm \^*^~H "^^^ * •*— 2^^^^^B r^^ m t m '^^^ 1, i l"*^"*^! * ** ' M'^^J^Kr * ' ' _^^^^^^^^^^w 1 '^fc ■ W ' M ' B^^^^^^ 9^^^^^^^^* »-*"ii *j~ t ' J"'^^^^^y v l^^^V Z«v^Jl^^k i*"—^*^B ' *. ' , " j* ' In 1877 the first theosophio pub lication—outside some ephemeral news paper articles — appeared. It was Mad ame Blavatsky's "Isls" Unveiled," a work of 1,300 octavo pages, which has run through six editions and is still in growing demand. Two years later tho official maga zine organ of the society, "The Tliecsophist," was started in Bombay, India. Boon after ward another monthly, which was and re mains tho ablest in tho field, was started in New York, by Mr. 3S. Q. Judge, as the organ of the Americau section, under the name of "The Path." "Lucifer;' "Le Lotus," Sphyrtx," " Va?ian," and various other magazines fol lowed, in various parts of the world, until now there are some fifteen or sixteen, all of which seem to have flourished, in English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Hindoo and other languages. In 1880 the first theosophic matter was printed in England, a small tract entitled, "How Best to Become a Theoso phist," and a couple of years later a great impulse was given to the movement in that country by the issue of Mr. A. P. Sinnett's "Occult World," followed not long after by his "Esoteric Buddhism," both works of intense popular interest and still in large demand. Now, there are over three hundred theosophic books of recognizable character as books, and not mere works of fiction, which have been written around selected bits of real or imagined "occultism," to meet popular taste. And, in addition to these, have appeared, in ten different languages, a multitude of theo sophic pamphlets, tracts and leaflets, all of which have had wide circulation and eager acceptance. About two millions of these brochures are annually distributed by the society. The greatest and most comprehen sive of theosophic books, "The Secret Doc trine," has gone through three editions already, and this is significant when the fact is realized that it is a much larger and more expensive book than "Isis Unveiled," and one which is little likely to appeal to any but educated and intellectual people. It is in deed open to question whether the vast and profound system of metaphysical philosophy which is the root, or foundation of theo sophy, can, in the present condition of humanity, appeal to many others than that comparatively limited class. But its ethical teachings are simple and what may properly be styled its exoteric system, is easy of com prehension, and perhaps even more reason able and acceptable to all intelligent minds than many dogmas with which the credulity of mankind has been cajoled for ages. The Theosophical Society, as a society, has no dogmas. It has three declared objects : (1) "To form tho nucleus of a universal brotherhood of humanity, without distinc tion of race, creedj sex, caste or color." (2) "To promote the study of Aryan and other Eastern literatures, religions, philosophies and sciences, and to demonstrate the impor tance of their study." (3) "To investigate un explained laws of nature, and the psychic powers latent in man." Evidently, Jew, Pagan, Protestant and Catholic may, and in fact do, meet upon equal terms on that com mon platform. And, respecting the first object, it is worth while to remark in the language of Mr. C. F. Wright, a prominent theosophic lecturer, that "it must not be understood as promoting a socialistic or communistic sodality, based upon laws of finance or necessity, or the visionary and unnatural concept of the equality of man," but an attempt to "break down the walls of estrangement between sects, religions and nations," freeing man from the degrading philosophy of self-interest, and helping him to practical realization of the God within him. Although the society is unsectarian, devoid of a creed and acknowledges in the widest sense the right of its individual members to private judgment and independent belief, the osophy offers two dogmas which are generally accepted by members, as indeed they are by vast number* of persons, with more or less clearness and openness of avowal, out side this organization. The first of these is the universal rule of absolute and exact justice, under what is known as "the law of Karma," which obtains upon the material plane of the universe, there being known as "cause and effect," and is no less operative upon the mental and physic planes, where it metes out to men consequences, which take the forms of punishments or awards in just proportion to the quality and degree of the impelling causes. Every thought and act of man has its result, necessarily proportioned to it in kind, and every result in its turn inevitably becomes a cause for other results. Thus every man is constantly, whether con sciously or unconsciously, shaping his own future by sowing the seed of inevitable results. This would involve acceptance of the rankest sort of fatalism, were not man endowed with the god-like prerogatives of reason and will. He has the power in him self, if he will exercise it, to restrain himself from sowing the seeds of evil, to "fill his life with blamelessness." In proportion as he does so, good consequences accrue to him, just as he may enjoy health as a result of proper care for his physical being. Or, if base desires and selfish purposes ob scure his good and he does evil, he will suffer therefore, just as drunkenness, gluttony, or any other animal vice, surely brings upon him physical ill. All happiness and good that come to a man must have been earned, and all evils in affection, estate or person, are of his own making. And from this inexorable law there is no escape by pro fessions of repentance and faith, or through the intercession of any mediator, for the law is self-operativo and not the decree of any COLONEL OLCOTT. power subject to modifications of Its exact justice, for special reasons, in selected indi vidual cases. The Deity has established his SAINT PAUL, MINN., SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 10, 1894.-SUPPLEMENT. laws, and if we do not obey them, so far as they aro known to us, wo must suffer the eon- Boquencos ; also, if we violate his laws uncon eoiously, the resultant suffering will bs at once a punishment, an Instruction and a warning. It is very evident that no such system of justice could find adequate field for its appli cation within the limitations of a human life, however long. Hence the second dogma, that of "Re-Incarnation." The Theosophist and Christian will ivgree that at least soul is as indestructible as science knows matter to be. But the former sees no place in the scheme of evolution, as it presents Itself to his mind, for tho concept of constant creation, for the coming into existence of anything which has previously been positively non existent. Consequently he does not believe that God occupies himself with the constant manufacture of new souls for the new com binations of changeful but deathless atoms called babies. Furthermore, the Theoso phist fails to see it as probable that in the short span of a single mundane life, tram melled by environment, hampered by neces sity, beguiled by temptation and enslaved by the body, any soul can justly deserve, by its acts, the reward of a sempiternity of either heaven or hell. Hence he believes that "though a man die, yet shall he live again," and that he shall have, in the body, the re sults of deeds done in the body; "as he sows, so shall he reap." That his ideas may not be considered quite unique, in this regard, by those who now read of them for the first time, it may be casually mentioned that the early Christian fathers taught this doctrine ; that warrant is found in the words of Christ for believing that it was by him accepted as a foregone conclusion ; that the great Ameri can philosophers affirmed it, and that it is to day an article of faith to about eight millions of human beings. The theosophio philosophy may be said to postulate two quite distinct yet closely inter woven lines of heredity, through which the laws of Earma and Be-Incarnation become operative. One is that of the body, in which physical characteristics and diseases are transmitted; the other can hardly be cor rectly spoken of as heredity, since it is really the continuance of the mind and higher prin ciples which in each new personality receive as an inheritance from those preceding tho boon or burden of their deserts. But this is not the limit of theosophy's division of the composite man, which goes much beyond the orthodox segregation into body and soul. From the theosophio standpoint, the body is not a "principle," but merely a temporary "house of clay," infused by a "life principle," which is universal, inextinguishable and which, upon the death of the body, simply goes' but' again to the general life-wave for entrance into and vivi ncation of other forms. And the body as we see and know it, is but an insensate, power less clod, all its apparent sensations and im pulses having their origination, .perception and direction in higher, intangible principles, and manifesting through ,the "astral" form upon and in conformity to which tUe physical J. *£■' : — JUDO* ... • bofly is moulded. The prfncrpl'es acting through the "astral" medium are Kama anil Manas. The former is the "animal soul," impeller of sensuous desires and energy, a potent power for debasement if uncontrolled. Manas (which signifies mind) is susceptible of sub-division into the "lower," which affords intellectual direction in life, the dominating force in material matters during mundane existence and is properly known as the human soul. Yielding to the seductions and influences of the animal soul it may al together lose its hold upon the higher . prin ciples, and at the end of a life of evil, drop — with the personality to which it belongs — out of the chain of evolutionary re-incarnation. The "higher" Manas, with the Atniic ray of pure spirit from the Divine source, and the ' connecting link, or band, between them, known as Buddhi (wisdom), constitute the spiritual soul — or "Atma-Manasio triad" — the true individuality, which passes through the experiences of many personalities, but is "birthless and deathless and changeless for ever." This spiritual soul is the "ever con scious seer and knower," and directs the selection by the human soul, in proportion to its Karmic deserts, of the fleshly bodies in •which the stages of its pilgrimage shall be made. This necessarily condensed skeleton of the theosophic belief, of course, is far from ex haustive, and leaves much that for clear understanding should be greatly amplified. It is enough, however, to give an idea of the main features of the new-old wisdom re ligion, for the exposition of which so much is being done to-day all over the world. Three printing establishments solely for the production of their own literature, are maintained by the Theosophists in New York, London and Bombay. They have seen fit also to adopt some of the Christian methods of diffusing ideas, through Sunday schools, which they call "Lotus Circles," in nearly all the large cities ; through seventy day schools in Ceylon and India ; through a. "Propaganda Department," which has a very large staff of widely scattered and very active workers; through a "Correspondence Department," which started first here in New York, and finds abundant occupation in aiding students of the esoteric knowledge, which underlines all that has been recapitulated and j.s in finitely more ab3truse ; through a "League of Theosophical Workers," which does works of charity and at the same time scatters the good seed of a truly helpful philosophy, and in various other ways commending them selves to local endeavor., among the "branahes," which, although they have a cen tral organization, are entirely autonomous in all the fields of action. Loan libraries, classes for study of the "Secret Doctrine" and weekly meetings for discussion of theosopjjjc topics are common in all the branches. Great as the theosophio movement seemg to be, it promises to become very much' greater la the near future. J. H. COKNEXiH. THE LAST ICONOCLAST. Or. v. w . Owen viaims tne Greatest Discovery of the Age. THE GREAT "CRYPTOGRAM" OUTDONE. Bacon the Most Amazing Scoundrel and the Grandest Genius the World Ever Saw — aid Favorites Dethroned — Harvey an Importer, Spencer a , Fraud, Burton a Xobody. Who discovered the circulation of bloofff Harvey, you say ! Wrong, by all the gods and little fishes ! It -was Sir Francis Bacon. Who wrote the "Anatomy of Melancholy? "Why, Burton, to be sure," you say, with the credulity born of a pitiful ignorance. No, he didn't, Bacon wrote that book. Of course, you are laboring under the blind de lusion that Edmund Spenser wrote the "Fairie Queen," that Kit Marlowe is the author of "Dr. Faustus," and of "Tambur laine the Great?" Maybe you think that Bobert Greene wrote "Pandosto," from which Shakespeare borrowed the plot of "A Winter's Tale." Greene, who called his brother dra matist "an upstart crow beautified with fine feathers — in his own conceit the only Shake scomb in the country." I say maybe you think Greene wrote that or anything else worth reading? Well, my dear sir, you show your ignorance, for he did nothing of the kind. Are you one of those back num bers who believe Shakespeare wrote the works that bear his name? If so, get thee to a monkery and hide thy diminished head in shame and confusion, for the works' ot Spenser, Marlowe, Burton, Shakespeare, Greene, Peele and all those that bear his own name, were written by Francis Bacon, Lord Yerulam, "Viscount St. Albans ; and, if you be lieve to the contrary, Dr. O. W. Owen, of Detroit, Mich., is prepared to show you, with an infinite pity for your blind credulity, that he- has made this amazing discovery all out of his own head, and that all who do not at once agree with him should be ranked with cretins and other congenital imbeciles. "And who pray is Dr. O. W. Owens, of De troit, Mich.?" mcthinks I hear you ask in open-eyed wonder, and with a Hush of holy indignation mantling your more or less classic brow. Patience, patience, Rood sir, and as a conscientious recorder of public events, I shall try to put the case before you. Of course, you know that three sentences are sufficient to tell all, we know about the life and character of the man William Shakespeare, and this little does not indi cate that, genius apart, he had the educa tional opportunities neoessary for the pro duction of such works,, and so, like myself, you may have thought that Shakespeare's education has been, misrepresented by his biographers, or the suspicion may have flashed through your mind that a man so poorly equipped witiL. knowledge of the schools could not have. produced such mas terpieces of poetic genius and scholarly acumen. As the works of Bacon and Shakes peare are diametrically opposite, the one being purely analytic in his methods and the other synthetic, despite all the cryptograms and ciphers, you never thought of associat ing them as one person. But here is Dr. Owen, ready to prove to the satisfaction of mankind in general and himself in particular, that he has discovered the cipher which shows beyond all possibility of quibble that Bacon discovered the circulation of blood ; that he was the author of all the authors named ; that he was himself the son of Eliza beth, "the Virgin Queen," who was secretly married in the Tower to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester; that the Queen made Dudley kill Amy Bobsart at Cunrnor Hall ; that she was herself strangled to death by Essex, and that Shakespeare was killed at Stratford by Bacon, who had done to death all his other, "masks" himself. All this, and very much more of the same kind, Dr. Owen, of Detroit, Mich., has discovered through his cipher, and he is out to change history, upset liter ature, break idols, and make money; the latter purpose he boldly avows. Dr. Owen, after infinite labor and brain racking study, has found the cipher, and he has published two books to prove it. The first volume gives Bacon's letter to the trans lator, a weak and garrulous rigmarole it is, which Dr. Owen has patched out from Shake speare, Bacon himself, Marlowe, Burton, and others. There is also a very unnecessary dedication to the King, supposed to be James the First. There is a third part to the book called "Description of the Queen, General Curse and Sir Francis Bacon's Life." The second volume is devoted to a description of the Spanish Armada", but why a description of a well-known historical event should be concealed in a cipher, the more or less learned decipherer from Detroit, Mich., does not attempt to explain. In the midst or all the wonder excited by these discoveries, not' the least wonder is that Dr. Owen stops where he does in the role of iconoclast. There were Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Baleigh, Massinger, Sir Philip Sydney, Fordj and Drummond, all contemporaries of Bacon, who no doubt de pended on his inspiration for their works. Why should Ben Jonson, for a time the sec retary of Bacon, b» permitted to stand untouched, when H%rvey is proven to have been an im poster and. Spenser a fraud? They have formed a publishing company in Detroit, Michigan, for tie purpose of getting out Dr. Owen's decipherings, for this Is a money making venture, and the better to arouse interest and win to his side an ignor ant if not a skeptical public, the more or less learned discoverer has taken to lecturing on the subject. Dr. Owen, in his stupendous work of propaganda, recently lectured in New York oity, the place being a parlor in the Fifth Avenue Hotel. Dj. O. W. Owen is about forty years of age, and I am told is a college bred man, though it would never be suspected from his speech er his attempts at writing. lake a lingual pcjrgamist be persists, in uniting plural sub jects with singular verbs, and he shows great grammatical independence in using the nominative and objective cases in a way that defies the two most familiar rules of syntax. The doctor is above middle height, and slen der, with dark hair, and brown, restless eye*, tos self-consciousness is painful to behold. In the little audience at the Fifth Avenue Hotel there were a number of the best -scholars in the city, man accustomed to logical methods of procedure and with the student habit of thought arrangement and literary form. Dr. Oypen did not prepare his lecture. With an £ir at superiority that offended from the start, he informed us that the reason Bacon resorted to a cipher to tell his story was that the Queen would have destroyed him, son of hers though he was, if h« had shown the temerity to write openly. In proof of Elizabeth's sanguinary dispo sition, the doctor told us among other things, that her majesty's greatest pleasure was to decapitate her refractory subjects and decorate the palings of her palace garden with their heads. This gentle Queen didn't care so' much for the beads when they were green, but after they had become ripe she delighted to stroll through the royal garden amid these ghastly trophies. At one time, she had eighty of these heads, more or less decomposed, set up for her private enjoy ment. Why, she even set up the ghastly beads along the banks of the Thames, that they might not be away from sight or smell, when she occupied the royal barge. He tolls us that the daughter of Sir Thomas More threw her father's head into the Queen's boat as it was passing, and her majesty with a sneer said "thou liest lower than thou didst," and ordered it flung overboard. Dr. Owen, of Detroj^ Michigan, overlooked the fact that Sir Thomas More lost bis bead when Eliza beth was two years old and as yet undreamt of as an heir to the throne. Having told us, ad nauseam, about the habits of the Queen, which in the head-hunt ing line would make a Borneo Dyak green with envy, he proceeded to enlighten us in his own self-contained way, with his right hand on his hip, and a smile of conscious superiority on his lip, as to what he had dis covered through the cipher, ignoring the general desire to learn how he had discovered it. Yes, he did tell us that he found the cipher "staring him in the face" in King John. Here he got a clue that sent him to Bacon's article on masks, and so on in a wild and woolly, and to bis hearers an entirely in comprehensible, way, to "the truth." The doctor used a few Latin words, the accent being invariably brought down on tho penult with a bang, as it that were its only place. He also ventured on three French words which he pronounced with a full recog nition of the final consonants, and in a way that would have delighted the soul of Mrs. Partington, who "never saw a fox pass (faux pas) but once." To do the doctor justice, however, he acknowledged that when he came to decipher Bacon's philosophical works, all of which are in Latin, he had to call in the help of what college boys call "a pony" — that is a translation. I have intimated that the lecture had neither literary form nor the faintest sus picion of rhetorical grace, but the decipherer tried to make amends for this by showing us how he bad improved on Shakespeare, and as he made an attempt at elocutionary read ing, bis ignorance of the art became painfully evident. According to Dr. Owen "man has eight ages." the last being after he is dead, and he proved it, to his own satisfaction, by showing that Jacques' soliloquy on the seven ages in "As You Like It," is incomplete. Burton's. Anatomy of Melancholy is brought ioT.tp s'ulipiy 'the defect and to link Jacques' speech with Hamlet" s soliloquy.beginning "To be or not to be," all of which, according to the decipherer, should be joined together to get a perfect whole. After the alleged lecture, the doctor placed his hands on his hips, intensified the self satisfied smile on his lips, and said he was •eady to answer questions, though he looked as if he did not expect anyone present would have the boldness to tackle him. Dr. Flem ing, well known as a scholar and an accom plished Shakespeare student, did ask ques tions, as did others, and Dr. Owen showed anger from the start. His usual method was to ask another question, or to point to some passage in one of tho deciphered volumes, then close the book with a vicious snap and throw it down on the table with an angry bang. My reason for giving so much space to Dr. Owen is that the subject is one of great interest, and as the present attempt to de throne Shakespeare is confessedly a money making scheme, we are sure to hear more of it. I will not say, nor will any man com petent to judge in such matters, that there may not be a cipher concealed in the works cited by Dr. Owen, but I unhesitatingly affirm that he does not prove it in his lecture nor in his books. If there be a cipher, and he and his friends care more for money than for historic truth, let them wait till all the books are ready, then copy right them with the key and cipher and they will gain their purpose ; but the methods so far employed by the doctor in his lectures and tho publishers in their books are not calculated to win confidence. Robert Folsoii. The Rainmakers. The Secretary of the Interior has given up the experiments which the Government has been making for some years past to induce rain over arid tracts. The railroad com panies operating in New Mexico and Arizona will, however, continue experiments along this line. Getting blood out of a turnip would not be a difficult operation if the plebian vegetable contained blood, and so artificial methods might precipitate moisture in the form of rain if there were any in the atmosphere, but there are places where the air is as moistureless as hades, and neither powder nor dynamite can shake out of it what it does not bold. It is worth knowing, because oheap or easily procured, that one-third turpentine and two-thirds sweet oil makes an excellent furniture polish. I am glad to see that the use of fruit is get ting to be more general. Even in households that are managed very economically, fruit is found on tho table for breakfast. When I was a> girl, there were but two methods of preserving fruit for winter use : one was to dry it, and the other to boil it down with sugar. Now fruits are canned and dried by a new process, and transportation is so cheap and frequent between the semi-tropic parts of the country and the North, that without a great increase in price we can have fruits all the year round. I dislike very much to eat a thing simply because it is recommended as wholesome, but one of the great advantages of fruit is, that while being wholesome, it is at the same time nutritious and agreeable to the taste. \ The greatest engineering feat at present under way in Europe is perhaps the improve ment of the lower Danube. There has been talk of opening up this river to large vessels (or three hundred years. The work is now under way, and when it is through Vienna will be a port of entry for large vessels. AMONG THE BULLS AND BEARS. What is Going on ai tne neaa quarters of American Finance. An Intelligent View of the Situation by an Outsider, Forms of Invest ment, Difference Between In comes tind Speculations. To the mind of the outside barbarian, Wa 11 street presents many aspects. Being the ac knowledged financial center of this conti nent, the enormous moneyed interests rep resented there in the shape of the shares and bonds of legions of corporations, besides the issues of the, governments, states, and muni cipalities of the New World, aggregate hundreds of millions of dollars. To the in vestor for income, the stability of dividend paying shares and gilt-edged bonds is a con stant study. The vast army of speculators who disdain ordinary modss of money-mak ing and "play" the market as they would the races or the faro table, view Wall street as the most fascinating gambling arena on the face of the earth. These two classes of clients constitute what is known in the vernacular of the street as "the generous public," "the outsiders," "the lambs" and "the victims." Their operations are conducted through bankers and brokers who are members of the New York Stock Exchange and the Con solidated Exchange. It is of the exploits of these sharp, shrewd agents that we write when we chronicle the variations in the market. Elegant offices, polite and tactful clerks, the latest news of crop prospects and move ments, railway statements, important politi cal events at home and abroad, and all occur rences bearing on the situation of affairs, are the machinery that gives the motive to the vast army of customers which frequents Wall street and its vicinity. The prominent feature of the market for the two weeks past has been the investment demand for bonds on the part of individuals and institutions. The abnormal ease of money, induced by the existing depression in general business, and causing accumula tion of millions of idle capital in the vaults of banks, has fostered for several months past a strong demand for mortgage and corpora tion bonds. This movement here has been rendered more pronounced by the great plethora of funds in Europe, where the r ordinary chan nels of business have stagnated and, as with our's, been strewn with financial wrecks. The supply of first-class bonds has been exhausted some time since,, except as new is sues are placed on the market and are readily absorbed. The inquiry for securities has taken a wider scope in the character of issues, and bonds by no means gilt-edged are now the objects pf syQculation as well as in vestment. The new Government fives have been re-sold at an advance, and, as the con tinued export of gold has materially reduced the Treasury reserve of the precious metal, it is expected that Mr. Carlisle will be forced to market perhaps fifty millions more of the fives in t!ie near future. This issue would readily be absorbed by the savings banks, whose vaults fairly groan with superabund ant deposits. We doubt not but that any issue of Government bonds could be market ed on a 2 1-2 per cent, basis on account of ex isting low rates of interest. The last French lean floated by the city of Paris was over-subscribed ninety-seven times at 2 1-2 per cent. This incident tells the story of th 9 money market abroad. Municipal bonds have been in active demand, and prices have now reached the highest point, especially for the issues of Eastern towns and cities. Southern securi ties advance in popularity because of the fact that business has been better in the land of cotton than among the farmers of the great West. The land boom in the South culminated four years ago in a sudden col lapse, and folks in Dixie, deprived of their paper profits, came down to "hard pan" and have been forced to retrench personal as well as municipal expenses. « Eailroad mortgage bonds are considered too high by conservative investors and oper ators. Labor troubles in the coal regions, unfavorable traffic returns, and the move ment of tramp armies throughout the coun try, are arguments used by prudent folks. The enforced economies of railroad corpora tions will, it is fairly argued, force an in crease in construction and equipment ac counts as soon as matters shall have returned to normal conditions. Investors and operators in bonds are to be found in the elegant offices of such leading firms as Harvey Fisk & Sons, Drexel, Morgan A Co., Vermilye & Co., Seligman & Co., and hundreds of others who are held in high es teem by the discriminating public. The story of the stock market is quite the reverse of the bond market at the present writing. Outside interest is almost suspend ed; the limited movement noted daily is mainly the result of professional manipula tion- on the part of the room traders, who have to force variations of an eighth or quar ter per cent, or starve. Those who manipu late the "Industrials" (as trusts are styled nowadays in order to ovade State laws against combinations) have caused vast and rapid variations in prices through congressional action and inaction. Henry Clews, the banker, was in his office •when I called i» get his views on the situa tion of the stock market. Mr. Clows is al ways smiling and iuclined to look on tho bright side of things. Active and alive to the bearing of news on markets, ho is ever ready to give an opinion on the future of values. His clients, ensconced in luxurious armchairs in the handsome main office, are frequently guided by his views, but they do not consider a Wall street prophet infallible. Since our remarkable Congress has wasted two months of the spocial session in the dis cussion of the Sherman Silver bill, and almost six months of the regular session in prelim inary sparring over the tariff, the varying phases of the latter interminable subject sway the minds of men on Wall street. Mr. Clews has daily a new bulletin on the tariff question or discussion posted in a conspicu ous place for the benefit of his customers, and being in a facetious mood, he handed me his latest bulletin in liew of an interview. It reads thus : "The Tariff bill as now liberalized by its (our hundred and more changes, is divested of its former individuality and sectional character, therefore in its reconstructed shape is better adapted to the general inter ests of the nation, and should it become law SUPPLEMENT will not be injurious to business interests ; neither will any hardship result in the event of the measure being killed, for that will merely continue the present tariff law, which would be no great injury excepting as a mor tification to the theoretical free traders. What is really wanted by the Ameri-jan peo ple i 6 to pass without further disastrous de lay the amended tariff measure, or entirely abandon it, so that the business people can put their full machinery at work again and give work to the army of unemployed la borers, and thereby start a new era of pros perity which all conditions are now favorabl* towards." The undercurrent of political feeling is apparent in this expression of opinion, but it is hard to avoid serious bias on account of the paralysis of business, caused, to a certain extent, by Congressional inaction. Then again Mr. Clews has felt "the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune," as related in his bulky volume, "Twenty-eight Years in Wall Street," and gives his clients the benefit of dearly bought experience. Of a different kidney is the well established firm of Chardon & Co., bankers. The senior member of that firm made a fortune in the plate glass business and lost it in Wall street ; but that loss is the fmblic gain, for in the depths of his despair he discovered a system of "beating the game" on Wall street which is figured out to a mathematical certainty. AU that a fellow must have in on'.er to sue* ceed according to that system — not patented— is a long purse, Job-like patience, and faith. • A Christian can win heaven simply by means of the last requisite. The positive route to prosperity on Wall street is by the way of the royal road to learn ing, perhaps. Several smart uptown fellows, tired of waiting for the good old times to be revived, have discovered a way to beat the bucket shops on New street, but tkey are not buying Delmonico luncheons with the pro ceeds thereof ; they are yet to be blessed with quickly won pelf. The mau with pointers on the market "from the inside" is actively seeking for credulous customers. For a small stipend he will disclose that which he has been told by a trusted official, say of the Sugar Trust, but he gives the contrary point to the other fellow who buys the profound secret. Of course one or the other prediction proves correct, and the tout proceeds to fleece the fortunate man a second time. These are every day phases of life on Wall street, but the real condition of business among about five thousand stock, brokers ia lamentable in the extreme. There are n« signs of business improvement of sufficient permanency to encourage speculation, and, ij current railway earnings are to ba taken as i criterion, no decided recovery of activity cai bs expected for months to come. The pres ent condition of the stock market has been likened to Hades — those who are in would like to be out, and the outsiders are satisfied to stay where they are. Dividends have beeD forced in many eases by economics which ara not wise or legitimate ; this is merely defer ring the time for diminished or passed divi dends. With three-fifths of the vast railroad sys tems of tho United States in the hands of receivers, the question recurs to the minds of prudent investors : "Where are we at?" As the prosperity of the country depends mainly on the condition of the farmer, the political economist finds little encouragement in the fact that wheat ia selling to-day in Chicago under sixty cents a bushel ; tobacco, another valuable staple ot the Middle and Western States, is slow ot sale at prices far below the cost of produc tion. As the preceding Tariff bill dominates the opinions of merchants, a symptom of a purpose to pass any sort of a modification of the Wilson bill by Congress would be bailed as the harbinger of the good time coming. Then a sentimental feeling, conjoined with the plethora of idle capital, and the starting up of factories, mines, and mills would exer cise a salutary influence on Wall street, and cause such a shaking up of dry bones as to warm the cockles of brokers' hearts and make the very exchanges skip with joy. "So mote it be," echo the idle brokers. Levy; The Cicada. The seventeen year locusts have taken pos session of the eastern counties of New Jersey As a matter of fact these are not locusts, nor are they closely allied to the family. They are cicadas, and unlike the locusts they are not seriously injurious to vegetation, nor are they — popular belief to the contrary notwith standing — at all poisonous if handled. AW though so long in coming to maturity, thi' time varying for different varieties from on* to seventeen years, the active life of thi^ cicada is only about two months, and ft usually terminates near the place of its birth. The female lays her eggs under the bark of branches, and about six weeks afterward the grubs fall to the ground- in which they har row at depths varying from one to thraa feet. Here they undergo six distinct changes be fore after their long period of hibernating they again come to the light. When the locusts or cicadas appear on the surface they are encased in a hard shell like a crab, and like a crab this shell is cast by a rent up the back from which tho creature emerges. Although the development has been so slow, there are no wings apparent when the shell is cast, yet so rapid is their growth that three hours afterward the long gauze-like wings aro developed and the creature can fly. The peculiar whirling noise that distinguishes the cicada is made by the male only, and is produced by rub bing the serrated hind leg 3 against the re sonant wings. Some French Maxims. — There are no peo ple in the world so fond of maxims as tin French. Indeed, to the ordinary English reader, French writers are apt to become tiresome in their constant straining after epigrammatic sentences. Here are a few maxims taken from Chamfort, who in turn, I believe, stole them from Eochefaucault : "Love as it exists in society is only an ex change of two fancies." "You cannot cleanse the Augean stable with a dusting brush." "Whoever is not a misanthropo at forty can never have loved mankind." "The most utterly lost of all days is that on which you have not laughed." "What is celebrity? The advantage of be ing known to people who don't know you." "A man in love is a man who wishes to b« more amiable and agreeable than he can bej and this is the reason why almost all men in love are ridiculous." "If you live among men, your heart must either break or turn to brass." "The nobility, say the nobles, aro midway between the king and the people. Yes, as a hunting dog is midway between the hunters and tho hares." " 'You yawn,' said a lady to her husband. 'Mydearwife,' roplied the husband, 'yon and I are one, and when I am by myself I soon become woray.' " _ .